Puberty. Stages of puberty in adolescent boys, early and late onset of adulthood

Both adolescents and their parents are interested in nutrition during puberty. Most often this is explained by the desire of the former to get rid of the problems with the figure that may arise during this period, and the desire of the latter to sincerely help their children to survive it painlessly.

What is puberty

Puberty, or puberty- this is a natural process, as a result of which changes occur in the body of a teenager, making him an adult capable of procreation. It starts with the help of signals that come from the brain to the sex glands. In response, they produce certain hormones that stimulate the growth and development of the brain, skin, bones, muscles, hair, breasts, and reproductive organs.

Girls puberty usually occurs between the ages of 9 and 14 and is controlled predominantly by hormones such as estrogen and estradiol, in boys- at the age of 10 - 17 years. They, respectively, "reinforce" take on testosterone and androgen.

All these changes are often visible to the surrounding naked eye. And it's not even about the increased growth and development of individual organs and systems. And in mood swings, irritability, and sometimes aggressiveness, which are associated with puberty. In the same period, many adolescents have low self-esteem, self-doubt and dissatisfaction with themselves.

Recently, scientists have started talking about precocious puberty, which can begin in girls at an earlier age. Various factors can provoke it, as well as delay it:

1. 1 Genes– in 2013, scientists from the University of São Paulo in Brazil, together with their Boston colleagues, published a sensational article in the New England Journal of Medicine. As a result of research, they discovered a new gene - MKRN3, which in some cases provokes the development of premature puberty. In addition, it is a well-known fact that 46% of girls begin puberty at the same age as their mothers.
2. 2 Environment- there is an opinion that phthalates - chemicals that are used in the manufacture of toys, plastic products or cosmetics, as well as waste from pharmaceutical companies specializing in the production of sex steroids, undergoing incomplete processing, enter the environment. And even in small concentrations, they can provoke the onset of early puberty (at 7 years and earlier).
3. 3 Racial or national differences: the beginning of menstruation in girls of different nations varies between 12 and 18 years. For representatives of the Negroid race, menarche occurs before everyone else, for representatives of the Asian, living in mountainous areas, after all.
4. 4 Diseases- some of them can provoke a hormonal surge and, as a result, the onset of early sexual development.
5. 5 Nutrition.

The effect of food on puberty

Diet has a huge impact on the process of sexual development, especially in girls. Excessively fatty and high-calorie food, which brings additional energy that is not used by the body, subsequently accumulates in it in the form of subcutaneous fat. And he, as you know, is responsible for bearing and feeding offspring and, at some point, signals that his quantity is already enough and the body is ready for procreation. This is confirmed by the results of studies that were conducted at the University of Michigan and were published in 2007 in the journal " Pediatrics».

All types of fish - it has protein, healthy fats, omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated acids, which are responsible for the functioning of the brain, as well as phosphorus, potassium and magnesium.

Apples are a source of iron and boron, which strengthen bones. In addition, they improve digestion, effectively cleanse the body and prevent the appearance of excess weight.

Peaches - they enrich the body with potassium, iron and phosphorus. And also improve the functioning of the brain and heart, relieve nervous and emotional stress.

Citrus fruits are a source of vitamin C and antioxidants that boost immunity and help the body fight stress.

Carrots - it contains potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron, as well as vitamins A, B, C, E, PP, K. Regular consumption of carrots improves vision and the functioning of the cardiovascular system, prevents depression and excess weight.

It is clear to everyone that the process of growing up is inevitable. Cute little kids turn into wayward and naughty teenagers. Over time, this also passes, humanity is replenished with adult men and women. Puberty of boys and girls is not the same, in different age periods. This process is physiological, but sometimes has pathological deviations. It is useful for parents and adolescents to know what processes occur in the body during puberty. Today we will talk about the transformation of a boy into a man.

Puberty in boys affects not only the change in anthropometric data, anatomy and physiology of the genital organs, but also the psycho-emotional sphere. The main role in the ongoing changes is played by the central nervous system and endocrine glands. Around the age of 11-13 years, the production of substances called GnRH begins in the brain in the area of ​​the hypothalamus. Initially, they are produced only at night, but soon the secretion becomes constant. Gonadoliberins act on the pituitary gland and activate the production of pituitary hormones, including growth hormone (GH).

Under the influence of growth hormone, the boy begins to grow. Growth occurs in leaps, first by 10 cm per year at the age of 10-11 years, by the age of 13 the increase is another 7-8 cm. Growth continues until about 22 years old, but at a slow pace. The development and lengthening of the bone skeleton goes in parallel with the growth of muscle mass. These processes, as a rule, are not balanced. Outwardly, the teenager looks somewhat awkward, with long arms and legs, enlarged palms and feet. Sports and proper nutrition help a teenager quickly get rid of complexes and gain confidence in communication.

Under the influence of pituitary hormones, the production of androgens begins, of which testosterone is the main one. The transformation of a boy into a man occurs under his influence.

Androgens affect the lengthening and coarsening of the vocal cords, the growth of the larynx. For this reason, by the age of 15, the voice breaks down, it acquires a masculine timbre. The larynx is also undergoing changes due to the appearance of the Adam's apple, which is also called "Adam's apple", emphasizing belonging to the masculine gender.

