home Audience 1 Exacerbation of chronic catarrhal gingivitis - symptoms and treatment methods. Catarrhal gingivitis: etiology, symptoms, course features, treatment methods Catarrhal gingivitis includes inflammation of the gums

Exacerbation of chronic catarrhal gingivitis - symptoms and treatment methods. Catarrhal gingivitis: etiology, symptoms, course features, treatment methods Catarrhal gingivitis includes inflammation of the gums

Catarrhal gingivitis is a pathological process characterized by the development of an inflammatory process in the gums. In this case, the integrity of the dentogingival attachment is not violated, and the tooth is not exposed. But in the absence of proper treatment, catarrhal gingivitis contributes to the development of complications. Catarrhal gingivitis

What is catarrhal gingivitis?

The disease is characterized by inflammation of the gums, affecting the superficial tissues of the periodontium. In the structure of inflamed gum lesions, this form of gingivitis occurs in 90% of cases. Its advantage is diagnosed in children and young people under 30 years of age.

Causes of catarrhal gingivitis

The pathogenesis of the disease can occur for general or local reasons. Common reasons include:

decreased body immunity;
progression of infectious diseases in the patient’s body;
pathologies of the endocrine system;
disruptions in bowel function;
disruption of the cardiovascular system;
changes in the hormonal levels of the body.

Symptoms of catarrhal gingivitis

The following symptoms will help recognize the pathological process:

burning and severe pain concentrated in the gum area;
severe hyperemia of the gingival tissue;
swelling;
bleeding from the joints of gums and teeth;
hypertrophy of gingival papillae;
severe contamination of the enamel in the form of a yellow or grayish coating;
hyperthermia;
Strong headache;
general weakness.

Attention! The presented clinical picture indicates the presence of catarrhal gingivitis, which occurs in an acute form.

Classification of catarrhal gingivitis

Spicy

As the pathology progresses into an acute form, the patient experiences pain and discomfort. The acute form of catarrhal gingivitis occurs spontaneously. The first symptom is severe pain in the gum area. In addition, a person’s general condition worsens and body temperature rises sharply.

Catarrhal gingivitis. Photo.

The acute form of the pathology is characterized by the following symptoms:

severe pain in the gum area;
burning sensation in the affected gum;
staining of the gum mucosa in a bright red color;
swelling with drops of blood;
swelling of the gingival papillae;
formation of plaque on the teeth and gums;
a sharp rise in temperature;
severe pain in the head;
general weakness.

The combination of these signs indicates that an intensive development of an acute form of the inflammatory process occurs in the human body.

Attention! In the absence of qualified assistance and effective therapy, the acute form of the pathology will become chronic.

Chronic

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis is an advanced form of the pathological process, which develops in the absence of adequate therapy and untimely diagnosis of the acute form of the disease. The clinical picture is not pronounced.

The only thing that occurs in a person is discomfort while eating or when performing oral hygiene procedures. The chronic form is characterized by the following symptoms:

when eating and brushing teeth, pain, burning and itching occurs in the gum area;
blood while brushing your teeth;
interdental papillae increase in size and change color;
papillae and teeth do not fit tightly together;
the inflamed gum becomes bluish in color;
the gingival margin is slightly thickened.

The chronic form is characterized by maintaining the stability of the teeth, so they are not subject to pathological mobility.

Attention! If loose teeth occur, this indicates that the inflammatory process in the gum area has progressed to periodontitis.

Degrees of development of catarrhal gingivitis

Lightweight

A mild form of pathology is characterized by minor inflammation. It is concentrated in the area of the periodontal papillae. This form of gingivitis is not accompanied by unpleasant symptoms. A slight redness in the periodontal area will help to suspect it, but it can only be detected using hardware diagnostics.

Average

This stage is characterized by the spread of the inflammatory process to the interdental and gingival areas. Therapy of this form is simple, but long-lasting.

Heavy

This stage of catarrhal gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the large part of the gums surrounding the teeth. Sometimes damage affects the tissue of the alveolar region.

Diagnosis of catarrhal gingivitis

It is possible to identify the pathological process and make a diagnosis of “catarrhal gingivitis” only by performing certain hardware procedures and special texts. There are popular diagnostic methods:

hygiene index according to Fedorov-Volodina - the result must be greater than one;
RMA index - the result must be more than one;
Kulazhenko's test - helps determine the site of hematoma development;
Schiller-Pisarev test - the result should be positive.

