home Audience 12 Contraceptive pills: names, composition, choice, use. Combined oral contraceptives

Contraceptive pills: names, composition, choice, use. Combined oral contraceptives

In the modern world, protecting yourself from unwanted pregnancy is not at all difficult. Even schoolchildren practice the use of contraceptives (according to statistics, some high school students begin sexual activity at the age of 14-15).

The most commonly used methods are:

Barrier (mechanical).
Hormone.

The first method is the most traditional. It is based on protection, which is based on creating a barrier in the path of the sperm. This method of contraception is the most popular and widespread. Mechanical means are divided into 2 types - male and female. Male protective equipment - well-known condoms, which will protect against both unwanted pregnancy and infection with sexually transmitted diseases. Condoms can be purchased at any kiosk, and their prices are affordable. It's easy to use this assistant. Female protector - femidon condom. It is longer and wider than the male one.

How to use birth control (contraceptives) for women?

A female condom is inserted into the vagina before sex, thereby reducing the risk of infection. The effectiveness of this product is higher than that of its analogue for men. However, the installation process for such a tool is complex, so it is not widely used. The next mechanical device (female) is a diaphragm (a latex hemisphere similar in shape to a dome). It is inserted into the vagina (by itself) before sex. The dome of this contraceptive should tightly cover the cervix, and the rim should be in the perineal vault. The advantage of this method is that it can be used repeatedly if the partner is permanent.

Another method is the cervical cap. It has a vacuum effect and is attached to the cervix due to it. The cervical cap is installed independently; it is first filled with a spermicidal agent. You can also apply a cream (Pharmatex) to the cervix before sexual intercourse, which will serve as a barrier; it is also possible to use suppositories (Nonoxynol, Benatex). The principle of action is a decrease in sperm motility.

Birth control pills - as a means of protection

Many women ask the question, “What birth control pills should I use?” To answer this question you need to have an idea about the types of such contraceptives. There are several of them:

Microdosed - contraceptives that contain a minimal amount of hormones in their composition. They can be taken by girls under the age of 25 if they have not given birth or had an abortion. The most famous drugs of this group are Tri-Mercy, Yarina.
Low-dose tablets are protection containing ethinyl estradiol, as well as other hormones: gestodene, desogestrel, dienogest. “Medicines” with this dosage are recommended to be taken by young women who have given birth, who are no longer helped by microdosed drugs, and by young girls with hormonal problems. Since these tablets have an antiandrogenic effect, that is, they prevent the excessive appearance of body hair and fight acne. The most common medications in this group are Janine, Regulon, Marvelon.
Medium-dose ones include a combination of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel. Drugs in this group are perfect for women over 30 who have already given birth. Do not breastfeed during use. The most popular - Chloe, Diana 35.
High-dose tablets contain levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol, but the dosage is higher. Their focus (mainly) is the treatment of hormonal diseases or use as a contraceptive for women over 35. Popular are Triquilar, Triziston.
Progestin contraceptives, also called “mini-pills”. The effect is strong, they do not contain estrogen. They are taken mainly by breastfeeding women (by the hour). Famous ones are Charozetta or Escluton.

After you have learned about the types of contraceptives, you need to understand how to use birth control pills correctly.

Needed (important):

Take tablets regularly (one per day).
Take birth control pills at approximately the same time every day (for example, before bed).
If intermenstrual bleeding occurs, consult a doctor.

Constantly taking oral contraceptives does not make sense if a woman is not sexually active. It is better to choose methods that have less impact on the body, which can reliably protect against unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. In pharmacies today you can easily find various modern contraceptives that are quite effective and convenient.

What types of single-use contraceptives are there?

For irregular relationships, one-time products are best. In each individual case they must be selected individually. For women with irregular sexual activity, it is important that the chosen contraceptive has the following properties:

reliability;
convenience and ease of use;
safety of use;
availability;
protection against unplanned pregnancy;
protection against sexually transmitted diseases.

There are 3 main methods of protection:

barrier;
chemical;
hormone.

Which ones are better to choose? It all depends on many factors: personal preferences, risk, contraindications, and the situation itself. Each of them has its own pros and cons, so we’ll try to understand it in more detail.

Barrier method

The barrier method is the oldest and, perhaps, the most widespread among the population, because it has many advantages, such as:

relative cheapness;
availability;
ease of use;
quite high reliability;
no contraindications (except for allergies to the material);
absolute safety for the body;
protection not only from pregnancy, but also from infections.

Barrier methods can be used by everyone: nursing mothers, young girls, older women. In some cases, they are even recommended for pregnant women (to protect against infection).

The essence of the method is a mechanical obstacle that prevents sperm from penetrating the cervix. Use requires some attention from partners before and during sexual intercourse. Barrier methods include not only the well-known condoms, but also some other products.

Condoms

Everyone knows about condoms - this is perhaps the most accessible and simple means of protection. Its main advantage is protection against various sexually transmitted infections, which is why the condom has been and remains the number one remedy against unprotected sex. It is the condom that is best chosen as a method of protection during a casual relationship or at the beginning of a relationship when there is no complete confidence in the partner. It is easy to purchase at any pharmacy or store. A regular condom is placed on a man's penis and removed immediately after intercourse.

However, this proven tool has its own, very significant, disadvantages:

average contraceptive reliability;
they can rub, tear, or jump off;
decreased sensitivity during intimacy;
inability to use if you are allergic to latex;
a certain lack of aesthetics when used.

Some manufacturers produce condoms with spermicidal lubricant to increase reliability.

