home Audience 1 Nicotinic acid – replenishes the body with vitamin PP. Vitamin PP (niacin) All about niacin

Nicotinic acid – replenishes the body with vitamin PP. Vitamin PP (niacin) All about niacin

Nicotinic acid is a vitamin medicine. Most often this substance is referred to as vitamin B3 or PP. The therapeutic use of the drug helps to improve metabolic processes, restore normal blood circulation and radically reduce the level of lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol. Nicotinic acid plays one of the most important roles in the prevention of a number of pathologies of the cardiovascular system. This substance also has a strong detoxifying effect. Due to the presence of a number of serious contraindications to the use of the medication, it is necessary to take nicotinic acid only as prescribed by the attending physician or other medical specialist.

Dosage form

Vitamin PP or nicotinic acid is available in several dosage forms:

white crystalline powder without a distinct odor with a slightly sour taste;
pills;
ampoules with solution for parenteral administration.

Each form of the drug has certain characteristics of therapeutic action, which makes it possible to use nicotinic acid against a wide range of diseases.

Description and composition

Nicotinic acid is a preparation of vitamin nature. The active component of the drug is 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid. The pharmacological action and structure of the substance are comparable to nicotinamide.

Composition per ampoule:

3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (nicotinic acid) – 10 mg;
auxiliary elements: sodium bicarbonate, water for injection.

Composition per tablet:

3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (nicotinic acid) – 50 mg;
auxiliary elements: stearic acid, glucose.

Pharmacological group

Nicotinic or 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid belongs to the group of vitamin metabolism regulators. Most often this substance is called vitamin PP or B3. When ingested, nicotinic acid takes on the form of nicotinamide, which takes part in the metabolism of proteins and fats, and also promotes tissue respiration and the conversion of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis). Taking therapeutic doses of the drug helps reduce the concentration of low-density lipoproteins, cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood plasma. In parallel, when nicotinic acid is consumed, an increase in high-density lipoproteins is observed. Has an antiatherosclerotic effect.

This medication effectively eliminates the symptoms and consequences of intoxication of the body (including after excessive consumption of alcohol or medications).

The product has a specific antipellargic effect, which consists in replenishing the deficiency of vitamin PP. Nicotinic acid also helps improve blood microcirculation in small vessels due to their expansion. It is a weak anticoagulant and reduces the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone.

After a few days of taking the medicine, a significant decrease in cholesterol levels in the blood is observed.

Indications

Medicinal products in which nicotinic acid is the active component have a fairly wide range of therapeutic applications. The substance can be used both as a medicine and for the treatment of a number of pathologies.

for adults

The main indications for which nicotinic acid is prescribed for therapy are the following conditions:

atherosclerosis;
vitamin PP deficiency (pellagra);
ischemic cerebral stroke;
circulatory disorders in the lower extremities;
osteocondritis of the spine;
haemorrhoids;
liver dysfunction;
various types of poisoning;
deterioration of visual perception;
lactose intolerance;
obesity;
ulcers on the legs of a trophic nature.

Preventive intake of nicotinic acid has the following goals:

reducing the likelihood of cancer formation;
elimination of hemorrhoid symptoms;
improvement of visual acuity;
losing weight by accelerating lipid metabolism;
increased brain activity.

for children

Nicotinic acid tablets can be used as a preventive and medicinal product for children of all ages. However, taking the medication must be accompanied by the supervision of the attending physician due to the lack of reliable information about the safety of use. The injection form of the medication is not recommended.

The range of pathologies for which it is advisable to use nicotinic acid in children coincides with the indications for adult patients.

The use of nicotinic acid during pregnancy and breastfeeding is recommended with extreme caution and only under the strict supervision of a specialist. The therapeutic use of 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid is justified only when the probable benefit to the woman outweighs the danger.

