home Audience 1 Prevention of dryness and flaking of the skin in a child. Prevention of dryness and flaking of the skin in a child Red rough spots on the body of a child

Prevention of dryness and flaking of the skin in a child. Prevention of dryness and flaking of the skin in a child Red rough spots on the body of a child

Any changes in the form of rashes on the skin indicate internal malfunctions in the body. The appearance of a red rough spot on the skin of a child can also indicate unnatural processes occurring inside.

Causes

The causes of the appearance of rough spots on the skin of a child may be the following diseases:

exudative diathesis;
allergic diathesis;
contact dermatitis;
eczema;
lichen.

Each disease has its own characteristic symptoms. Eczema, contact dermatitis, allergic and exudative diathesis have an allergic etiology. Lichens belong to infectious dermatoses.

Exudative diathesis

The appearance of a rough spot on the skin of a child can be the cause of the development of exudative diathesis. First, changes are observed on the scalp. Seborrheic scales are formed on the crown of the head, which are called gneiss.

Then diaper rash begins to appear on the body, which are difficult to treat. Red, rough areas form on the child's cheeks.
Exudative diathesis is characterized by a reduced resistance of the body to infections and increased vulnerability of the skin. The reasons for its appearance may be artificial feeding, inappropriate mixture, early complementary foods, an allergic reaction to a particular product. If the factor that provokes the disease is not established in time, then it will become chronic.

Allergic diathesis

The main symptoms of allergic diathesis include damage to the skin in the form of rough spots on the face, arms, legs and body of the child.

The causes of allergic diathesis are the following factors:

heredity;
an allergic reaction to a particular product;
infectious diseases;
taking medications during pregnancy or lactation.

With the timely detection of the disease and the elimination of the allergen, the symptoms quickly disappear and the allergic diathesis subsides.

contact dermatitis

A dermatological disease such as contact dermatitis occurs when an external irritant is exposed to the skin. Body care products, powders, clothes made of synthetic fabrics, etc. act as an allergen.

Contact dermatitis manifests itself in the form of red crusts on the skin at the points of contact with the allergen. In the affected areas, itching and burning occurs.
If the irritant is not eliminated in a timely manner, the disease will acquire a chronic form, which will be more difficult to fight.

Eczema

One of the reasons for the appearance of red rough spots on the body of a child is eczema. The main symptoms are accompanied by severe itching of the skin.

Dermatological disease can cause:

The first signs of eczema in children appear on the face, elbows and feet. Then rough red spots begin to spread throughout the body.

In most cases, with appropriate treatment, eczema disappears without a trace in a child. Less commonly, the disease becomes chronic.

Diagnosis of allergic dermatitis

The identification of allergic dermatitis is carried out by a pediatric dermatologist and an allergist by examining the skin and differential diagnosis.

Treatment of allergic dermatitis

Therapy for allergic dermatitis includes dietary modification, elimination of the allergen, probiotics, antihistamines, and topical treatments to relieve symptoms.

Medicines are prescribed exclusively by a doctor. To relieve itching and reduce the risk of secondary complications, you can take baths with a decoction of chamomile or oak.

lichen

A rough spot on the body of a child can also indicate the presence of infectious dermatosis - lichen.

In places of defeat we deprive it is observed:

burning;
peeling;
violation of skin pigmentation.

There are several types of infectious dermatoses:

pink;
pityriasis;
shingles;
red flat;
ringworm.

Lichens are of viral and fungal origin and affect, most often, children under the age of 14 years.

Pityriasis rosea initially appears as a single, rough, pink spot 2 to 5 centimeters in diameter, called maternal plaque. A week later, many secondary rashes appear. Peeling is observed in the center of the spots. Along the edges of the plaques there is a red border, free from roughness. A favorite place for the manifestation of pink lichen are the natural folds of the skin.

Pityriasis versicolor usually affects the scalp and upper body. Spots of pink-yellow or yellow-brown color appear on the skin, which are covered with scales.

Shingles most commonly affects children over 10 years of age who have had chickenpox. Before rashes, the child may feel unwell, burning or numbness in places where future rashes will be localized. You may also experience chills and fever. A day after the above symptoms, small plaques appear that can be filled with fluid. After a few days, they dry out, forming crusts in the form of rough spots in their place.