In addition to the tests listed, the following methods allow you to determine catarrhal gingivitis:

Visual examination. Diagnosis is based on the clinical picture and characteristic symptoms.
Rheoparodontography and Doppler flowmetry. These diagnostic methods make it possible to assess microcirculation in periodontal tissues.
Analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of gingival fluid. This allows you to determine the presence of inflammation and changes in gingival structures.
Probing of gum pockets. This procedure allows you to determine the pathology of tooth mobility.
X-ray. This method is necessary to determine the integrity of the bone tissue of immobile processes.

Treatment of catarrhal gingivitis in adults and children

Treatment of pathology occurs in several stages. First, the doctor determines the cause of the development of the pathology. If it is caries, defects of the lips, bite, then first it is necessary to eliminate all this. Otherwise, it threatens relapses.

Attention! The doctor may also refer you to check the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system and immunity. Complex therapy may be required.

Physiotherapy

The catarrhal form of the disease belongs to the initial stage. To eliminate it, ultrasonic cleaning and drug therapy are used. The following procedures are useful in physiotherapy:

Hydromassage of gums. It improves blood supply to the periodontium and is an excellent prevention of inflammatory gum pathologies.
Exposure to short spectrum UV rays. A constant high-voltage electric field reduces the manifestations of intoxication and stimulates the general reactivity of the patient’s body.
Electrophoresis. Normalizes the patient’s nervous system and calms him down

Hydromassage gums

These manipulations are painless. Their main task is to improve tissue trophism and remove accumulated toxins. The course of therapy is 5-10 sessions.

Drug treatment

As pharmaceutical drugs, the doctor may prescribe:

Chlorhexidine. This is a rinse solution. With its help you can stop inflammation and reduce pain. Rinse 2 times a day.
Oil solutions of vitamin A and E. Apply them directly to the affected area once a day. They reduce swelling and inflammation.
Antimicrobial ointments: Romazulan, Metrogyl Denta, Cholisal. Apply them to the affected gum 1-2 times a day. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician. They effectively cope with symptoms, inflammation and speed up the healing process.

Folk remedies

To combat the disease, you can use proven folk remedies. Use them only in combination with physical therapy and medications to relieve symptoms. The following recipes are effective:

Pine needles. Take 40 g of them and pour 250 ml of boiling water. Leave for 1 hour. Filter and use for rinsing. Carry out therapeutic manipulations 3-4 times a day.
Sage and chamomile. Take 20 g of each and pour a glass of boiling water. Leave for 20 minutes, filter and use for rinsing. Treatment is carried out 2-3 times a day.
Aloe juice. You just need to chew the washed leaves of the plant. 2-3 leaves per day are enough. Aloe effectively relieves inflammation and swelling.
Horseradish juice. Grind the root using a blender, squeeze the juice onto cheesecloth. Dilute the juice with water in a 1:1 ratio. Use the rinse 2 times a day.
Sea buckthorn oil. With its help you can quickly stop the inflammatory process. You need to hold the oil in your mouth (10 minutes) and then spit it out. Carry out the procedure 3 times a day.

Prevention of catarrhal gingivitis

The main reason for the development of catarrhal gingivitis is a violation of cultural and hygienic measures in the oral cavity. To do this, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

Clean your teeth thoroughly every day to prevent plaque from remaining on them.
Use dental floss to remove stuck pieces of food. An antiseptic is also suitable for this purpose.
If discomfort occurs in the oral cavity, immediately seek help from a doctor.
Avoid injury to the oral cavity.

Consequences and complications of catarrhal gingivitis

An advanced form of gingivitis is a real problem for humans. Its complications are dangerous not only for the soft tissue of the gums. With prolonged development of the pathological process, this is fraught with periodontitis. It leads to loosening and loss of teeth.

His treatment is much more complicated and lengthy. In addition, the infectious process can affect bone tissue. Bacteria penetrate the blood and spread to other organs. One of the most dangerous complications is kidney damage. A still advanced chronic form of catarrhal gingivitis can become ulcerative-necrotic.

Catarrhal gingivitis is an unpleasant gum disease that is accompanied by pain and burning in the mouth. Because of this, a person cannot fully eat, drink, or even talk. Treatment of the disease should begin immediately after the first symptoms are detected, otherwise the pathological process develops into a chronic form.

Hyperemia;

Bleeding;

Presence of ulcers;

Gum hypertrophy;

Dental plaque;

The dentogingival connection is not broken.

Clinical form: catarrhal gingivitis, acute course

Process prevalence:

Limited

Diffuse

Diagnostics

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

Clinical (complaintson the):

Bleeding

Swelling of the gums,

Burning in the affected areas;

Pain and bleeding intensify while eating or talking.