Contraindications

Despite the fairly wide range of medicinal effects, taking nicotinic acid is completely contraindicated for some patients. The main conditions in which the use of the drug is prohibited are:

ulcerative lesions of the duodenum or stomach in the acute stage;
gout;
severe form of arterial hypertension;
liver failure and other functional disorders of the liver;
hypersensitivity or absolute intolerance to the elements of the medication;
pathologically high concentration of uric acid in the blood plasma (hyperuricemia);
atherosclerosis in severe form (the use of intravenous injections of nicotinic acid is prohibited).

Caution should be exercised in conditions such as:

gastritis with high acidity;
glaucoma;
hepatitis;
hemorrhagic syndrome;
cirrhosis of the liver;
period of pregnancy and breastfeeding;
ulcerative lesions of the duodenum or stomach in remission.

Applications and dosages

The dosage and regimen of therapeutic and prophylactic use of nicotinic acid is determined exclusively by a specialist. To do this, it is necessary to know the nature of the pathology and the current state of the patient’s body. Self-use of the drug can worsen the disease and increase the risk of complications.

For parenteral injections, 1%, 2.5% or 5% solutions of the drug are used.

Nicotinic acid in tablet form should be taken after meals with a sufficient amount of clean water.

for adults

When treating vitamin PP deficiency (pellagra), intravenous (50 mg) or intramuscular (100 mg) administration of nicotinic acid is recommended 1-2 times a day. The treatment period can range from ten to fifteen days.

For the treatment of ischemic stroke, the solution is administered intravenously at 100–500 mg.

In all other cases, as well as when treating children under 18 years of age, it is recommended to use only the tablet form of the medicine.

Preventive intake of nicotinic acid tablets for pellagra is 12.5–25 mg per day. Therapeutic dose – 100 mg three or four times a day for 14–20 days.

For the treatment of atherosclerosis, high dosages of the drug are prescribed, ranging from 2000 to 3000 mg per day.

In the case of prevention of pathologies of the cardiovascular system, the use of 500–1000 mg of medication per day is justified.

For the treatment of other diseases, an individual dosage is calculated.

for children

Children are allowed to use only the tablet form of nicotinic acid.

The dosage of the drug for other diseases is determined exclusively by the pediatrician.

for pregnant women and during lactation

Side effects

The most common side effects after consuming niacin are:

intestinal disorder;
flatulence;
nausea and seizures;
dizziness;
belching and heartburn;
hypotension;
liver dysfunction;
decreased glucose tolerance;
ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa;
skin rashes and itching;
feeling of powerlessness (asthenia);
fatty liver;
increased levels of glucose and uric acid in the blood;
arrhythmia;
redness and tingling of the skin of the face and neck.

Interaction with other drugs

The drug enhances the effects of antihypertensive medications and anticoagulants.

Nicotinic acid reduces the toxic effects of neomycin.

special instructions

With long-term use of the drug, it is necessary to monitor the functioning of the liver. To reduce the risk of developing ulcerative lesions of the stomach or duodenum, it is recommended to take nicotinic acid tablets with milk.

Nicotinic acid does not affect reaction speed, adequate perception of reality and the quality of cognitive functions, therefore, throughout the entire course of use, it is allowed to drive vehicles, engage in dangerous sports and work with precise and unsafe mechanical devices.

Overdose

An overdose of nicotinic acid is characterized by increased side effects. If you notice negative effects after taking a high dose of medication, contact a medical facility.

Storage conditions

The medication should be stored in a dry, dark place at a temperature of 20 to 25 degrees. Keep children away from this medicine.

Shelf life – 4 years.

Analogues

Instead of nicotinic acid, you can use the following medications:

Enduracin contains nicotinic acid as an active component. It is produced in long-acting tablets, which are contraindicated for minors, pregnant and lactating women.
Velmen is a vitamin and mineral complex that contains nicotinic acid. It is produced in capsules, which can only be drunk by persons over 18 years of age.
Gitagamp - domestic multivitamins containing nicotinic acid. It is produced in capsules, which are not suitable for children, pregnant patients, or during lactation.
Pregnakea is a vitamin and mineral complex that is produced in capsules. They are recommended for women planning to conceive, carrying a child and breastfeeding.