Androgens increase the production of sebum by the sebaceous glands. Related to this is the problem of juvenile acne and acne. Boys are no less painful than girls are experiencing this problem. Also, the sweat glands begin to work actively under the influence of hormones. Groin, armpits, feet also become a source of problems for a teenager. Parents should reassure the child, explaining the temporality of skin problems and the need for hygiene measures, and prohibit squeezing acne.

Signs of adolescence

Much more attention of a teenager is occupied by signs of maturation in boys associated with an increase in the testicles, penis and male body hair. It is no coincidence that when “male dignity” is mentioned, everyone understands what it is about.

In a seven-year-old child, the testicles have an average size of 2.7 cm, and the penis is 3-3.5 cm. By the age of 13-15, the testicles increase to 3.6-3.7 cm, the penis - about 2 times. The enlargement of the testicles is accompanied by the beginning of the process of spermatogenesis, the seminal vesicles produce sperm. At 12-14 years old, a teenager has a spontaneous erection, accompanied by ejaculation. At this age, manifestations of signs of maturation are expressed in the form of pollutions - spontaneous nocturnal ejaculations.

Under the influence of testosterone, the process of the appearance of hair on the genitals and armpits begins.

The first hair appears around the penis. Then the growth of hair continues on the pubis and rises higher along the front wall of the abdomen - to the navel. The next stage of hair growth is the thighs, armpits, chest and nipples. A youthful fluff on the upper lip first appears on the face, usually at the age of 14-15, by the age of 17-18 there is a growth of a beard. The size of the penis excites not only maturing boys. Maturity in a man causes a desire to compare the size of his dignity with others, to allay fears that he is the owner of a small reproductive organ. It is not necessary to compare with friends, it is enough to focus on the parameters of the norm.

How to measure the penis correctly? The penis should be in a state of erection, the penis should be rejected parallel to the floor, attach a ruler to it and measure the size from the pubis to the head. The thickness of the penis is measured with a centimeter tape around the circumference in the middle of the trunk. There is the following gradation:

• The length of the penis with an erection less than 10 cm - micropenis;
• 10-12 cm - a small penis;
• 12-18 cm - average penis;
• more than 18 cm - a large penis;
• The average circumference of the penis is 12–13 cm.

What affects the size of male dignity? It may seem strange to some, but race determines the size of the penis. The average size for Europeans, small for the Chinese, and the largest for the representatives of the Negroid race.

The penis size depends on the level of testosterone in the blood, but the height of a man and the size of his dignity are in no way connected.

Sexologists say that the size of the penis is nothing more than just numbers. The technique of sex, the duration of sexual intercourse, the ability to deliver real pleasure to a woman do not depend on the size of the penis. Summarizing the above, we note the main stages of puberty in boys:

• Spasmodic growth of the body;
• Enlargement of the testicles and penis;
• Gradual body hair according to the male pattern.

The presented stages are typical for most boys, but there are deviations in both directions.

Violation of the maturation process

Absence of puberty occurs most often in hereditary diseases and chromosomal abnormalities. The following situations serve as examples.

• Klinefelter's syndrome is an excess of the X chromosome. The child's karyotype is 47XXY. Such an individual has a micropenis, they are tall, but of a eunuchoid constitution, often gynecomastia, hair is scanty, intelligence is reduced;
• Anorchism or absence of testicles. There are no signs of maturation;
• XX male. Somehow, the female X chromosome transforms into a male. The constitution is male, average height, the penis is there, the intellect is preserved. Sex life is possible, but there is infertility;
• Gonadal dyskinesia - in the presence of a penis, an individual has internal female organs (uterus, appendages).

Delayed maturation contribute to:

• chronic diseases;
• Past injuries and surgeries;
• State of neuroendocrine status;
• features of the constitution.

Early puberty in boys is said to occur when secondary signs appear in children under the age of 10 years. It can be true and false. The difference is that with true precocious puberty, the testicles increase, with false, with all other signs, this is not the case.

What about girls

Puberty of boys and girls differs primarily in that in the female it occurs under the influence of another hormone - estrogen, but with the participation of androgens. Estrogens are responsible for the growth and formation of the mammary glands, the female pelvis, an increase in the labia minora, fat deposition, and the appearance of libido. Androgens affect pubic hair, armpits, enlargement of the labia majora, sebum production by skin sebaceous glands, which leads to acne and acne. The growth of girls begins at the age of 8-9, at 10-12 years there is initial hair growth, the mammary glands increase. At the age of 12-14, menarche appears, by the age of 17-18 it is a physiologically and psychologically mature sexually mature woman.

A little about phimosis

Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin is adjacent to the glans penis and its exposure is impossible. In children under 3 years of age, this is a physiological condition. Parents should know that nothing can be forcibly opened. Usually, by the age of 4, the foreskin begins to move and the head is easily exposed. In the absence of inflammatory changes, you can wait for the opening of the head up to 7 years. At this time, you should consult a doctor so that the boy does not have problems with sexual activity and urination in the future.

Inflammation can occur against the background of accumulation between the leaf of the foreskin and the head of a large amount of smegma - the secret of the sebaceous glands, desquamated epithelial cells, which is a good breeding ground for microbes.

