home Audience 12 The main social problems of military personnel and members of their families. Abstract: Social problems of military personnel Main problems of military personnel and their families

The main social problems of military personnel and members of their families. Abstract: Social problems of military personnel Main problems of military personnel and their families

Social work, as already mentioned, is the provision of assistance to individuals or social groups who are in a difficult life situation, a vulnerable position, cannot cope with their difficulties on their own and therefore need the assistance of specialists. At first glance, military personnel who are in normal social circumstances, by the very nature of their activities, a set of personal qualities corresponding to this activity, cannot be classified as vulnerable segments of the population: these are, as a rule, people of middle age, which is considered the most favorable, their health status is under vigilant professional supervision, finally, representatives of the Armed Forces, one of the most respected social institutions, have a high social status, and their financial situation is very stable.

However, the very specificity of professional activity related to military service contains certain objective factors that negatively affect military personnel and their performance of certain functions. This is typical for the armed forces of any modern society, but the peculiarities of the position of military personnel in the Russian Federation determine the particular complexity of their social situation, and this cannot but affect their well-being and activities.

Before considering the complex of problems of people performing military service, it is necessary to give some definitions, which, in accordance with the current legislation, establish the status of the phenomena being determined.

A citizen doing military service is a soldier and has a legal status determined by law.

Military service is a special type of public service of citizens in the Armed Forces. The forces of the Russian Federation, other troops (border troops; internal troops; government communications troops providing communications with military command and control; railway troops of the Russian Federation; civil defense troops), foreign intelligence agencies and federal state security agencies (Law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service”, section VI, article 35).

For those undergoing military service, the composition of military personnel is established: soldiers and sailors; sergeants and foremen; ensigns and midshipmen; as well as officers: junior, senior, higher. The status of a serviceman, his subordinate position, financial situation, indirectly - the state of health, family circumstances, etc., depend on belonging to one or another composition. Therefore, the social problems of servicemen can to a certain extent be grouped depending on their belonging to one or another composition.

Military service can be carried out by conscription (for soldiers and sailors, sergeants and foremen) or by contract - for all military personnel. In the Russian Federation, the soldiers and sergeants of the Armed Forces are recruited mainly on the basis of conscription, on the basis of universal military service, although in recent years certain actions have been taken to form a professional army and organize the military service of soldiers and sailors, sergeants and foremen on a voluntary contract basis.

Conscription for military service in peacetime is subject to male citizens, aged 18 to 27 years, who do not have the right to exemption or deferment from conscription. The following are exempt from conscription:

Recognized as unfit or partially fit for health reasons;

Performing or having completed military or alternative service;

who have completed military service in the armed forces of another state;

Having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for a serious crime;

A citizen whose brother was killed or died during military service by conscription.

For some categories of conscripts, a deferment from conscription is established (for example, while studying at the full-time department of a higher educational institution and in other cases); the terms and conditions of such deferrals are set by the federal legislature and are subject to change.

The terms of military service on conscription are established by the legislator, for those undergoing military service under a contract - by contract.

The problems of military personnel (and their families) are due to the duties assigned to them for the armed defense of the state, which provides for the fulfillment of the assigned tasks in any conditions, including with a possible risk to life. This determines the characteristics of the social-role system in which they operate. The functional duties of military personnel are strictly regulated, and the subordination structure is strictly hierarchical. Orders of superiors are not discussed and are subject to strict implementation, regardless of the attitude towards the order of the person who receives it. In addition, a serviceman (and in some cases his family) does not have the opportunity to choose an occupation and place of residence. A person doing military service is often exposed to adverse factors: emotional and physical overload, exposure to noise, vibration, chemical reagents, closed space, monotony, sensory deprivation, constant forced contact with other military personnel, lack of privacy, interpersonal tension, interpersonal conflicts,

All the problems and crises of Russian society are reflected in the Armed Forces, one of the country's social institutions. Thus, a decrease in the quality of health and intelligence of the population leads to the fact that people with serious somatic or mental illnesses enter the military service (on the other hand, unbearable army workloads, poor-quality nutrition with a pronounced protein-vitamin deficiency lead to the appearance or exacerbation of various diseases in military personnel ); the growth of crime in society, the increase in the scale of drug addiction and alcoholism cause an increase in the number of crimes committed by military personnel, the danger for the military personnel themselves to become a victim of a crime by their colleagues.

One of the acute problems of the modern Russian Armed Forces is the presence of several status systems in its ranks: an official (formal) "statutory" system of relations, determined by general legislation and departmental documents (charters, instructions, etc.); "grandfather" system, i.e. informal, but nevertheless widespread priority of old-time soldiers, imposed by themselves, and oppression, humiliation of recruits; "compatriotic" status system, according to which power and influence in military collectives are distributed depending on belonging to a certain territorial or national grouping. The presence of several status systems is a reflection of the anomie characteristic of modern society, i.e. the collapse of the old value systems, and a symptom of a general social moral and psychological crisis. The consequence of this situation is a decrease in the controllability of military collectives, a drop in discipline, violence to which military personnel are often subjected, the spread of suicide in the Armed Forces, and not only among privates and sergeants, which, as a rule, is due to "informal" relations in military collectives, but also among the officers.

Due to the socio-economic difficulties that the country is experiencing, the payment of salaries to servicemen is delayed, the logistics system is disintegrating, equipment and weapons are becoming obsolete. The collapse of the former ideological system, in which the Armed Forces occupied one of the leading places as a symbol of statehood, patriotism, the sacred duty of protecting the Fatherland from external enemies, the absence of other values that should have replaced the former ones, are the cause of the moral and psychological crisis of many military personnel, the feeling by them the aimlessness of their activities, the decline in the prestige of military service, the massive evasion of conscription into the army, the uncertainty of military personnel in the stability of their existence, their future.