Clinical (objectively):

Pronounced hyperemia of the gums, swelling, more pronounced in the area of the gingival margin and gingival papillae;

The relief of the gums changes - the papillae lose their characteristic pointed shape, their tops take on the shape of a dome and increase in size, which predetermines the formation of gum pockets;

Gum pockets are formed while maintaining the integrity of the periodontal junction;

The gums bleed easily on palpation;

Increased deposition of plaque on the teeth, and subsequently tartar;

With thermal damage, the formation of a whitish film of clouded epithelium with its further desquamation is possible;

The formation of areas of desquamation and single erosions is possible, mainly in the area of the apexes of the interdental papillae.

X-ray:

Fuzzy outlines of the cortical plate at the apices of the interalveolar septa;

Osteoporosis of the spongy substance at the apices of the interalveolar septa is possible.

Results of clinical and laboratory examination:

Positive Schiller-Pisarev test;

Increased migration of leukocytes into the oral cavity according to Yasinovsky;

Reduced resistance of gum capillaries during the vacuum test according to Kulazhenko;

Increased amount of gingival fluid.

Mild severity of acute catarrhal gingivitis (I)

Hyperemia of gingival papillae;

Swelling of the gingival papillae.

Moderate severity of acute catarrhal gingivitis (II)

Bright hyperemia of the gingival papillae and marginal gums;

Swelling of the gingival papillae and marginal gingiva;

Pain on palpation of the gingival papillae and marginal gingiva.

Severe severity of acute catarrhal gingivitis (III)

Bright hyperemia of the papillae, marginal and alveolar parts of the gums;

Swelling of the papillae, marginal and alveolar parts of the gums;

Pain and bleeding on palpation of the papillae, marginal and alveolar parts of the gums.

Treatment of acute catarrhal gingivitis

Sanitation of the oral cavity;

Elimination of local irritants - dental plaque, carious cavities, traumatic occlusion, malocclusion and tooth placement, anomalies of soft tissue attachment.

Drug treatment of acute catarrhal gingivitis:

Aimed at eliminating the symptoms of acute catarrhal gingivitis, suppressing opportunistic microflora, normalizing the state of the vascular system, increasing local resistance, eliminating hypoxia, stimulating reparative processes in the gum tissue.

Antibacterial therapy(taking into account the sensitivity of the microflora of the gum pockets);

Anti-inflammatory therapy:

Etiotropic (identification and elimination of factors that caused inflammation),

Pathogenetic (impact on the pathophysiological components of inflammation),

Symptomatic (elimination of the main symptoms of inflammation).

Stimulation of reparative processes (aimed at renewing lesions of gum tissue),

Keratoplasty preparations (used to improve epithelization processes that complete regeneration)

Treatment regimen for acute catarrhal gingivitis

Teaching patients the rules of rational oral hygiene;

Professional oral hygiene;

Sanitation of the oral cavity;

Orthodontic treatment - in the presence of occlusion disorders and malocclusions;

Surgical treatment - in the presence of anomalies in the structure and attachment of soft tissues;

Rinsing the mouth with antiseptic, hygiene products, decoctions of medicinal plants - St. John's wort, sage, chamomile. Do not use hypertonic solutions of kitchen salt or soda, astringents, or tannins.

In case of acute inflammation, it becomes necessary to eliminate quite severe pain in the gums ( rinsing solutions of citral, propolis - 20-50 drops per glass of water; appliqués anesthetics, mefeminate sodium salt). In cases of severe pain, analgesics are prescribed;

Antibacterial therapy- antiseptics (ethacridinalactate), derivatives of the nitrofuran series (furacilin, furagin), less often - antibiotics and sulfonamide drugs.

Anti-inflammatory therapy- in the early stages of inflammation, drugs are indicated that prevent the formation of inflammatory mediators (mefenaminate sodium salt, salicylates);

Proteolysis inhibitors (trasylol, contrical);

Drugs that stimulate the formation of anti-inflammatory agents (salicylates, prodigiosan, calcium pantothenate, vitamins C, P);

To regulate microcirculation disorders, the use of anticoagulants (heparin, fibrinolysin) and antiplatelet drugs (sodium salicylate, sodium mefenaminate) is indicated.

Stimulation of reparative processes is aimed at restoring the affected gum tissue; the following drugs are prescribed:

Which enhance phagocytosis (lysozyme),

Preparations of pyrimidine bases (methyluracil, pentoxyl),

Vitamins (ascorbic acid, vitamin P),

Endogenous RNA and DNA (sodium nucleinate),

Herbal products.