Lichen planus is rare in children. A rash appears on the skin in the form of red or bluish nodules. The nodules merge, forming small rough spots covered with scales. Dermatosis is localized on the wrist joints, inner thighs, armpits and inguinal cavities.

Ringworm is one of the most common forms of lichen in children. Dermatosis of fungal etiology affects the skin, scalp, less often nails. The disease can manifest itself 1-6 weeks after infection. On the integument, oval, rough plaques of red color are formed. When the scalp is affected, foci of baldness are observed.

Diagnosis of depriving a child

Diagnosis and determination of the form of infectious dermatosis is carried out by a pediatric dermatologist or infectious disease specialist.

To make a diagnosis, a specialist examines the skin, takes a special sample and prescribes fluorescent diagnostics using a special apparatus.

Scraping is performed under a light microscope. In some cases, specialists perform a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate dermatosis.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, measles and rubella.

Treatment for lichen in a child

Therapy is prescribed by a dermatologist and depends on the type of lichen. Treatment is carried out with antiviral drugs of general and local effects. These include acyclovir, interferon and others. To prevent suppurative complications, the spots are lubricated with disinfectant solutions, for example, brilliant green. Also, the doctor may prescribe physiotherapy. With severe burning, analgesics are taken.

Preventive measures for lichen include hygiene and limiting contact with stray animals.

Remember! Do not self-medicate and self-diagnose. If a red rough spot appears on the body of a child, seek medical advice immediately.

The main causes of the appearance of red spots on the body of a child are considered. Symptoms of diseases that cause them and how to distinguish them from the manifestation of an allergic reaction.

It just so happened that in a house where there is a small child, the mother performs the functions of a pediatrician, dermatologist, infectious disease specialist, teacher, educator, and many others. Parents are especially responsible for the health of the baby, because the child's body can react to food, cosmetics, clothes and other ordinary things that are familiar to adults in an extremely specific way.

An allergic skin reaction is the most common problem in young children. Therefore, every mother should know what spots look like with allergies in a child, as well as how to distinguish this disease from other possible ailments.

Causes of allergies in children in the form of red spots on the body

Frequent allergies in children are caused by the fact that the immature immune system of the child's body does not adequately respond to various substances that enter it.

At risk for allergies are children whose parents suffer from allergic diseases.

This means that it is legitimate to talk about a genetic, hereditary predisposition to the development of an allergic reaction. Also, more often than other children, crumbs who were born prematurely or with low weight get to see a pediatrician with skin rashes.

A provoking factor for the development of an allergic reaction of the body is an unfavorable environmental situation, frequent viral diseases, and intestinal dysbacteriosis.

The most common causes of allergic red spots on the body of a child are:

Photo: Severe allergic reaction in the form of spots on the back of a child

food products;
hygiene products;
room dust, or rather, the waste products of a dust mite;
medicinal preparations;
vegetable pollen;
chemical substances;
protein compounds of animal saliva;
poisonous components of insect saliva, etc.

Dermatologists and pediatricians distinguish the following types of allergies on the skin of a child, depending on the root cause of its occurrence:

food allergy;
hives;
toxidermia;
photodermatosis;
dermatitis.

In addition to skin reactions, allergies in children may be accompanied by rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma attacks, and laryngeal edema. Therefore, when the first alarming signs appear, it is urgent to show the baby to a highly qualified specialist in order to prevent the occurrence of complications.

food allergy

Food allergies are the most common type of childhood allergic reaction, especially in infants. This is primarily due to the quality and composition of the consumed products. Today, store shelves are bursting with an abundance of food, but it is extremely difficult to find a product without preservatives, dyes and genetically modified additives. Food allergens enter the baby's body with mother's milk. It is for this reason that all mothers are recommended a strict diet upon discharge from the hospital.

However, the risk of getting an allergen through breast milk should by no means encourage mothers to refuse breastfeeding.

If a woman monitors her diet, does not overeat, is not fond of certain foods, forgetting about others, allergic complications in a child rarely occur. Moreover, when it comes time to expand the baby's diet, introduce additional foods, those children who were breastfed tolerate this process much more easily.