A little about sunnet

Let's look from modern positions at the Muslim and Jewish rite of circumcision of the foreskin in boys. Circumcision is done by a surgeon or a specially trained clergyman at 3, 5, 7 years (in an odd year). The delicate mucosa of the head coarsens due to friction against the linen. This is not only hygienic, since smegma has nowhere to accumulate.

A coarsened head lengthens sexual intercourse, prevents premature ejaculation.

It is also noted that after circumcision, susceptibility to AIDS decreases by 2 times, viral diseases, including human papillomaviruses, are not transmitted. Raising a healthy man from a boy is not difficult. Be attentive to all changes in his physical and mental state, especially during the maturation period, jointly engage in sports, tourism, lead a healthy lifestyle with the rejection of nicotine and alcohol, proper and balanced nutrition. It is important to instill a respectful attitude towards a woman in a boy. Arising problems should be solved together with the urologist, andrologist and psychologist.

The time has finally come when you are faced with a wonderful, albeit difficult, age.

If you are a mother, then it is difficult for you to realize that your baby is getting older and now the thoughts in her head can suddenly become multi-colored or glossy black butterflies. At this age, her mother's girl tries to defend her character, thinking that she can handle everything herself.

Meanwhile, she does not have time to keep track of the changes in her body, which undoubtedly disturb her. And you, as the closest person, are entrusted with the responsibility to tell, help, direct all the energy that covers your child in the right direction.

If you are a young girl, you already have a lot of questions about everything related to the adult life of a woman. But these questions could have been postponed earlier, since it was far away, maybe not very interesting, in no way connected with that life when you were a carefree girl.

Sex education for girls is a complex and time-consuming process that needs to be approached carefully. Participation in the process should be taken not only by mom, but also by dad.

Let's start with the changes in the girl. It is in the girl, because restructuring does not begin when secondary sexual characteristics appear, but much earlier. On average, puberty lasts 10-12 years. During this time, the girl noticeably changes in front of others.

Prepuberty is a period that begins at 7-8 years old and ends with the arrival of the first menstruation. Usually this (menstruation) happens 1 to 3 years after the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. Already from such an early age, you can notice changes in the body of the child. Hormones begin their activity, though not cyclical. But hormonal releases happen all the time. In this connection, the transformation of a girl into a girl occurs.

Signs of puberty in girls

The first changes occur in the girl's body - the hips are rounded, the growth of the pelvic bones begins. The mammary glands appear. You can already notice areas of hair growth on the pubis and in the armpits.

As a rule, the girl begins to grow sharply before the onset of menstruation.

All of these signs may develop inconsistently. And now let's dwell on each symptom and the pathologies associated with it. There are several stages in the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

A few years before the start of the first menstruation, a sharp growth of the girl is observed. Presumably, this happens 2 to 3 years before the onset of menstruation.

At this time, growth spurts can reach up to 10 centimeters per year.

Often during this period, the child is awkward, since the bones do not grow evenly, at the beginning the hands and feet become larger, then the tubular bones, and only then the torso.

Clumsiness in movements can also be observed, this is due to the fact that nerve fibers and muscles do not always keep up with the growth of the bones of the skeleton.

Skin covering

The skin develops according to the skeleton and muscles, for this the secretion of the glands is increased in order to have a good stretch, as a result of which the teenager suffers from rashes, which in science are called "blackheads", "acne" or pimples. Hair also becomes oilier at the roots, now you need to wash your hair more often.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue also develops. There is an increased deposition of fat in the thighs, abdomen. The shoulders are also rounded, and the waist appears.

Thelarche is the development of the mammary gland. Usually, breast growth begins in girls at 10-11 years old, 1.5-2 years before the onset of menstruation. According to WHO, the appearance of signs of breast growth after 8 years is considered the norm. Nipples become sensitive, can change their color, depending on the amount of pigment in the body.

And also there is an increase in the size of the nipple itself. Around the areola of the nipple, hair growth is possible - this happens in women of Eastern and Caucasian origin and is not a pathology. The color, shape, size of the breasts depend on genetic factors, the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

There are several degrees of development of the mammary gland:

• Ma0- the gland is not developed, the nipple is not pigmented;
• Ma1- gland tissue is palpable in the area of ​​the areola limit, painful;
• Ma2- the mammary gland is enlarged, the nipple and areola are raised;
• Ma3- the mammary gland takes the form of a cone, the base of which is located between the III and VI ribs. The nipple does not stand out separately from the areola;
• Ma4- the gland has a hemispherical shape, the nipple is separated from the areola and pigmented.

The mammary gland finishes its development and maximizes only after childbirth and feeding. And the final stage of development of the mammary gland is observed for about 15 years. The mammary gland itself can be painful during growth and before menstruation.

hair growth

Pubarche - hair growth of the pubic region - begins at 10 - 12 years. Growing pubic hair forms a triangle, the base of which is located on the lower line of the abdomen. Individual hairs rising to the navel are possible. But if the hairline tightly covers the entire area, forming a rhombus, you should contact a gynecologist-endocrinologist.