Despite popular belief, condoms can be used not only by men - there are special female condoms that have certain advantages over classic products:

polyurethane material is suitable for people allergic to latex;
you can insert such a condom several hours before sexual intercourse;
you can even go to the toilet with it;
he doesn't jump off;
can further stimulate the female genital organs during sex.

Unfortunately, the female condom can cause local irritation and is somewhat more difficult to put on than a classic condom (this will require a little practice). The product has two flexible rings - an internal one, which expands near the cervix, fixing the product, and an external one, which remains outside.

After sex, the condom is twisted to prevent sperm from leaking out, removed and discarded, just like a male condom. It is unacceptable to use male and female condoms at the same time - there is a high probability that they will break due to friction.

Vaginal diaphragm and cervical cap

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped rubber product that is inserted deep into the vaginal canal before sexual intercourse so that it covers the cervix. A latex product that is placed directly on the cervix is called a cervical (that is, cervical) cap. The cap is slightly different in shape from the diaphragm, but operates on the same principle.

The diaphragm or cap may cause irritation where it comes into contact with the mucosa. They cannot be protected against inflammatory processes, cervical erosion, or prolapse of the vaginal walls.

To increase reliability, it is recommended to additionally use spermicides. After use, the product is carefully removed, washed and placed in a disinfectant solution - it is reusable and, with proper care, can last up to a year. It is imperative to remove the cap immediately after sexual intercourse, otherwise you can cause a strong inflammatory reaction and even the development of toxic shock syndrome.

Before purchasing, it is better to consult a specialist to determine the right size, as well as learn how to insert a contraceptive correctly.

Other means

There are also less common products that are nevertheless quite often used in some countries. One of them is the vaginal sponge. It is a concave hemisphere made of porous material, having a loop for extraction and impregnated with a spermicidal substance. The sponge is inserted into the vagina at the cervix about a day before sexual intercourse and removed no later than 30 hours after that. Thus, it combines barrier and chemical methods of protection.

Chemical method

The chemical method means the introduction of substances that are harmful to sperm - spermicides. The main spermicides, on the basis of which a lot of modern drugs have been developed, are nonoxynol and benzalkonium chloride, which reduce the activity and even completely destroy sperm, making fertilization impossible.

Now there are many products in various forms that are inserted into the vagina at a certain time before sexual intercourse. The active substances begin to act early, making the cervical mucus thicker so that it is difficult for sperm to penetrate it. In addition, they create a protective film on the mucous membrane, protecting against the development of infection.

If it was not possible to resort to contraception in time, non-hormonal birth control pills can also be used after unprotected sex - this will significantly reduce the likelihood of pregnancy and the occurrence of infectious diseases (however, only a condom can prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections).

Spermicides act exclusively locally - this is the safety of their use even during breastfeeding. In addition, they moisturize the vaginal mucosa, acting as a lubricant. The disadvantages are:

low reliability;
inconvenient to use (it is necessary to calculate the exact time before sexual intercourse);
sometimes a burning sensation in the woman and her partner;
cannot be used frequently (the composition of the vaginal microflora is disrupted);
After sex, you should not take a shower or bath for a certain time (this will reduce spermicidal properties).

Due to its relatively low effectiveness, this method of contraception is best chosen as additional protection or when ovarian activity decreases (during lactation, at the beginning of menopause).

It is optimal to use it in conjunction with condoms: spermicides will enhance protection against infections, protect against damage to the condom, and also act as a lubricant.

Chemical contraception usually comes in the following forms:

Which one to choose depends on the situation and type of drug:

the most famous drug is Pharmatex, it is available in various versions, tampons have the longest effect (up to a day);
Patentex Oval and Conceptrol in the form of suppositories are administered 10 minutes before intimacy;
Ginekotex - vaginal tablets that have an antibacterial effect and are effective for 4 hours after administration;
Benatex gel will help relieve inflammation of the vaginal mucosa.

Thus, in different situations, different drugs can be used: Genikotex is optimal in case of unprotected sex with a new partner, Benatex - for colpitis, if everything is in order and the woman is more or less confident in her partner, then Pharmatex, Patentex Oval or Coceptrol are suitable. Whatever medications are chosen, it is important to follow the instructions exactly and not carry out hygiene procedures for a certain time after intimacy.

By the way, it is on creating an unfavorable environment for sperm that most folk remedies are based. Many recipes advise women to introduce an acidic solution into the vagina by douching. It is better to ignore such advice - commercial spermicides are much more reliable and safer.

Hormonal agents

Conventional oral contraceptives should not be used if you have irregular sex life. What hormonal pills are rarely used? There are so-called emergency or post-coital remedies that are created specifically in case of unprotected sexual intercourse.

Having taken pills after unprotected sex, a woman may have little to worry about the occurrence of an unwanted pregnancy, but large doses of hormones often have an adverse effect on the body: one pill can cause painful menstruation and disrupt the normal menstrual cycle for many months. That is why such contraception is called emergency - it is created for use in exceptional, extremely rare cases, it is better not to resort to it more than twice a year.

Single-use hormonal tablets most often contain levonorgestrel, a synthetic analogue of progesterone. It has the following effects on the reproductive system:

delayed ovulation;
thickening of cervical mucus;
thinning of the uterine endometrium.

If the drug is taken on time, then pregnancy is practically excluded - even if ovulation has occurred and fertilization has occurred, the egg will not be able to attach.