Keratoplasty preparations used to improve epithelialization processes that complete regeneration (vitamin A and its derivatives) - used in the presence of areas of gum desquamation.

PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC METHODS FOR TREATING ACUTE CATARHRAL GINGIVITIS

Medicinal irrigations;

After the symptoms of acute inflammation have subsided, it is possible to prescribe electrophoresis of various medications and hydromassage.

Training in individual hygiene rules;

Using toothbrushes with soft or very soft bristles;

Therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes with anti-inflammatory action with extracts of medicinal herbs, antiseptics, macro- and microelements;

Dental elixirs that contain an antiseptic.

Clinical examination

In case of transition to :

Mild severity (I): 1st dispensary group - examination by a doctor once a year.

Moderate severity (II): 2nd dispensary group - examination by a doctor 2 times a year.

Severe degree of disease (III): 3rd dispensary group - examination by a doctor 3 times a year.

If the treatment is effective: POSSIBLE RESULTS

No complaints of pain in the gums;

No bleeding gums;

The gums are pale pink;

Dense;

Painless on palpation;

There is no dental plaque.

If the treatment is ineffective: POSSIBLE RESULTS

Bleeding gums continue;

The gums are swollen;

The presence of dental plaque is noted;

In the future, destruction of the dentogingival attachment is possible;

Formation of periodontal pockets;

Alveolar bone atrophy is the occurrence of localized or generalized periodontitis.

Criteria for treatment effectiveness

Remission;

Further progression of catarrhal gingivitis and transition to a chronic form;

Development of periodontitis.

Catarrhal gingivitis is found in the upper layers of periodontal tissue and is an inflammatory process. Like regular gingivitis, catarrhal disease occurs from the influence of general and local factors. Defects in orthodontic treatment, jaw injuries, tartar and poor oral care are considered local factors. Blood disease, genetics, viral infections, poor immunity and many other diseases are common causes influencing the development of catarrhal gingivitis.

According to the severity, catarrhal gingivitis can be recurrent or acute, depending on the degree of periodontal damage. Depending on the type of spread, the disease can be local or generalized. With catarrhal gingivitis, the dentogingival joints are susceptible to destruction, while the dentition itself retains its immobility and stability. It is important to know that catarrhal gingivitis is the initial stage of more serious diseases - periodontitis, periodontal disease. If the disease is not detected in time, you can completely lose your teeth.

The inflammatory process that occurs in the upper layers of the periodontal tissue and does not destroy the periodontal junction is called catarrhal gingivitis.

Etiology of the disease

The catarrhal inflammatory process in the gingival tissue occurs as a result of the influence of local and general factors. Among the local factors are:

injuries of the dental system;
tartar;
defects in orthodontic treatment;
poor oral care.

Common reasons influencing the development of the disease include:

changes in hormonal levels;
systemic and blood diseases;
allergic reactions;
bad habits;
decreased immunity;
genetic factors;
avitaminosis;
bad ecology;
viral infections;
drug treatment associated with taking hormones, immunosuppressants or cytostatics.

The trigger mechanism that provokes the occurrence of a catarrhal inflammatory process in the periodontal tissue is the accelerated growth of pathogenic microflora, that is, the presence in the patient’s oral cavity of a biofilm, which includes aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Microbial accumulations have a certain damaging potential, which directly depends on the state of the patient’s immune system, that is, on his immune status. Consequently, among the main reasons that provoke catarrhal gingivitis, one can highlight the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity (insufficient hygiene) and a decrease in the body’s resistance.

Types of catarrhal inflammatory lesions

The nature of the course of catarrhal inflammatory lesions can be recurrent or acute. Depending on the extent of the lesion, generalized and local types of catarrhal gingivitis are distinguished.

The degree of periodontal involvement determines the severity of the disease. If the inflammatory process affects only the periodontal papillae, then the initial mild severity of the disease is diagnosed. Inflammatory damage to the marginal and interdental parts of the gums indicates a moderate severity of catarrhal inflammatory lesions, and the spread of the destructive process to the alveolar part of the gums indicates the development of catarrhal lesions of the third severity.

In any form of the disease, the dentogingival joints are not destroyed, and the dentition itself retains its immobility and stability. If the disease is not treated in time, then the risk of it developing into necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, as well as dental diseases such as periodontal disease, periodontitis, periodontitis, abscess and others, increases.

Symptoms of catarrhal inflammatory process

The acute form of catarrhal gingivitis is characterized by the following symptoms:

bleeding, looseness, burning and swelling of the gums;
bad breath;
hyperemia of the gum tissue;
pain on palpation, thermal and mechanical irritation.

