home All hormones Pressure on the eyeballs is used. Pain when pressing on the eyeball. High blood pressure

Pressure on the eyeballs is used. Pain when pressing on the eyeball. High blood pressure

The autonomic nervous system regulates the strength and frequency of heart contractions. An increase in heart rate is ensured by an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and a decrease in heart rate due to the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Providing oxygen flow

Loosen tight clothing, ventilate the room, or get some fresh air. This will help you not to lose consciousness during an attack of tachycardia.

Breathing exercises

Inhale with straining: take a deep breath and try to “push” the air down as if you were straining.

Exhale with effort: clasp your thumb with your lips and try to exhale with all your might.

Carotid artery massage

Gentle massage of the carotid sinus can prevent an attack of tachycardia. Gently massage the artery as low as possible under the jaw. Your doctor can show you the correct pressure point.

Pressing on the eyeballs

Close your eyes completely and gently press your fingertips onto your eyeballs for 10 seconds. This procedure must be repeated several times.

Dive reflex

When marine mammals dive into deep water, their heart rate automatically slows down. To trigger the “immersion reflex,” fill a basin with cold water and lower your face into it for a few seconds.

Cold drink

Pour a full glass of cold water (the colder the better). Drink water while standing, and then lie down on the bed so that your legs and head are at the same level. Try to calm down and relax.

Massage of biologically active points (tachycardia and bradycardia)

Massage of biologically active points. Quite a pronounced improvement in cardiac activity during arrhythmia. Can be used for tachycardia and bradycardia.

a) Starting position, sitting with a straight back. The left hand is located in front of the lower abdomen, its palm facing upward. With the end of the phalanx of the thumb of your right hand, press firmly on the biologically active point of Nei Guan. The point is located approximately 2 fingers above the bend line of the hand, in the center of the inner surface of the arm between the tendons. First of all, you need to press downwards, then towards the heart, without moving your finger. Repeat the same pressure with your left hand on the Nei Guan point of your right hand.

b) Starting position, sitting with a straight back. The left hand, palm up, rests on the thigh. Use the index and middle fingers of your right hand to press on the Nei Gong point of your left hand. Then press along the inside of your arm and rub up and down 200 times.

Note: In patients with arrhythmia, the rhythm of the heart quickly returns to normal during a massage. In patients with tachycardia, massage should begin with light movements, gradually increasing the pressure. At the same time as applying pressure, it is necessary to vibrate and lightly knead the surface with your fingers. In patients with bradycardia, it is necessary to begin the massage immediately with strong irritating movements.

Location of the point: between the tendons of the palmaris longus muscle and the flexor carpi radialis, above the wrist fold by 2 proportional cun.

Topographic anatomy. The location of the point corresponds to the median nerve passing in depth; the interosseous artery of the palmar surface, the external and internal cutaneous nerves of the forearm are distributed in this area.

The depth of the zhen is 3-5 fen (1 -1.5 cm). The duration of the tszyu is 5-10 minutes.

Indications: myocarditis, endocarditis, pericarditis, palpitations, jaundice, conjunctival hemorrhage, pain in the elbow joint and shoulder, stomach spasms, collapse after childbirth.

First aid for tachycardia

The most important thing to do when an attack of paroxysmal tachycardia begins is to call someone for help. The fact is that an attack of tachycardia can at any time transform into a life-threatening arrhythmia, including ventricular fibrillation. in which a person quickly loses consciousness and dies without outside help within literally a few minutes.

You can try to relieve the attack yourself - with reflex physiological exercises or taking appropriate antiarrhythmic drugs. The exercises consist of stimulating the vagal nerve and reducing the heart rate through a reflex mechanism. Here are some of them:

Valsalva maneuver - you need to strain and at the same time try to take a deep breath; try to complete the test for at least 10 seconds;
Danini-Aschner reflex - pressing on the eyeballs through closed eyelids;
massage of the carotid artery, or more precisely, the carotid sinuses: with light circular movements the point separating the upper and middle thirds of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is massaged;
inflating a balloon - you need to inflate the balloon until it bursts;
“diving reflex” - immersing the face in cold water for 10 seconds or more.

