The suffixes -н- and -нн- are among those difficulties of Russian grammar that require memorizing a large amount of material and mastering not only the rules, but also exceptions to them. The bulk of these rules concern adjectives, as well as adverbs and participles. The writing of these suffixes in nouns also has its own characteristics.

Spelling n and nn in adjective suffixes

If an adjective is formed from a noun using suffixes such as -an-, -yan- and -in-, then it is written with one n, for example, as in the word clay. And there are three exception words to this grammatical rule: tin, wood, glass. If suffixes such as -onn- and -enn- were involved in the formation of the adjective, then you need to write double n, as in the word related.

But from this rule there is exceptions- these are two words, windy And buttery.

If an adjective is formed from a word with a stem in -n using the suffix -n-, then the result is a word with a double n, although one letter is part of the stem, and the second is a suffix - picture.

Adjectives can also be formed from verbs - and this makes them similar to participles, so the spelling rules n and nn in suffixes in this case will be general.

So, if an adjective or participle has a prefix or dependent word, then the suffix should be doubled: plowed, boiled in water. The same applies to cases when the word contains suffixes such as -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: marinated.

In addition, if the word is formed from a verb without a prefix, but it belongs to the perfect form, n should also be doubled: deprived.

Exception from this rule is the word wounded.

At the same time, in short participles one n will always be written, and in short adjectives there are as many of these letters as in full ones, with the exception of one form - this is the singular masculine number, in which, as in participles, one n is written.

It is necessary to distinguish between a participle and an adjective, which often coincide. For example, the word “educated” can be both, but if the short form of the participle in the feminine gender is educated, then the adjective has educated. This is not difficult to do - you need to put the word more in front of “suspect”. If it is inappropriate, then it is a participle, and if it is appropriate, then it is an adjective.

Other difficulties with the suffix -n-

This word-forming unit is used in different parts of speech. Thus, in adverbs and nouns formed from adjectives, the same number of letters n are written as in the original word: pupil (from educated), organized (from organized).

What have we learned?

The main difficulties in choosing between n and nn in suffixes concern adjectives. It is on their spelling that the spelling of those nouns and adverbs that are formed from them is based. Adjectives can be formed from nouns and verbs in different ways, which explains the use of n or nn. It is necessary to distinguish between verbal adjectives and participles.

Н/НН in participles and verbal adjectives

Spelling Н or НН in passive participles is one of those rules that are regularly encountered in dictations, essays and tests.

First of all, remember the rule: In the suffixes of full passive participles, two letters N are written, for example, CUTTED TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter N is written, for example, TREES ARE CUTTED.

But since full passive participles are sometimes very similar to adjectives, to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember the four conditions under which two letters N are written:

1) the participle has a prefix (except NOT-), for example, DRIED MUSHROOMS;

2) the participle was formed from a perfective verb, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb DECIDE (what to do? – perfect form);

3) the participle has dependent words, for example, MUSHROOMS DRIED (where?) IN THE OVEN;

4) The participle is formed from the verb using the suffixes –OVA- or -EVA-, for example, EXCITED FACE.

If a word does not have any of these characteristics, then it is written with one N.

In addition, there are several words with two letters N, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize exception words: UNSEEN, UNHEARD, UNEXPECTED, UNGUESSED, ACCIDENTAL, DESIRED, CHEERING, SACRED, SWEET.

Samples of reasoning

(1) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase DELETED GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the participle has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that this word must be written with two N: DENIED GARDEN.

(2) How many Ns should be written in the participle from the phrase BROSHEY LOOK? First of all, let's see if the participle has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, we need to take the next step: determine the type of verb from which this participle was formed. BROSHE__Y was formed from the verb THROW (what to do?) This verb is of the perfect form, which means that in the participle you need to write two letters N: Abandoned LOOK.

(3) How many Ns should be written in the participle from the phrase FISH FRIED IN THE OVEN? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: ROASTING (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the participle you need to write two letters N: OVEN FRIED FISH.