The universality of military service does not seem justified to society: the majority of the population supports the transition of the Armed Forces to the contract principle of formation and exclusively voluntary military service by citizens. The lack of a constitutionally guaranteed right to alternative military service, weak legal and social protection for all categories of servicemen, economic and everyday difficulties - all this aggravates the moral and psychological well-being of servicemen.

The vagueness of plans for military reform, personnel prospects for military personnel, mass layoffs of officers without providing them with the housing and payments they are required by law, difficulties in finding a job after military service creates another problematic complex of the “transitional” period - between the end of military service and adaptation to civilian life. reality.

A special group is the problems of participants in wars and armed conflicts, and their readaptation to peaceful life. Firstly, persons who have been injured or, moreover, who have completely lost their health, ability to work, and the ability to socially function, do not currently enjoy an adequate level of social security; they and their families have a whole range of material, financial, housing, medical and social problems, for the solution of which neither they nor the state currently have enough resources.

Secondly, these military personnel, even those who were not injured in such armed conflicts, are carriers of the so-called "post-traumatic stress syndrome".

For the first time, such a condition was diagnosed in American veterans of the Vietnam War, and subsequently in many participants in "strange" armed conflicts. Its main symptoms are: mental weakness, in which minor problems are perceived as insurmountable obstacles that push people to display aggression or suicide, guilt towards the dead (for remaining alive), negative or dismissive attitude towards social institutions. Moreover, such phenomena do not disappear with time: the psychological problems of the former “Vietnamese” became aggravated 15-20 years after the end of the war; among them, there are one third more suicides and divorces and half as many alcoholics and drug addicts compared to the national average.

Unfortunately, in the history of our country there are a lot of "strange" wars and conflicts. In addition, a number of actions by representatives of the Armed Forces have not received public recognition, and their participants, who risked their lives and lost their health, do not have proper social security - for example, participants in the liquidation of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. This is a serious social problem, and its solution can only be complex: the adoption of social measures, the use of all types of rehabilitation of persons injured in the course of military service, the development of prosthetic services, the formation of an accessible environment for the disabled, the organization of psychological support, a change in the attitude of society towards persons who fulfilled their duty to the state and therefore deserve help and support.

Military families experience all the problems that are typical for any family, but they also have their own difficulties. Thus, the family of a military serviceman is deprived of his earnings - often the main source of income, which, in the presence of a child, puts the family in a difficult financial situation; the allowance paid in this case does not cover the needs of the child.

The resources of the family of a contract serviceman are involved in maintaining the defense capability along with the personal resources of the serviceman himself, ensuring to a large extent his health and performance. However, the family does not receive adequate compensation for these resources. The family follows the servicemen to their destination, where housing difficulties are very common, where there is no employment opportunity for the wife, and the climate is often unfavorable for children. Repeated relocations of the family of a serviceman to a new place of his service force children to adapt each time to a new school and a new team. Existence in the conditions of a military camp, fenced off from the outside world, can give rise to a syndrome of socio-psychological deprivation of military personnel and members of their families.

Another problem for the family of a serviceman is low income, since his salary lags behind the growth in the cost of living, especially from the specific needs of subsistence in military service, and additional earnings are prohibited by law. Military wives, even though they have higher education, as already mentioned, often cannot get a job due to the limited number of jobs, and unemployment benefits are paid only to a small part of them. All this often leads to the fact that the families of military personnel find themselves in a situation of social disaster.

Issues under consideration:

Military personnel and members of their families as an object of social work
Problems of social protection of servicemen and their families
Basic methods of social work with military personnel and their families

1. Military personnel and members of their families as an object of social work

A special group is the problems of participants in wars and armed conflicts, and their readaptation to peaceful life.
Firstly, persons who have been injured or, moreover, who have completely lost their health, ability to work, and the ability to socially function, do not currently enjoy an adequate level of social security; they and their families have a whole range of material, financial, housing, medical and social problems, for the solution of which neither they nor the state currently have enough resources.

Secondly, these military personnel, even those who were not injured in such armed conflicts, are carriers of the so-called "post-traumatic stress syndrome".

Psychological stress leads to the development of such psychosomatic diseases as ulcers, hypertension, asthma, etc. The most painful effect on the participants in such wars is the alienation of society, the debunking of the goals and methods of war.
Military families experience all the problems that are typical for any family, but they also have their own difficulties. Thus, the family of a military serviceman is deprived of his earnings - often the main source of income, which, in the presence of a child, puts the family in a difficult financial situation; the allowance paid in this case does not cover the needs of the child.

Military wives, even though they have higher education, as already mentioned, often cannot get a job due to the limited number of jobs, and unemployment benefits are paid only to a small part of them. All this often leads to the fact that the families of military personnel find themselves in a situation of social disaster.

2. Problems of social protection of servicemen and their families

The transition to a market economy, the reform of state structures, including the Armed Forces, necessitated strengthening the socio-economic security of servicemen.

Relating to a specific area of employment, military personnel perform socially responsible functions assigned to them by the state and society, and, like all people, they need consumer goods, services, and housing that they need to perform their military duty in a quality manner. The inability to satisfy certain needs affects the completeness of the duties performed.

At present, in the Russian Federation, the rights and socio-economic guarantees for military personnel are defined by a package of laws that legally ensure an average level of satisfaction of their needs. But their practical implementation in some areas will be difficult, despite the fact that appropriate decisions have been made in the legislative plan. The garden should include: housing, employment of family members of retired military personnel, social services.
The provision of housing is the most acute problem in modern conditions in the Russian Federation. Crisis phenomena in the economy, the collapse of union structures, the formation of the national Armed Forces led to the curtailment of housing construction in general and in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in particular. The army of the homeless grows from year to year, numbering in its ranks many tens of thousands of people. The lack of office space in the garrisons, due to its general lack, forces the military to rent "corners" from private individuals.