By the age of 13-15, hair appears in the armpit and on the legs. Stiffness, color and shape of hair is individual and depends on genetic predisposition.

Armpit hair:

• Ah0- there is no hair growth;
• Ah1- hair growth with single straight hairs;
• Ah2- the appearance of hair in the middle of the armpit;
• Ah3- hair growth of the entire axillary region.

Pubic hair:

• Pb0- there is no hair growth;
• Pb1- hair growth with single straight hairs;
• Pb2- the appearance of hairline in the center;
• Pb3- hair growth of the entire pubic region along a horizontal line.

It is necessary to learn how to properly monitor the smoothness of the legs, bikini area and armpits. Each girl chooses for herself an individual method to achieve the goal. But do not rush to remove, because the first hair is softer, thinner and less noticeable. Over time or under the influence of external factors, they become rigid.

Menarche - the beginning of menstrual flow, the first menstruation. This happens to everyone at different ages, and menarche also depends on genetics. As a rule, the first bleeding is observed from 12 to 14 years. After the onset of the first menstruation, the growth of the girl slows down, but the remaining signs of puberty continue to develop.

Menstruation in many girls is not cyclical at the very beginning. For some, it takes some time - from six months to two years. In the case of non-cyclic discharge, you should subsequently consult a doctor.

During menstruation, the mammary glands may be tense, somewhat painful. Also, many girls and women at the time before and during bleeding have aching pains in the lower abdomen, some have discomfort in the stomach or intestines. All this can accompany mensis (menstruation) in the norm.

Until critical days, the mood can change, more often the girl feels irritation, weakness, tearfulness. But all this passes during the first days of menstruation. Despite the irregularity of the cycle, a girl can become pregnant, and it is important to convey this to an immature person.

Deviations from the norm

As everyone knows, where there is a norm, there is a pathology. Today, cases such as precocious puberty in girls (PPR) are increasingly observed. And here it is important that the mother carefully approaches the changes in the children's body.

They say about PPR if the age of the girl herself, at the manifestation of the first sexual characteristics, is younger than 8 years. At this age, the child cannot always adequately approach the innovations of his body.

Types of PPR

Precocious puberty in girls is divided into several types.

1. true type. It occurs when the endocrine glands - the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are disturbed, which, in turn, stimulate the ovaries.

• full form. When all secondary signs begin to develop before the age of 7-8 years, growth slows down by closing the growth zones in the bones, menstrual flow appears;
• incomplete form. Here, secondary signs appear, but the menses themselves come much later - at 10 - 11 years.

2. False type. It is characterized by a violation in the ovary itself - there is an indiscriminate production of hormones, in connection with which the order of the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics is violated in the child. And there is irregular spotting, it can start without the full development and formation of the mammary gland or hair growth.

3. hereditary type. As a rule, if a girl has women in her pedigree (especially if she is a mother), whose maturation began earlier than the indicated dates, then the child himself will turn into a girl earlier than her peers. In this case, the order of appearance of sexual characteristics will not be violated.

Causes of PPR

Causes of early puberty in girls can be:

• brain cysts;
• transferred bacterial or viral infection;
• violation of the blood circulation of the brain;
• congenital anomalies (hydroencephaly);
• exposure (strong exposure to radiation);
• poisoning with poisons (lead);
• consequences of brain injury.

If you notice any changes in your princess that can be attributed to PPR, or there is a growth spurt before the age of 7, it is better to contact a gynecologist, endocrinologist and undergo an examination. Early sexual development is a process that requires the obligatory supervision of a specialist.

delayed sexual development

Another problem of mothers and their girls is delayed sexual development in girls (ZPR).

Signs of delay:

• absence of the onset of menstruation before the age of 16;
• lack of sufficient growth of the mammary glands up to 13 years;
• poor hair growth by the age of 14;
• insufficient growth or abnormal development of the genital organs;
• lack of correspondence of height and weight to age.

Also, a delay in the development of maturity refers to the state when the sexual development of the girl took place only half. That is, the mammary glands have developed, there is some hair growth, and then everything slowed down for more than a year and a half.

Causes of CRA

1. Congenital disorders in the brain.
2. Cysts and brain tumors.
3. Poison poisoning.
4. Heredity.
5. The impact on the body of radiation or radiation therapy.
6. Removal of the ovaries.
7. Strong physical activity.
8. Severe stress or malnutrition (exhaustion).
9. Complications after bacterial or viral infections, etc.

If you are concerned about the health of your girl, consult a doctor, he will conduct an examination and be able to make the correct diagnosis. Any condition of the body is easier and more effective to treat at the very beginning, when the pathology has not given irreversible consequences. Everything must be done on time!

Another important moment in the development of a girl is growing up and becoming a girl, a woman from the inside.

The sexual development of girls should be given special attention from birth. Even from the cradle, a girl should feel like an important link in creating family comfort, since the atmosphere in the family mainly depends on her. In addition, the girl in the future expects pregnancy, childbirth, care for the newborn.

The child should prepare for the upcoming difficulties, and it's not bad when the little ones are rocking their dolls in strollers and are already beginning to experience maternal feelings, a sense of responsibility. When a girl tries to be like her mother and knows what awaits her, she rejoices at all the changes and is not afraid to move forward.