The techniques are repeated until the heart rate drops to the desired level. The most effective of them is the “diving reflex”; when used, normal sinus rhythm is restored in approximately 90% of cases.

Of the antiarrhythmic drugs, verapamil and adenosine (ATP) are considered the most effective.

It is worth remembering, however, that even a successfully stopped attack is an indication to see a doctor. And the first attack of tachycardia without physiological reasons (for example, during sleep or rest) is a direct reason to call an ambulance, preferably a specialized cardiology team.

Providing oxygen flow

Loosen tight clothing, ventilate the room, or get some fresh air. This will help you not to lose consciousness during an attack of tachycardia.

Breathing exercises

Inhale with straining: take a deep breath and try to “push” the air down as if you were straining.

Exhale with effort: clasp your thumb with your lips and try to exhale with all your might.

Carotid artery massage

Gentle massage of the carotid sinus can prevent an attack of tachycardia. Gently massage the artery as low as possible under the jaw. Your doctor can show you the correct pressure point.

Pressing on the eyeballs

Close your eyes completely and gently press your fingertips onto your eyeballs for 10 seconds. This procedure must be repeated several times.

Dive reflex

When marine mammals dive into deep water, their heart rate automatically slows down. To trigger the “immersion reflex,” fill a basin with cold water and lower your face into it for a few seconds.

Cold drink

Pour a full glass of cold water (the colder the better). Drink water while standing, and then lie down on the bed so that your legs and head are at the same level. Try to calm down and relax.

Massage of biologically active points (tachycardia and bradycardia)

Massage of biologically active points. Quite a pronounced improvement in cardiac activity during arrhythmia. Can be used for tachycardia and bradycardia.

Location of the point: between the tendons of the palmaris longus muscle and the flexor carpi radialis, above the wrist fold by 2 proportional cun.

The depth of the zhen is 3-5 fen (1 -1.5 cm). The duration of the tszyu is 5-10 minutes.

Indications: myocarditis, endocarditis, pericarditis, palpitations, jaundice, conjunctival hemorrhage, pain in the elbow joint and shoulder, stomach spasms, collapse after childbirth.

First aid for tachycardia

Valsalva maneuver - you need to strain and at the same time try to take a deep breath; try to complete the test for at least 10 seconds;
Danini-Aschner reflex - pressing on the eyeballs through closed eyelids;
massage of the carotid artery, or more precisely, the carotid sinuses: with light circular movements the point separating the upper and middle thirds of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is massaged;
inflating a balloon - you need to inflate the balloon until it bursts;
“diving reflex” - immersing the face in cold water for 10 seconds or more.

Of the antiarrhythmic drugs, verapamil and adenosine (ATP) are considered the most effective.

The child is placed in a horizontal position (without a pillow). The assistant should firmly hold the child's head and arms. The doctor places both thumbs with the palmar surface on the eyeballs of the child, who is asked to take 3 to 4 deep breaths and then hold his breath on the last breath.

Pressure is applied with the ends of the thumbs to the patient's closed eyes directly under the upper supraorbital arches in a backward direction.

The pressure is applied for 3-4 seconds and should cause an unpleasant sensation in the child (be strong enough). At the same time, the heart rate is monitored.

The test can be repeated after 2 - 3 minutes. Severe myopia is a contraindication to its use.

Carotid sinus massage (Chermak-Goering test)

The child is placed in a horizontal position with his head slightly turned to one side.

The carotid artery is palpated directly at the angle of the lower jaw in front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The massage is carried out with fingers II - III for 10 - 20 s.

The direction of the massage is back and towards the spine. The pressure force should increase gradually. The massage usually begins on the right; when the tachycardia stops or a pause occurs, it is stopped immediately.