In this regard, their families are on the brink of a semi-destitute existence, since compensation for renting housing in practice is only a small fraction of the costs. It is impossible to satisfy the demand for necklaces by increasing the volume of construction in the current situation due to the lack of building materials, equipment, energy carriers and their high cost. The high market value and long construction periods do not allow retired servicemen to use non-refundable loans to purchase living space, while the size of their pensions and possible savings does not make it possible to make appropriate contributions to cooperative organizations or build housing themselves.

The construction of service housing is problematic for the same reason. Unemployment also puts pressure on military personnel and their families. At present, a significant number of family members of military personnel stationed in remote garrisons, most of whom have highly professional training, are subject to involuntary unemployment. And sometimes it lasts for years.

In addition, discharged military personnel experience difficulties in getting a job due to the specifics of their military activities. In the first case, the Law provides for the payment of compensation or benefits by the state to carefree family members. In the second, professional orientation and appropriate additional training of the dismissed are prescribed, providing them with living conditions and the opportunity to find a job for a certain period at a new, already permanent place of residence. In the absence of conditions for the implementation of the laws of the relevant infrastructure, it will be difficult to resolve these issues.

3. Basic methods of social work with military personnel and their families

Real social work with military personnel and members of their families is carried out through certain methods.

Organizational Methods- these are the methods and methods of activity used to solve organizational problems in the field of social work, - are divided into: organizational and administrative; organizational and coordinating; organizational and instructional; organizational and technical, etc. These methods help the social worker to adequately organize social and legal assistance and support to military personnel and their families, to inform them about the powers and responsibilities of various levels of government, social protection bodies and social services.

Pedagogical methods aimed at providing social assistance to a person as a single individual and as a member of the society in which the process of socialization and social orientation takes place. There are three main groups of these methods: methods of forming the consciousness of the individual (concepts, judgments, beliefs, assessments); methods of organizing cognitive, practical activities and behavior (assignments, tasks, exercises, creation of special educational situations); methods of stimulating the activity and behavior of the individual (evaluation, encouragement, censure, etc.).

These methods help to solve the problems of personal development of servicemen and their families in a socially useful way, to ensure an adequate process of their socialization, while influencing consciousness, activity and behavior.

Socio-psychological methods is a set of methods (methods, techniques for interacting with objects of social work), conditionally divided into several groups. Methods of psychological research: observation - a systematic and purposeful perception of mental phenomena in order to study their meaning and specific changes in certain conditions. The efficiency and accuracy of observations depend on the task at hand, the degree of experience and qualifications of the observer; experiment - active participation in a social situation on the part of a researcher who registers concomitant changes in the behavior or state of the object under study. If the area under study is unknown or poorly understood, or there is no system of hypotheses, a type of experiment is used: a laboratory experiment conducted in specially equipped rooms, which allows you to control all variables and determines a high degree of reliability and reliability of the results. However, under the conditions of this experiment, the subject rarely behaves in the same way as in real life situations, which sharply reduces his "ecological" reliability, since the behavior and state of a person change with changing environmental conditions; natural experiment - testing hypotheses through the study of personal characteristics and human behavior in natural conditions within the framework of everyday life; formative experiment - a combination of research methods with methods of influence, which allows you to regulate mental processes, influence the characteristics of the individual and her behavior, while simultaneously testing scientific hypotheses.

These methods allow a social worker to identify psychological deviations in the consciousness of military personnel and their families and help them to realize their illnesses, set them on the path leading to the resolution of both intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts.

Socio-economic methods- a set of techniques and methods by which actions are carried out that take into account the social interests and needs of people, ways to satisfy them are determined: in-kind and monetary assistance, the establishment of benefits and lump-sum benefits, patronage and domestic services, sanctions, etc. The following economic methods: statistical; mathematical; analysis of purposeful actions and an objective comparative assessment of the possible results of actions (method of making optimal decisions); balance; index; selective; technological analysis of time series, etc.

These methods help the social worker to form optimal social standards for military personnel and their families, create an effective system of their social protection, increase social mobility, as well as the effectiveness of the work of the state social service.

Methods of social work with military personnel and members of their families can be divided into the method of individual social work, the method of social work with a group and the community method.

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Course work

Social problems of military personnel

Introduction

Chapter 1. Social problems of a serviceman and his family

1.1 The main social problems of a serviceman and his family

1.2 Problems of social protection of a serviceman and members of his family

Chapter 2. Social work with a soldier and his family

2.1 Social security of a soldier and his family

2.2 Methods of social work with a soldier and his family

Conclusion

Bibliography

social security support family soldier

Introduction

Relevancework. The processes of state activity acquire the greatest social orientation in official acts, that is, in the process of determining the priority of development, the complex of human needs as the highest social values begins to be most taken into account, in accordance with which the formation of state social policy takes place. An integral sphere of activity of each society is the process of creating and improving branched effective systems that provide social protection. The main goal of social protection is the process of providing one-time or permanent comprehensive support to a person who is in a difficult situation in life, in order to ensure a more complete self-realization of a person.

Goal of the work is to identify the social problems of the serviceman and his family members.

Work tasks:

1. Consideration of social problems of a serviceman and his family.

2. Analysis of the conduct of social work with a serviceman and his family.

Work object- social problems of servicemen and their families in the current socio-economic situation in society.

Itemohmwork is the content, a set of principles and methods of social work with a serviceman and his family.

In our work, we used the following research methods: empirical (observation, description), theoretical (formalization, axiomatization, hypothetical-deductive method), general (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction, deduction, analogy, modeling, classification).

Social security is understood as a complex of constitutional, legislative support for all rights and freedoms of the individual. Under social protection understand the most specific concepts and reduce it to activities that ensure the realization of rights and freedoms.