If a girl is not talked about turning a girl into a girl, and then into a woman, all the changes in her body are unpleasant to her, and the onset of menstruation generally scares her. You need to explain everything to your princess as you grow older, step by step. It is important that next to the girl there is an older comrade in the person of her mother, girlfriend, aunt, etc.

During the transitional age, it is sometimes very difficult for adolescents to understand themselves, their mood can change dramatically, a feeling of irritability, tearfulness does not allow them to calmly perceive the changes. In no case should you ridicule, reproach the child during this period.

With the onset of adolescence, or rather, with its end, it is time to discuss with the girl the sexual side of her life. The girl's behavior changes - she often looks at the opposite sex, experiences attraction, she is overcome by erotic fantasies. A teenager should understand everything and learn not to be ashamed of it. The sexual education of girls is an important task that lies with the parents.

In addition to the perception itself, it is necessary to convey to your child information about the possibility of becoming pregnant and contracting infections through sexual contact. You should also tell her about the negative impact of the early onset of sexual activity. Adolescents at this age often experiment, including in this area, violent actions are possible.

Teaching a child the rules of personal hygiene, the purity of sexual relations and their protection, to talk about the frequency of taking a shower during menstruation - all this is the task of a good parent. Having matured, the child meets with new states of his body. For example, thrush occurs - a fairly common disease that needs to be cured in time.

Often a teenager, feeling his imperfection, withdraws into himself and suffers for a long time from symptoms that can bring severe discomfort. It is worth paying attention to the appearance of acne, it is important to tell your child how to deal with them correctly, because we all know the tendency of children to squeeze everything out. This can lead to unpleasant consequences: cicatricial changes in the skin, blood poisoning.

Sex education is often the subject of much controversy. But there are certain rules that are better to adhere to - they will allow you to move into adulthood as gently as possible and maintain the health of the girl.

It is worth paying attention to the nutrition of a teenager, the girls themselves often skip meals on purpose, in order, as they think, to be more beautiful. The girl should eat well so that there are no delays in the development of sexual characteristics and the onset of menstruation.

Under no circumstances should a teenager be treated like an adult. A person in adolescence already knows a lot, has his own point of view, but he is only embarking on the path of growing up, your advice is important to him, although sometimes he does not show it. Control is never too much.

Masturbation is very important in the development of sexuality. There is nothing unhealthy or shameful in such behavior. So the child learns to relieve stress by fantasizing, imagining imaginary actions. Contrary to the thoughts imposed by the Bible and Soviet upbringing about masturbation as something dirty and unacceptable for a self-respecting woman, today its benefits have been proven, of course, if not "going too far."

As a conclusion

The main goals of parents, especially mothers, during puberty, are:

• teach the girl to accept herself for who she is;
• transfer all knowledge regarding the technique of sexual relations, contraception and methods of protection against sexually transmitted infections;
• show all the charm of a woman, mother, wife;
• define the scope of decent behavior with the opposite sex;
• to teach how to cope with some of the ailments associated with premenstrual syndrome, thrush, etc .;
• surround the child with love and care, especially when he needs it.

Of course, along with the child, you also grow up. Do not forget that the child has never been an adult, and you adults have already experienced all the hardships of this difficult period. How your child perceives everything depends more on you.

It would seem that until recently, the daughter was a sweet angel, obedient and funny, and suddenly something happened to her - inexplicable whims, a sharp change in mood, occasionally - tantrums. You should not be afraid of such changes, because the girl is growing, and sooner or later her puberty begins. What signs accompany such “growing up”, what can be considered early puberty and how should parents react to it? We will try to answer these questions in the presented material.

Signs of puberty in girls, or what happens in the body

Puberty in girls lasts 2 years and ends with puberty - this time falls on the first menstruation. Doctors still cannot name the terms of puberty that are suitable for the norm - it is believed that this period is variable: it can begin at the age of 9 and at 11, and at 13. If the signs of puberty of the girl are present at the age of 7 years, or absent, when the child is already 15 years old, then this is a cause for concern. All other years that fell on the state in question are normal. About early puberty will be written later, but we’ll make a reservation right away - the girl’s parents should not make any independent decisions about this. Only a doctor can establish the true cause of early puberty, prescribe drug therapy, which, however, also applies to late puberty.

Note:in the course of observations, doctors revealed the following - the earlier puberty began in a girl, the faster it would end. That is, if a girl at the age of 9 already showed signs of puberty, then in a year and a half you can expect the first menstruation, but if these signs are noted at the age of 14, then two or two and a half years can pass before the first menstruation.

Signs of normal puberty girls:

Separately, it is worth mentioning the most important sign of puberty - menstruation. The first menstruation, as a rule, appears in a girl at the age of 13, but this age is very conditional! There are many cases when the first bleeding was at the age of 11 and it was not a pathology. Let's make a reservation right away - the menstrual cycle will "form" and stabilize for about 12 months, during this period bleeding will be irregular, may be absent for 1-2 months, and this "behavior" of the girl's body is quite normal. As soon as the girl's first menstruation begins, her growth slows down sharply and after that, in total, the child will add another 5 cm in height.