Drug price

The cost of the medicine is on average 39 rubles. Prices range from 11 to 191 rubles.

Manufacturer: LLC "Pharmaceutical Company "Zdorovye" Ukraine

PBX code: A11H A

Farm group:

Release form: Liquid dosage forms. Injection.

General characteristics. Compound:

International and chemical names: nicotinic acid; pyridine-3-carboxylic acid;basic physical and chemical properties: clear colorless liquid;composition: 1 ml contains nicotinic acid 100 mg;Excipients: sodium bicarbonate, water for injection.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. A drug that replenishes the deficiency of nicotinic acid (vitamin PP, B3); exhibits vasodilating, hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects.
Nicotinic acid and its amide (nicotinamide) are a component of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which play an essential role in the normal functioning of the body. NAD and NADP are compounds that carry out redox processes, tissue respiration, carbohydrate metabolism, regulate the synthesis of proteins and lipids, and the breakdown of glycogen; NADP is also involved in phosphate transport.
The drug is a specific antipellargic agent (insufficiency of nicotinic acid in humans leads to the development).
It has a vasodilating effect (short-term), including on the vessels of the brain, improves microcirculation, increases fibrinolytic activity of the blood and reduces platelet aggregation (reduces the formation of thromboxane A2).
Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, reduces the rate of synthesis of very low density lipoproteins. Normalizes blood lipid composition: reduces the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, increases the content of high-density lipoproteins; has an antiatherogenic effect.
Has detoxifying properties. Shows effectiveness in Hartnup disease - a hereditary disorder of tryptophan metabolism, accompanied by a deficiency in the synthesis of nicotinic acid.
Nicotinic acid has a positive effect on duodenal and enterocolitis, sluggishly healing wounds and ulcers, liver and heart diseases; has a moderate hypoglycemic effect.
Promotes the transition of the trans-form of retinol to the cis-form used in the synthesis of rhodopsin. Promotes the release of histamine from the depot and activation of the kinin system.

Pharmacokinetics. Metabolized in the liver by amidation followed by the formation of nicotinamide mononucleotide, a precursor to NAD. Further phosphorylation of NAD produces NADP. NAD and NADP are distributed unevenly in the body: most of all in the liver (storing organ), then in the brain, heart muscle, kidneys, skeletal muscles and in the blood (erythrocytes). Passes into breast milk.
The final biotransformation occurs in the liver with the formation of N-methylnicotinamide, methylpyridonecarboxamides, glucuronide and a complex with glycine. Excreted by the kidneys.

Indications for use:

Treatment and prevention of pellagra (vitaminosis RR); as part of complex therapy: vascular spasms (brain, kidneys, limbs), hypoacid, facial nerve, infectious diseases, long-term non-healing ulcers and wounds of various locations and origins.

Important! Get to know the treatment

Directions for use and dosage:

Prescribed to adults intravenously (slowly), intramuscularly and subcutaneously (intramuscular and subcutaneous injections are painful).
Pellagra. Prescribed intravenously or intramuscularly at 10 mg (1 ml) 1 - 2 times a day. The course of treatment is 10 - 15 days.
Ischemic stroke. 10 mg (1 ml) is administered intravenously (slowly).
Other indications. Prescribed subcutaneously or intramuscularly at 10 mg (1 ml) 1 time per day for 10 - 15 days. It is possible to add to the infusion solution: 10 mg (1 ml) of nicotinic acid per 100 - 200 ml of infusion solution.
Higher doses for intravenous administration: single - 100 mg (10 ml), daily - 300 mg (30 ml).