(4) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase ASPHALTED_OE HIGHWAY? Since this participle has the suffix -OVA-, it must contain two letters H: PAVED HIGHWAY.

(5) How many N should be written in the word WEAVE_AYA from the phrase WEAVE_AYA BASKET? Since it has no prefix, no dependent words, no suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, and also because it was formed from the imperfective verb WEAVE (what to do?), you need to write one letter N: WICER BASKET.

EXERCISE

“How can I not love him?” she said to herself, delving into his frightened and at the same time joyful gaze.

Levin immediately thought about this, but, despite this, he decided that such views of him from Sviyazhsky were only his unfounded assumption...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Well, the guest is uninvited,
Perhaps Father will come in!
I ask you to serve the young lady in love!

They wove scarlet ribbons for her
In two light brown braids,
They brought flowers and clothes
Unseen beauty.

Whoever wants to come to us is welcome;
The door is unlocked for invited and uninvited...
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Parsley, you are always with new clothes,
With a torn elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

...Information was requested from the hostile ministry about the measures that had been applied in the last decade...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

And that consumptive one, your relatives, the enemy of books,
The academic committee that settled...
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

And then she thinks -
God knows why -
That the starry sky is sand
Sprinkled leaf,
Constantly day and night on the road
A wonderfully well-coordinated cart...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

Levin always came to Moscow excited, hurried, a little constrained and irritated by this constraint, and for the most part with a completely new, unexpected view of things.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

No, to this deforested forest
I won't be lured in
Where were the oak trees up to the sky?
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

He drove to the serf ballet on many wagons
From mothers, fathers of rejected children?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Stepan Arkadyevich had already gone downstairs, undressed, washed again, put on a ruffled nightgown and lay down... (Leo Tolstoy, “Anna Karenina”)

You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill you.
Hardly four miles per hour
The chained one is coming...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

With a face disfigured by passion, pale and with a shaking lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began to pull on the reins...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Daria Alexandrovna's eyes ran wild at this elegant, unprecedented crew...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Finally married his daughter,
He took a dowry - shish, for his service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

She remembered how she told almost a confession that her husband’s young subordinate made to her in St. Petersburg...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

At lunchtime they arrived: Alexey Alexandrovich’s old cousin... ...and one young man recommended to Alexey Alexandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

To pen from cards? and to cards from the pen?
And what is the proper time for the tides to ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

I’m running, I won’t look back, I’ll go looking around the world,
Where there is a corner for someone who is offended!..
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Stepan Arkadyevich... in this comic courtship... and accidentally went so far that he no longer knew how to get back...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

What are these people called politely?
Tenderer? - he is a secular man,
A notorious swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonich Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Because he softened the angry guest,
I wanted to praise.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

You sit silently for an hour,
Undepressed, cheerful mind
Meanwhile it works...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

It is written -NN-:

In participles:

In adjectives:

if the stem of the word ends in -N- (Н + suffix Н = НН)	foggy + N = foggy PICTURE + N = picture
if the word is formed using suffixes Onn-, -enn-	straw + enn = straw station + onn = station
in three words that are an exception:
In verbal adjectives ending in -ovanny, -evanny (exceptions: forged, chewed. BUT! Forged (with what?) copper chest, Chewed (perfect form)	PICTURED, carbonated, stuffed
In some verbal adjectives formed from unprefixed imperfective verbs (you need to remember them):	seen, given, desired, unseen, unknown, minted, unexpected, unheard, unexpected, pecked, sacred, promised, desperate, deprived, counted

Exception:

Adjective windy spelled with one -N-.

BUT! Windless.

It is written -N-:

In participles:

In adjectives:

Rules	Examples	Exceptions
if adjectives are formed without a suffix	YOUNG, SPICY
in relative adjectives formed using suffixes -an-, -yan-	leather+an = leather wool + yang = woolen	TIN, WOODEN, GLASS
In possessive adjectives formed using a suffix -in-	swan+in = swan eagle+in = eagle
In adjectives formed from unprefixed imperfective verbs with suffixes -n-, -en- and not having dependent words	loaded (wagons) knitted sweater) fried potatoes)	desired sacred Unguessed unheard of
Exceptionally windy (BUT! windless)	windy (BUT! windless)
In an adjective oil, i.e. “consisting of oil”, “made in oil”, “powered by oil”	oil

In short adjectives, in nouns and adverbs, as many N are written as in the full form of the adjective from which they are formed:

Cloudy morning - cloudy morning, it was cloudy.