At the same time, daily pediatricians are faced with such a problem as food allergy, which occurs in children of the first years of life and is associated with artificial feeding and / or the introduction of complementary foods after artificial feeding. As statistics show, the earlier a child is transferred to artificial feeding, the more likely he is to get a food allergy.

Photo: Red spots on the face as a manifestation of food allergies

The fragile organism of the baby cannot yet fully adapt to the new conditions of life and nutrition.

In addition, in the first 4-6 months of life, maternal immune proteins circulate in the child's body, which are transmitted, among other things, with mother's milk.

They help the baby to adapt to the big world, and his immune system - to get stronger, to prepare for "independent" work. If there are none, or there are few of them, the still unformed immunity has too intense a load. He does not cope, giving out severe allergic reactions.

This pathology manifests itself in small rashes on the body, which can merge into round spots.

Rashes are most often localized on the cheeks of babies and are popularly called diathesis.
Skin rash is accompanied by itching and burning. Very often, the baby is worried about pain in the tummy, indigestion (vomiting, diarrhea, nausea).
In especially severe cases, the lips, mucous membranes of the eyes, and larynx may swell up to the point of stopping breathing.

The described symptoms fit into the picture of angioedema angioedema, which, along with anaphylactic shock, is a life-threatening condition.

The most highly allergenic foods are:

When this type of allergy occurs, the most important thing is to identify and eliminate the effect of the allergen on the patient's body.

Hives

Urticaria is an allergic dermatitis that is characterized by rashes all over the body in the form of pale pink blisters. Outwardly, the elements of the rash are very similar to burns after skin contact with nettles. The causes of hives can be a variety of factors and very often it is a reaction to a medication.

Photo: Red spots on the body of a child - an allergy to antibiotics in the form of urticaria

In children of different ages, the symptoms of the disease may differ, but, as practice shows, up to 6 months this type of allergy practically does not occur.

From six months to two years, urticaria develops in response to:

the use of highly allergenic foods,
the use of cosmetics with a large number of fragrances, dyes and other additives.

There is a high risk of developing urticaria on clothing items: for example, 16% of children, according to the Allergist Association, are allergic to natural wool.

Chronic urticaria in young children develops against the background of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver pathologies, leukemia, connective tissue pathologies.

Symptoms of urticaria depend on the severity of the pathological process:

Initially, blisters and pink spots appear on the skin, which have bright red circles around the edge. The rash protrudes above the level of the skin and is distinguished by the symmetry of the arrangement of the elements.
In addition, a characteristic feature of urticaria is the complete reversibility of pathological changes.
As the skin recovers, it clears up, scars and pigmentation do not form on it, and there are no traces of a rash.

Treatment of this type of allergy is based on the use of H1-antihistamine drugs.

Toxicoderma (toxiderma)

Toxicoderma is a group of dermatological diseases, which are based on an allergic reaction of the body. This type of disease is characterized by acute inflammatory processes on the skin and mucous membranes in children.

Depending on the root cause of the disease, food, infectious, drug and other types of toxidermia are distinguished. As medical practice shows, most often the development of this pathology is based on allergic reaction to a drug.

With toxicoderma in children, the severity of the clinical picture depends on the severity of the allergic reaction. But, most often it is the appearance of itching on any part of the body, small vesicles appear in the same place, which can increase significantly and turn into papules that merge into large foci.

In this case, the baby may be disturbed by symptoms of a general malaise of intoxication:

Photo: Toxidermia on the face of an infant

hyperthermia (increased body temperature);
weakness, lethargy;
nausea;
dehydration;
loss of appetite;
pallor;
headache.

In especially severe cases, the development of Quincke's edema, which also affects the brain of anaphylactic shock, is possible. Therefore, when the first neoplasms appear on the baby's skin, it is urgent to show it to the pediatrician so as not to endanger the health and life of the crumbs.

Photodermatosis

Photodermatosis is a special form of an allergic reaction that occurs against the background of increased sensitivity of the child's body to sunlight.

Photo: Red rash on the cheeks as the appearance of photodermatitis

Children under 3 years of age are at risk for this disease. The following factors contribute to the occurrence of photodermatosis:

pre-existing allergies of any type;
transferred viral diseases;
taking antibiotics or other photosensitizing drugs;
chronic diseases of the hepatobiliary system and kidneys.

