In state Z, a democratic political regime is established, and in the state. State Z established a democratic political regime State z established a democratic
The main state exam of the OGE Social science task No. 21 Demo version 2018-2017 State Z has a democratic political regime, while State Y has a totalitarian one. Compare these two political regimes.
Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers of the similarities, and in the second column - the serial numbers of the differences.
1) suppression of violations of public order
2) the presence of executive authorities
3) free elections on an alternative basis
4) sentencing by extrajudicial bodies
Answer: 1324
21. The school year is over, and the high school students decided to go camping. Stopping in a forest clearing, they set up tents, hung pots over the fire, in which potatoes were boiled and tea was boiled. While waiting for dinner, one of the tenth graders took out a guitar, and the guys sang a popular song in unison. At that moment, many felt the harmony of two worlds: natural and social. Compare these two worlds. Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers that are common to nature and culture, and in the second column - the serial numbers that distinguish nature and culture.
3) is a complete system
Answer: 1 4 2 3
21. Zinaida Ivanovna on her day off did hair styling at the hairdresser and went to the grocery store for shopping. Compare the two products of economic activity mentioned in the assignment statement: a service and a product.
1) Most often used at the time of production
2) In market conditions, the penalty depends on the ratio of supply and demand
3) Always has a real form
4) Is the goal and result of production
Answer: 2 4 1 3
21. Tamara Ivanovna teaches computer science at school. In addition, she conducts scientific research on the use of computer technology in teaching. Compare the two activities mentioned in the assignment statement: education and science. Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers of the similarities, and in the second column - the serial numbers of the differences.
1) involves the discovery of new facts and patterns
2) belongs to the sphere of spiritual culture
3) covers the system of organizations and institutions
4) has a stepped character
Answer: 2 3 1 4
21. State Z is a unitary monarchy. It is adjacent to state Y, which has a federal structure. Compare the forms of government mentioned in the condition of the assignment: unitary federal.
Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers of similarities, and in the second column - the serial numbers of differences.
1) reflects the organization of state power
2) determines the distribution of powers between the central government and the subjects of the state
3) involves the allocation of administrative districts that do not have sovereignty
4) reflects the nature of the relationship between central and local authorities
Answer: 1 4 2 3
21. Citizen D. had to help a comrade who found himself in a difficult situation. But in order to fulfill his moral obligations, he needed one day of vacation at his own expense, and with this request he decided to turn to the head of the department. At the same time, citizen D. understood that, according to the Labor Code, the head of the department could refuse his request.
Compare the two types of social norms faced by citizen D.: moral and legal. Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers that are common to both types of social norms, and in the second column - the serial numbers that distinguish social norms.
1) are social regulators
2) protected by the state
3) are supported voluntarily
4) streamline people's lives
Answer: 1 4 2 3
21. The above list shows the similarities between the executives and the legislative power of the Russian Federation and the differences between the executive and legislative powers of the Russian Federation. Select and write down in the first column - the serial numbers of the features of difference.
1) public authority
2) has the right of legislative power
3) is a representative body of power
4) consists of two chambers
Answer: 1 2 3 4
21. State Z retains a subsistence economy, while State Y has begun the transition to commodity production. Compare the two types of farming mentioned in the assignment statement: subsistence and commodity.
Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers for both types of farms, and in the second column - the serial numbers that distinguish these types of farms.
1) the main purpose of the activity is to make a profit
2) the production of agricultural products is carried out for sale
3) Production production is subject to weather conditions
4) work is carried out in open space in rural areas
Answer: 3 4 1 2
21. The owner of the company produces vegetable products for sale on the market, but at the same time exchanges a small part with neighbor farmers for livestock products. Compare trade and barter. Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers that are common to both types of activities, and in the second column - the serial numbers that distinguish these types of activities.
1) products of exchange have a use value
2) the exchange is carried out for money
3) you can get some good without producing it
4) products of exchange have a price
Answer: 1 3 2 4
21. The training goal ended, and the high school students decided to go camping. Stopping in a forest clearing, they set up tents, hung pots over the fire, in which potatoes were boiled and tea was boiled. While waiting for dinner, one of the tenth graders took out a guitar, and the guys felt the harmony of two worlds: natural and social. Compare these two worlds. Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers that are common to nature and culture, and in the second column - the serial numbers that distinguish nature and culture.
1) is a condition for the existence of people
2) changes are progressive
3) development is carried out as a result of people's activities
4) is a complete system
1) In a democracy, there is always a choice.