If the acute form is severe, then muscle pain, hyperthermia, deterioration of health (malaise, nausea, apathy, weakness, lethargy, etc.) are added to the above symptoms.

The following symptoms are characteristic of chronic catarrhal gingivitis:

sudden bleeding of gingival tissue, which occurs even with minor mechanical impact;
cyanotic gum color;
a roller-like thickening that stretches parallel to the dentition;
feeling of burning and swelling of the gums;
change in taste perception;
the appearance of a metallic taste in the mouth (taste of blood);
foul odor from the mouth.

Symptoms of chronic catarrhal gingivitis become more intense during periods of exacerbation and can almost completely disappear during periods of stable remission.

Diagnosis of the disease

The disease is diagnosed by visual examination of the patient's oral cavity and careful collection of anamnesis of the disease. The final diagnosis is made based on the clinical picture and analysis of the patient’s subjective feelings.

Assessment of the severity of catarrhal gingivitis is carried out depending on the indicators of significant dental indices, which assess the intensity of the inflammatory lesion, the amount of bacterial plaque and the degree of gum bleeding. To determine dental indices, a number of instrumental studies are carried out.

Treatment of catarrhal inflammatory process

Therapy for the catarrhal form of gingivitis is aimed at suppressing pathogenic microflora that provokes inflammation, as well as eliminating general and local factors that provoke the disease.

Local treatment includes professional cleaning of the oral cavity, orthodontic treatment (replacement of fillings, replacement of prosthetics, installation of implants), and treatment of caries. Local treatment also includes rinsing with antiseptic solutions, periodontal applications, physiotherapy (gum massage, electrophoresis, paraffin therapy, etc.).

Catarrhal gingivitis is damage to gum tissue under the influence of pathogenic flora. A distinctive feature of the pathology compared to other forms of gingivitis is the absence of destruction of periodontal tissue and exposure of the neck of the tooth. In the absence of timely treatment, the problem can lead to serious complications, including loss of dentition.

When the disease occurs, only the superficial layers of the gums become inflamed. This form of disorder is diagnosed in 90% of cases in young people and children.

Causes

The main reason for the development of the disease is systematic violation of personal hygiene rules. Due to untimely brushing of teeth, pathogenic microorganisms will accumulate on the enamel and surface of the gums. Food plaque on the teeth remineralizes and turns into stone, which also affects periodontal tissue.

Other factors that provoke catarrhal gingivitis include:

caries in an advanced stage;
injuries of the dental system;
systemic chronic diseases;
viral infections;
presence of bad habits;
poor quality of consumed water;
unbalanced diet
hormonal changes in the body;
metabolic disease;
eruption of milk elements and wisdom teeth.

A bad habit that provokes gingivitis is smoking. Tobacco products contain nicotine tars, which irritate the mucous membranes of the mouth and lead to the development of inflammation. Another reason for the problem is the use of potent drugs (immunosuppressants, antibiotics, cytostatics).

During teething, signs of gum inflammation are not observed for long. Usually the disease goes away immediately after the crown appears on the surface. At this time, it is important to provide competent care for the baby’s oral cavity.

Symptoms

The main sign of the disorder is bleeding and a feeling of fullness in the periodontal tissues. During an exacerbation, a person may experience an unpleasant odor from the mouth, which is not relieved by rinses and pastes.

Other signs characteristic of the acute stage of gingivitis:

burning sensation in the mouth;
severe pain when eating;
bleeding gums and their increase in size;
swelling of the interdental papillae;
permanent gingival tooth (not associated with teething);
erosions on the mucous membranes.

Even with acute symptoms of the disease, the teeth remain immobile. The interdental papillae change shape and become dome-shaped. Chronic forms of the disorder are characterized by the formation of visible plaque on the surface of the teeth, which is difficult to remove at home.

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis develops as a result of illiterate treatment of the primary forms of the disease. This form of the disorder is practically untreatable and recurs during the off-season.

If the disease causes loose teeth, this indicates that catarrhal gingivitis has progressed to a more dangerous condition - periodontitis.

With exacerbation of chronic gingivitis, patients complain of:

discomfort while eating and performing hygiene measures;
the appearance of blood when pressing on the gums with the tongue or toothbrush;
enlargement of interdental papillae;
blue gums due to disruption of metabolic processes and blood circulation in them.

Classification

The disease is classified into several types depending on the form of the course, the scale of inflammation and severity. According to the first criterion, pathology is divided into acute and chronic. Acute gingivitis progresses rapidly and is accompanied by clear clinical signs, but is observed only once. The chronic type of disorder is characterized by slow development and vague symptoms.

