Vision: 1st degree myopia. Myopia. Types of mild disease

Myopia of the 1st degree occurs as a result of hereditary predisposition or abnormalities in the structure of the eyeball. The disease can be caused by prolonged exercise or non-compliance with the rules of safe reading and writing. In this case, the patient is not able to distinguish objects located in the distance. He develops lacrimation, photophobia and headache. More often the disease develops in childhood.

Myopia of both eyes occurs predominantly, but unilateral damage also occurs, which is often caused by injury.

Causes

Myopia or mild myopia can be provoked by the following factors on the human body:

• hereditary predisposition;
• congenital structural features of the eyeball;
• increased load on the visual analyzer;
• long work at the computer;
• failure to maintain the required distance when reading a book or writing;
• violation of visual hygiene;
• lack of vitamins and minerals in the body;
• eye injury;
• infectious lesion;
• weakness of the ciliary muscle.

How does it manifest?

A symptom of the disease can be severe pain in the temples.

The most common symptoms of grade 1 myopia include the following clinical signs:

• headache in temples;
• feeling of pressure in the eye area;
• general weakness;
• fast fatiguability;
• lacrimation;
• photophobia;
• sensation of a foreign body in the eyes;
• squinting when trying to look into the distance;
• redness of the mucous membrane of the eyeball;
• dryness.

Poor vision most often appears in childhood and adolescence, which is due to rapid growth and constant changes in the shape of the eye. At the same time, the child complains of the inability to distinguish objects that are far away. Often students notice an inability to see what is written on the board. When the first signs of the disease appear, it is important to visit an ophthalmologist and establish the correct diagnosis. Myopia of the 1st degree involves loss of the ability to see up to 3 diopters.

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis, an ophthalmologist uses a special table.

Stage 1 myopia can be suspected by the presence in a person of symptoms characteristic of this pathology. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a visual acuity study using a special table. You also need an ophthalmoscopy, in which you can examine the fundus of the eye and identify retinal detachment or other pathological changes. Computer refractometry is indicated, allowing for a refractive study. You should take a general blood and urine test.

How to treat?

Therapy for first-degree myopia is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause that provoked the patient’s vision loss. It is important to limit the load on the organ of vision, consume sufficient amounts of vitamins and microelements and get rid of bad habits. Drug therapy consists of using agents that improve microcirculation and nutrition of the light-sensitive cells of the eye. It is also possible to carry out surgical intervention in the form of scleroplasty, removing and replacing the lens with an artificial one, as well as laser vision correction. Sidorenko glasses are used for hardware therapy. They influence the patient with infrasound, phonophoresis, pneumomassage and color pulse therapy.

Drugs

Treatment of initial degree myopia includes the use of medications. The most commonly used drugs are those containing lutein. It is a protective pigment for light-sensitive cells. It is recommended to take vitamin-mineral complexes that contain a large amount of carotenes, which help improve the patient’s ability to see. For mild myopia, you can use products that improve metabolism in the retina "Tauron", aloe or ATP solution. The means for relieving spasm of accommodation “Mezaton” and “Irifrin” will be useful. Trental, Piracetam and Pentoxifylline help increase blood circulation and microcirculation.

Surgical treatment

Scleroplasty is an operation in which the posterior walls of the eyeball are strengthened.

Surgical intervention for myopia includes scleroplasty, which is the strengthening of the posterior wall of the eyeball to improve its blood supply and nutrition. Sometimes intraocular lenses are installed, which are placed under the cornea or in the anterior chamber. If the ability to accommodate is lost, the lens is removed and then replaced with an artificial one. You can change the shape of the eyeball and the angle of refraction of light rays using keratotomy or removal of the cornea. This type of operation helps to get rid of myopia, but has a high incidence of postoperative complications.

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Myopia is a type of vision impairment in which a person sees well up close, but blurry at a distance. Hence the second a more common name for this condition: myopia.

Today myopia is considered a disease of civilization. This is not at all surprising, since with the rapid growth of computer technology, the number of cases of myopia is literally growing exponentially.

Statistics say that every third modern person suffers from myopia.

It is noteworthy that myopia most often occurs between the ages of 7 and 18 years. At older ages, it either progresses or remains at the same level.

Interestingly, the very first mention of this visual impairment is found in the works of the ancient philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC). Even then he noticed that people squint and come closer to any object in order to see it. The term "myops" meant squinting the eyes.