2) Democracy is the recognition that all of us as a society are responsible for each other.
QUESTION:
Why is a democratic regime established in most of the developed countries of the world, as in modern Russia?
Chrome) There is a scheme divided into 5 points, and all arrows lead to "Establishment of a democratic regime"
The term "form of government" is used to refer to1) methods of exercising state power
2) structures and powers of higher authorities
3) the relationship between the central, regional and local authorities
4) distribution of legislative, executive and judicial functions
2. One of the forms of government -
1) dictatorship 2) republic 3) federation 4) democracy
3. One of the forms of government -
1) totalitarian state 2) unitary state
3) presidential republic 4) monarchical state
4. The head of state Z is a prince who inherits power. What additional information allows us to conclude that state Z is a parliamentary monarchy?
1) All the fullness of state power is concentrated in the hands of the prince.
2) The law provides for the transfer of the throne only through the male line.
3) The prince is the commander in chief of the army.
4) The power of the prince is limited by the constitution.
5) Rights and opportunities to receive education in their native language.
5. What additional information allows us to conclude that Z is a unitary state?
1) Citizens of this state have the right to dual citizenship.
2) Executive power is exercised by the government.
3) There are several political parties in the state.
4) The state is divided on a territorial basis, the regions do not have political independence.
6. Are the following judgments about the forms of the state correct?
A. In a monarchy, power is vested in the hereditary ruler.
B. In any federal state, several state languages are officially recognized.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
7. The concept of "political regime" reflects
1) the nature of the relationship between a citizen and state power
2) a way of organizing the supreme state power
3) the method of interconnection of territorial state formations
4) the status of regions within the state
8. What political regime is characterized by free elections to government bodies, a guarantee of human rights?
1) authoritarian 2) totalitarian 3) democratic 4) dictatorial
law that distinguishes it from other forms
social regulation
1/ social value 2/ provided
the possibility of applying
state coercion
3/ supported by the power of public
opinions 4/ connection with morality
A 2. Among the listed
offense is a crime
1/ food trade in
unspecified place 2/ non-payment of debt
3/ appearing at work drunk 4/
malicious evasion of alimony
A 3. Are the following statements correct?
A. Source of power and bearer
sovereignty in the Russian Federation is
multiethnic people - says
constitutional separation principle
authorities.
B. The Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 does not include
of the President of the Russian Federation to none of the three branches
authorities.
are wrong
A 4. The content of the policy is determined
1/ relations between private persons by
about power
2/ relations between small groups
people about power
3/ relations between non-state
organizations about the conclusion
deals
4/ relations between large groups
people about power
A 5. In the state of N. the main body,
legislative
activity, is the National
an elected assembly.
The National Assembly creates and
enacts laws that
king. Government bears
responsibility to the national
assembly. What is the form of government
state N?
1/ estate-representative monarchy 2/
absolute monarchy
3/ parliamentary monarchy 4/
parliamentary republic
A 6. Are the following judgments about
separation of powers?
A. Separation of powers promotes
avoiding the concentration of power in the hands
one man.
B. Separation of powers promotes
clear division of functions between
branches of government.
1/ only A is correct 2/ only B is correct 3/
both judgments are correct 4/ both judgments
are wrong
A7. Are the following statements about
state?
A. having your own territory is not
is a must for
states.
B. establishing and levying taxes on
territory of the state is a monopoly
state law.
1/ only A is correct 2/ only B is correct 3/
both judgments are correct 4/ both judgments
are wrong
A 8. Specify the form of direct
citizen participation in governance
state, guaranteed by the constitution
RF.
1/ rallies 2/ petitions 3/ referendum 4/
popular initiative
A 9. Totalitarian state
characterized
1/ availability of economic
independence of citizens based
on private property
2/ ideological pluralism
3/ by independent means
mass media
4/ lack of opposition parties and
movements
A 10. The rule of law distinguishes
1/ principle of separation of powers 2/
sovereignty
3/ independent foreign policy 4/
having an army
A 11. Which statement is correct?
A. Laws in the Russian Federation are adopted by the Government
RF.
B. An ordinary citizen does not have
the right of legislative initiative.
1/ only A is correct 2/ only B is correct 3/
both judgments are correct 4/ both judgments
are wrong
B 1. The following list indicates the features
similarities between presidential and parliamentary
republics and four distinctions of the presidential
republic from parliamentary. Choose and
write the answer in the table.
1/ power is replaceable, elected to
certain period
2/ election of the head of state by the population
3/ government responsibility to
head of state
4/ legislated
government accountability and accountability
for the results of their work.
similarities traits differences
B 2. Match between
features of political regimes and their
types.