Symptoms of photodermatosis can be red rashes on skin exposed to clothing, lacrimation, swelling of the face, especially in the nasolabial triangle.

It is important to note that there are two forms of sun allergy - actually polymorphic photodermatosis and solar urticaria. They appear a little differently.

If the mother noticed that after exposure to the sun, the baby's body is covered with pink spots with blisters, then it is necessary to bring the child into the room, wash the skin with clean water, give an antihistamine and show the baby to a specialist.

A rash with photodermatosis is very similar to the manifestations of a sunburn or any other allergic disease. Therefore, a highly qualified doctor should be engaged in the diagnosis and treatment.

Dermatitis

Photo: Atopic dermatitis

Dermatitis is also a type of dermatological allergy. The reasons for the development of this disease are different.

Dermatitis is characterized by a clinical picture that manifests itself:

redness,
scuffs,
scaly, rough skin in the pathological focus.

In the absence of adequate treatment and care, the rashes are covered with blisters, which, opening up, form wound weeping foci. When the infection enters the inflamed foci, the vesicles become purulent and can have many adverse effects on the health of the child.

In place of spots with allergies, a child may have roughness, depigmented areas in the form of white spots. So that in the future the child does not worry about cosmetic defects, it is necessary to timely diagnose and treat allergies.

Localization of allergic red spots on the body of a child

Photo: Dry flaky red spots on the back of a child - eczema

Characteristic of allergic red spots on the body of a child is their arbitrary location. But pediatricians restored some connection between the allergen and the location of the allergic focus:

allergy on foot appears when exposed to an allergen by contact or aerogenic means (household chemicals, plants, cosmetic products);
appear with food allergies, as well as with an allergic reaction to the sun's rays;
in the language most often a rash appears with urticaria, against the background of drug allergies;
on the pope infants most often develop a rash with diaper dermatitis, with allergies to chemical and cosmetic products, very often this type of rash is complicated by a secondary infection;
skin rashes on back and stomach often confused with common prickly heat, but they occur due to contact, food or drug allergies, single pink spots can merge into a single large spot;
on hands most often there are red spots with allergies to food, especially often the foci are diagnosed on the elbow bend;
on the palms an allergic reaction manifests itself upon contact with household chemicals, detergents, as well as when using low-quality rubber or plastic toys.

In any case, only a qualified doctor can accurately diagnose the disease and identify its root cause.

Differential Diagnosis

Given the fact that many diseases can be accompanied by the appearance of red spots on the body of a child, it is necessary to learn how to differentiate allergies from other pathologies. A significant difference is the nature and location of the elements of the rash.

You need to differentiate allergies from other diseases that can cause red spots on the body (all photos can be enlarged):

Reaction	Characteristics of red spots on the body of a child	Photo
Insect bites	They appear mainly after a night's sleep in open areas of the body, have a regular round shape with a slight protrusion in the center, itching and pain are present at the bite site.
Prickly heat	A small nodular rash that can appear on any part of the body where there is high humidity and insufficient hygiene, but most often these are skin folds (behind the ears, on the neck, on the buttocks, in the groin).
molluscum contagiosum	A viral disease, manifested by small nodular rashes all over the body, which at first resemble white spots, later a seal appears in the center of the spot, which grows from 1 to 10 mm, sometimes children are worried about itching at the site of the neoplasm.
Scarlet fever	A childhood infectious disease that is very similar to a food allergy rash, but with the appearance of characteristic symptoms: “raspberry tongue”, white nasolabial triangle, sore throat, etc., it will not be difficult to distinguish scarlet fever;
Chickenpox	Infectious disease, which is characterized by hyperthermia, general weakness, enlargement of regional lymph nodes. Rash characteristic: rashes most often appear on the scalp; in the center of the red round spot, a vesicle appears, filled with serous contents, which bursts and becomes covered with a crust; the rash is accompanied by intense itching.
Measles	With this infection, the appearance of a rash is preceded by a strong cough against the background of a high temperature, and only on the 3-4th day the baby's body is covered with a small rash, which merges into one large spot.
Rubella	An infectious disease in which the lymph nodes increase, a small red rash appears on the face, and later "leaves" down the whole body.
Scabies	A contagious dermatological disease in which the patient is concerned not so much with specks on the arms, abdomen and lateral surfaces of the thighs, but with severe nocturnal itching; a characteristic black rash is the dual arrangement of the elements of the rash (the entrance and exit of the scabies mite).
ringworm pink	A disease with an incompletely understood etiology, but with several characteristic features: a large oval red spot appears at the site of the rash, which becomes rough and is called the "maternal plaque", only after that the rash spreads throughout the body, after a single illness, the patient develops lifelong immunity.
Roseola baby or pseudorubella	The disease that small children suffer from is manifested by critical indicators of body temperature, and confluent red small bubbling rashes all over the body, which disappear without a trace after 3-4 days.
Infectious erythema	Parvovirus disease is characterized by symptoms of general malaise, high body temperature, muscle and joint pain, and a red rash on the face.