The speech is long - the speech is long, the talk is long, the original.

Modern language - she is modern, contemporary, dress modern.

N and NN in all parts of speech

On our website you can.

1956 rules:

§ 61 Double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives formed from nouns, for example: straw, painful, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, peculiar, dining, revolutionary, positional.

Note. In the word windy and in its derivatives one n is written, but in prefix formations it is written -nn- (windless, leeward).

Adjectives with suffix -yan- (-an-), formed from nouns, written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.

Adjectives wooden, tin, glass written with double n.

A suffix is ​​written with one n -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.

§ 62. Double n is written in passive past participles, for example: reports read at a ceremonial meeting; a soldier wounded by an enemy bullet; collective farm, organized in 1930; a detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to the Supreme Council.

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -ovanny, -evanny(except for chewed and forged), for example: the patient was prescribed enhanced nutrition, a volume of selected works of Pushkin was published, sublime style, inscribed triangle, aged wine, trusted person, temperate climate, refined manners, abstract question, absent-minded student, worn dress, used books, a tear-stained face, a rusty key, a risky step, a spoiled child, an uprooted plot.

But with one n you should write adjectives formed from passive past participles, unless these adjectives have a prefix and are not formed from verbs ending in -ovate, -eat, for example: scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickled cucumbers, soaked apples, boiled potatoes, plain-dyed fabric.

Words desired, sacred, unexpected, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

§ 64. Double n is written in adverbs with -o and in nouns with suffixes with -ik, -its, -ost, formed from adjectives if the latter are written with two n, for example: accidentally, unheard of, excitedly, excitement (excited); confidently, confidence (confident); education, pupil, pupil (educated); protégé (installed); captive (captive); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); korennik (indigenous); in-law (inherent).

If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n, for example: confused, confused, confused (confused); learned, learned (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also with one n are written the words silver (in the meaning of a coin) and bessrebrenik (unselfish person).

§ 65. Double n written in plural. h. and in feminine and neuter gender units. including short adjectives formed from passive past participles, the full form of which is double n, for example: the groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is well-mannered and smart; they are very absent-minded.

Short passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken, the young man was raised as a Komsomol member; the girl is pampered by her upbringing; we are limited by time; The students are organized into a group.

Clear sign

The rule is quite difficult. We do not recommend studying it on your own. It is better if an experienced teacher explains everything. You can learn how to apply this rule in the courses on our website.

Examples

Heat n th onion (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovannann-, -evann-, formed from the head. non. species).

Zazare NN th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).

Heat NN onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).

Canned NN th bow (participle in full form, there is a letter combination -ovanne-).

Bow fire n(participle in short form).

Territory limited n and a fence (participle in short form).

These people are immoral and restrictive. NNы (short adjective derived from the participle).

He's more concerned NN o looked at me (adverb from preoccupied).

Society is more concerned n about what is happening (participle in short form).

Silver n th knife (nominal adjective, suffix -YAN-).

Karti NN y gallery (one letter H is in the root, the other is in the suffix).

Celebration NN th meeting (nominal adjective with the suffix -ENN-).

Everything was very festive NN o (adverb from solemn).

What words need to be remembered (here are exceptions + difficult cases).

One letter N is written in the words:

Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, gift, hotel, living room, gold-forged, imprisoned father, sworn brother, flighty, finished man, dowry, sophisticated, costumed, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, red, zealous, pork, chewed, forged, pecked, dumpling, potato pancake, toiler, martyr, toiler, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, Shrovetide, bone-dumpling, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.