Parents should pay special attention to preparing the girl for the first menstruation, and, naturally, mother should take care of this. Regardless of the age at which menstruation began, it can be very frightening for a child. Yes, children are accelerators now. Yes, sometimes they know more than adults. And yet, experts emphasize the importance of conversations between a girl and her mother on the topic of puberty, the first menstruation - not a single book, not a single girlfriend, not a single video from the Internet will convey the necessary information to the girl. And then, such a trusting relationship with a mother who can listen and talk even on “intimate” topics will become the key to close relationships in the future.

Psychological problems of a girl's puberty

The above signs of the condition under consideration are quite capable of surprising not only the parents (“when did she have time to grow up”), but also the girl herself. And during this period, it is important not to leave her alone with her questions, fears and doubts.

First, you will need to tell the girl why such changes are taking place with her body and body.. If this happened earlier than her friends, then it is worth emphasizing the significance of such an event as puberty, and clearly indicate that there are no developmental deviations, all this is natural.

Secondly, it is worth carefully watching a girl whose puberty took place in later years - she will feel too uncomfortable in the company of her peers, doubt her inferiority. And here you need to become a psychologist, explain to the girl that puberty occurs at different ages, you can even embellish reality and tell that this period for the mother herself fell on 14-15 years.

Thirdly, you need to talk in detail about menstruation. But you must immediately stipulate that these topics are too personal, “intimate” and you should not tell your friends that your period has already begun. Yes, this means that “the girl has matured”, but this does not mean at all that she has become an adult, so the mother will need to talk and teach her daughter all the subtleties of behavior among her friends.

Note:A girl's perception of change during her puberty is directly related to how close her relationship with her mother is. Therefore, try to “make contact” from childhood - it will be easier to talk on “intimate” topics, and in the future trust will develop between two close people.

Early puberty in girls

Premature puberty in girls has its own signs:

• quickly and at the age of 9 years, changes in the mammary glands began;
• there is hair growth according to the female type at the age of 9 years;
• the growth of the girl stops;
• the onset of menstruation before the age of seven.

Particular attention should be paid to the fact that the appearance of menstrual bleeding in a girl during precocious puberty does not mean at all that she has become a woman - such bleeding is also called non-ovulatory / menstrual-like, that is, the egg from the ovary of the girl does not come out for fertilization into the uterine cavity.

Such premature puberty in girls is a deviation from the norm and has several forms of flow.

Classification of precocious puberty girls

Gynecologists and endocrinologists distinguish several forms of the condition in question:

Causes of early puberty in girls

The following factors may lead to this condition:

• hereditary predisposition - early puberty is passed down in the family from generation to generation, but does not affect the reproductive abilities of the female body;
• problems in the work of the hypothalamus and / or pituitary gland, which leads to excessive production of hormones;
• various neoplasms of a benign or malignant nature in the ovaries.

Very often, girls with precocious puberty are born to women who smoked / used alcohol and drugs during pregnancy, or have a history of endocrine diseases.

How to treat

Only after a complete diagnosis and a series of specific examinations, the doctor will be able to say what therapy should be used to correct the sexual development of the girl. It is quite possible that it will only be necessary to choose a diet and normalize the psycho-emotional background of the child. But often, hormonal preparations are used to normalize the condition - only specialists should prescribe such medications.

Surgical treatment is prescribed only if the girl has been diagnosed with a tumor of the adrenal glands, ovaries or hypothalamus - the neoplasm is simply removed and the puberty processes proceed within the normal range.

As for the late puberty of the girl, then we will most likely talk about hormonal problems and / or malformations of the genital organs. Usually it is possible to solve the problem with hormonal drugs, but they can only be prescribed by doctors.

Tsygankova Yana Alexandrovna, medical observer, therapist of the highest qualification category

Is your son already 11 years old? The girls in his class, most likely, are already sometimes starting to use cosmetics, quickly gaining height, and in general they no longer look like little girls, but quite like girls. The boys, most likely, are still boys, they play "war", and so far they look at the girls only c.z. What is the best way to pull the pigtail. Nothing, soon our little boys will also enter puberty (usually in boys it begins one and a half to two years later than in girls).

Physical aspect and quantitative measurements

In boys, puberty usually begins at the age of 11-12, sometimes, however, it can be delayed even up to 14-15 years.

The muscles and skeletal system noticeably increase, the voice breaks, the figure changes. The musculature of the shoulder girdle develops. The genitals are also enlarged. At seven years, the length of the testicles reaches an average of 2.7 cm, and the penis in a calm state is 3-3.5 cm, by the beginning of puberty, these figures increase slightly: 2.8-3 cm of the testicles and 3.8 cm of the penis .

During puberty, the growth dynamics of the genital organs is much higher, because there is an intensive production of male sex hormones. At the age of 13, these important indicators will be 3.6-3.7 for the testicles and 6.3 cm for the penis, by 15 - 4 cm and 6.7 cm, respectively. Of course, these are average readings, and a step left and right is not considered an escape (unless, of course, this is a giant step).

Puberty, in addition, is marked by the appearance of hair - primarily on the pubis. By the age of 14-15, armpit hair appears and - hooray! - Youthful fluff on the upper lip and chin.