The drug should be taken as quickly as possible after unprotected sexual intercourse: no later than three days later, the first tablet is taken, then after 12 hours - the second. Taking two tablets at once just to be on the safe side can be life-threatening - high doses of hormones can cause thrombosis and other terrible consequences.

Emergency hormonal contraception most often causes a number of unpleasant symptoms, such as:

nausea and vomiting;
diarrhea;
abdominal pain;
pain and engorgement of the mammary glands;
menstrual irregularities;
headache;
feeling tired.

It must be taken into account that the contraceptive effect of the pill may decrease after vomiting and severe diarrhea. You need to carefully study the instructions for contraindications, possible interactions with other medications and side effects.

Another common group is tablets based on mifepristone, a progestogen antagonist. This means that this substance blocks the action of the hormone progesterone, as a result of which the fertilized egg cannot attach to the endometrium, and in large dosages, contractions of the uterus occur, expelling it. Mifepristone and medications based on it (Gynepristone) are taken within 72 hours after unprotected contact to protect against unwanted pregnancy, and even to terminate pregnancy (in very high doses, no later than 42 days of delay, strictly under medical supervision)

is a very reliable remedy, but it greatly affects a woman’s health, despite the fact that it cannot be considered a hormonal agent (in fact, this substance is only a hormone blocker), so its use unless absolutely necessary is unacceptable. In case of severe bleeding and pain, it is better to consult a specialist. Strong post-coital medications should never be used as regular contraception.

Whatever remedy you choose, the main thing is to take care of your health in a timely manner. It would be optimal to combine barrier and chemical methods of contraception, since they can perfectly complement each other, protecting against pregnancy and infections. In addition, these topical agents do not have a negative effect on the body.

If you experience discomfort after unprotected sexual intercourse, or if you suspect pregnancy, it is better to consult a doctor without delay.

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TO contraception include means and medications that can prevent the onset of unwanted pregnancy. In addition, contraceptives, in particular hormonal drugs, are successfully used in the prevention and treatment of conditions such as hirsutism (excessive hair growth), menorrhagia (heavy and prolonged menstruation), dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation). And the use of barrier products (condoms, vaginal caps, spermicides) also serves to prevent sexually transmitted infections.

Types of contraceptives

All contraceptives can be divided into several groups:

hormonal agents;
contraceptive coils;
contraceptives with spermicidal effect;
barrier agents;
natural methods.

The most effective of them are hormonal contraceptives.

Newest contraceptives

The most modern forms of birth control include the contraceptive ring, hormonal patch, hormonal injections and implants. The use of these means is characterized by long-term contraception and its high effectiveness. New generation oral contraceptives contain minimal doses of hormones, which has reduced the list of their contraindications and reduced the number of adverse reactions.

Hormonal contraceptives

Hormonal contraceptives are products that contain sex hormones - estrogens and gestagen. There are different forms of hormonal drugs: birth control pills, vaginal rings, contraceptive patches, implants and injections, as well as a hormonal intrauterine system.

It is very important to consult a doctor before using hormonal drugs, since there are many serious contraindications for their use.

The action of hormonal contraceptives is based on the suppression of ovulation and thickening of the mucous secretion secreted by the cervix. Thick mucus prevents sperm from entering the uterine cavity, and the supply of sex hormones from the outside prevents the production of one’s own sex hormones, so the egg does not mature.

Birth control pills can be divided into 2 groups:
1. Combined oral contraceptives. Contains 2 hormones: estrogen and gestagen.
2. Mini-pills contain only gestagen.

Combined oral contraceptives, depending on the composition, are divided into monophasic and triphasic. In monophasic contraceptives (Regulon, Marvelon, Jess, Janine, Logest, Novinet, Rigevidon, etc.), all tablets contain the same amount of hormones. Triphasic contraceptives (Tri-Mercy, Triquilar, Tri-Regol) contain different amounts of hormones.

Three-phase drugs are used less frequently. They are less well tolerated, despite the fact that their composition imitates changes in the content of sex hormones in women’s bodies during the menstrual cycle. Depending on the dose of the estrogen hormone, there are high-, low- and micro-dose combined oral contraceptives in the drug. Currently, low- and micro-dose tablets are more often prescribed. It is necessary to take oral contraceptives every day, at the same time.

Combined oral contraceptives should not be taken under the following conditions:

malignant neoplasms of the genital organs and mammary glands;
elevated cholesterol levels;
gallbladder diseases;
age over 40 years;
pregnancy and lactation period.

Mini-pill(Exluton, Charozetta, Micronor, Microlut, Ovret) - drugs containing only one hormone - gestagen. Due to this, they can be prescribed in cases where it is undesirable to take combination drugs. For example, when breastfeeding, with concomitant diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, varicose veins, smoking, and also over the age of 40 years. Also, mini-pills are contraindicated in case of malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland, uterine bleeding, the cause of which is not clear, when taking anticonvulsant and anti-tuberculosis drugs, diseases and disorders of the liver, damage to the blood vessels of the brain and heart, and during pregnancy. They must be taken every day at the same time.

Adverse reactions when using oral contraceptives may include irregular bleeding, fluid retention in the body and weight gain. Their severity and frequency depend on the dose of the hormone contained in the tablets.