To understand the essence of myopia, it is necessary to remember the structure of the accommodative apparatus of the eye.

Anatomical certificate

Cornea and lens- these are the main structures that are involved in the refraction of light and transmission of images to the retina. The lens is suspended on thin ligaments, which are fixed to the ciliary (ciliary) muscle.

When this muscle relaxes, the ligaments tighten, the lens flattens in response and its refractive power decreases. And vice versa: contraction of the ciliary muscle relaxes the ligaments and makes the lens more convex, resulting in an increase in its refractive power. This mechanism is called accommodation. Thanks to it, a healthy person perceives objects equally well both at close and far distances.

Thanks to the lens and accommodation, the image falls on the retina. Light impulses react with light-sensitive cells in the retina and enter the brain, where visual images are formed. For the image to be clear, the image must be projected strictly onto the retina.

The higher the degree of myopia, the shorter the distance from which a person can see well

With myopia (myopia), certain disturbances occur in the accommodation system, as a result of which the image is projected not on the retina, but in front of it. It is for this reason that a person sees objects located at a distance blurry. The higher the degree of myopia, the shorter the distance from which a person can see clearly.

Readers often wonder: “Is myopia a plus or a minus?” The answer is simple: Myopia is a minus. And it is indicated in the doctor’s prescription as: Sph - 1.5D (The value -1.5; -2 or another indicates the optical power of the lens)

Causes of the appearance and development of myopia

Myopia develops due to a violation of accommodative processes. This may happen due to the following reasons:

• Changing the shape of the eye. Under physiological conditions, the eyeball has a round shape. However, under the influence of certain factors (trauma, increased eye pressure, thinning of the sclera), it becomes oval. For this reason, the visual axis lengthens and the image simply does not reach the retina.
• Disturbance in the functioning of the ciliary body and lens ligaments.
• Displacement of the lens as a result of injury;
• Congenital anomalies of eye development.

Predisposing factors:

• Genetic predisposition. Hereditary cases of myopia are most common among females.
• Constant overstrain of the visual analyzer (long-term work at the computer, reading and other activities that require concentration of vision). This is especially true for schoolchildren, students and office workers.
• Failure to comply with the rules of visual hygiene: reading in the wrong lighting, incorrect posture, placing the monitor too close to the eyes, etc.
• Inadequate correction of myopia (incorrect selection of glasses or contact lenses).
• Chronic diseases (for example, rheumatism).
• Disturbance (slowdown) of intraocular blood circulation.
• Wrong diet, which does not contain enough vitamins and microelements.

Types of myopia

Modern science identifies several types of myopia:

• Congenital: quite rare. Caused by intrauterine anomalies in the development of the eye.
• False: caused by a spasm of accommodation. In this case, a spasm (freezing in one position) of the ciliary muscle occurs and, accordingly, the entire accommodative function is disrupted. After using antispasmodics, this phenomenon disappears without a trace.
• Transitional, that is, not constant. It may occur after taking certain medications (for example, sulfonamide antibiotics) or as a result of diseases (diabetes mellitus).

Classification of myopia

Depending on the current:

• Stationary (that is, stable);
• With slow progression (no more than 1.0 diopters per year);
• With rapid progression (more than 1.0 diopters per year).

According to the presence of complications:

• Complicated;
• Uncomplicated.

Depending on the stage of morphological changes:

• Initial;
• Developed;
• Far gone.

Symptoms of myopia

Unfortunately, most people do not immediately notice their vision deterioration. This causes untimely visits to the ophthalmologist and detection of the disease in late stages. Myopia is often discovered during annual preventive examinations.

Visual acuity in most cases decreases gradually. A person may not pay attention to the fact that he needs to squint to see something for a long time.
Over time, a person begins to bring printed text closer and closer to his eyes. In this case, pain often occurs in the eyes, temples or back of the head.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis of myopia is usually not difficult and is based on a vision test using Sivtsev tables. Every ophthalmologist has them in their office.

Additionally, the following research methods can be used:

Treatment of myopia (myopia)

In the absence of timely treatment, myopia can quickly progress or be complicated by retinal diseases (dystrophy, rupture, detachment), hemorrhages into the vitreous cavity, staphyloma (protrusion) of the sclera, and blindness.

Today there are several ways to treat myopia:

• Correction with glasses or contact lenses ();
• Drug treatment;
• Surgical intervention;
• Laser correction;
• Traditional methods.