“Emergency care in pediatrics”, E.K. Tsybulkin

Heart failure refers to conditions in which the heart does not meet the body's blood supply needs. This may be either a result of a decrease in myocardial contractility or a consequence of rhythm disorders that disrupt cardiac outflow. Acute heart failure. Main damaging moments and stages of pathogenesis. In pediatric practice, acute heart failure is most often observed in children in the first 3 years of life...

The main damaging factors and stages of pathogenesis Most authors are under shock in the modern understanding [Shuteu Yu. et al., 1981; Shuster X.P. et al., 1981] understand an acute progressive decrease in tissue perfusion. It can occur due to hypovolemia due to blood loss (hemorrhagic and traumatic shock), plasma loss (burn shock), loss of water and electrolytes (anhydremic shock), due to primary damage to the peripheral vascular...

The most striking external sign of the height of the disease is cutaneous hemorrhagic syndrome. Within 2 - 3 hours, dark blue spots appear on the skin of the lower extremities (usually), abdomen, and anterior chest wall, similar to ecchymosis or a stellate and hemorrhagic rash, which does not disappear with pressure. Ecchymoses quickly increase in size, merge with one another and within an hour spread throughout...

The most commonly used anticonvulsant is sodium hydroxybutyrate (GHB) intramuscularly or intravenously; short-acting barbiturates (hexenal). The latter is used rectally (10% solution - 0.5 ml/kg), intramuscularly (5% solution - 0.5 ml/kg) or intravenously (slowly 1% solution until the effect is obtained, but not more than 15 mg/kg). To prevent the vagotonic effect of the barbiturate, atropine is pre-administered. It should be noted,…

Classification The mechanisms of development of acute and chronic heart failure are not fundamentally different, however, the classification of V. Kh. Vasilenko and N. D. Strazhesko in relation to acute heart failure in clinical practice does not justify itself. Stage I heart failure in conditions of an acute infectious process does not, as a rule, have reliable diagnostic criteria. In addition, acute illness itself can...

The eye may hurt when pressure is applied due to fatigue of the visual apparatus or diseases of the body. You can detect the symptom while washing your face or rubbing your eyes in the morning.

There are several reasons why the eye hurts when pressed. Not all causes are dangerous to health.

Visual fatigue

Fatigue occurs due to working at a computer, wearing contact lenses for a long time, or driving a car for a long time. If there is pain from pressure, it is necessary to limit visual stress and perform eye exercises.

Damage to the organ of vision

Mechanical damage and pain when pressed are caused by:

foreign body;
tattoo;

It is necessary to remove the foreign body, instill Albucid and Levomycetin eye drops to prevent infectious complications. In case of damage, drops “Hyphenlez” and “Artificial tear” will help.

If the eyeball hurts when pressed due to increased IOP, this is a sign of glaucoma. Therapy – reduction of intraocular pressure with Pilocarpine drops. If medications are ineffective, surgery is performed to form pathways for the outflow of aqueous humor.

Vascular problems

Vascular disorders include: capillary atrophy, inflammation, vasospasm. The causes of problems with blood vessels can be inflammation, trauma, increased IOP, and somatic diseases. Treatment is the prescription of medications depending on the cause.

Inflammatory processes of the eyes

Bacterial and viral diseases (uveitis, scleritis, barley, herpes) are additionally accompanied by redness, swelling, and lacrimation. For the treatment of bacterial diseases, drops of "Levomycetin", "Albucid" are prescribed, and at night - ointments "Tetracycline", "Tobrex". Viral diseases are treated with Oftalmoferon drops.

Dry eye syndrome

Dryness of the eye occurs due to tension in the organ of vision, lack of vitamins, and autoimmune diseases. The eye may hurt when pressed, become watery and red. Treat with moisturizing drops "Vizin", "Artificial tear".

Therapy for strabismus consists of wearing an occlusive bandage, selecting glasses, hardware and surgical treatment.

Inflammation of the trigeminal nerve

Damage to the trigeminal nerve can occur due to infectious causes, compression, or trauma. Characterized by shooting pain. Treatment is carried out by neurologists (anticonvulsants, painkillers, blockades).