Depending on the degree of inflammation, there are 2 types of disorders:

Localized – up to 1/3 of the gum is affected.
Generalized. Inflammation spreads along the entire length of periodontal tissue and is observed on both jaws.

According to the severity of the course, gingivitis is divided into:

Mild degree. Only damage to the intergingival papillae is noted.
Moderate degree - damage to the free area of soft tissue (marginal zone) is noted.
Severe degree - the pathological process covers the entire alveolar region.

Diagnostics

Only a dentist can make a diagnosis of “catarrhal gingivitis” after a visual examination of the patient’s oral cavity and diagnostic procedures. To confirm the diagnosis, the dentist uses special tests:

Oral hygiene index according to Fedorov-Volodina (the presence of pathological processes is indicated by an index exceeding one);
RMA index;
Kulazhenko's test - allows you to determine areas of development of hematomas in periodontal tissues;
Schiller-Pisarev test. We can talk about the development of inflammation in the gums if the test results are positive.

For differential diagnosis, instrumental examination techniques are used:

Rheoparodontography and Doppler flowmetry. The techniques reveal microcirculation of blood in the gum tissue.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of liquids. To identify the pathogen and its concentration in biological material.
Probing of gum pockets. Allows you to determine the degree of tooth mobility.
X-ray. Detects damage to the tissues of the teeth and jaw against the background of inflammatory processes.

Treatment tactics

Treatment of catarrhal gingivitis is carried out taking into account the symptoms and severity of its course. On average, treatment measures last 7-14 days and include the following activities:

Thorough cleansing of enamel from plaque and tartar. If the deposits on the surface of the teeth are not cleaned, the gingivitis will recur and be more difficult to treat.
Assessment of the dentition for the presence of carious cavities. If defective areas are detected, the doctor will reinstall the old filling material. Uneven edges of the teeth, formed as a result of the destructive process, injure the mucous membranes of the mouth and aggravate the course of gingivitis.

Treatment of catarrhal gingivitis begins immediately after its detection. Diseases can be eliminated at the beginning of their development without antibiotics. In this case, the patient will be prescribed mouthwash solutions with an antiseptic effect. To combat the problem, applications with disinfectant impregnation are also used.

If local agents do not give the desired result, then they resort to antibacterial therapy. Chronic gingivitis requires an integrated approach to the problem: regular medication, use of suitable personal hygiene products, diet, and physiotherapeutic procedures. In addition to the dentist, the patient will need to visit a gastroenterologist, endocrinologist or other specialists to eliminate gingivitis that has arisen against the background of a systemic failure in the body.

In adults

For mouth rinsing and applications, adult patients are prescribed the following types of medications:

chlorhexidine;
hydrogen peroxide (3%);
Etonium solution (1%);
calcium permanganate solution.

Therapy is supplemented with iodo-glycol and ointments with an anti-inflammatory effect. During the treatment of catarrhal gingivitis, toothpastes that contain triclosan (an antibiotic) and stannous fluoride are used.

In the acute stage of inflammation, a solution of glucose or calcium chloride is injected into the interdental papillae. Treatment with injections lasts from 3 to 7 days. Atrophied gum tissue must be removed using cryosurgical excision and further cauterization

Traditional medicine is used as an aid to combat pathology:

A mixture of milk and chamomile: add 500 ml of milk and 1 tbsp to the container. l. dry chamomile leaves. The product is infused for 15 minutes and used as a mouth rinse.
Blueberry infusion: 1 tsp. l. dried fruits, pour 250 ml of boiling water and leave for 20 minutes. Instead of blueberries, you can use bird cherry berries.
Applications with green mustache leaves: 1 leaf is crushed to a pasty state and applied to problem areas of the gums for 15 minutes. To enhance the anti-inflammatory effect, add a pinch of salt to the mixture.

In children

Inflammation of the gums in children is relieved using applications based on Solcoseryl and Cholisal. The listed agents are distinguished by their complex action: antimicrobial, analgesic and regenerating. They are safe if accidentally swallowed.

For mouth rinsing, children are prescribed:

Miramistin;
Chlorhexidine;
Furacilin.

Antibiotics will be prescribed to babies only if catarrhal gingivitis becomes severe or spreads to healthy mucous membranes.

Among the folk remedies for children, it is allowed to use components with a low allergenicity index:

pharmaceutical chamomile;
oak bark;
sage.