Correcting myopia with glasses or contact lenses

May deteriorate vision just the wrong glasses.

The purpose of this correction is to correct the focus of the image so that it falls on the retina rather than in front of it.

There is an opinion that glasses further aggravate myopia. This is a fundamentally incorrect judgment, because glasses, on the contrary, do not allow myopia to progress. Only incorrectly selected glasses can worsen your vision.

To correct myopia, glasses that diffuse light are used. During the selection of glasses, the patient is seated at a certain distance from the Sivtsev tables, and negative lenses are placed. If there is an improvement in vision, the diagnosis of myopia is confirmed.

Then they begin to select the necessary lenses. They start with the weakest and gradually move on to the stronger ones. Typically, maximum visual acuity is obtained when looking through multiple lenses. The ophthalmologist writes down the weakest lens in the prescription. If you choose a stronger one, it will cause hypermetropia (the image falls behind the retina) and further deterioration of vision.

Thus, the degree of myopia is characterized by the weakest lens that gives the best visual acuity.

If a person suffers from mild myopia in both eyes, he does not need to constantly wear glasses and uses them as needed (as ophthalmologists say, “for distance”).

Modern people increasingly prefer contact lenses rather than glasses. This is not surprising, because lenses have a number of beneficial advantages:

However, contact lenses require careful handling and daily care. Improper use can lead to infectious and inflammatory eye diseases.

Taking medications

A medicinal course of treatment is recommended for all people with myopia, as this stops its progression, and in some cases can be used as a treatment for myopia without surgery. The following drugs are usually prescribed:

• Calcium gluconate: strengthens the vascular wall and reduces its permeability. Accepted within 10 days.
• Ascorbic acid: increases the elasticity of blood vessels and sclera. Accepted within one month.
• Medicines that help improve blood circulation in the eyes: halidor, picamilon, nigexin, trental, cavinton. Take within one month.
• For retinal lesions, either histochrome can be used.

Surgical intervention

Eye surgery for myopia is a radical method of correcting myopia, which is used in the most difficult cases. Eye surgeons may perform artificial lens transplantation or implantation of an additional lens behind the iris. These operations help restore vision even with myopia of -20 diopters.

Laser correction

Myopia and sports

Until recently, myopia was a contraindication for sports. However, today the significant role of physical education in the prevention of myopia has been proven. As is known, sport has a general strengthening effect on the entire body, including the eyes.

Aerobic exercise (cycling, running, skiing, swimming) has a good effect on the circulatory system and the accommodative function of the eyes. However, this applies to moderate intensity loads, in which the heart rate does not exceed 140 beats per minute. More intense training negatively affects the condition of the ciliary muscle (jumping rope, acrobatic stunts, strength training).

Prevention

To avoid the development of myopia, you must strictly follow the rules of visual hygiene:

In addition, you need to include in your diet as many vegetables and fruits as possible that contain retinol (vitamin A) and ascorbic acid: blueberries, carrots, spinach, bananas, citrus fruits, black currants, sea buckthorn, rowan, etc.

You can read more about the prevention of myopia.

With myopia, difficulties with distance vision are due to the fact that due to excessive refractive refraction, light rays connect on the retina only when viewing close objects. Disproportionate clinical refraction makes it possible to focus only divergent rays. Distance vision also requires combining parallel light streams, which is problematic against the background of hyperrefraction. Thus, distance vision gives a fuzzy, blurry image. Visual acuity with myopia is always less than 1.0.

The reason for the shift of the focus point to the front plane can be two factors:

1. excessive refractive power of the optical media of the eye;
2. increased length of the eye axis.

With normal vision, these two indicators functionally and organically correspond to each other.

When there is too much refraction of light, it is called “refractive” myopia. If vision is impaired due to the elongated axis, they speak of “axial” myopia.

The first degree of myopia is assigned if visual acuity is up to -3 diopters. This disorder, as a rule, does not progress and does not significantly affect the quality of life. It does not carry the risk of possible complications, does not cause pathological changes in the fundus and does not require treatment. Usually it is enough to correct your vision with glasses or contact lenses and undergo regular preventive examinations with an ophthalmologist.

Causes of low myopia

Many studies confirm that the triggering factor for a decrease in visual acuity is increased accommodation. It initially causes false myopia, which turns into true myopia over time.