Oncology

The eyeball may hurt when pressed due to a tumor in the orbital area. The tumor grows and compresses the structures of the visual organ. Treatment is carried out by oncologists: they remove the tumor, prescribe radiation and chemotherapy.

Infectious and viral diseases of the body

As a secondary symptom in infectious conditions (ARVI, sinusitis), the eyeball may hurt when pressed. Therapy consists of removing the infection from the body with antibacterial or antiviral drugs.

Headache

Pain in the head may occur due to fatigue, stress, or prolonged tension. Secondarily, the eyeball may hurt. Popular remedies for headaches: “Pentalgin”, “Mig”, “Citramon”.

High blood pressure

High blood pressure can cause headaches and eye pain. Selection of antihypertensive therapy is necessary.

First aid for a symptom depends on the cause. If your eyes hurt when pressed due to overstrain of the visual organ, then you need to give your body a rest. Inflammatory pain is relieved with anti-inflammatory drugs. In case of injury, apply cold water to closed eyelids.

Diagnostics

If you suspect that your eye hurts when pressed due to a possible disease, you should consult an ophthalmologist.

At the initial consultation, the doctor will examine the visual apparatus, tonometry, biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. For a more in-depth diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe an ultrasound of the eyeballs, MRI and CT of the eye orbits.

If there are concomitant diseases, the ophthalmologist will refer specialized specialists for consultation.

If you find that your eye hurts from pressure, do not continue to apply pressure. This may make the condition worse.

Supraventricular tachycardia is a form of arrhythmia caused by a disturbance in the electrical conductivity of the heart. Often this form of arrhythmia is found in children.

Forms

Depending on the location of the source of tachycardia, there is atrial and atrioventricular tachycardia.

Atrial:
- focal, or focal, atrial tachycardia. The cause of development is pathological excitation of one section of the atrial conduction system;
- multiple, or multifocal, tachycardia. It is caused by the presence of several foci that cause an increase in contractile activity in the atria.
Atrioventricular or AV form:
- focal paroxysmal tachycardia comes from the cells of the atrioventricular junction;
- atrioventricular reciprocal tachycardia develops with the participation of additional pathways for electrical impulses.

Causes

Paroxysm (attack) is formed when the focus of the disease is located in the area of the atria or atrioventricular junction. Arrhythmia attacks do not occur regularly, but only under the influence of external factors.

Reasons for the development of paroxysm:

activation of nervous system excitability after fear or stress;
heart defects;
ischemia, dystrophy and other myocardial diseases;
disorders caused by intoxication with drugs, alcohol and other substances.

The causes of the disease include extracardiac and cardiac.

Heart reasons:

congenital, i.e. appearing in utero. These are structural features of the conductive tissue of the heart;
cardiac ischemia;
heart defects;
myocarditis;
cardiomyopathy;
heart failure.

Extracardiac causes:

hyperthyroidism or other diseases of the endocrine system;
excessive alcohol consumption;
bronchopulmonary diseases;
imbalance of the nervous system.

There are risk factors that provoke the appearance and development of tachycardia:

nervous tension and constant stress;
drug addiction, alcoholism and smoking;
excessive coffee consumption.

Symptoms

Attacks of accelerated atrial contraction last from several seconds to several hours and are characterized by a fast and even heart rhythm. This pathology occurs in people of all ages, but children are more often susceptible to tachycardia. Supraventricular tachycardia appears suddenly and is characterized by the following symptoms:

increased heart rate;
a feeling of tightness in the neck and chest;
dizziness;
loss of consciousness;
feeling of anxiety, fear, discomfort.

With prolonged attacks, symptoms of heart failure appear:

swelling of the limbs;
the appearance of bluish areas on the lips and fingertips;
dyspnea;
a sharp drop in blood pressure.

Only with severe concomitant heart diseases does the patient’s life become dangerous. Given the suddenness and severity of the attacks, the patient’s quality of life decreases, increasing tension and fear of another attack appear.