Features of application:

Since long-term use of the drug can lead to fat gain, to prevent it, patients include foods rich in methionine in their diet or prescribe methionine and other lipotropic drugs.
During treatment with the drug (especially in large doses), it is necessary to monitor liver function.
In case of hypersensitivity to the drug (except for use as a vasodilator), nicotinamide must be prescribed.
Daily requirement for nicotinic acid (and nicotinamide): for adult men - 16 - 28 mg, for women - 16 mg, for pregnant women - 18 mg, for nursing mothers - 21 mg, for children and adolescents depending on age - 5 - 20 mg.
Use during pregnancy and lactation. The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy. During pregnancy, the drug is prescribed only for health reasons if the expected effect of therapy for the mother exceeds the potential risk for the fetus. If use is necessary during lactation, breastfeeding should be discontinued.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and machinery. During the treatment period, you should refrain from driving vehicles and engaging in potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Side effects:

From the cardiovascular system: hyperemia of the skin of the face and upper half of the body with a feeling of tingling and burning; with rapid intravenous administration - a significant decrease in blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension. From the central and peripheral nervous system, sensory organs: , . From the digestive system: with long-term use - fatty liver, increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase. From the side of metabolism: with long-term use - decreased glucose tolerance. Local reactions: pain at the site of subcutaneous and intramuscular injections. Other: allergic reactions (with intravenous administration).

Interaction with other drugs:

Pharmaceutical incompatibility. Do not mix with thiamine chloride solution (thiamine is destroyed).
Potentiates the effect of fibrinolytic agents, antispasmodics and cardiac glycosides, enhances the toxic hepatotropic effect of alcohol.
Caution must be exercised when combined with antihypertensive drugs (possible increased hypotensive effect), anticoagulants, acetylsalicylic acid (due to the risk of hemorrhage).
Reduces the toxicity of neomycin and prevents the decrease in the concentration of cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins induced by it. Reduces the toxic effect of barbiturates, anti-tuberculosis drugs, sulfonamides.
Oral contraceptives and isoniazid slow the conversion of tryptophan to niacin and thus may increase the need for niacin.
Antibiotics may increase hyperemia caused by nicotinic acid. Symptoms: increased side effects from the cardiovascular system - dizziness, a feeling of a rush of blood to the head. Treatment: drug withdrawal, detoxification therapy, symptomatic treatment. There is no specific antidote.

Storage conditions:

Store in a place protected from light at temperatures from 8°C to 25°C. Keep out of the reach of children.
Shelf life - 5 years

Vacation conditions:

On prescription

Package:

Injection solution 1%, 1 ml in ampoules No. 10 in a folding blister with a latch in a box, No. 10 in a box.

A nicotinic acid

International nonproprietary name

A nicotinic acid

Dosage form

Solution for injection 1%, 1 ml

Compound

1 ml of solution contains

active substance - nicotinic acid 10 mg,

Excipients: sodium bicarbonate, water for injection.

Description

Transparent, colorless liquid.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Lipid-lowering drugs. Hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic drugs. Nicotinic acid and its derivatives . A nicotinic acid.

Code АТХC10AD02

pharmachologic effect

Pharmacokinetics

Nicotinic acid is rapidly absorbed when administered parenterally. Evenly distributed throughout organs and tissues. Inactivated mainly by methylation and less by conjugation. Partially biotransformed in the liver with the formation of N-methylnicotinamide, methylpyridonecarboxamides, glucuronide and a complex with glycine. The half-life (T1/2) is 45 minutes. It is excreted from the body by the kidneys in unchanged form and in the form of metabolites. Renal clearance depends on the concentration of nicotinic acid in the blood plasma and may decrease at high plasma concentrations. Pharmacodynamics

The structure of nicotinic acid is close to nicotinamide. Nicotinic acid and its amide play a significant role in the life of the body: they are prosthetic groups of enzymes - codehydrase I (diphosphopyridine nucleotide - NAD) and codehydrase II (triphosphopyridine nucleotide - NADP), which are hydrogen carriers and carry out redox processes. Codehydrase II is also involved in phosphate transport.

Nicotinic acid replenishes the deficiency of vitamin PP and has a vasodilating effect. Participates in the regulation of tissue respiration, fat metabolism, reduces total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (especially triglycerides).