It has been statistically proven that the hereditary factor has a significant influence here. Myopia of parents is most often passed on to their children to one degree or another. The inherent weakness of the eye structures at a certain moment (when entering school, work loads, under stress) forces the eyes to over-accommodate. This is the first step towards true refractive errors.

Common diseases can also contribute to the development of myopia. Increased intraocular pressure, weakening of the sclera, tension and malnutrition of the visual system can become the background for the development of pathology.

Working conditions and regime, as well as the nature of professional activity, create a certain amount of regular visual load. Here the decisive factors are:

• the location and size of objects with which a person works;
• alternation of work and rest;
• illumination;
• workload with text and at the monitor;
• degree of responsibility and nervous tension.

Weakness of accommodation, combined with prolonged tension in the visual system, leads to compensatory stretching of the ocular axis and increased convergence.

Under certain favorable conditions (if the load on vision does not increase, vision is corrected with glasses, occupational and rest hygiene is observed), first-degree myopia has a stationary (non-progressive) clinical course.

Possible complications of first degree myopia

Since elongation of the ocular axis is an organic pathology, it carries the risk of complications. An elongated eye leads to disorders of the choroid and deterioration of retinal nutrition. Stretched structures of the eye cause trophic changes, including in the fundus.

If myopia of the first degree progresses, then a myopic cone gradually develops on the optic nerve head, which over time grows into a false staphyloma. This formation is a large atrophic focus of the choroid. Surrounding the optic disc, as it develops, false staphyloma reaches the area of ​​the macula. This causes a rapid decline in visual acuity.

If first degree myopia is not controlled and continues to develop, then it is aggravated by dystrophic chorioretinal changes. This leads to retinal tears and detachment.

Against the background of myopia, the development of cataracts is also possible. A sign of clouding of the lens is the presence (against the background of blurry and unclear vision) of stripes, glare and “floaters” before the eyes.

Higher myopia, accompanied by constant convergence tension, loads the medial rectus muscles. Over time, against this background, muscular asthenopia can be diagnosed - visual fatigue, subjectively felt as discomfort in the temporal region, headache, pressure in the eyes.

The listed possible complications develop with moderate and high myopia. However, even at the initial stage of the disease, one should remember the possible risk and try to prevent the progression of the pathology.

Treatment of 1st degree myopia

Myopia of the first degree is completely corrected by diverging lenses. Glasses can not be worn all the time, but put on when necessary (when looking at distant objects, while driving a car, while walking).

In order for the condition to remain stable, it is necessary to observe a work and rest schedule, eat well, not overexert yourself and avoid stressful situations.

For mild myopia, eye exercises are very useful. They not only minimize the risk of complications and further development of the disease, but can also lead to some improvements in vision.

What low myopia is becomes known to people with vision problems. The term refers to a pathology of the retina, when a person sees things in the distance blurry, in a word, myopia, which can be congenital or acquired. In this case, images are recorded in front of the retina, as a result of which they become blurry.

Vision problems that are not hereditary occur for various reasons. The main factors due to which a doctor diagnoses low myopia are:

Frequent eye strain, as well as prolonged work at the computer can lead to myopia.

• spending a long time at the computer or TV;
• overwork of the eye muscles;
• low lighting;
• growth of the eyeball;
• eye pressure.

Patients often experience a spasm of accommodation (false myopia), which disrupts the functioning of the eye muscles. The main reason for this condition is eye fatigue. If a spasm is detected, treatment occurs in the ophthalmologist’s office by training the eye muscles with specialized devices.

Vision is measured using a special table, the values ​​of which can be from 0.1 to 5.0, with full eye health. Based on the results of a test that people take in a doctor's office, a conclusion is drawn when counting the lines read.

Visual acuity is not always associated with myopia; there are cases when a person’s vision is minus 1, and the acuity is 0.1, and sometimes with minus 5, the acuity is 0.6, which means the patient sees 6 lines on the poster.

To prescribe the correct treatment, the doctor must know the nature and degree of myopathy. According to statistics, mild myopia is observed in 20% of schoolchildren and 40% of students.

Types and degrees

The disease can take the following forms:

1. Transient: may occur due to swelling of the lens of the eye, which occurs against the background of diabetes mellitus, the initial stage of cataracts, taking certain medications and pregnancy. As a rule, the duration of visual impairment does not last more than 1 month.
2. Stationary: does not develop, it can be corrected by wearing glasses or contacts.
3. Progressive: the course of this form increases by 1D (diopter) or more per year. If left untreated, a person may go blind.