In the world, there are 2 ways to solve problems related to the social protection of the population. In any developed capitalist country, the basis is the use of a positive approach, according to which the problems of social protection of the population are recognized, and various ways are developed in practice aimed at solving these problems.

In such states, social protection of the population has reached a high level. Such a high result was achieved due to the interaction of the processes of functioning of the economy based on market mechanisms; ongoing effective legislative process; activities of the state, which is aimed at ensuring the functioning of the adopted legislative act; interaction between the entrepreneur and the trade union to solve any socio-economic problem. In our country, unfortunately, this has not been achieved.

Using federal laws that consider the processes of social and legal support, insurance, vocational guidance, employment of a serviceman and his family, it is necessary to identify problems related to the social and legal protection of servicemen.

Use Using various methods of study, it is necessary to identify the existence of a discrepancy between social and legal aspects and real social assistance and support for the military personnel of our country.

The problem is the process of searching for a new humanistic principle and method of social work with a serviceman and his family, as well as the real resolution of inconsistencies in the theoretical and practical bases of social and legal support for servicemen. Kholostova E.I. Social work: theory and practice. - M.: INFRA - M, 2007. - 427 p. The work consists of an introduction containing the relevance of the topic, purpose, tasks, subject, object and methods of work; 2 chapters, which deal with the social problems of military personnel and the activities of social workers with military personnel and their families; conclusion and bibliography.

Chapter 1. Social problems of a serviceman and his family

1.1 The main social problems of a serviceman and his family

The most acute problem of the Russian military is currently represented by the presence of more than one status system:

The presence of an official (formal) "statutory" system of relations, which is determined by general laws and departmental acts, such as charters, instructions, etc.);

The presence of the "grandfather" system, which consists in the informal, but very common priority of the old-timer soldier, implanted by himself, accompanied by the oppression and humiliation of new soldiers;

The presence of a "compatriotic" status system, which consists in power and influence in the military collective, which is distributed in accordance with belonging to certain territorial or national groups.

The socio-economic difficulties characteristic of our country have led to a delay in the payment of salaries to a serviceman, the collapse of logistics systems, obsolescence of equipment and weapons.

The process of the collapse of the former ideological current, in which the soldier occupied a leading place as a symbol of state power and such phenomena as patriotism, the sacred duty of protecting the Motherland from enemy attacks, led to the absence of new value orientations and the disappearance of old ones. All these processes led to the emergence of moral and psychological crises of the Armed Forces of Russia, to the fact that the servicemen feel their activities are aimless, there is a drop in the prestige of the servicemen, mass evasion from the army, there is an uncertainty of the military in a stable life, in a bright future.

A special group is represented by the problems that participants in wars and armed conflicts experience, as well as the processes of readaptation of such military personnel to a peaceful existence.

An acute problem is that the military, who were injured, lost their health, ability to work, social functioning, do not receive adequate social security in our country. Such military personnel and members of their families are faced with material, financial, housing, medical, and social problems that the military personnel themselves and the state cannot solve in modern conditions.

Also an important problem is that the military, who were not injured in an armed conflict, are carriers of "post-traumatic stress syndromes".

Psychological stress leads to the emergence of diseases of a psychosomatic nature: ulcers, hypertension, asthma, and others.

The most painful impact on the participant in the war is social alienation, the process of debunking the purpose and method of armed conflict.

A soldier and his family face all the problems that are typical of any other family, while they also have a complex of their own difficulties.

Often the families of military men who serve in military service are deprived of the earnings of the head of the family, which are the main source of income. As a result, the family of such a military man, especially with children, faces great material problems.

Benefits that are paid in such cases do not cover all the costs necessary for the maintenance of the child.

Also, an acute problem of military personnel and their families is low security. The salaries of the military do not correspond to the increase in the cost of living. They generally do not provide for the specific needs of the life of the military in the service, and additional earnings are prohibited by law.

A military wife, even one with a college degree, is often unable to find a job due to limited vacancies, and unemployment benefits are paid to only a small number of such women. Asmolov A. G. Psychology of personality. - M.: MGU, 2008. - 367 p.

The existence of all these problems has led to the fact that many military personnel and members of their families are socially poor.

1.2 Problems of social protection of a servicemanhisAndits memberssemuh

The process of transition to a market system, reforming the state structure, incl. and the Armed Forces of Russia, led to an urgent need to strengthen such a process as the socio-economic security of a serviceman and his family.

A serviceman belongs to special areas of employment, performs a socially responsible function assigned to him by the government and the social system. A serviceman, like every person, needs a combination of consumer goods, services, and the availability of housing. All this is necessary for military personnel and their families so that they can live and fulfill their military duty in a quality manner.

The fact that now in our country, unfortunately, is impossible is the satisfaction of certain needs, which has a great influence on the completeness of the duty of military personnel.

Today, in our country, military personnel have a list of rights and socio-economic guarantees defined by laws, which in a legal context provide an average level of satisfaction of the various needs of military personnel.

Unfortunately, in practice, the process of their implementation in some areas is difficult, despite the fact that there is an appropriate solution to these problems in the legislative plan.

Such problems include the processes of providing apartments, employment of the family of the dismissed serviceman, and social services. Instruction on the organization of compulsory state insurance of life and health of military personnel of federal state protection bodies and citizens called up for military training of June 15, 2005 N 233. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

The process of providing residential property is the most acute problem in modern conditions in our country.

The processes of the emergence of crisis economic phenomena, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the formation of the national army caused the curtailment of housing construction in general and for the Russian military in particular.

The number of military personnel without housing is constantly increasing, and already numbers several tens of thousands.

The fact that there is no office space in the garrison due to its general shortage has led to the fact that military personnel are forced to rent a "corner" from a private person.

That is why military personnel and members of their families are on the verge of semi-beggary, since the state does not pay any compensation to military personnel for renting apartments.