To prepare tinctures, take 1 tsp. vegetable raw materials and 200 ml of boiling water. The child’s mouth is rinsed with the resulting product every 2 hours. To strengthen the affected soft tissues and accelerate their healing. Chewing loads are also recommended to improve blood supply to the periodontium.

Fighting exacerbations

Treatment of exacerbations of catarrhal gingivitis is aimed at reducing the severity of inflammation and intoxication of the body. The duration of therapy in this case is from 7 to 10 days. To eliminate the symptoms of the disorder, patients are prescribed: anti-inflammatory drugs (Ketarolac, Ibuprofen), antihistamines (Tavegil, Zodak, Zyrtec). During treatment, the patient is prohibited from consuming food that irritates the mucous membranes of the mouth.

Antiseptic treatment of gums should be carried out before removing plaque and after removing it to prevent toxemia. To reduce pain, it is allowed to use applications based on Lidocaine 5%. Metranidazole and Chlorhexidine are used for antiseptic treatment of affected areas of the gums.

To prolong the effect of painkillers and antimicrobial drugs, a medicinal film of Deplene-dent is applied to the gums

In the stage of active inflammation, it is forbidden to brush your teeth intensively. Damage to the soft tissue of the gums aggravates the course of catarrhal gingivitis. During therapy, instead of hygiene procedures, antiseptic rinses are performed. Thorough teeth cleaning begins only after acute signs of the disease have been eliminated.

Prevention

Regular brushing of teeth (2 times a day) for 3-4 minutes.
Use of preventive rinses after completing standard hygiene procedures.
Flossing after every meal.
Selecting dental care products after consultation with your doctor.
Refusal to consume food that is too hot or cold.
Introducing a sufficient amount of fresh vegetables and fruits into the diet. Foods rich in fiber remove plaque from tooth enamel naturally.
Getting rid of bad habits.

A responsible approach to the health of your smile allows you to preserve it for many years. It is also important to seek help in a timely manner without triggering the disease. A preventive visit to the dentist allows you to detect the problem at an early stage.

One of the most famous diseases, which is diagnosed in both adults and children, is catarrhal gingivitis. With this form of pathology, there is no violation of the integrity of the dentogingival attachment and no exposure of teeth is observed. However, failure to carry out timely treatment can lead to the transition of catarrhal gingivitis to a more dangerous and complex form.

Medical practice shows that most often gingivitis, and especially catarrhal disease, is detected in childhood and young people. Adult patients diagnosed with this disease usually suffer from its chronic form. It has been proven that the stronger sex is much more likely to develop catarrhal gingivitis than women.

Causes of pathology

The development of the disease can occur for both general and local reasons. The following general causes of the development of the disease in the human body can be identified:

decreased protective functions of the body;
progression of various infectious diseases in the patient’s body;
pathologies of the endocrine system;

disruptions in bowel function;
disorders of the cardiovascular system;
changes in the hormonal levels of the body.

Among the local causes of catarrhal gingivitis, the following are particularly common:

failure to comply with hygiene rules for oral care;
accumulation of a large amount of deposits in the form of plaque or stone on the patient’s teeth;
itching in the gum area;
improper bite formation;
incorrect dental treatment.

Classification of pathology

There is a certain classification of catarrhal gingivitis, in which the division of this disease occurs taking into account the nature of the course of the disease:

acute catarrhal gingivitis;
chronic catarrhal gingivitis.

Depending on the severity of the pathology in the human body, the following degrees are distinguished:

a mild degree of the disease is accompanied by the development of an inflammatory process in the area of the periodontal papillae;
The average degree of pathology is characterized by inflammation, the localization of which is the interdental and free gingival area.
the severe degree of the disease is complicated by the fact that the entire gum and even its alveolar part are included in the inflammatory process.

There is a classification of catarrhal gingivitis depending on the location of the inflammatory process in the gum and the nature of the pathology:

Localized gingivitis develops under the influence of local factors and affects a small area of the gum.
Generalized catarrhal gingivitis develops under the influence of the progression of various diseases in the human body. With the development of this form of gingivitis, most of the teeth of both jaws are affected.

Symptoms of the disease

Each form of catarrhal gingivitis has its own unique symptoms, the manifestation of which is determined by the nature and complexity of the disease.

Acute gingivitis

The progression of the acute form of catarrhal gingivitis in the human body leads to the patient experiencing pain and discomfort. Acute catarrhal gingivitis usually begins unexpectedly and the first characteristic sign is the appearance of severe pain in the gum area.