The degree of the disease is divided into weak (up to 3.0 D), medium (from 3.25 to 6 D) and high (from 6 D), myopia 15, 20, 30 and more are considered very high.

With myopia of the 1st degree, during childbirth, from overexertion, the retina of the eye may detach. Be sure to consult your doctor.

Stage 1 myopia during pregnancy can lead to retinal detachment or hemorrhage during childbirth. If a woman has undergone eye surgery during pregnancy, this may be an indicator for a caesarean section.

Vision correction methods

Mild myopia, the treatment of which involves taking medications, requires additional recovery methods. The main purpose of medications is to nourish the eyes.

One of the common ways to help correct visual acuity is wearing glasses. A mild form of the disease rarely requires wearing them, however, they may be recommended. This method does not suit everyone, and the reason is not only the inconvenience of wearing them. Glasses disrupt spatial perception by limiting peripheral vision, which prevents drivers from assessing the situation on the road.

Glasses - a traditional method of vision correction

Lenses

The next method of treating mild myopia is to wear lenses, which have a number of advantages over the first and their own disadvantages. The lenses can be worn by athletes and people who do not like wearing glasses. Getting used to a foreign object in the eye is not easy, and there is an increased risk of infection. People are not recommended to wear them during colds.

Laser

Mild myopia in both eyes or one can be treated with laser surgery. The procedure is prescribed in cases where the patient presented late, especially if he has a progressive stage.

Folk recipes

Alternative medicine is based on the consumption of healthy foods and herbs. The effectiveness of the methods has not been clinically proven, but many doctors themselves advise using them in complex treatment.

Blueberry

For cooking use 2 tbsp. tablespoons of dried blueberry leaves and berries, as well as licorice root. The mixture is brewed in 500 ml of hot water and infused in a thermos. The dose should be divided into 4 times and drunk throughout the day.

Blueberries are often used to prevent visual acuity

Effective eye drops are made from blueberries. To do this, the juice of the berries is diluted in a 1:2 ratio with water, mixed and instilled in 5 drops, mainly in the morning.

Herbal tincture

Calamus roots and calendula flowers are poured into 500 ml of vodka and infused for 12 days. The resulting liquid is filtered and consumed half an hour before meals, in the amount of 1 teaspoon 3 times a day. The duration of the course can be up to 12 months.

Gymnastics for the eyes

First degree myopia provides additional treatment methods in the form of special exercises that help relieve tension in the eye muscles and promote recovery.

1. For the first exercise, you need to draw the number 8 in the air with your eyes, do it 5 times in one direction and the other. Drive slowly, there is no need to make sudden movements.
2. Standing near the window, you need to focus your gaze for a few seconds, first on the glass, then look into the distance. Perform 10–15 times.
3. This method involves stretching your arm forward, then moving it to the side, you need to follow its movement by turning your head. Repeat several times and change sides.
4. For the next exercise, you need to take a pencil and move it in different directions while moving your eyes.

There are many similar methods of gymnastics, the main thing is to repeat the movements regularly.

Do eye exercises daily

Prevention

Prevention measures should be applied to children and adults. In order to reduce the risk of disease, preventive measures for children should begin from birth and are always applied, they include:

• use books only with clear and large pictures, the distance between the eyes and the text should be at least 30 cm;
• installing bright lighting indoors;
• monitoring your posture while writing; you cannot sit with your head close to the paper;
• It is important to monitor proper nutrition; vitamins A, C, calcium and carotene are beneficial for vision.

A child over 3 years old is limited to watching TV for up to 30 minutes at a distance of at least 3 display diagonals

To preserve the eyesight of adults, it is necessary:

• exclude reading books while lying on your side and in moving vehicles;
• It is better to install fluorescent lamps in the house, especially if you often read or write;
• It is not recommended to watch TV without light;
• You need to position the computer monitor just above eye level and make the settings: the font is at least 14 at 100% scale, the contrast should be bright;

Continuous work at the computer should not exceed 40 minutes for a healthy person, then the eyes should be given 5 minutes of rest, people with myopia should reduce the work time depending on the degree, this means that the rest time should also be reduced.

For prevention purposes, ophthalmologists recommend engaging in certain sports: swimming, running, fitness, cycling. Exercises involving heavy lifting, on the contrary, aggravate the situation for patients with myopia. The risk of complications is high for those whose activities involve regular head shaking: martial arts, diving, etc.