Video: Dr. Komarovsky about a rash in children (including red spots)

Treatment of allergic red spots on the body of a child

All mothers are wondering how to treat such rashes on the baby's body. Once again I want to remind you that a qualified doctor should deal with the treatment of any disease in children. The complex of antiallergic measures should be aimed at:

identification of the allergen and elimination of its contact with the child's body;
systemic therapy with antihistamines in the form of rectal suppositories, tablets or syrups crushed in baby food (for babies), as well as the actual tablets for older children;
local treatment with ointments, gels, creams;
increasing the immune defense of the body;
dietary hypoallergenic food.

In order to eliminate allergic spots on the child's body, a reception is prescribed antihistamines:

Fenistil,
Eden,
claritin,
Tavegil.

The choice of the drug, the calculation of its dose and the duration of the course of treatment will be made by the attending doctor, taking into account the individual characteristics and age of the patient.

To eliminate itching and redness, it is advisable to supplement systemic treatment with local therapy. For children use antihistamine ointments and gels:

Gistan,
Fenistil.

In particularly difficult cases and only if recommended by a doctor, they can be used in short courses. hormonal ointments:

Elokom,
Advantan.

Many parents ask how to smear spots on a child with allergies and whether iodine can be used for this purpose.

Let's just say that the choice of a drug for external use is the competence of a doctor, but iodine should not be used for allergies, since it itself can cause an allergic reaction.

In addition, when applying iodine to the very thin, delicate, but already irritated skin of a child, you can injure it even more, which will lead to serious consequences, up to a burn.

Most often, mothers ask doctors how quickly allergy spots in children pass. This question is very individual and depends on the correct approach to treatment and the degree of neglect of the pathological process. But on average, improvements occur after 7-10 days from the start of treatment.

The main thing in the treatment of any disease is to listen carefully to the doctor and regularly follow all the appointments!

A real nightmare for moms and dads is the “blooming” of the skin of a child. In medicine, red spots on the body of a child are manifestations of exanthematous infections, allergic and other diseases. Parents do not need to be afraid of rashes, but should worry about the cause of their appearance. The child is covered with red spots for a reason, but because of the skin's reaction to changes within the body and in the environment. The degree of influence of such rashes on the health of children varies, their treatment and prevention differ.

Rashes or exanthems on the skin appear with inflammation, which is accompanied by vasodilation, infiltration in the tissues. Among the elements of the rash, primary and secondary are distinguished. Spots, nodules, vesicles and blisters belong to the first group. Secondary are considered scales, crusts, cracks, erosion, pigmentation disorders. Such processes in the skin are characteristic of infectious and non-infectious diseases that “trigger” inflammation in the dermis.

Signs of a spot as an element of a rash:

usually does not protrude above the level of healthy skin;
formed at the site of vasodilation;
most often has an irregular shape;
diameter varies from 0.5 to 2 cm.

A rash in the form of dots with a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 cm is called " roseola". For example, with scarlet fever. Rubella is characterized by a small-spotted rash with a spot size of 0.5 to 1 cm. With measles, large red spots appear on the head of a child with a diameter of 1–2 cm. The characteristics of the rash, namely the shape and size of the elements, their number, color, localization, are mandatory taken into account by doctors examining a sick child. It is also taken into account that the spots disappear when pressure is applied to them, and reappear after the pressure stops. If bulging tumors of the skin appear, they do not disappear with pressure.