Safe contraceptives used during lactation include:

Mini-pill– the composition contains only gestagens, which reduces the risk of negative effects on the duration of breastfeeding, the quantity and quality of breast milk. Breastfeeding women can take them 5-6 weeks after birth. The disadvantage is the frequent occurrence of intermenstrual bleeding - a sign of the body’s adaptation to the drug. Before using oral contraceptives, you should consult a doctor.
Injectable drug Depo-Provera, subcutaneous implant "Norplant" - also, due to their composition, do not affect lactation and are highly effective. They have a long period of contraception - 5 years for a subcutaneous implant and 12 weeks for Depo-Provera. The disadvantages of the method are that they are prescribed and administered only by a doctor. Side effects are the same as for drugs containing only gestagens. In the first 2 weeks there is a need to use additional methods of contraception.
Intrauterine devices– do not affect breastfeeding, are prescribed for up to 5 years and begin to act immediately after administration. Disadvantages of this method: possible unpleasant sensations in the lower abdomen during feeding, heavy and painful menstruation in the first months of use. They cannot be used if a woman has suffered inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages before or after pregnancy. Inserted and removed by a doctor.
Barrier methods of contraception(condom, diaphragm) - quite effective during lactation if the rules of use are followed. They do not affect the baby’s health, the quantity and composition of breast milk.
Spermicides– can also be used during breastfeeding; due to its local action, it does not affect breast milk. Quite effective when used correctly - can be used independently, without additional funds.

Contraception for women over 45 years of age

Perimenopause (or menopause) is the period in a woman’s life after 45-49 years. It consists of perimenopause - the transition to menopause, and two years after the last menstrual period.

Ages from 45 years and older are characterized by a gradual decline in ovarian function and a decrease in the ability to conceive. Despite this, the likelihood of an unplanned pregnancy remains quite high, especially if regular menstrual cycles are maintained. Therefore, contraception is especially relevant during this period. Pregnancy at this age is accompanied by a high risk of complications, such as miscarriage, gestosis, and abnormal location of the placenta. Childbirth and the postpartum period are more difficult, and child morbidity and mortality are higher. Concomitant diseases of women also play an important role - cardiovascular, diseases of the digestive system, liver, urinary system, most often of a chronic nature.

It is important to use contraception not only until menopause (when menstruation has completely stopped). It is recommended to continue taking it for 2 years if menopause occurred after 45 years, and for 1 year if menopause occurred after 50 years.

The choice of a contraceptive method at this age is quite difficult, and is carried out only in conjunction with a doctor. It is necessary to conduct an examination to identify possible contraindications for a particular method.

Barrier means(condoms) - safe to use, but quite often cause some inconvenience. Chemical spermicides are also widely used not only due to their contraceptive effect - they can reduce the phenomenon of vaginal dryness, which is important for perimenopausal women.
Intrauterine devices are often contraindicated at this age due to the large number of diseases of the body and cervix. If there are no contraindications to use, preference should be given to hormone-producing coils (Mirena), since they have not only a contraceptive, but also a therapeutic effect - in case of menorrhagia (uterine bleeding), they reduce the volume of menstrual blood loss, help prevent inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, and reduce the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia.
Hormonal drugs– Progestin agents such as mini-pills, Depo-Provera, Norplant are used with advantage. They are not able to influence blood coagulation, lipid metabolism, or liver function. The use of combined oral contraceptives is quite limited. They are used only if the woman does not smoke (smoking is an absolute contraindication to their use), and there are no other risk factors for the development of thrombosis and coronary heart disease. Preference is given to low-dose drugs, such as Logest, Mercilon.
Sterilization is the most reliable method of contraception, but it is rarely used because this method is quite invasive and involves surgery.
Emergency contraception at the age of 45 it is used extremely rarely, since the use of large doses of hormones causes severe adverse reactions.

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Modern means of contraception: barrier, chemical, biological, hormonal, intrauterine contraception, surgical - there are a lot of them, but often a woman cannot decide what to choose. And she ends up unexpectedly pregnant. We will briefly describe different contraceptives for women, their advantages and disadvantages.

Intrauterine systems

These are those that are installed in the uterine cavity for a long time. Usually recommended exclusively for women who have given birth due to possible side effects. But we'll start with the advantages.

1. You don’t have to worry about an unwanted pregnancy for several years; it has a positive effect on sexual relationships.

2. High reliability. Just under 100%.

3. Availability. The most inexpensive intrauterine device costs about 200-300 rubles. Purchased once.

And these are disadvantages.

1. Unpleasant sensations during installation. Some women require local anesthesia.

2. The possibility of the IUD falling out and dislodging, which provokes a decrease or cessation of its contraceptive effect.

3. Inflammatory diseases. Installation of the system can provoke the penetration of pathogens into the uterine cavity, which sometimes causes endometritis, the occurrence of adhesions in the intestines and fallopian tubes. Accordingly, the risk of infertility in the future increases. Therefore, spirals are usually recommended specifically for women who have given birth.

4. The likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy. Due to the spiral, the fertilized egg cannot be fixed in the uterine cavity and can return back to the fallopian tube and be implanted there.

5. Increased likelihood of heavy menstruation. Therefore, non-hormonal intrauterine systems are not recommended for use in women who experience severe cyclic and acyclic uterine bleeding.

Condoms

Barrier contraceptives have a number of advantages and can be used without consulting a doctor. Always welcome.

1. Reliability. Almost 100% protection not only from unwanted pregnancy, but also from sexually transmitted infections.

2. Ease of use and accessibility. Can be purchased at any pharmacy or supermarket. The abundance of models allows any couple to choose the right contraceptive for themselves.

3. No contraindications. Only sometimes allergic reactions occur to them. More often it is a matter of lubricant, dye or flavoring that is used to cover the condom. In this case, you need to try another, regular one, without any bells and whistles.