Satisfying the needs for housing in the process of increasing the volume of construction in the current situations is impossible due to the lack of building materials, technical equipment, and energy carriers.

The presence of a high market value, as well as a long construction period, does not allow a retired serviceman to use non-repayable loans for the purchase of housing, since the size of the pension and possible accumulation of a serviceman does not allow him to make an appropriate contribution to a cooperative organization or to carry out the process of building housing himself. Nikitin V.A. Social work: problems of theory and training of specialists. - M.: 2007. - 236 p.

The process of erecting service dwellings is also problematic because of this. Soldiers and members of their families also feel the negative impact of rising unemployment.

Now a significant part of the families of military personnel are located in remote garrisons, most of which have high professional training, but they are subject to involuntary unemployment. Which often lasts for many years.

Dismissed military personnel face difficulties in finding employment due to the specifics of their service.

When military personnel face employment problems related to the remoteness of their garrisons, the state must by law pay compensation or benefits to the unemployed category of the military and their families.

When military personnel encounter employment problems related to the specifics of their service, the state should prescribe vocational guidance, as well as appropriate additional training for the retired military, provide him with housing conditions, employment opportunities. On military duty and military service: Federal Law of March 6, 1998. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

If there are no conditions under which it will be possible to implement legislative acts on this infrastructure, the solution of existing problems will be difficult.

Chapter2. Social work with a soldier and his family

2.1 Social security of a soldier and his family

In accordance with the Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, it is mandatory to demonstrate sensitivity, attentiveness to a subordinate; in a relationship, tactlessness, rudeness is unacceptable; it is necessary to combine high demands and adherence to principles with respect for the personality of the subordinate; it is mandatory to take measures to solve a domestic issue and ensure the right and social protection of a serviceman, as well as a person dismissed from the army, and his family; creation of conditions conducive to the development of technical and other creative abilities; creation of conditions conducive to cultural growth and recreation, health promotion and physical development; soliciting for subordinates before seniors in rank. Ivanov V.N. Social technologies. - M.: MGSU "Soyuz", 2006. - 432 p.

Currently, there is an increase in budgetary allocations for the provision of housing to a serviceman and a person equated to him, for the social protection of a serviceman and a person equated to him, his family, and people who are dismissed from the army.

The family of a serviceman, and people who are dismissed from the army due to age criteria, poor health, or as a result of organizational and staff activities, as well as the military and their families who were forced to leave a life-threatening area and become refugees, must be registered by the local authorities in a new apartment.

Military personnel should be given priority rights to join a housing construction (housing) cooperative, or a land plot should be allocated for the construction of an individual residential house, or an apartment or an individual residential house should be sold from state, municipal, departmental housing funds on preferential terms determined by the state.

Complex of rights and benefits serviceman and his family (the right to free medical care in a military medical unit, unit and institution.

During the holidays, the military must be provided with sanatorium-resort vouchers, for them it is necessary to organize rest for payment in a sanatorium, rest house, boarding house, at a tourist base of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation or in a sanatorium-resort and health institution of another ministry or department of the Russian Federation).

This should also apply to an officer dismissed from the army due to age criteria and poor health or as a result of organizational and staff measures, as well as to those servicemen who have served in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for twenty or more years. All this should also apply to the families of military personnel.

Military personnel, citizens discharged from the army, and members of their families must, like all other citizens of the Russian Federation, be guaranteed a share of state property by privatizing it.

Military personnel who were dismissed from the army due to age criteria, poor health, or as a result of organizational and staff measures, as well as those military personnel who have served in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for twenty or more years, should be exempted from paying land taxes and property taxes.

They must also be exempted by the local authorities in full or in part from the payment of other taxes.

According to Law of the Russian Federation of 6.07. 91 "On Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" the right to assign and pay pensions were granted to district (city) administrative bodies as the executive body of state power in the field.

Now this law is applied in an aspect that does not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation (according to clause two of section 2 "Final and transitional provisions") and the law of August 28, 1995 "On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation" (according to clause three articles of the seventh).

The existing legislative regulation of the duties of a district (city) administrative body, regardless of whether these are local authorities or bodies that are part of the system of executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, prescribes to all these bodies the mandatory appointment and payment of state pensions to the military.

In accordance with Article 8 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On State Pensions in the Russian Federation", the payment of pensions assigned in accordance with this Law is financed by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation at the expense of insurance contributions from employers, citizens and appropriations from the federal budget.

The powers to assign, calculate, recalculate and pay state pensions were not granted by these acts to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

In addition, it should be borne in mind that the payment of pensions to military personnel on a non-insurance basis (military personnel and categories of persons equated to them and members of their families), which are also financed by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, is carried out by the relevant ministries and departments. On the budget of the pension fund of the Russian Federation for 2006 dated December 9, 2005: Federal Law of the Russian Federation. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

2 . 2 Mmethodssocial workwith a soldierAndhis family

Real social work with a soldier and his family can be carried out using certain methods.

The first group of methods is called OorganizationalX methods. They are a set of techniques and methods of activity that are used in solving various organizational problems of social work.

Organizational methods are divided into:

Organizational and administrative;

Organizational and coordinating;

Organizational and instructive;

Organizational and technical and others.

The complex of these methods helps social workers to carry out an adequate organization of social and legal assistance and support to a serviceman and his family, informing the military about the powers and responsibilities of various levels of government, social security and social services.

The second group of methods is called PpedagogicallyX methods. Such methods are used in the process of providing social assistance to a serviceman as an individual and as a member of society in which the processes of socialization and social orientation are taking place.

There are 3 main types of pedagogical methods:

The method of formation of the consciousness of individuals (concepts, judgments, beliefs, assessments);

The method of organizing cognitive, practical activities and behavior (assignments, tasks, exercises, the process of creating specific educational conditions);

The method of stimulating the activity and behavior of the individual (evaluation, encouragement, censure, etc.).