A maculopapular rash rises above the level of the epidermis. If the red spots do not disappear when the skin is stretched, then these are hemorrhages. The appearance of such elements is associated with damage or an increase in the permeability of the capillary walls. The spots are red at first, then they turn yellow. The smallest hemorrhages - petechiae - no more than 0.5 cm in diameter, larger ones - purpura and ecchymosis.

Doctor, Candidate of Medical Sciences A.S. Botkina (Moscow) in one of her publications in the journal "Practice of a Pediatrician" notes that various skin lesions account for 30% of all calls. The child health specialist recalls that the most significant causes of skin changes are dermatological problems and allergies.

Another group of factors, namely infectious diseases, requires special attention. Sometimes exanthema becomes that sign of a microbial or viral infection, which allows you to make a diagnosis as soon as possible and start treatment in a timely manner.

Six classic childhood diseases

The pediatrician at the reception will definitely ask about when the rash appeared, about the presence of itching. When examining the child's throat, rashes on the mucous membranes can be detected. For example, small spots on the inside of the cheeks appear in children with measles. A symptom of scarlet fever is petechiae in the sky.

It is important to consider all manifestations: rash, fever, intoxication, sore throat, cough.

When a child has red spots all over his body, the possibility of infection with a pathogen from one of the 6 classic childhood infectious diseases cannot be ruled out:

In medical literature, especially foreign, diseases are called by numbers: “first”, “second”, and so on up to “sixth”.

Measles

In developed countries, cases of this disease are few and do not take on the character of epidemics. Measles is characterized by the appearance of bright red spots about 5 days after the onset of the disease. Elements have scalloped edges, tend to merge. At the same time, the mucous membrane of the palate is covered with pink dots. The child has a fever, sore throat.

Scarlet fever

Points and spots of bright pink color appear already on the first or second day of the disease. The elements of the rash are located against the background of reddened skin, thicker in the inguinal folds, armpits, on the neck, on the sides of the body. The rash persists for about a week, after which scaly elements remain.

At the same time, the child develops symptoms of a sore throat, the pharynx acquires a “flaming” red color, and the nasolabial triangle remains pale. The tongue is initially covered with a white coating, the next day it is cleared and resembles raspberries. In modern children, scarlet fever often occurs without an increase in body temperature.

Rubella

One or two days after the onset of the disease, small red spots appear on the baby's bottom, as well as on the face, arms and legs. The spots disappear without a trace within 2-3 days. Redness of the throat, intoxication are mild, T° of the body is subfebrile. Characterized by an increase in lymph nodes in the neck.

Infectious mononucleosis

The causative agent of the disease is the Epstein-Barr virus, type IV of the human herpes virus (HHV). Red spots and papules usually occur in children treated with ampicillin. Other symptoms of infectious mononucleosis: prolonged fever, inflammation and sore throat, swollen lymph nodes.

Infectious erythema

One of the clinical manifestations of parvovirus infection (B19). In foreign medical literature, mostly in English, the fifth disease is often referred to as the "slap marks" syndrome. In Russian publications, one can find such comparisons: “burning” or “slapped” cheeks. First, dots appear on the face, then they increase and merge into large red spots. These changes may be accompanied by itching of the skin.

The child, two days before the rash appears, feels unwell, he has fever, nausea, sore throat (in 30-35% of cases). There are round pink-red spots on the shoulders, on the back and other parts of the body. A rash on the arms and legs appears less frequently. The infection is transmitted from patients only to reddening of the face.

Exanthema sudden

The causative agent of the sixth disease or childhood roseola is HHV type VI–VII. Dry pink spots up to 5 mm in size become noticeable by 3-5 days of illness and disappear without a trace after a few days. Localization of the rash - mainly on the neck and trunk, rarely on the face and limbs. Other signs of the disease: a sharp increase in body temperature to febrile levels, mild symptoms of general intoxication. The child may have seizures. Specific therapy is usually not required, only symptomatic treatment.

Spotted rash in children

Red spots signal health problems, are signs of several dozen different syndromes and diseases. If the rash is allergic, then sometimes it is enough to take antihistamines, use ointments with glucocorticoids. Such treatment is ineffective in infectious diseases. It is necessary to fight the cause of rashes - microbes and viruses.