But there are also disadvantages. They tend to be especially scary for couples who have previously used other forms of contraception.

1. Negative effect on erection, sensitivity. Usually, a condom with ultra-thin walls helps in this case.

2. The condom falls off during intercourse. Again due to poor erection. It happens when a condom is worn when there is insufficient sexual arousal.

3. Damage to the condom. This often happens if you try to apply various substances on it in the form of a lubricant that are not intended for this. But damage can also be the result of a defective product. If the condom breaks, emergency contraception is used to prevent pregnancy.

By the way, an intrauterine device can be used as emergency contraception. It should be installed a maximum of 5 days after unprotected sexual intercourse. Naturally, this method is suitable for those women who were already thinking about installing an intrauterine system.

Spermicides

They have no contraindications and can be used, if necessary, by women who are breastfeeding. The chemical method of contraception also has pros and cons.

Some advantages.

1. Availability. 10 vaginal tablets (or suppositories), for 10 sexual acts, cost about 300 rubles. Sold in all pharmacies.

2. They do not affect the body like hormonal contraceptives, that is, they only have a local effect.

3. They have some antimicrobial and antibacterial effects.

4. They have no contraindications and can be used in cases where no other contraception is suitable.

And these are the disadvantages.

1. Often cause irritation of the vaginal mucosa and glans penis.

2. With regular use, 2-3 times a week or more, the vaginal microflora is disrupted.

3. Efficiency is significantly lower than declared if sexual intercourse begins before the time specified in the instructions. After introducing the drug into the vagina, you need to wait a little for it to start working.

Hormonal agents

They are considered one of the most reliable and convenient, but at the same time they have many contraindications and side effects. We will talk about oral contraceptives. First, the good stuff.

1. When taken correctly, birth control pills are almost 100% effective.

2. Make the menstrual cycle regular.

3. It is possible to sometimes postpone menstruation, delay its onset, if necessary. To do this, the break that is taken in taking the pills for 7 days every month is postponed.

4. Have a positive effect on the endometrium. Hormonal contraception is also a means of preventing the formation of certain types of ovarian cysts.

5. Can be taken for an unlimited period, with breaks only for pregnancy. Treatment ends with the onset of menopause.

And the downsides.

1. Sometimes they provoke the development of varicose veins.

2. Must be taken without skipping, and preferably at the same time, so that the effectiveness does not decrease.

3. In parallel with oral contraceptives, you cannot take certain medications, for example, antibiotics, since this reduces protection against pregnancy.

4. Diarrhea and diarrhea are also undesirable effects, especially in the first three hours of taking the pill.

5. Sometimes taking hormonal contraception provokes weight gain.

6. Spotting outside of menstruation. A common side effect in the first three cycles of taking the drug. If they persist longer, you need to think about taking a drug with a higher dosage of the hormone estrogen.

7. Decreased libido, vaginal dryness. This can be fixed. Longer foreplay and the use of water-based lubricants will solve this problem. In some cases, women switch to triphasic drugs or without estrogen at all. It can also help in returning sexual desire.

And that's not all. A complete list of side effects can be found in the instructions for the drug. But, of course, it is not at all a fact that any of them will affect you or be pronounced.

Non-working and unreliable methods of contraception

Sex for conceiving children is a much rarer thing than intercourse for pleasure. That is why not every sexual intercourse should result in pregnancy. This has always been the case, but modern contraception appeared relatively recently. That is why in ancient times people tried with all their might to come up with at least some reliable way to combat unwanted conception.

Undoubtedly, some folk remedies worked, but most of them were real obscurantism. Unfortunately, despite modern developments in contraception, some people still try to use ancient methods. And this is bad, because an unplanned pregnancy is a great stress for both partners, and there is nothing to say about the dangers of abortion for women’s health. We have discussed reliable contraception, and now let's talk about the most stupid methods of folk contraception, in order to completely get rid of stupid misconceptions and not use them as a means of contraception after childbirth and in other situations.

1. Sex while standing. There is a myth that standing sex prevents the man's semen from reaching the egg, as it simply spills out of the vagina. In fact, this is not at all the case. Sperm are quite capable of achieving their goal. Thus, trying to protect yourself from an unplanned pregnancy by standing, or any other pose, is impossible.

2. Interrupted sexual intercourse. The most popular method of folk contraception is interrupted coitus. However, popularity is not a guarantee of success. The fact is that during arousal, a certain amount of lubricant containing sperm may be released from the male genital organ. Consequently, conception can occur even at the very beginning of intercourse.

3. Lemon. There is such a very unusual recipe for a chemical contraceptive. A slice of lemon is inserted into the vagina and remains there until the very end of sexual intercourse. It is believed that lemon juice will easily kill all sperm and conception will not occur. There is still some truth in this myth: citric acid can destroy sperm. But first of all, not everything. And secondly, exposure to lemon juice can cause serious burns to the vaginal mucosa, head of the penis, etc.

4. Free week or calendar method of birth control. It is believed that after menstruation, a girl has from three days to a week during which she can make love without fear of pregnancy. Purely theoretically, this is so, because ovulation usually occurs no earlier than the 12th day of the cycle. In practice, everything is not so clear. After all, for many women, the menstrual cycle does not follow a clear schedule, and in such cases this method of contraception is completely meaningless.

Sexual intercourse during menstruation is more reliable in this regard, but only if the woman’s bleeding is not prolonged. After all, it happens that menstruation continues for 7-8 days. Well, sperm can safely remain in an active state in the female genital tract for 3 days. That is, if ovulation occurs on day 11, then the egg may well meet a sperm on its way.