Socio-psychological methods- this is a set of methods (methods, methods of interaction with objects of social work), conditionally divided into several groups.

Methods of psychological research:

1. Observation - a systematic and purposeful perception of mental phenomena in order to study their meaning and specific changes in certain conditions. The efficiency and accuracy of observations depend on the task at hand, the degree of experience and qualifications of the observer.

2. Experiment - active participation in a social situation on the part of the researcher, registering concomitant changes in the behavior or state of the object under study. If the area under study is unknown, or poorly understood, or there is no system of hypotheses, a type of experiment is used: a laboratory experiment conducted in specially equipped rooms, which allows you to control all variables, and causes a high degree of reliability and reliability of the results. However, under the conditions of this experiment, the subject rarely behaves in the same way as in real life situations, which sharply reduces his "ecological" reliability, since the behavior and state of a person change with changing environmental conditions; natural experiment - testing hypotheses through the study of personal characteristics and human behavior in natural conditions within the framework of everyday life; formative experiment - a combination of research methods with methods of influence, which allows you to regulate mental processes, influence the characteristics of the individual and her behavior, while simultaneously testing scientific hypotheses.

These methods allow a social worker to identify psychological deviations in the consciousness of military personnel and their families and, helping them to realize their illnesses, set them on the path leading to the resolution of both intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts.

The following economic methods are used in social work:

Statistical;

Mathematical;

Analysis of purposeful actions and an objective comparative assessment of the possible results of actions (method of making optimal decisions);

Balance;

Index;

Selective;

Technological analysis of time series, etc.

Methods of social work with military personnel and members of their families can be divided into:

Method of individual social work;

Method of social work with a group;

community method. Pavlenok P.D. Fundamentals of social work. - M.: Infra - M, 2008. - 395 p.

The method of individual social work is a direct assistance to the subject through personal interaction in the process of his adaptation to new living conditions.

This method involves not only the planning of care, but also the implementation of the necessary procedures to identify the optimal interaction (counseling, social therapy, psychosocial rehabilitation).

During the course of their work, the social worker must:

Establish primary communication and determine the needs of military personnel and their families in social services;

Study the problem; motivate the need for social assistance;

conceptualize the problem;

Identify and investigate a proposed solution;

Choose a strategic direction;

Implement solutions to the problem, etc.

The method of social work with a group involves working both as a whole with a group of military personnel and members of their families, and in a group - with each of its members separately.

In this case, various areas of human activity are studied, which contributes to a more effective resolution of the problems and difficulties that have arisen.

Group work can also be carried out with joint groups (families) that have similar problems or similar tasks.

The purpose of using the method of group work is to help the client through the transfer of group experience for the development of his physical and spiritual strength, the formation of social behavior.

The realization of this goal can be achieved either by organizing group activities and social activity of group members in achieving generally significant goals, or by expanding the scope of individual experience and self-awareness in intensive communication, or by including the group in productive creative activity. Social work in the community is professional assistance to individuals, groups, collectives of military personnel and members of their families living in the same territory and having common problems.

In this case, the main methods of work are:

Social diagnostics;

Social forecasting;

Social planning of the microsocial environment;

Social and therapeutic work;

Development of the system of territorial self-government;

Charitable actions in the microsocial environment;

Practical work in the community.

The main goal of social work in the community is to achieve cooperation and the creation of an organizational base for the activities of regional specialists, as well as the activation of various groups of the population, communes or communities.

Social work in the community is based on the territorial principle and covers many target groups.

Moreover, the microsocial environment puts forward special requirements for social work with the military family as the main unit of our society, since here the whole family acts as a patient.

The social worker must remember that difficult to understand or even strange behavior of a family member may be due to his hidden suffering, mental pain, which must be taken into account if the social worker really wants to help the family and normalize the situation in it.

In general, we can say that a social worker must master all the methods of social work, both theoretical, empirical, and general, general scientific. Kholostova E.I. Technologies of social work. - M.: INFRA - M, 2011. - 400 p.

Proper use by social workers of all these types of methods allows them to identify the problems of military personnel and their families and find ways to solve them.

Conclusion

In modern times, there is a qualitative development of legislative acts related to the provision of social and legal assistance and support for a serviceman and his family.

Only in a theoretical aspect, people serving in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and their families have a reliable guarantee.

Medico-social, pedagogical, psychological, psychiatric and other assistance, which provides the basis for the psychosomatic health of people serving and their families, has been qualitatively developed, also only theoretically.

The problems of socio-economic security, including the payment of benefits, pensions, insurance and services for the military and their families, are also at a high level, but, unfortunately, again, only a theoretical one.

An analysis of the main social problems of servicemen, the process of theoretical understanding and empirical observation of the life of the military and their families, makes it possible to conclude that the main problem in modern Russia lies in a clear contradiction between the theoretical and practical aspects related to the provision, maintenance and protection of a serviceman. and his family.

The main reason for the existing problems is the lack of highly qualified specialists who work in the social sphere and selflessly help the military and their families find ways to adequately resolve the existing social problems of military personnel and their families.

Social workers must know and be able to use all methods of social work, both theoretical, empirical, and universal, general scientific, to provide the soldier and his family with competent solutions to their social problems. If a soldier does not receive competent assistance, then he and his family have the right to file a lawsuit in the proceedings.

The judiciary is responsible for ensuring that all citizens, regardless of race, nationality, financial status, education, health or literacy, have access to justice.

All activities of the court should be based on the idea of serving citizens and facilitating access to justice.

It is the direct work to facilitate access to justice that strengthens public confidence in the judiciary.

It is also possible to identify the reason for the weak financial base of the institutions of social protection and social work in general, and military personnel and families, which is partly due to the political and economic instability of the state and society at the present historical stage.

This reason is a significant "brake" on the way to quality assistance and support to servicemen and their families in the material aspect of their general well-being and active life.