Simultaneously with the appearance of hair, the voice breaks and, unfortunately, often the physiognomy of your child is covered with acne. Someone has more acne, some lucky ones have less or none at all. If acne is very annoying, you can contact a specialist. And, of course, follow the healthy lifestyle of your maturing "baby": sports, proper nutrition, keeping the skin clean - all this can significantly reduce the number of these nasty acne. Although, of course, by the age of 16-17 they will disappear on their own.

Around the same time (14 years), the first wet dreams may appear. This means that the sperm is already ready and your "baby" is quite physically capable of making you a grandma or grandpa. It's time to talk about "pistils and stamens" if you haven't already done so. And, of course, about the responsibility for the girl and (pah-pah) for a possible child. And about contraceptives.

Another very important indicator of puberty for a boy is height. Usually, two jumps are distinguished: the first comes at 10-11 years old (the boy grows by 10 centimeters). The next jump is 13 years old, the boy adds another 7-8 centimeters.

Parents should know that all signs of puberty may well linger for a year or two, there is nothing wrong with that. The main thing is to support your son if he is worried that he still does not grow facial hair, and he is the lowest in the class.

But sometimes, to correct some disorders, the help of specialists is required. So if the signs of puberty are late, visit a urologist or andrologist, because, as you know, it is easier to prevent than to treat later, and at the age of 12-13, if there are any problems, it is much easier to fix everything.

Personal hygiene rules are changing

Do not forget to teach your son the basics of personal hygiene, because uncleanliness can lead to balanoposthitis and other diseases. Daily toilet, frequent change of underwear is a mandatory item in the self-care program not only for a girl, but also for a boy. Do not forget that the gonads work more actively in the boy, naturally, an unpleasant odor appears. The boy himself may not notice this, but classmates and friends (and, of course, girls) will definitely notice. Be sure to pay attention to this and - again - "long live scented soaps" and neutral deodorants.

Psychology of a growing boy

So, the boy is changing not only physically, although, of course, it is the physical changes that entail psychological maturation. Your son becomes shy, upset by the slightest defect in appearance, exaggerating its importance. The boy's movements are angular, because the body is growing so fast that it takes time to adapt to it.

A teenager is easily offended, his mood often changes: now he feels like an adult, and after 5 minutes he is a baby again and wants to be close to mom and dad.

In addition, vague sexual desires also bring confusion. At this time, the boys (and the girls too) have idols: teachers, movie characters, etc. etc., usually of the same sex as the child at first. A little later, an idol of the opposite sex appears, while also a movie star, or a popular musician. And then it slowly turns out that a classmate is also completely fine, and can be an object of sympathy. True, the open expression of emotions is still far away.

In addition, during puberty, a teenager fights for his freedom from parental care and insists on his rights and independence, but this does not mean at all that parents should "lead" to these demands. As a rule, a child fights for freedom, but at the same time is afraid of it: psychologists working with teenagers, they say that many teenagers admit that they would like their parents to be stricter and teach what is good and what is bad.

If the decision of the parents is reasonable, then the teenager accepts it, so do not forget to trust your child and discuss moral standards with him. As a rule, a healthy upbringing and confidence in the trust and attention of parents is exactly what a young man needs.

Discussion

In America, where everyone is obsessed with sexual harassment, they have gone so far as to have a six-year-old boy in Colorado for kissing the hand of his classmate be expelled from school on charges of sexual harassment!

Comment on the article "Boys Puberty: Anxieties and Problems"

Boys' puberty: anxieties and problems. Early puberty? What do you think? Puberty occurs in girls at 12.5 - 13 years, in boys - at 14 - 15 years. At this age, girls begin menstruation, boys have wet dreams.

Discussion

I can't say for height.
According to body hair - at the age of 8, pubic and armpit hair began to grow in us, the smell of sweat also became sharp. We went to an endocrinologist and a gynecologist, they gave hormones in their direction, they said that this is the norm, about 20% of children begin to mature normally.

But it's better to go to an endocrinologist - there will definitely be no harm from donating blood for hormones.

I, bio - 158, my youngest has a height one year less than the accepted one. That is, by the age of 8, she finally approached a height of 122 cm (the norm for 7-year-olds; and so it was every year). Accordingly, by the age of 9, according to the forecast, she will just have a growth of 128 - like yours.
Everything is within the normal range.

13 years old. School problems. Education of children. The son studies in a serious school with a technical bias. Moved from the usual on the results of exams. There are 25 boys in the class, all very different.

Discussion

Montessori pedagogy takes these features into account. The traditional one is aimed at some kind of abstract children.
Tutors know exactly and explain.
I don't know what to do. In family education, this issue is simply solved. You can wait, you can not press, you can negotiate and it usually goes more painlessly.

The boy is 13 years old. The diagnosis is auto-like syndrome. Becomes aggressive, obvious puberty. There is a normal younger sister, respectively, concerns about her safety. How to crush and how to crush puberty? Which of the Varechs is doing this. Naturally, nonsense ...

Discussion

I have a 15 year old girl. Autism + VR. There is no aggression as such, but puberty flourished. We went to the district psychiatrist, she prescribed a neuroleptic.
We have been drinking for 1.5 months, the flight is normal. Complaints from teachers stopped.