Features of political regimes:
A) opposition is allowed, but is located
under strict control B) legal
state
C) full control of the state over all and
each D) suppression of any opposition
E) equality of all before the law E)
imposition of a single ideology
Types of political regimes: 1)
democratic 2) authoritarian 3)
totalitarian
B 3. Match the
public authorities in the Russian Federation and
branches of power.
State authorities in the Russian Federation:
A) administration of Primorsky Krai B)
Federal Assembly
C) Ministry of Culture D) city
thought
E) Government of the Russian Federation E) Department
education in Moscow
Branches of government: 1)
legislative 2)
stve Y - totalitarian. Compare these two political regimes. Choose and write
in the first column of the table, the serial numbers of similarities, and in the second column - the order
kovy numbers of traits of distinction.
1) free elections on a competitive basis
2) suppression of violations of public order
3) the presence of heads of executive authorities
4) developed civil society
similarities traits differences
16. Establish a correspondence between the signs and types of political regimes:
For each element given in the first column, select the appropriate element
From the second column.
SIGNS TYPES OF POLITICAL REGIMES
A) free elections to government bodies
B) the rule of law
C) obligatory state ideology
D) comprehensive constant monitoring of human life and general
D) multi-party system
1) democratic
2) totalitarian
Establish a correspondence between the signs and types (kinds) of political
Zhimov: for each element given in the first column, select the appropriate element
Ment from the second column.
FEATURES TYPES (TYPES) OF POLITICAL REGIMES
A) the imposition of a mandatory state ideology
B) holding free elections on a competitive basis
B) a multi-party system
D) rule of law
D) political repression
1) democratic
2) totalitarian
Politics and political culture 119
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
(A) State Z has periodic parliamentary elections, but
only candidates from the ruling party are nominated. (B) It is feared that in the means
only the position of the government is presented to the mass media. (B) Probably in country Z
established an anti-democratic regime.
Read the given text, each position of which is marked with a letter.
(A) Country Z has parliamentary elections every 4 years. (B) It is very important that beat-
The guardians are free to choose from several alternative candidates. (B) Du-
I think this indicates that country Z is democratic.
Determine which positions of the text
1) reflect facts 2) express opinions
Record in the table the numbers indicating the nature of the relevant provisions.
TASKS FOR SELF-TEST
The activities of the executive authorities are
1) development of the state budget
2) appointment of presidential elections
3) approval of changes in boundaries between subjects
Which of the following is within the competence of the Government of the Russian Federation?
2) announcement of amnesty
3) assignment of honorary titles of the Russian Federation
4) development and adoption of laws
Are the following judgments about the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation correct?
A. The Federal Assembly is the highest executive body in the Russian Federation.
B. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and the State
Noah Duma.
What type of normative legal act is adopted by the Federal Assembly
1) resolution 3) decree
2) order 4) law
What are the powers of the President of the Russian Federation?
1) management of federal property
2) development and adoption of the state budget
3) approval of changes in the borders between the subjects of the Russian Federation
4) determination of the main directions of state policy
Are the following judgments about the powers of the President of the Russian Federation correct?
A. The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state.
B. The President of the Russian Federation develops and submits to the State Duma of the Russian Federation a federal
1) only A is true 3) both judgments are true
2) only B is correct 4) both judgments are wrong
Government of the Russian Federation
1) takes measures to ensure the rule of law, human rights and freedoms
2) develops and adopts laws
3) acts as a guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
4) resolves issues of granting citizenship of the Russian Federation
A1. Which of the following characterizes a democratic regime?
1) the supremacy of the executive branch
2) command-administrative management methods
3) the dominance of one obligatory ideology
4) protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens
A2. What is a sign of a state of any type?
1) the presence of a bicameral parliament
2) the presence of law enforcement agencies
3) popular election of the head of state
4) multi-party system
A3 . Are the following statements about the participation of citizens in political life correct?
A. Citizens participate in political life through elections and referendums.
B. Citizens participate in political life by sending their appeals to public authorities.
A4. The totality of non-state relations and organizations expressing the private interests of citizens in various fields is called:
1) civil society 2) multi-party system
3) federation 4) rule of law
A5 . A political regime characterized by the concentration of all power in the hands of one person or body of political power and a decrease in the role of other institutions is:
1) liberal 2) democratic 3) revolutionary 4) authoritarian
A6 . Are the following statements about the state correct?