Two letters NN are written in the words:

Glass, tin, wooden, nameless, desired, sacred, slow, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, accidental, desperate, cursed, made, arrogant, minted, cutesy, home-grown, given, decided, purchased, government-issued, captured, abandoned, deprived, offended, embarrassed, executed, finished business, defeated, born, pecked, awake, abandoned.

N and NN in all parts of speech

On our website you can.

1956 rules:

§ 61 Double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives formed from nouns, for example: straw, painful, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, peculiar, dining, revolutionary, positional.

Note. In the word windy and in its derivatives one n is written, but in prefix formations it is written -nn- (windless, leeward).

Adjectives with suffix -yan- (-an-), formed from nouns, written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.

Adjectives wooden, tin, glass written with double n.

A suffix is ​​written with one n -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.

§ 62. Double n is written in passive past participles, for example: reports read at a ceremonial meeting; a soldier wounded by an enemy bullet; collective farm, organized in 1930; a detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to the Supreme Council.

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -ovanny, -evanny(except for chewed and forged), for example: the patient was prescribed enhanced nutrition, a volume of selected works of Pushkin was published, sublime style, inscribed triangle, aged wine, trusted person, temperate climate, refined manners, abstract question, absent-minded student, worn dress, used books, a tear-stained face, a rusty key, a risky step, a spoiled child, an uprooted plot.

But with one n you should write adjectives formed from passive past participles, unless these adjectives have a prefix and are not formed from verbs ending in -ovate, -eat, for example: scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickled cucumbers, soaked apples, boiled potatoes, plain-dyed fabric.

Words desired, sacred, unexpected, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

§ 64. Double n is written in adverbs with -o and in nouns with suffixes with -ik, -its, -ost, formed from adjectives if the latter are written with two n, for example: accidentally, unheard of, excitedly, excitement (excited); confidently, confidence (confident); education, pupil, pupil (educated); protégé (installed); captive (captive); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); korennik (indigenous); in-law (inherent).

If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n, for example: confused, confused, confused (confused); learned, learned (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also with one n are written the words silver (in the meaning of a coin) and bessrebrenik (unselfish person).

§ 65. Double n written in plural. h. and in feminine and neuter gender units. including short adjectives formed from passive past participles, the full form of which is double n, for example: the groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is well-mannered and smart; they are very absent-minded.

Short passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken, the young man was raised as a Komsomol member; the girl is pampered by her upbringing; we are limited by time; The students are organized into a group.

Clear sign

The rule is quite difficult. We do not recommend studying it on your own. It is better if an experienced teacher explains everything. You can learn how to apply this rule in the courses on our website.

Examples

Heat n th onion (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovannann-, -evann-, formed from the head. non. species).

Zazare NN th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).

Heat NN onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).

Canned NN th bow (participle in full form, there is a letter combination -ovanne-).

Bow fire n(participle in short form).

Territory limited n and a fence (participle in short form).

These people are immoral and restrictive. NNы (short adjective derived from the participle).

He's more concerned NN o looked at me (adverb from preoccupied).

Society is more concerned n about what is happening (participle in short form).

Silver n th knife (nominal adjective, suffix -YAN-).

Karti NN y gallery (one letter H is in the root, the other is in the suffix).

Celebration NN th meeting (nominal adjective with the suffix -ENN-).

Everything was very festive NN o (adverb from solemn).

What words need to be remembered (here are exceptions + difficult cases).

One letter N is written in the words:

Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, gift, hotel, living room, gold-forged, imprisoned father, sworn brother, flighty, finished man, dowry, sophisticated, costumed, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, red, zealous, pork, chewed, forged, pecked, dumpling, potato pancake, toiler, martyr, toiler, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, Shrovetide, bone-dumpling, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.

Two letters NN are written in the words:

Glass, tin, wooden, nameless, desired, sacred, slow, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, accidental, desperate, cursed, made, arrogant, minted, cutesy, home-grown, given, decided, purchased, government-issued, captured, abandoned, deprived, offended, embarrassed, executed, finished business, defeated, born, pecked, awake, abandoned.