In addition, there is a deterioration in the patient’s general condition and a sharp increase in body temperature. The following symptoms characteristic of the acute form of catarrhal gingivitis can be identified:

severe pain in the gum area;
the appearance of a burning sensation in the affected gum;
staining of the gum mucosa in a bright red color;
the appearance of swelling of the gums with drops of blood;
increase in the size of gingival papillae;
the appearance of a large accumulation of plaque on the teeth and gums;
a sharp rise in body temperature;
severe headaches;
weakness of the whole body.

The appearance of these signs together indicates that the acute form of catarrhal gingivitis is intensively developing in the human body. This pathological condition requires immediate seeking help from a specialist who will conduct the appropriate diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment.

If the patient is not provided with qualified assistance and effective treatment is not prescribed, then most likely the acute form of catarrhal gingivitis will transition to chronic.

Chronic form

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis is an advanced acute form of pathology that was not diagnosed in a timely manner and appropriate treatment was not carried out. With this form of the disease, the clinical picture is not bright, since the signs of pathology do not appear so pronounced.

The patient's main complaint is that discomfort occurs while eating or during oral hygiene procedures. The following symptoms characteristic of the chronic form of catarrhal gingivitis can be identified:

eating and brushing teeth are accompanied by pain, burning and itching in the gum area;
blood appears when brushing your teeth;
interdental papillae increase in size and change color;
papillae and teeth do not fit tightly together;
the affected gum becomes bluish in color;
the gingival margin becomes slightly thickened.

A disease such as gingivitis is characterized by maintaining the stability of the teeth and they are not subject to pathological mobility. It is for this reason that the detection of such a pathology as loose teeth is a sign that, most likely, the inflammatory process in the gum area has turned into periodontitis.

Diagnosis of pathology

Most often, catarrhal gingivitis is detected during an examination by a dentist. To confirm the diagnosis and, if necessary, can a specialist prescribe additional diagnostic measures? the results of which will allow us to identify the factors that caused the development of the inflammatory process in the gum area.

The most informative research methods for catarrhal gingivitis are:

rheoparodontography;
vital microscopy;
Doppler flowmetry;
study of gingival fluid to determine its qualitative and quantitative composition;
biopsy;
study of gum tissue of a morphological nature;
panoramic radiography
orthopantomography.

Features of treatment

Today, treatment of pathology is carried out using various methods and means that allow you to get rid of catarrhal gingivitis in a short period of time. Most often, treatment of the disease lasts from 10 to 14 days and includes the following stages:

After each brushing of your teeth, it is recommended to rinse your mouth with a chlorhexidine solution;
treatment using special baths with chlorhexidine for the oral cavity gives a good effect;
use of various decoctions based on medicinal herbs for rinsing the mouth.

Most often, treatment using such measures allows you to get rid of the acute form of catarrhal gingivitis. However, if the treatment did not bring the desired result and further progression of the inflammatory process in the oral cavity is observed, then the specialist will prescribe antibiotics and other medications that have an anti-inflammatory effect.

The persistence of signs of catarrhal gingivitis for a long time leads to the fact that the pathology is treated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Treatment of the disease using physiotherapeutic procedures gives a good effect:

darsonvalization;
ultraphonophoresis;
electrophoresis.

In addition, treatment of the disease also involves special massage of the gums, adherence to a certain diet and vitamin therapy.

In the event that the development of catarrhal gingivitis is closely intertwined with the progression of various diseases in the body, then specialists such as:

endocrinologist;
gastroenterologist;
hematologist and others.

To prevent the development of catarrhal gingivitis and various types of complications, it is recommended to visit the dentist and carry out hygienic treatment at least once every six months.

Disease Prevention

One of the reasons for the development of catarrhal gingivitis in the human body is a violation of cultural and hygienic measures in the oral cavity, therefore, to prevent the development of this disease, it is recommended:

Thoroughly brush your teeth every day so that no plaque remains on them;
a good preventive measure is to use dental floss to remove stuck pieces of food, as well as rinse the mouth with antiseptic agents;
if you experience any discomfort or unpleasant sensations in the oral cavity, it is recommended to consult a dentist;
avoid injury to the oral cavity.

During the appointment, the dentist will select the patient’s hygiene supplies necessary for daily oral care. If the patient suffers from a chronic form of catarrhal gingivitis, then you will have to stop using dental floss, since its use can cause an exacerbation of the inflammatory process.

Today, thanks to modern therapy, you can get rid of catarrhal gingivitis quite quickly, and its prognosis is positive. Despite the unpleasant symptoms of this disease, it is rarely accompanied by the development of any complications if treatment is started in a timely manner. If the patient is not provided with timely assistance, the pathology will develop into such types of diseases as periodontitis, periodontitis and even gum abscess.