A. In any state there is a separation of powers and a system of "checks" and "balances".
B. The state has the exclusive right to legislate.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A7. Which of the following characterizes any political party?
1) availability of regional branches
2) expression of the interests of society as a whole
3) the exclusive right to issue generally binding laws
4) claim to power, participation in power
A8 . What is meant by the form of government of the state?
1) organization of higher authorities 2) political regime
3) distribution of power throughout the country 4) political system
A9 . Are the following judgments about local self-government in the Russian Federation correct?
A. Local self-government is carried out by citizens through a referendum, elections, and other forms of direct expression of will.
B. The structure of local self-government bodies in the Russian Federation is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A10. In our country signs and promulgates laws:
1) head of government 2) president
3) Chairman of the Federation Council 4) Prosecutor General
A11. The hallmarks of a federal state are:
1) election of the highest bodies of state power
2) the supremacy of the executive branch
3) the presence of local governments
4) the presence in the territorial entities of their own authorities
A12. Are the following statements about political regimes correct?
A. Democratic regimes include such forms of government in which the main role is played by the parliament - the collective legislative body.
B. Non-democratic regimes include those forms of government in which the ruler with unlimited power plays the main role.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
A13 . State Z regularly holds parliamentary elections. The leader of the winning party becomes the head of government. Parliament elects a president who performs representative functions. What is the form of government of this state?
1) republic 2) monarchy 3) federation 4) democracy
A14 . In state Z, elections were held, in which about half of the citizens with the right to vote took part. What information will allow us to conclude that the elections were democratic in nature?
1) members of the ruling party received additional votes in the elections
2) voters had to be guided by the opinion of the authorities about each of the candidates
3) voters chose from several alternative candidates offering their programs
4) only those citizens who have a permanent job could participate in the elections
A15. Are judgments about the forms of state-territorial structure correct?
A. The main forms of the state-territorial structure are: a unitary state, a federation and a confederation.
B. Modern Russia is an example of a confederation.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A16. The supreme power in the state Z. is inherited. What is the form of government in this state?
1) federation 2) unitary state 3) monarchy 4) republic
A17. Politics is:
1) the sphere of society, designed to ensure the activities of scientific, religious, educational institutions and organizations
2) the sphere of application of the forces of the most conscious part of society
3) the sphere of relations that develop in the process of material production
4) the sphere of interaction of various groups realizing their interests with the help of power
A18. The state Z. is characterized by a certain degree of independence of the lands that form it, there is a dual system of legal proceedings, a civil law code. The central government does not have the right to unilaterally change the borders of the state, and the land, respectively, the right to withdraw from it unilaterally. What is the form of the state-territorial structure of the state Z.?
1) unitary state 2) autonomy
3) federation 4) confederation
A19. Executive bodies of local self-government:
1) establish local taxes and fees
2) approve the local budget
3) carry out law-making activities within the scope of their powers
4) dispose of property and objects of municipal property
A20 . Are the judgments about the separation of powers correct?
A) The separation of powers contributes to the exclusion of the concentration of state power in the hands of one person.
B) The separation of powers contributes to a clear delineation of functions between the branches of government.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
IN 1. The above list indicates the similarities between elections and a referendum and the differences between elections and a referendum. Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers of the similarities, and in the second column - the serial numbers of the differences:
1) is (are) an expression of democracy;
2) is (are) carried out, as a rule, regularly;
3) serves as a form of democracy;
4) involves the nomination of candidates.
Answer:
AT 2. Establish a correspondence between state authorities in the Russian Federation and their powers. For each element given in the first column, match the element from the second column.
POWERS OF AUTHORITIES STATE POWERS OF AUTHORITIES
STATE AUTHORITIES
A) hears the annual reports of the Government 1) President
the Russian Federation on the results of its activities; 2) Government
B) manages foreign policy 3) State Duma
Russian Federation; 4) Federation Council
C) approves changes in boundaries between subjects
Russian Federation;
D) manage federal property;
E) resolves issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation and
granting political asylum;
E) conducts financial, credit and monetary policy;
G) passes federal laws
AT 3. Read the text below, each position marked with a letter.
1) reflect the facts
2) express opinions
In country Z. a sociological survey of citizens was conducted. They were asked the question: “Do you think that the modern Russian mass media (media) are free from state control?”
The results of the survey (in % of the number of respondents) are presented in the table.