Dec 22, 2016 Doc

Myopia or myopia is an eye disease in which a person sees well up close, but has difficulty seeing distant objects. According to statistics, 80% of the population of our planet suffers from various forms of myopia. The main part is due to a weak degree of myopia in one or both eyes. Without appropriate treatment, myopia can progress, causing a person to see worse and worse in the distance.

For some time, weak myopia can still be compensated by the functioning of the accommodation apparatus, which adapts the lens for normal distance and near vision. But over time, its compensatory lenses exhaust their ability to refract light rays and complications begin to develop, which ultimately lead to complete loss of vision.

A little about the disease

Myopia develops due to various anomalies in the structure of the eyeball or due to a violation of its ability to refract light rays. As a result, images of distant objects are focused not on the retina, as in a healthy person, but in front of it. This is why they are perceived as vague.

Mild myopia is defined by ophthalmologists as a range from -0.25 to -3 diopters. At this stage, glasses are not needed for constant wearing; a person needs them only during hard work associated with constant looking into the distance. A person's near vision is normal, but distant objects are seen in a blurry form, so they have to constantly strain their eyes. Every millimeter of growth in the eyeball increases the degree of myopia by -3 diopters.

Types of disease

Although the mild degree is initial, it can progress quite quickly. Often the disease actively develops in childhood. In turn, the weak degree is divided into several types.

Based on the nature of the course, the following forms are distinguished:

• stationary, in which myopia does not pass into another stage, but remains stable;
• progressive. Mild myopia progresses by one or more diopters per year;
• transient. Caused by taking certain medications or concomitant diseases;
• twilight A person sees poorly into the distance only after dark;
• malignant. A rapidly progressing form that can reduce vision by more than 20 diopters in a short time.

According to the development mechanism, a weak degree of myopia occurs:

1. Axial. Develops due to enlargement of the eyeball.
2. Refractive. It is caused by severe refraction as a result of a thickening or thickening of the eye lens (lens);
3. Mixed. It occurs due to the simultaneous influence of these two mechanisms.

According to the cause, the disease is divided into true and false. False myopia of the first degree or is a consequence of spasm of the eye muscles. Once the spasm is eliminated, vision is restored.

True myopia is caused by more serious reasons, the elimination of which takes much longer and the process is not always completed successfully.

Causes of low myopia

Mild myopia develops for various reasons, and depends on many, having a significant impact on vision.

You should know that this is a disease, the most common cause of which is heredity. If one of the parents has myopia, children will develop it in 25% of cases. If both mom and dad have myopia at the same time, the child will develop it in 50% of cases. Hereditary myopia manifests itself under the influence of negative factors and students. The disease progresses until the age of 18, then remains unchanged until the age of 40-45.

Another reason is a weak accommodative apparatus, which causes rapid elongation of the eyeball.

It is affected by constant work at the computer or with small details, eye strain at school when reading and writing without rest.

Symptoms

At first, mild myopia does not manifest itself much. But as vision deteriorates below one and a half diopters, discomfort begins to appear when viewing distant objects.

Symptoms indicating low myopia are as follows:

• constant eye fatigue;
• you have to squint to look at distant objects;
• when reading or writing, there is a desire to bend over or get closer to the object in question;
• feeling of sand in the eyes after prolonged strain;
• dryness and redness of the organs of vision.

The presence of one or more signs for a long time is a reason to visit an ophthalmologist.

Features in childhood

Myopia in children can actively develop, reaching a high degree. The reason is that until adulthood, a teenager’s eyeball continues to lengthen, which means that any visual stress contributes to rapid growth. For children and adolescents in educational institutions, it is recommended to conduct preventive ophthalmological examinations with vision tests using tables several times a day.

Diagnostics

To identify myopia, contact an ophthalmologist who conducts a visual examination and other diagnostic measures.

Before treating mild myopia, a number of diagnostic techniques are performed. They are reflected in the table.

Method of diagnosis.	Description.
Visometry.	Vision test according to the table.
Ophthalmoscopy.	Fundus examination.
Tonography.	Checking the outflow of intraocular fluid.
Perimetry.	Determination of visual fields.
Ophthalmometry.	Determination of the optical power of the corneal layer of the eye.
Skiascopy.	Study of shadow movement in the pupil area.
Refractometry.	Testing the eye's ability to reflect light rays.
Tonometry.	Determination of intraocular pressure.
Ultrasonography.	Determining the length of the eyeball to determine possible pathology.