But after ovulation, after 3 days (the egg lives for a maximum of 2 days), truly “sterile days” begin; this convenient period lasts until menstruation, on average 7-10 days. But not every woman can accurately determine the day of ovulation.

5. Urination after sexual intercourse. This method is more suitable for men, and in order to “drive out” an infection from the urethra that he could get as a result of sexual intercourse. How is the female urethra connected to the vagina? Science does not know this. The method is absolutely hopeless.

6. Vaginal douching. Often women choose antiseptics for these purposes, such as chlorhexidine or miramistin. But it's no use. These substances can only protect against infections, and not always. Well, they are not scary for sperm. Within 1-2 minutes after intercourse, many nimbles will enter the cervical canal. And you can’t get them from there anymore.
Well, the most unpleasant thing is that douching disrupts the microflora of the vagina and leads to the proliferation of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms there, that is, to inflammation.

Nevertheless, many women continue to claim that medically approved methods of protection against unwanted pregnancy are by no means 100% effective. The only remaining option is surgical contraception - tubal ligation, which can be done in some cases. However, doctors consider this approach to be incorrect; traditional contraception in any case is inferior to officially recognized contraception in terms of effectiveness. And yet, it often seriously harms your health. Is it worth the risk?

Hormonal contraception all over the world they are considered the most reliable in terms of protection against unwanted pregnancy. They are trusted by millions of women in civilized countries. They give freedom to choose the time of birth of the desired child, emancipation in sexual relationships, and relief from certain diseases and suffering. Subject to the rules of use hormonal contraceptives provide, without a doubt, a high level of reliability. In the last decade, interest in this method of contraception has also increased in our country, but passions about the benefits and harms, advantages and disadvantages of their use do not subside.

How birth control pills work

Modern oral contraceptives may contain one or two hormones: progesterone and estrogen - then they are called combined, or only progesterone - the so-called mini-pills.

Combined contraceptives are divided into drugs:

with microdoses of hormones;
with low doses;
medium dose;
with high doses of hormones.

“Mini-pill” drugs are considered the most gentle of all birth control pills.

How do birth control pills work?

Birth control pills consist of synthetic hormones, which are analogues of female sex hormones produced in a woman’s body constantly during pregnancy. It is estrogen and progesterone that inhibit the production of other hormones that stimulate follicle maturation, due to which ovulation occurs. Therefore, by administering small doses of estrogen and progesterone with the tablet, it becomes possible to suppress or inhibit ovulation (egg maturation). The mechanism of action of all combined hormonal agents is based on this principle.

The action of the “mini-pill” is based on the same principles, but the effective point here is the effect of the tablets on the structure of the uterine mucosa, and on the change in the viscosity of the secretion of the cervical canal. Thickening of the secretion and looseness of the endometrium does not allow sperm to fertilize the egg, and the egg itself does not allow itself to gain a foothold in the uterus.

All these phenomena disappear when you stop taking contraceptives. Reproductive function is restored within two to three months, and the woman can have the desired pregnancy.

Birth control pills are almost 100% effective in preventing pregnancy when used correctly. At the same time, the use of these products regulates the menstrual cycle, relieves women from pain during menstruation and menstrual bleeding. Modern contraceptives eliminate the symptoms of premenstrual and menopausal periods, reduce the risk of cancer, stop unwanted facial hair growth, and the appearance of acne.

Does the effect of birth control pills decrease with alcohol consumption?

Women, especially at a young age, often wonder how alcohol affects the reliability of birth control pills. Is it possible to take them together? Of course, this question is legitimate, because taking contraceptives can be long-term, but life is life, and no one is immune from circumstances when alcohol intake may occur.

I would like to always be confident in the effectiveness of contraceptives, and to know what factors can reduce it. It is unlikely that anyone will be able to completely eliminate alcohol. And the instructions for contraceptive drugs often do not indicate that they cannot be combined with alcohol intake.

What to do if a festive feast is planned? If the celebration is scheduled for the evening, then taking the pill should be shifted three hours earlier or later. As a last resort, you can reschedule taking the pill until the morning, as if you forgot to take it, but then you need to follow the instructions for the drug exactly according to it. It is also necessary to see a gynecologist to rule out pregnancy.

According to WHO, the dose of alcohol should not exceed 20 mg of ethanol per day, if the need arises in combination with birth control pills. Moderation in drinking alcohol plays a big role in maintaining the effectiveness of contraceptives.

Side effects

The main disadvantages of birth control pills are their side effects on the body, which include:

Bloody spotting, especially common when starting to take the pills. After adaptation to the drug, as a rule, they disappear.
Estrogens included in contraceptives can cause bloating, swelling of the lower extremities, fluid retention in the body, increased blood pressure, and migraine-like headaches.
Progestins, on the contrary, cause irritability, nervousness, acne, and some weight gain.
Weight gain may be associated with increased appetite when taking contraceptives. In some cases, this is due to fluid retention in the body.
Sometimes birth control pills can cause dark spots to appear on the face, similar to those characteristic of pregnancy. In this case, it is better to switch to another type of tablet.
Such dangerous vascular diseases as thrombosis can be caused. Their occurrence depends entirely on the dose of hormones in the product. The higher the dose of estrogen, the greater the risk of developing vascular thrombosis.
Smoking is prohibited while taking some contraceptives. Women who smoke are at risk of developing heart attacks and strokes.
Taking combined oral contraceptives can cause attacks of gallstones and cause the formation of new stones in the bile ducts.
Side effects may occur when oral contraceptives are combined with other medications: antibiotics, antifungals, etc.