For the first time in 13 years, have you thought about which of the doctors does this?

boys puberty. Moms, tell me, at what age do boys begin to mature? My son is 8, 5 years old and he already has hairs on the scrotum, quite noticeable, if he goes in for sports, then then such Puberty of boys: anxieties and problems.

Discussion

now it is very common after 8 years, the girlfriend's daughter also has armpits in the gun. They say that children eat well, there are a lot of hormones in food, and everything starts earlier. I'm really looking forward to apologies, maybe our bronchitis will be easier, the body clearly does not have enough hormones to overcome this.
Don't panic! Everything goes on as usual.

Thank you girls for the brainwashing. I will act according to the situation :) Thanks again :)

Puberty of a boy: approximate dates. Today's parents understand what the sex organs of boys and girls need with Puberty Boys: Anxieties and Problems. puberty girls 9, 5 years. Early puberty, porn, etc. - need...

Discussion

Sorry, maybe I missed it, but you didn’t talk to a psychologist about this topic?
You know, here, in my opinion, the moment of transition from natural to pathological interest is more important.
If he watches normal porn, without sadism or any perversions, while his social life does not suffer, then you should not focus on this. If a teenager has an active social life, has interests and hobbies besides porn, well, so be it ... You see, if he is interested in it, then prohibitions will not save him from interest. And one more thing... If you inspire him that it is shameful or something else, that he needs to fight it, then he will have to fight, excuse me, with his libido. And here we get the birth of a neurotic. What will come of this is difficult to predict.
All of the above is my personal opinion based on my own experience.
If this bothers you a lot (and, as I see it, it is), I would recommend consulting a good teenage psychologist or reading relevant books. Secretly from the boy, of course.

I do not agree with the fact that he can not/early.
Another thing is that "porn" is very far from reality, later in life it will look for aunts ONLY with silicone boobs and only those who moan and "come" from the first second they touched her.
I myself would have dug up a bunch of erotic films (there, unlike porn, aunts are more real), a little porn - something that is more or less real (if there is such a thing in nature, of course), magazines like "playboy" used to publish rather soft erotica - now, I don't know...
I would have a conversation on the topic "it's normal, it's possible, everyone goes through it, masturbation is our everything" (and not a conversation "why not")

Only in a boy) And vice versa: a year ago, the temperature was 37.1-37.5 for several months, and this year, from November to the end of December, it could rise to 38.2. True, he is allergic - he fell ill with a cold, and I undertook to measure the temperature every day - each was 37.2 - I ...

Discussion

We have a very similar condition, we don’t know where to turn, did you solve this breakdown?

03/16/2019 11:46:46 AM, Tatyana05

But he has a deviated nasal septum, hence all sorts of chronic sinusitis-tonsillitis. Washing out traffic jams, etc. is not enough for a long time.
It’s bad to go to the pool in winter + all sorts of olympiads are superimposed, it’s even a pity for money :), but I’m crying :)

With just liquid-transparent winter snot (which, IMHO, is a manifestation of a cold allergy) and normal health - it’s worth walking, my motto-pharynx was washed with bleach - everything is easier for the body :) At least half an hour ago, I kicked it out with kicks.

In general, Aflubin helped Egor at about Katya's age in the morning. Approximately - 3 weeks I give, a week - no. Of course, he is scolded for the load on the liver, but, IMHO - antipyretics 5 times a winter load give no less. Immeasurably less :(
The last couple of years have switched to influcid tablets, but only during the epidemic. + Our boy's imudon goes well with the beginning problems with the gnorl.

A severe non-speaking autistic boy began puberty and stimulation of the genital organs and molestation began.

Discussion

Sorry, but I remembered a joke - The patient complains to the therapist that he was at the surgeon and he recommends cutting off his ears so that they do not hurt. - These surgeons, if only to open something, here are the pills for you, they will disappear by themselves.
Here is the same story - doctors know drugs that reduce the need + you need to distract with anything and explain where and how you can, but as I understand it, this is problematic to do here? ((Physical activity should also reduce the frequency.

Teenagers. Education and relationships with children of adolescence: transitional age, problems at school But puberty also came a little later than average for me. First wet dream at 14 and a half. I didn't take any growth-promoting drugs.

Discussion

Many thanks to everyone for your support and information, you yourself know how mothers sometimes go astray on the health of children. But it's better to be overdressed than underdressed. We found a specialist who explained the situation to us in detail and reassured us a little.

Take it easy. I was 147 at 14 and a half. I was 11 centimeters shorter than your son!
Ross like this:
14.5 - 15.5 +12 cm
15.5 - 16.5 +8 cm
16.5 - 17.5 +3 cm
17.5 - 18.5 +3 cm
18.5 - 19.5 +2 cm
Now 175. Stopped growing at 20.
A boy studied in a parallel class, who at the age of 15 was a head shorter than me. In his second year, he was a head taller than me.
But my puberty came a little later than average. First wet dream at 14 and a half.
I didn't take any growth-promoting drugs. Even vitamins and minerals. It didn't exist then.
And it could be at least 180.
And your son will easily grow up to 185, but much more?

09/28/2007 01:28:04, Ros from 14