If after research it turns out that a person actually has a diagnosis of “low myopia,” then appropriate treatment is prescribed.

Treatment

Is it possible to cure low myopia? Mild stage myopia can be corrected very well. eliminated by relieving the spasm of accommodation.

Treatment of true myopia is carried out optically and surgically. In childhood, Sidorenko glasses are often prescribed. Select glasses with diverging lenses, with which you can shift the focus so that it falls on the retina.

For mild myopia, they are necessary only when viewing distant objects. Glasses are made individually for each person after a thorough diagnosis, taking into account the distance between the pupils, the degree of myopia in both eyes or in one and other important parameters.

Important! Under no circumstances should you select and buy corrective glasses on your own without consulting a doctor. Wearing them will only harm your eyes, and myopia will progress.

Drug therapy is indicated for false myopia. Special medications (drops) are prescribed that relieve spasm of accommodation, which leads to the restoration of normal vision. Drops are prescribed if there is no progress of myopic processes, in the absence of the need for optical correction and other methods of treatment. Irifrin, Taufon, Ujala are often prescribed.

There are no medications to treat true myopia. Only vitamin complexes are used, which contain vitamins important for the eyes (retinol, riboflavin, pyridoxine, lutein).

Hardware correction techniques help well:

1. Electrophoresis. Relieves eye tension, lowers intraocular pressure.
2. Laser stimulator. Improves vision, eliminates eye fatigue.
3. Color magnetic stimulator. Promotes the functioning of the optic nerve, eliminates eye spasms.

It helps a lot too. The most effective exercises are considered to be intensive blinking for a couple of minutes, drawing a figure eight or a diamond with your eyes, moving your eyes up and down, left and right, vertically and horizontally.

When performing such gymnastics daily, the eye muscles relax, hypertonicity is eliminated, microcirculation in the vessels improves, metabolism is normalized, and degenerative processes are inhibited.

Absolute elimination of myopia is achieved by surgery - scleroplasty. It is carried out only with rapid progression of the disease. The most popular procedure is laser vision correction, in which myopia is corrected with a laser beam in 15 minutes.

Traditional medicine for mild myopia

Traditional methods of treatment for stage 1 myopia can be considered as additional measures to maintain eye health. It includes taking decoctions, infusions, and teas. You can take blueberries daily in all forms (frozen, fresh, in the form of fruit drink), tea from currant berries and leaves of this plant, infusion or syrup of rose hips.

Common nettle helps a lot. Its leaves in the amount of 50 grams are poured with a liter of boiling water and infused for 4 hours. Strain and consume 2 tablespoons before meals in the morning and evening.

All of the above natural medicines contain large amounts of vitamin C, as well as various micro and macroelements necessary for the eyes.

Initial myopia during pregnancy

Pregnant women with stage 1 myopia should regularly visit an ophthalmologist. Usually, a mild degree of the disease during pregnancy does not pose a threat to the mother and baby, but if pathological changes are detected in the fundus, the question is raised about the advisability of a cesarean section.

During childbirth, a woman has to strain a lot, including the eye muscles, which can lead to detachment or rupture of the retina. There is a high risk of deterioration or even complete loss of vision. Carrying out a cesarean section eliminates pushing during childbirth and, accordingly, avoids complications from the visual organs.

Sports and myopia

A low degree of myopia is a reason to correct your lifestyle. If you neglect these rules, the disease will progress very quickly.

A person with myopia should not engage in strenuous sports such as bodybuilding, weightlifting, powerlifting, boxing, hockey, and wrestling. If you do not pay attention to these recommendations, myopia will progress.

Prevention

To maintain clear and clear vision, it is important to follow preventive rules, which include strengthening the visual organs and correct distribution of visual load. They boil down to the following:

• regular exercises for the visual organs;
• exclusion of reading while lying down or in a moving vehicle;
• When working at a computer or watching TV, take a break to rest your eyes for 5-15 minutes every 40 minutes.

Contraindications

It should be remembered that weak myopia of the right and left eyes is a disease prone to progression. Myopic people are not recommended to stay in very hot rooms (baths, saunas) for a long time. But extreme cold should also be avoided.

You should also think about choosing a profession. It should not be associated with visual overload. When engaging in physical exercise, you need to monitor your heart rate (it should not exceed 150 beats per minute).