AT 4. Find in the list of conclusions that can be drawn from the data in the table, and
1) the opinions of the interviewed citizens were divided approximately in half
2) every fifth considers the Russian media to be absolutely free from state control
3) every tenth respondent believes that the Russian media are under the absolute control of the authorities
4) about half of the citizens surveyed believe that the media are under full or partial control of the state
5) the majority of respondents believe that the Russian media are under the complete control of the state authorities
Answer:___________
AT 5 . The results of the survey, reflected in the table, were published and commented on in the media. Which of the following conclusions directly follow from the information received during the survey?
Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) the population of the country has sharply polar views on issues of state control over the media.
2) there is a sharp social stratification in society
3) in country Z. democratic processes are developing
4) the bulk of the population is dissatisfied with the quality of the media
5) the government of country Z. should pay special attention to relations with the media
Answer:___________
Part III.
Civil society.
Civil society is a structured society. It contains within itself a mass of non-state associations independent of the state, and a person, being a member of one or several unions or associations, no longer stands alone in the face of the state machine. She can no longer calmly drive over it and not notice.
I am here not so much a citizen of the state as a member of the consumer union, a member of the firefighters assistance club, a parishioner of the temple, a visitor to the sports club. I am a member of a team with which we have common interests, we protect each other, we help each other. The same “Union of Consumers” is a very serious public organization that, at your request, can sue any enterprise that produces low-quality goods and services. This organization has its own magazine, its own lawyers and can, in principle, ruin any public or private enterprise if it is convicted of disrespect for consumer rights.
The sprouts of civil society are just emerging in our society. But if we take, for example, modern Germany, then it is highly developed there. Small enterprises are being created that call themselves “collectives”, “social projects”. These are pre-school education centers, food cooperatives, workshops, public libraries. There is a broad civil rights movement.
All this, taken together, creates a picture of a rich civil society, where a person can always find a group of like-minded people, can always receive protection from the injustices of the state and from his own loneliness. A person feels like a person only in his small group, where everyone knows, loves him and helps each other.
(According to the materials of the encyclopedia for schoolchildren)
C1 . Plan your text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
C2.
C3 . What manifestations of civil society are named in the text? List any five manifestations.
C4. Give three examples of civil society protecting the interests and rights of a citizen. In each case, name the protected right of a citizen, and then give an example.
C5. Some scholars believe that the full functioning of civil society is possible only under the rule of law. Give two reasons to support this opinion.
C6. The text contains the statement: "A person feels like a person only in his small group." Do you agree with this statement? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
Diagnostic work in social science.
Topic: "Sphere of politics and social management".
GIA
Option 2.
Part I
A1. Indicate the political party, based on its participation in the exercise of power:
1) communist 2) opposition
3) left 4) personnel
A2. In state Z, the popularly elected president is both head of state and head of government. At the same time, the government bears responsibility for its actions to the president. What is the form of government of state Z.?
1) constitutional monarchy
2) presidential republic
3) semi-presidential republic
4) parliamentary republic
A3 . Are the following statements about elections correct?
A. Elections are the act of public authorities to appoint candidates to elective office.
B. Elections are the consolidation by voting of pre-determined employees of the executive authorities.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A4. The Commonwealth of Independent States, created as a result of the meeting of the heads of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus in Belovezhskaya Pushcha on December 7-8, 1991, is an example:
1) confederation 2) federation 3) unitary state 4) autonomy
A5 . To policy functions not applicable:
1) regulation of relations between classes, social groups, nations
2) defending the private interests of citizens
3) maintenance of public order, integrity and stability of society
4) ensuring a civilized dialogue between citizens and the state
A6 . Are the following judgments about the ways in which a citizen develops the skills of political action correct?
A. The way to form a citizen's skills of political action is to include him in social and political life.
B. The method of forming the skills of political action in a citizen is the development of only political knowledge.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A7. To the signs of democracy not applicable:
1) appointment of the main authorities
2) equality of citizens
3) subordination of the minority to the majority when making decisions
4) recognition of the people as a source of power
A8 . State Z. has established a unified legal order on the territory of its country, issues laws, determines the rights and obligations of state bodies and public organizations, officials and citizens. This example illustrates:
1) territorial integrity 2) external sovereignty
3) sovereignty of the nation 4) internal sovereignty
A9 . Are the following statements about local government correct?
A. Local self-government is part of the system of state power.
B. Local self-government is characterized by a variety of forms of its implementation.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A10. In state Z, citizens do not have the right to make political choices, political, ideological and economic pluralism. Citizens cannot influence the government, which exercises full control over all spheres of public life. what kind of political regime exists in state Z.?