Flu

The disease begins suddenly with a sharp rise in T °, general intoxication. Often there is a red spot in the eye of a child, nosebleeds. Occasionally, petechiae appear on the face and chest. Spots, having arisen in the first day, disappear in the following days.

Disease "hands-foot-mouth" - enteroviral exanthema

Diseases are caused by enteroviruses, which are most active from spring to autumn. Measles-like enteroviral exanthema is more common in young children. Spots with a diameter of about 3 mm are located on the face and trunk, disappear in a day or two. Roseola-like exanthema is also called Boston disease. The rash on the face looks like round pink-red spots with a diameter of 0.5-2 cm. The spots disappear without a trace one or two days after the appearance.

Hand-foot-mouth disease or viral pemphigus cause coxsackieviruses, enterovirus-71. Children under the age of 10 are most often affected. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is covered with painful pink-red spots and vesicles. In about 75% of cases, a rash appears on the face, on the palms and heels, sometimes spreading to the buttocks and genitals. First, these are small red spots, then single or multiple vesicles. The disease usually proceeds without complications. Treatment is mainly symptomatic, for example, if the palms itch, then antihistamine drops are given.

pink lichen

The exact reasons for the appearance of a large rough spot with a diameter of about 5 cm on the waist or thigh have not yet been established. Scientists suggest that the activity of herpes viruses increases against the background of immunosuppression. Later, small "daughter" plaques of light red, raspberry or pink color appear.

Ringworm

Spots are often localized on the back of the head and extremities, have the shape of a ring or oval, severely itch and flake off. Treatment is carried out with antifungal ointment "Mikozolon", iodine tincture.

One of the causes of a small- or large-spotted rash is infection with thrush pathogens (yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida).

staph infection

The cause is some infectious focus, such as a purulent wound or phlegmon. Small-pointed "scarlet-like" rash occurs 3-4 days after staphylococcal inflammation. The disease resembles a sore throat: fever, redness of the throat. Elements of the rash densely sprinkle the lower abdomen, are located in the groin, in the natural folds of the body.

The introduction of pyogenic streptococci into the skin is the cause of streptococcal pyoderma. This pustular disease affects the body against the background of a decrease in immunity, a deficiency of vitamins A and C, infection of wounds and burns.

Pseudotuberculosis

If the child is covered with red spots, then he may be infected with bacteria of the genus Yersinia. When children are sick with pseudotuberculosis, the rash looks like dots, spots and papules of various diameters all over the body. Clusters are formed on the palms in the form of "gloves", on the feet in the form of "socks", "hood" on the head and neck. The body temperature rises, signs of intoxication are observed. After about a week, dry scales remain in place of the spots.

Red spots in diseases of non-infectious etiology

Spots on the testicles in boys and on the vulva in girls appear due to irritation of the delicate skin with feces, after overheating, in conditions of excessive humidity. Prickly heat is a disease that accompanies infants. It is necessary to wash the child correctly and in a timely manner, use only products that are safe for children's skin.

Prevention of red spots in the groin area, caused by inadequate hygiene in infancy, is the correct change of the diaper . After getting rid of the wet baby product, you need to wash the baby or wipe it with a damp sanitary napkin without alcohol. Let the skin “breathe” a little, then apply Bepanten or zinc ointment, or use Depatenol cream. After that, you can put on a dry diaper.

Very often you can observe a situation where dry spots appear on the skin of the baby. Without exception, all mothers faced problems such as prickly heat, diaper rash, or an allergic reaction, in which specks appear in babies. However, dry patches may appear on the skin of the child, which may be a cause for concern for parents. In such a situation, you should show the baby to the doctor so that he can make a diagnosis and prescribe the necessary treatment. After all, spots on the skin of a baby can be a manifestation of the most serious pathologies.

Causes of the phenomenon

There are the following main causes that provoke the appearance of dry spots on the skin in infants:

In addition to the reasons listed above, the appearance of red spots on the skin of an infant may be due to pathological conditions such as psoriasis, ringworm, vitiligo, etc.