There are still many unrevealed and unresolved social issues that allow one to penetrate deeper into the essence of the social problems of military personnel and members of their families, and to organize the most fruitful methods for resolving them. Kholostova E.I. Theory of social work. - M.: Lawyer, 2008. - 334 p.

In the Russian Federation, it is necessary to more fully comprehend the existing social problems of the military and their families and constantly improve the theoretical justifications for solving problems, develop the empirical aspect of research, and most importantly, organize real practical assistance to the serviceman and his family in the process of resolving his social problems.

The main thing to remember is that the best problem solving is the process of anticipating these problems and preventing them from occurring.

Bibliography

1. Asmolov A. G. Psychology of personality. - M.: MGU, 2008. - 367 p.

2. Gladding S. G Psychological counseling. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007. - 736 p.

3. Ivanov V.N. Social technologies. - M.: MGSU "Soyuz", 2006. - 432 p.

4. Instruction on the organization of compulsory state insurance of life and health of military personnel of the federal bodies of state protection and citizens called up for military training of June 15, 2005 N 233. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

5 . Krol V. M. Psychology and Pedagogy. - M.; Higher school., 2009.-325 p.

6. Nikitin V.A. Social work: problems of theory and training of specialists. - M.: 2007. - 236 p.

7. Pavlenok P.D. Fundamentals of social work. - M.: Infra - M, 2008. - 395 p.

8. On the status of servicemen: Federal Law of March 6, 1998. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

9 . On military duty and military service: Federal Law of March 6, 1998. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

1 0. On the Federal Budget for 2007: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2006 N 238-FZ. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

1 1. On the budget of the pension fund of the Russian Federation for 2006 dated December 9, 2005: Federal Law of the Russian Federation. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

1 2. Decree of June 25, 2001 N 9-p on the case of checking the constitutionality of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 27, 200 N 1709 "On measures to improve the management of state pension provision in the Russian Federation" in connection with the request of a group of deputies of the State Duma: Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

13. Raygorodsky D. Ya. Psychology of the family. - Samara: Publishing House "BAHRAKH-M", 2009. - 752 p.

14. Order of April 28, 2005 N 505-r (as amended by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 12, 2005 N 1647-r): Government of the Russian Federation. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

1 5. Decision of August 19, 2005 N VKPI05-80: Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. - Consultant Plus: Higher School, 2008.

1 6. Kholostova E.I. Technologies of social work. - M.: INFRA - M, 2011. - 400 p.

17. Kholostova E.I. Theory of social work. - M.: Lawyer, 2008. - 334 p.

18. Kholostova E.I. Social work: theory and practice. - M.: INFRA - M, 2007. - 427 p.

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A citizen doing military service is a soldier and has a legal status determined by law.

Military service is a special type of public service of citizens in the Armed Forces. The forces of the Russian Federation, other troops (border troops; internal troops; government communications troops providing communications with military command and control; railway troops of the Russian Federation; civil defense troops), foreign intelligence agencies and federal state security agencies(Law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service", Section VI, Art. 35).

Recognized as unfit or partially fit for health reasons;

Performing or having completed military or alternative service;

who have completed military service in the armed forces of another state;

Having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for a serious crime;

A citizen whose brother was killed or died during military service by conscription.

The terms of military service on conscription are established by the legislator, for those undergoing military service under a contract - by contract.

The problems of military personnel (and their families) are due to the duties assigned to them for the armed defense of the state, which provides for the fulfillment of the assigned tasks in any conditions, including with a possible risk to life. This determines the characteristics of the social-role system in which they operate. The functional duties of military personnel are strictly regulated, and the subordination structure is strictly hierarchical. Orders of superiors are not discussed and are subject to strict implementation, regardless of the attitude towards the order of the person who receives it. In addition, a soldier (and in a number of cases his family) there is no opportunity to choose occupation and place of residence. A person doing military service is often exposed to adverse factors: emotional and physical overload, exposure to noise, vibration, chemical reagents, closed space, monotony, sensory deprivation, constant forced contact with other military personnel, lack of privacy, interpersonal tension, interpersonal conflicts,

Secondly, these military personnel, even those who were not injured in such armed conflicts, are carriers of the so-called "post-traumatic stress syndrome".

Another problem for the family of a serviceman is low income, since his salary lags behind the growth in the cost of living, especially from the specific needs of subsistence in military service, and additional earnings are prohibited by law. Military wives, even though they have higher education, as already mentioned, often cannot get a job due to the limited number of jobs, and unemployment benefits are paid only to a small part of them. All this often leads to the fact that the families of military personnel find themselves in a situation of social disaster.

For a more detailed analysis of the problems of the modern family, it is necessary to understand:

What is family;

What are the functions of the family;

What is family education;

What are the characteristics of a family?

Features of the modern family, etc.

The family is a cell (small social group) of society, the most important form of organizing personal life, based on marital union and family ties, i.e. on multilateral relations between husband and wife, parents and children, brothers and sisters and other relatives living together and leading a common household.

Based on the definition, the family is a complex phenomenon. We can at least highlight the following characteristics:

The family is the cell of society, one of its institutions;

The family is the most important form of organization of personal life,

The family is a marital union;

Family - multilateral relations with relatives;

The family is the subject and object of socio-pedagogical activity.

Based on the fact that the family is a personal environment for the life and development of its members, the quality of this environment is determined by a number of parameters:

1) demographic (family structure): large - includes other relatives; nuclear - includes only parents and children; complete - both parents and children; incomplete - without 1, 2 parents; childless - no children; one-child - 1 child; small children - 2-3 children; large - more than 3 children;

2) socio-cultural (educational level of parents, their participation in society); property characteristics and employment of parents at work;

3) technical and hygienic (living conditions, lifestyle features).

The main functions of the family are: reproductive, economic (economic), communicative, leisure and recreation, educational.