Which birth control pills help you get better?

Modern contraceptives, which contain microdoses of hormonal components, do not cause weight gain.

But, if the drug is chosen incorrectly for a particular woman or girl, some weight gain is quite possible. Many women experience weight gain in the first two months of taking contraceptives, which is easily explained by the body’s adaptation. If your weight increases in the future, then you need to decide on switching to another type of pill.

The effect of contraceptives on fat metabolism has been well studied. Therefore, it is possible for each woman to choose a remedy that would not cause the above side effects.

Bleeding while taking birth control pills

Bleeding when using birth control pills is a possible side effect. Bleeding can be either spotty or breakthrough.

Spotting bleeding occurs in the first months of taking contraceptives. They are more often observed when using drugs with low hormone content than when using combined drugs. The reason is this: microdoses of hormones in the pill do not have time to accumulate in the body, and they are not enough to delay menstruation. This is a normal phenomenon, and it is not advisable to stop taking pills due to the appearance of spotting. The body will adapt and all functions will be restored.

If breakthrough bleeding occurs, the alarm should be sounded. It is better to immediately consult a doctor who will conduct an examination to exclude ectopic pregnancy, inflammatory diseases, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis.

What to do if bleeding occurs:

Continue taking birth control as usual, or stop taking it within seven days.
Contact the doctor. Your doctor may prescribe additional high-progestin pills.
If bleeding continues, a blood test must be taken to rule out anemia. For anemia, iron supplements are prescribed.

Vaginal discharge

Are women often concerned about an increase in vaginal discharge? and associate them with the use of birth control pills.

By the way, vaginal discharge is found in every woman, but normally it is odorless, transparent in appearance and insignificant.

If your menstrual cycle is irregular, you should consult a doctor who will tell you what to do. Establishing a cycle duration of 21-36 days is considered the norm.

With changes in mood, a herbal mixture with common twig helps well, which affects the level of testosterone in the body.

Skin problems such as acne, oily hair, greasiness? talk about an imbalance of hormones in the female body. In this case, combined oral contraceptives with antiandrogenic action are selected.

Doctors believe that it is better to stop taking the pills two to three months before the planned conception. However, it should be borne in mind that the likelihood of conception increases already in the first month after discontinuation of the contraceptive.

How to take birth control pills correctly?

It is better to start taking contraceptives on the first day of your period - only then the pills take effect immediately. If taken on the fifth day of menstruation, additional precautions should be taken. Women with irregular periods can start taking contraceptives on the first day of their cycle, confident that they are not pregnant.

In the absence of lactation, it is better to start taking it 21 days after birth. If breastfeeding, taking oral contraceptives should be postponed for six months.

After an abortion, it is necessary to start using birth control pills on the day of the abortion.

Standard regimen for hormonal contraceptives
The drug is taken daily for 21 days, followed by a seven-day break, then continues to be taken from a new package. Menstrual-like bleeding goes away during a break from taking the pills.

Special Modes
The 24+4 mode is typical for the contraceptive Jess, the package of which contains 24 hormonal and 4 inactive tablets. The tablets are used daily, without breaks.

Extended mode
It consists of taking a product containing only “active” tablets (continuously, more than one package). A three-cycle regimen is common - taking 63 tablets of monophasic drugs followed by a 7-day break.

Thus, the number of menstrual bleeding per year is reduced to four.

What to do if you forgot to take your pill?

The basic rule in case of missing a pill:
1. Take the missed pill as soon as possible!
2. Take the remaining tablets at your usual time.

If one or two tablets are missed, or a new pack is not started within one or two days
Take a pill. There is a risk of pregnancy.

Missing three or more tablets in the first 2 weeks of use, or not starting a new pack within three days
Take a pill. Use barrier methods of contraception for 7 days. If sexual intercourse has taken place within 5 days, use emergency contraception.

Skipping 3 or more tablets during the third week of use
Take the pill as soon as possible. If the package contains 28 tablets, do not take the last seven tablets. Don't take a break. Use barrier methods of contraception for 7 days. If sexual intercourse has taken place within 5 days, use emergency contraception.

When do birth control pills start working?

When taken correctly, the tablets begin to act immediately after the start of the course.

How to choose the right drug for nulliparous and parous women?

Young, nulliparous women are more often prescribed microdosed birth control pills. Such drugs as Lindinet -20, Jess, Logest, Mercilon, Qlaira, Novinet are ideal for them.

Low-dose and medium-dose hormonal drugs are suitable for women who have given birth. These include: Yarina, Marvelon, Lindinet-30, Regulon, Silest, Janine, Miniziston, Diane-35 and Chloe.

Features of contraception depending on the woman’s age

Selecting birth control pills is a difficult task that can be solved together with your doctor. The goal of the task is reliable protection against the occurrence of unwanted pregnancy. The criteria may be effectiveness, absence of side effects, ease of use of the pills and speed of restoration of fertility after discontinuation of the contraceptive.

Undoubtedly, the choice of contraceptive drug depends on age characteristics.

At what age can you take birth control pills?

The periods of a woman’s life are divided into adolescence - from 10 to 18 years, early reproductive - up to 35 years, late reproductive - up to 45 years, and perimenopausal - lasting 1-2 years from the last menstruation.

It is advisable to start contraception in adolescence, if, of course, there is a need for it. In recent years, there has been a decrease in the age of first pregnancy and childbirth, and the frequency of abortions at a young age is increasing.