Indications for use

prevention and treatment of pellagra (vitaminosis RR)

As part of complex therapy: vascular spasm of the extremities (obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud's disease), neuritis of the facial nerve, ischemic cerebrovascular accidents

Directions for use and doses

Nicotinic acid is administered to adults subcutaneously, intramuscularly or slowly intravenously.

For intravenous jet administration a single dose of the drug is diluted in 10 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, administered no less than 5 minutes (no faster than 2 mg of nicotinic acid in 1 minute).

For intravenous drip administration a single dose of the drug is diluted in 100-200 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, the rate of administration is 30-40 drops per minute.

Subcutaneous and intramuscular injections are painful.

For pellagra, a 1% solution of 1 ml is administered intravenously or intramuscularly 1-2 times a day for 10-15 days.

In case of ischemic cerebrovascular accident, 1 ml of 1% solution is administered intravenously (slowly).

For other indications prescribed subcutaneously or intramuscularly at 10 mg (1 ml) 1 time per day for 10-15 days. It is possible to add to the infusion solution: 10 mg (1 ml) of nicotinic acid per 100-200 ml of infusion solution.

Higher doses for intravenous administration: single - 100 mg (10 ml), daily - 300 mg (30 ml).

Side effects

Hyperemia of the face and upper half of the body with a sensation

tingling and burning (in people with hypersensitivity)

Hives, skin rash, itching

Dizziness, feeling of a rush of blood to the head, headache

Orthostatic hypotension, collapse (with rapid intravenous administration)

With long-term use of large doses

- dry skin, exfoliative dermatitis

paresthesia

hyperuricemia

hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis

decreased glucose tolerance

hyperglycemia

transient increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity,

lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase

- asthenia

- pain at the site of subcutaneous and intramuscular injections.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to nicotinic acid

Severe forms of arterial hypertension

Atherosclerosis (for intravenous injections)

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (at the stage

exacerbation)

Severe liver dysfunction: hepatitis, liver cirrhosis

Recent myocardial infarction

Decompensated diabetes mellitus

Gout and hyperuricemia

Pregnancy, lactation period

Children under 18 years of age

Drug interactions

Oral contraceptives and isoniazid reduce the conversion of tryptophan to niacin and thus may increase the need for niacin.

Nicotinic acid reduces effectiveness and toxicity barbiturates, antituberculosis drugs, sulfonamides. When used together with sulfonylurea drugs, it can increase blood glucose levels. Nicotinic acid also reduces the toxicity of neomycin and prevents the decrease in the concentration of cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins induced by it.

Antibiotics may increase skin redness caused by nicotinic acid.

Acetylsalicylic acid reduces the effect of skin redness that occurs under the influence of nicotinic acid.

Lovastatin, pravastatin Due to the increased risk of adverse reactions, it is not recommended to combine it with nicotinic acid.

Caution must be exercised when combined with antihypertensive drugs(possible increased hypotensive effect), anticoagulants, acetylsalicylic acid(due to the risk of developing hemorrhages).

The drug potentiates the effect fibrinolytic agents, antispasmodics and cardiac glycosides, toxic effects of alcohol on the liver.

Do not mix with thiamine chloride solution (thiamine is destroyed).

special instructions

Before using the drug, you should consult your doctor.

Since long-term use can lead to fatty liver disease, to prevent the latter, patients’ diets include foods rich in methionine or prescribe methionine and lipoic acid. During treatment it is necessary to monitor liver function. If hypersensitivity to the drug occurs (except when used as a vasodilator), it can be replaced with nicotinamide.

Carefully the drug is used for hyperacid gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers (outside the acute stage).

The use of the drug may lead to an increase in the need for insulin in patients with diabetes. It is not advisable to use for the correction of dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

It is necessary to regularly monitor glucose due to a possible decrease in glucose tolerance, as well as serum uric acid levels due to a possible increase as a result of long-term therapy.

Carefully prescribed for glaucoma, bleeding, arterial hypotension, impaired liver and kidney function, liver diseases and a history of impaired liver function, diabetes mellitus, heart rhythm disturbances, migraines, alcohol abuse.

Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms

Considering the side effects of the drug, caution should be exercised when driving vehicles and moving machinery.

Overdose

Symptoms: increased side effects from the cardiovascular system - arterial hypotension, headache, possible loss of consciousness, dizziness, a feeling of a rush of blood to the head.

Treatment: drug withdrawal, detoxification therapy, symptomatic treatment. There is no specific antidote.

Release form and packaging

1 ml in neutral glass ampoules for syringe filling or imported, or sterile ampoules for syringe filling imported, with a break point or break ring.

A label made of label or writing paper is affixed to each ampoule.

5 or 10 ampoules are packed in blister packs made of polyvinyl chloride film and aluminum or imported foil.

Outline packages are placed in boxes made of cardboard or corrugated cardboard.

Approved instructions for medical use in the state and Russian languages are placed in group packaging with contour packaging. The number of instructions is calculated according to the number of boxes or packages.

Storage conditions

Store in a place protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 30°C.

Keep out of the reach of children!

Shelf life

Do not use after expiration date.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

On prescription

Manufacturer

Registration Certificate Holder

JSC "Khimpharm", Republic of Kazakhstan

Address of the organization that accepts claims from consumers regarding the quality of products (products) on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

JSC "Khimpharm", Republic of Kazakhstan

Shymkent, st. Rashidova, 81

Phone number 7252 (561342)

Fax number 7252 (561342)

E-mail address [email protected]

Nicotinic acid tablets have a complex effect on the body. The drug improves skin condition, promotes weight loss and allows you to get rid of.

International nonproprietary name

In Latin the name of the drug is Nicotinic Acid.

ATX and registration number

ATX and registration number: C10AD02

Pharmacotherapeutic group

For impaired renal function

Use with caution after consulting a doctor.

Side effects of Nicotinic acid

When taking the drug, the following reactions from the body may occur:

dizziness;
redness of the facial skin;
liver dystrophy;
decreased glucose tolerance;
allergic reactions.

Effect on driving

Nicotinic acid does not have a negative effect on concentration.

Overdose

If the permissible doses are exceeded, a rush of heat to the head may be felt, as well as allergic reactions and abdominal pain.

Drug interactions

salicylates;
anticoagulants;
antihypertensive drugs.

Alcohol compatibility

When taking nicotinic acid and alcohol simultaneously, no adverse reactions occur.

The active substance of the drug neutralizes the toxic effects of ethyl alcohol on the body.

When taking medication and alcohol simultaneously, no adverse reactions occur.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

The tablets are available with a prescription.

Price

The price of nicotinic acid varies from 30 to 50 rubles.

The benefits of nicotinic acid

Storage conditions

Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) is one of the most necessary vitamins for humans. This vitamin is especially useful for smokers who have impaired nervous system function. If there is not enough vitamin PP in a person’s body, he can be aggressive, irritable, he rushes in all directions and cannot make decisions calmly. This is probably why doctors dubbed nicotinic acid the vitamin of calm. When smokers stop getting niacin from cigarettes for a short period of time, they become very irritable. This creates the need for a cigarette.

The benefits of nicotinic acid (vitamin PP)

All vitamins help the body convert carbohydrates from foods into an energy source (glucose), and niacin is no exception. It is part of a complex of vitamins necessary for healthy skin, hair, eyes and good liver function. Vitamin PP also helps the nervous system remain strong and efficient.

Nicotinic acid also helps the body - attention! – reduce the effects of stress. It inhibits the production of hormones that are produced by the adrenal glands during stress, and also helps improve blood circulation.

Scientific research has shown that niacin may improve the symptoms of arthritis, including increasing joint mobility and reducing the negative effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Studies over the past few years show that people who were recommended by their doctor to take higher levels of niacin had a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

Another study found that people who received adequate doses of niacin from foods and supplements had a reduced risk of developing cataracts.