Baby skin care

If mom noticed dry spots on the skin of her child, then you should not fall into a panic state. Most likely, with proper care, they will disappear in a fairly short period of time.

If, for example, you have developed diaper dermatitis, then it is enough to change your baby's diapers more often. If, in addition to this, ointments, creams and powders are used for the genital area, buttocks and folds on the body of the crumbs, this will speed up the healing process of the skin.

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When washing baby clothes, use hypoallergenic products. In winter, before walking on the street, it is necessary to lubricate the cheeks of the crumbs with baby cream. The latest tips are relevant even for those babies who do not have skin problems.

In any case, regardless of the reasons that caused the appearance of spots, as well as their absence, you should carefully care for the baby's skin and exclude irritants from the baby's environment that can lead to such a condition. If, nevertheless, symptoms of any skin diseases appear, then you should immediately seek help from a pediatrician and a dermatologist. With timely treatment, it will be possible to get rid of the problem quite quickly. This will ensure comfort for the baby and a good mood.

Children's skin is very delicate and sensitive to various kinds of irritants, so various rashes, redness and dry spots can form on it. Dermatological diseases are difficult to deal with, but in the early stages it will be easier to do than when the process is running. If spots are found, it is necessary to establish and remove the cause in time so that the disease does not develop into a chronic one.

Causes

First of all, the cause of the appearance of dry spots on the skin can be a physiological factor, especially in infants, since the sebaceous glands function partially. In addition, the condition of the skin is associated with temperature, water hardness, air humidity. But if the spots do not go away for a long time and cause discomfort in the child, it becomes necessary to consult a pediatrician, since this may be evidence of serious diseases.

The reasons why dry spots may appear in childhood can be varied and indicate the presence of various diseases. For this reason, it is sometimes difficult for parents to independently determine what their child is sick with. It is necessary to consider in detail what diseases can provoke the appearance of a crust on the skin:

In addition to diseases, there are also non-pathological causes of skin lesions in childhood:

If parents understand the causes of dry red spots, then there will be no problems with their treatment, and the process will be quick and not traumatic.

What measures to take at home with dry red spots

Changing the appearance of the skin makes any mother worried. Even if you know the causes, you should not always treat yourself, it is still better to consult a dermatologist. If necessary, he will do tests and after their results he will be able to prescribe the most effective treatment. These can be antihistamines, immunomodulators, vitamins, anthelmintics and others.

It should be remembered that it is strictly NOT recommended to do:

Use ointments based on hormones. These drugs relieve rashes, but do not treat the source of their appearance, against which, with visible improvements, internal disorders may continue to develop.
Remove crusts mechanically. This leads to the formation of wounds that can get infected.
Use medications on your own without consulting a doctor and an accurate diagnosis.

What initial steps should be taken?

Observe the change in the general condition of the child, what could be the causes of spots.
If skin rashes indicate an allergic reaction, then allergens and other external factors that provoke changes in the skin should be excluded.
Apply drugs that are designed to eliminate dryness and rashes specifically for infants. It can be baby cream or bepanthen.

Prevention

Everyone knows that it is easier to prevent a disease than to cure it. Some reasons for the appearance of dry spots must be eliminated in advance and take care of prevention. What should a mother do during pregnancy and lactation:

get rid of bad habits;
consume a lot of vitamins, adhere to a proper balanced diet;
more rest and walk in nature;
adhere to a strict diet while breastfeeding.

The following simple tips will help reduce and even eliminate the chances of developing skin problems in a child:

in the room, remove all things that collect dust, soft toys and even a canopy over a crib;
limit contact with pets;
daily carry out wet cleaning and ventilation of the room;
maintain the necessary humidity in the children's room, especially during the heating season;
bathe in boiled water at a temperature of 36-38˚С, use bathing products no more than once a week, bathe in herbal decoctions every other day (chamomile or calendula is best);
regularly use a special baby cream after bathing or as needed;
children's clothing and bed linen should be made from natural materials;
for washing, use hypoallergenic baby powders or laundry soap and rinse things thoroughly;
change diapers every 2-3 hours, and more often, if necessary, wash the child after each change;
every day to allow to lie down for a few minutes naked, this will help the body adapt and harden;
exclude tight swaddling and overheating at home and on the street.