According to WHO, the most effective for adolescents are combined oral contraceptives containing small doses of steroids and third-generation drugs containing progestogens. Three-phase drugs are best suited for adolescents: Triziston, Triquilar, Tri-Regol, as well as single-phase drugs: Femoden, Mercilon, Silest, Marvelon, which regulate the course of the menstrual cycle.

Birth control pills for young girls

Between the ages of 19 and 35, women can use all known methods of contraception. However, it should be borne in mind that the use of combined oral contraceptives is more reliable and effective.

In addition to oral contraceptives, other methods are also popular in our country: insertion of an intrauterine device, use of a condom, and use of injection methods of contraception.

It has been proven that birth control pills are used not only for contraception, but also for therapeutic and preventive purposes for diseases such as infertility, inflammatory and oncological diseases, and menstrual irregularities. The only drawback that you need to be aware of is that hormonal contraceptives do not protect a woman from sexually transmitted infections.

The most common remedies at this age are Janine, Yarina, Regulon.

Which birth control pills are best to take after 35 years of age?

Doctors say that at this age women should protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy by using intrauterine devices, because At this age, steroids, due to the presence of diseases acquired by the woman, are contraindicated.

A woman may suffer from cervical diseases, endometriosis, endocrinological diseases - diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, obesity. Many women smoke. These factors complicate the selection of hormonal contraceptives.

Steroids are prescribed only if there are no contraindications. The latest generation combined contraceptive pills and three-phase drugs are preferred: Femoden, Triziston, Silest, Triquilar, Marvelon, Tri-regol.

For this group of women, products with a low content of hormones, as well as “mini-pill” preparations, are excellent. Hormonal contraception is combined with the therapeutic effect of new generation drugs. The most popular of them is Femulen. It can be used if a woman has diseases such as thrombophlebitis, previous heart attack and stroke, hypertension, severe migraine-type headaches, and some gynecological diseases.

Which birth control pills are suitable for women over 45?

After 45 years, ovarian function gradually decreases, the likelihood of pregnancy decreases, but is still possible. Many women at this age are still ovulating, and fertilization of the egg can occur.

Undoubtedly, a woman is able to become pregnant and give birth to a child, but pregnancy often occurs with complications, since at this age there is a fairly large bouquet of various diseases. Usually there are diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys, chronic dysfunctions of the reproductive system. All factors can serve as contraindications for the prescription of hormonal contraceptives. Smoking and other bad habits also complicate the use of birth control pills.

Very often, by the age of 40, women no longer plan a pregnancy, and unwanted pregnancies are artificially terminated. Abortion, especially during this period, has consequences that threaten a woman’s health. Frequent complications of abortion are the development of uterine fibroids, cancer, and severe manifestations of menopause. The possibility of developing diseases indicates the need for contraception during this period.

Birth control pills are also prescribed for many gynecological diseases, osteoporosis, and to prevent the development of ovarian and uterine cancer.

At the age of over 45 years, it is promising to use low-dose hormonal drugs, mini-pills, injections and implants that are implanted under the skin (for example, Norplant).

Combined-action contraceptive pills are contraindicated in women over 45 years of age in the following cases:

if a woman smokes;
if a woman suffers from heart and vascular diseases - heart attack, stroke, thrombosis;
with type 2 diabetes mellitus;
in case of severe liver diseases with the development of liver failure;
for obesity.

At this age, the modern drug Femulen is often used, which has virtually no side effects.

Effect of birth control pills

For pregnancy

When taking hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy is quite possible if a woman takes the pills incorrectly or the regimen for taking them is disrupted. If pregnancy is suspected or established, the drug must be discontinued immediately.

Taking hormonal drugs in the first three weeks of pregnancy does not have a negative effect on the condition of the fetus and the health of the woman.

Overall for the body

Hormonal contraceptives have different effects on a woman’s body. In order to promptly identify side effects of contraceptives, a woman taking these drugs is required to consult with her doctor twice a year. Contraceptives can affect the vaginal microflora. This influence manifests itself in various symptoms. Some people develop signs of thrush (bacterial vaginitis) because taking medications containing gestagens leads to a decrease in the level of lactobacilli in the vagina. In this case, it is possible to discontinue the pills until the estrogen level is restored and the symptoms disappear.

For the development of mastopathy

Women often ask the question: can birth control pills cause mastopathy?

Experts say that with the correct choice of birth control pills and the correct regimen for their use, mastopathy cannot develop. Another thing is when a woman has hormonal imbalances, there are chronic gynecological diseases, diseases of the liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands. Hormonal imbalance, stress, depression, abortion, breast trauma can lead to mastopathy.

Contraception should only be selected by a doctor. The doctor must take into account all the characteristics of a particular woman, her state of health, age, heredity, phenotype, bad habits, lifestyle, sexual activity. If the drug is selected incorrectly, without a doubt, the risk of developing mastopathy increases.

It is important to start taking hormonal medications only after consultation and examination by a specialist - in this case, you will avoid unwanted consequences and possible complications.

Do birth control pills help with menopause and androgenetic alopecia?

An effective treatment for women during menopause and with androgenetic alopecia can be tablets and creams containing estrogen and progesterone.

Is it possible to leave without a doctor's prescription?

Birth control pills are prescription drugs and can only be prescribed by a doctor. The law does not prohibit the sale of hormonal contraceptives without a prescription. But only a doctor can help you choose the right method and means of contraception.