Scientific research is currently underway to prove that the use of nicotinic acid can reduce the risk of serious diseases such as migraines, dizziness, depression, alcohol addiction and tobacco smoking.

Requirement for vitamin PP

The daily dose of vitamin PP is small - for men it ranges from up to 28 mg, and for women - up to 20 mg.

Forms of vitamin PP

A person who takes niacin should know that it exists in two forms: niacin and niacinomide. If niacin is used in combination with vitamin C, a person will be able to tolerate colds much easier. This is a good remedy for boosting immunity. The good thing about niacin is that it cannot be destroyed by cooking or drying, so a person can consume processed foods that are sources of niacin.

Contraindications

People with liver disease, kidney disease, or stomach ulcers should not take niacin supplements. Those with diabetes or gallbladder disease should only do this under close medical supervision.

Stop taking niacin at least two weeks before your scheduled surgery.

Niacin and niacinamide can aggravate allergies due to an increase in histamine in the body.

People with low blood pressure should not take niacin or niacinamide because it causes a decrease in blood pressure.

Patients with gout should not take vitamin PP.

People with coronary artery disease or unstable angina should not take niacin without medical supervision, as in large doses it can increase the risk of heart rhythm problems.

Taking vitamin PP for a long time can lead to an imbalance of other vitamins in the body.

Overdose of vitamin PP

Very high doses of vitamin PP can be toxic to the body. You should not take more than the recommended daily dose of niacin. This can cause fainting, skin rashes, itching, weakness, and increased doses of “bad” cholesterol in the blood.

Large doses of niacin cause headaches, dizziness, and blurred vision. There is also an increased risk of liver damage. In addition, niacin may interact with other medications or vitamins, causing a person to have an increased risk of heart and vascular disease.

Possible interactions of vitamin PP with other drugs

If you take any of these medications, you should not take niacin without talking to your doctor.

Tetracycline antibiotics - Niacin should not be taken with tetracycline because it interferes with the absorption and effectiveness of this drug.

Aspirin - Taking this before taking niacin may reduce the effectiveness of both, so both drugs should only be taken under medical supervision.

Anticoagulants (blood thinners) - Niacin may make the effects of these medications stronger, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Alpha blockers (drugs to lower blood pressure) - nicotinic acid in interaction with them can lower blood pressure even more.

Cholesterol-lowering medications - Nicotinic acid binds to components of cholesterol-lowering medications and may make them less effective. For this reason, niacin and similar medications should be taken at different times of the day.

Diabetes medications - Niacin may increase blood sugar levels. People taking insulin, metformin, glibenclamide, glipizide, or other medications to lower high blood glucose levels should avoid niacin supplements.

Isoniazid (INH) – This drug for the treatment of tuberculosis can cause vitamin PP deficiency.

So, before including vitamin PP in your diet, you should definitely consult with your doctor in order to bring benefit and not harm to your health.

Food sources of vitamin PP

The best food sources of vitamin PP are beets, brewer's yeast, beef liver, beef kidneys, salmon, swordfish, tuna, sunflower seeds, peanuts. Bakery products and cereals are rich in niacin. Protein foods containing niacin include red meat, eggs and dairy products.

Higher doses of nicotinic acid are used to treat specific diseases only with a doctor's prescription. The amount of niacin should be increased slowly over 4 to 6 weeks, and it should also be taken with meals to avoid stomach irritation.

Vitamin PP deficiency

This is a water-soluble vitamin, the body does not store it for a long time. Therefore, a person can very easily develop a deficiency of vitamin PP, that is, nicotinic acid.

But you should know that alcoholism is the main cause of vitamin PP deficiency.

Symptoms of mild deficiency of this vitamin include upset stomach, fatigue, stomach ulcers, vomiting and depression.

Severe niacin deficiency can lead to a condition known as pellagra (a type of vitamin deficiency). Pellagra is characterized by cracked skin, scaly skin, dementia, and diarrhea. Vitamin PP deficiency also causes a burning sensation in the mouth and a swollen, bright red tongue.