The modern family is very significantly different from the family of the past not only in a different economic function, but also in a radical change in its emotional and psychological functions. The relationship between children and parents has been changing over the past decades, becoming more and more emotional and psychological. They are determined by the depth of their attachment to each other, because for an increasing number of people, it is children who become one of the main values of life. But this, paradoxically, does not simplify family life, but only complicates it. There are many reasons for this, the main ones are:

1) A large number of families have one child each and consist of two generations - parents and children, grandparents; other relatives tend to live separately. As a result, parents do not have the opportunity to use the experience and support of the previous generation on a daily basis, and the applicability of this experience is often problematic. Thus, the variety introduced by the elderly into interpersonal relationships disappears.

2) The status of "male" and "female" labor is changing. The sphere of application of male labor is decreasing, the status of a woman is increasing - often her earnings exceed the material and monetary allowance of her husband.

3) The relationship of spouses is increasingly determined by the depth of their mutual affection, so the level of their expectations towards each other rises sharply. However, expectations are often not justified due to a lack of culture and individual characteristics.

4) The relationship between children and parents has become more complicated and problematic. Children early acquire a high status in the family. They often have a higher level of education, the opportunity to spend most of their free time outside the family. They fill this time with activities accepted among their peers and do not always care about the approval of their pastime by their parents.

The educational function is the most important function of the family. In the educational activities of the family, three aspects can be distinguished:

The systematic educational impact of the family team on each of its members throughout his life;

The constant responsibility of parents to their children, encouraging them to actively engage in self-education, self-improvement;

The pedagogical influence of parents on their children;

Family education - more or less conscious efforts to raise children, undertaken by older members of the family. It is aimed at ensuring that the younger members of the family correspond to the older ideas about what a child, teenager, and youth should be and become.

1) personal resources of the family (the presence of parents), siblings (brothers, sisters), close relatives included in family life (grandparents, aunts, uncles, etc.); qualitative characteristics of family members: a) health status; b) nature, level and type of education; c) individual hobbies; d) tastes; e) value orientations; f) social attitudes; g) the level of claims;

2) the relationship of elders to younger ones to their upbringing as to their unconditional duties, which are determined by the degree of their participation in upbringing;

3) the nature of the interaction between seniors and juniors.

The style of relationships in the family between parents and children can be authoritarian and democratic.

1. Authoritarian (powerful) style. It is characterized by the desire of the elders to subordinate the younger ones to their maximum influence, to stop their initiative, to strictly enforce their requirements, to completely control their behavior, interests and even desires. This is achieved through vigilant control over the lives of the younger ones and the use of punishments. The obsessive desire of parents to completely control not only behavior, but also the inner world, thoughts and desires of children can lead to conflicts: some parents view their children as wax and clay from which a person can be molded; if the child resists, he is punished, beaten mercilessly, forcing out his self-will. The initiative comes only from the elders. This style, on the one hand, disciplines the younger ones and forms in them attitudes and behaviors that are desirable for older ones, on the other hand, it can cause alienation from the elders, hostility, protest, aggression, apathy and passivity in children.

2. The democratic style is characterized by the desire of the elders to establish warm relations with the younger ones, to involve them in solving problems, to encourage initiative and independence. The elders explain the motives of their demands to the younger ones, encourage their discussion by the younger ones, in the younger ones they value both obedience and independence. In relationships with children, they often rely on trust instead of control. The main means of education are approval, encouragement. Communication is two-way. This style brings up independence, responsibility, activity, friendliness, tolerance.

In the process of family education, the following tasks are solved:

A personality is formed, its abilities and interests develop;

There is a transfer of social experience accumulated by society;

Family members develop a worldview, a responsible attitude to work;

A sense of collectivism is instilled, the need to be the owner, to observe the norms of behavior;

The intellect is enriched, aesthetic development and physical improvement are carried out, the skills of a sanitary and hygienic culture are developed.

The family has the following educational opportunities for the formation of the child's personality:

1. The family provides for the physical and emotional development of the child. In infancy, early childhood, it plays a role that other institutions cannot assume.

2. Influences the formation of the psychological sex of the child. In the first three years, the child masters the attributes of the sex assigned to him; a set of personal characteristics, features of emotional reactions, various attitudes, tastes, behavioral patterns.

3. Plays a leading role in the mental development of the child. Studies have shown that the differences in the mental development of children who grew up in prosperous and dysfunctional families are significant.

4. It is important in the child's mastery of social norms. Studies have shown that the choice of a spouse and the nature of communication in the family are determined by the atmosphere and relationships in the parental family.

5. Predetermines the social development of a person. Approval, support, indifference or condemnation affect a person's claims, help or hinder him from finding ways out in difficult situations, adapting to changing circumstances.

6. Forms the fundamental value orientations of a person.

The socio-pedagogical characteristics of families of military personnel reflect some trends: families of military personnel (officers, ensigns) are still characterized by the strength of marriage foundations, high adaptive capabilities, the ability to endure hardships, deprivations, disorder of life and at the same time maintain a more or less stable psychological state of their members, they have a lower percentage of family breakdown compared to some other social strata.

To a certain extent, the corporatism and collectivism of the families of servicemen in military camps and the interest in creating good social conditions for children are preserved.

The negative trends include the following:

Significantly weakened attention to the problems of the families of military personnel on the part of the governing bodies (command, headquarters, bodies of educational work). The system of activity in this area is destroyed. Socio-psychological support for families is weak. The housing and material security of military families is low.

Many years of experience in working with the families of military personnel is not used, it is consigned to oblivion.

Manifestations of indifference, indifference, callousness to the problems of military families. Young families suffer the most from this.

Work with the families of servicemen is not systemic (formalism, bureaucracy, etc.)

Weak work is being done to strengthen the family of servicemen, to prevent their disintegration and divorce.