Diagnostics

analysis of the course of the disease and patient complaints. Patients note a sudden onset and end of rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, weakness, nausea, chest discomfort, fainting;
life history analysis. The doctor identifies the presence of cardiovascular system disorders and cases of sudden death in the patient’s relatives. The patient's level of physical activity is determined;
physical, or medical, examination. The presence of obesity is recorded and blood pressure is measured. When listening to the heart rhythm, frequent rhythmic tones are noted;
blood test – necessary to identify concomitant diseases;
general urinalysis - also performed to determine additional disorders;
blood chemistry. It is used to determine cholesterol content, sugar levels, potassium and other elements;
ECG is the main diagnostic method; it records abnormalities characteristic of tachycardia;
24-hour electrocardiogram monitoring records attacks of tachycardia that the patient does not feel. This method allows you to assess the beginning and end of paroxysms, identify the presence of arrhythmia and determine its nature;
electrophysiological examination of the heart. The method involves the use of additional equipment and electrodes. Identifies the mechanism of development of supraventricular tachycardia and determines the grounds for surgical intervention;
Echocardiography is performed to determine structural changes in the heart.

First aid

Emergency care for an attack of supraventricular tachycardia consists of the following set of measures:

inducing vomiting;
massage of the right carotid node;
pressing on the eyeballs;
straining with pinched nose;
pressing on the stomach;
cold washing and wiping the face;
taking sedatives (tincture of valerian, valocordin).

If the effectiveness of these actions is low, antiarrhythmic drugs (Verapamil and others) are used in the form of intravenous injections. If ischemia or fainting occurs, hospitalization is urgently required.

Treatment

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia suggests several treatment options:

Conservative treatment:

aimed at preventing attacks of rapid heartbeat. For prevention, the cardiologist prescribes medications that restore normal heart rhythm;
To stop an attack of tachycardia, intravenous injections of antiarrhythmic drugs or electrical pulse therapy are used.

Stopping an attack with medications begins with beta blockers. If effectiveness is low, a combination of beta blockers and other antiarrhythmic drugs is used.

Surgery

Based on the results of an ECG and TPE study, indications for surgical treatment are determined:

regular and prolonged attacks of tachycardia and poor tolerance;
continuation of rapid heartbeat after taking antiarrhythmic drugs;
occupation associated with a risk to life in case of fainting;
cases where long-term drug therapy is undesirable or poorly tolerated.

The radiofrequency ablation method is used as surgical treatment. During the operation, an electrode is inserted into a large vein, passed into the heart cavity, and the pathological focus in the conduction system of the heart is destroyed by high-frequency current. For multiple lesions, the procedure is repeated.

Radiofrequency ablation is an expensive procedure that has a number of complications. So, as a result of an unsuccessful operation, the functioning of the ventricles is disordered, so the installation of a pacemaker is required. A pacemaker can also be installed electively, when the conduction pathways between the atria and ventricles are completely cut to treat arrhythmia.

Prevention

It is important to prevent diseases that provoke the development of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia:
- cardiac ischemia. Stable moderate physical activity, a rational balanced diet and cessation of smoking and alcohol are required;
- inflammation of the heart muscle. To prevent its occurrence, it is necessary first of all to treat colds at home, and not go to work or school.
Eliminate psycho-emotional stress in the form of stress, conflicts, etc.
Stop using tobacco and alcohol.
Include moderate physical activity in your daily routine.
Maintain a rational and balanced diet.
Control your weight.
Monitor blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

Often supraventricular tachycardia is genetic in nature, so relatives of a patient diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia are recommended to undergo a comprehensive examination:

ECG – recording of the bioelectric fields of the heart;
EchoCG – ultrasound examination of the heart;
24-hour electrocardiogram monitoring.

Forecast

The prognosis of paroxysmal tachycardia is made taking into account the root cause, frequency and duration of attacks, the development of complications, as well as the condition of the heart.

Often the disease allows patients to lead a full life. Rare paroxysms go away on their own or after minor medical care. The worst prognosis for persistently severe tachycardias, which lead to disruption of the nervous system and internal organs, is disability.