3) totalitarian 4) tyrannical
A11. The component of civil society in the field of spiritual culture is:
1) an association of environmentalists
2) pedagogical society
3) human rights organization
4) charitable foundation
A12. Are the following statements about state sovereignty correct?
A. State sovereignty is not the main feature of the state.
B. There really is no unrestricted state sovereignty and there cannot be.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A13 . N.'s organization seeks to influence the authorities so that they ensure the environmental safety of their region. The organization includes scientists, students, journalists, businessmen, athletes, deputies of the city assembly, pensioners with different ideological positions. This organization is:
1) political movement 2) human rights organization
3) municipal committee 4) political party
A14 . Specify the state, based on the form of state-territorial structure:
1) democratic 2) totalitarian 3) monarchist 4) federal
A15. Are the judgments about the separation of powers correct?
A. The essence of the separation of powers is that the three branches of state power (legislative, executive, judicial) must be independent of each other.
B. The essence of the separation of powers is that when one power operates, others stop their activity.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
A16. Party N. is not numerous in its composition. It does not have permanent rigid membership. In fact, the real members of the party are professional politicians who seek power. Therefore, the N. party was created for the purposes of election campaigns. This party- :
1) mass 2) personnel 3) conservative 4) left
A17. Which of the following terms unites, generalizes the rest?
1) form of government
2) political regime
3) form of state - territorial structure
4) the form of the state
A18. A sign of the rule of law is:
1) full guarantee and inviolability of human rights and freedoms
2) periodic elections to state authorities
3) the development of all branches of law necessary for the life of people
4) the presence of law enforcement agencies
A19. Referendum as opposed to elections:
1) implements the right of citizens to participate in the management of public affairs
2) is a legalized form of influence of the population on political life
3) acts as a manifestation of direct democracy and the will of the people
A20 . Are the judgments about active suffrage correct?
A) Active suffrage means the right to elect to public authorities.
B) Active suffrage means the right to be elected to the State Duma.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
Part II.
IN 1. In state Z, a democratic political regime is established, and in state Y, a totalitarian one. Compare these two political regimes. Select and write down in the first column of the table the serial numbers of the similarities, and in the second column - the serial numbers of the differences:
1) suppression of violations of public order
2) the presence of executive authorities
3) free elections on an alternative basis
4) sentencing by extrajudicial bodies
Answer:
AT 2. Establish a correspondence between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and its branches: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.
BODIES OF THE STATE BRANCH
AUTHORITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
A) administration of the Krasnodar Territory 1) legislative
B) Federal Assembly 2) executive
C) Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
D) city council
D) Government of the Russian Federation
Write down the selected numbers in the table:
Determine which positions of the text
1) reflect the facts
2) express opinions
Record in the table the numbers indicating the nature of the relevant provisions:
In one of the regions, the sociological service conducted a survey of adult citizens. They were asked the question: “What form of participation in political life do you prefer?”.
The results of the survey (in % of the number of respondents) are presented in the diagram.
AT 4. Find in the list of conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Every tenth respondent prefers meetings with politicians as a form of participation in the political life of the country.
2) A quarter of the respondents do not consider participation in elections as the preferred form of participation in the political life of the country.
3) The direction of appeals and letters to the authorities among the respondents is more popular than the activity in political parties, movements.
4) Respondents prefer to participate in rallies, demonstrations rather than come to meetings with political figures.
5) Sending appeals and letters to the authorities as a form of participation in the political life of the country received the same support among the respondents as participation in rallies, demonstrations and activities in political parties, movements taken together.
Answer:______________
AT 5 . The results of the survey reflected in the diagram were published and commented on in the media. Which of the following conclusions directly follow from the results of the survey?
Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The most popular form of participation of the population of the region in the political life of the country is activity in political parties.
2) Residents of the region use various forms of participation in the political life of the country.
3) The vast majority of the population of the region is interested in the election of officials and heads of organizations, as well as deputies to representative bodies of power, carried out by voting.
4) The democratization of political relations, in the opinion of the respondents, makes it possible to strengthen the influence of a person on power structures.
5) A significant part of the inhabitants of the region prefers a form of participation in the political life of the country, in which there is no principle of immediacy of democracy
Answer:______________
Part III.
“In order not to be able to abuse power, such an order of things is necessary in which various authorities could mutually restrain each other. Such a state system is possible, in which no one will be forced to do what the law does not oblige him to do, and not to do what the law allows him to do. (…)
In every state there are three kinds of power: legislative power, executive power, in charge of international law, and executive power, in charge of civil law.
By virtue of the first power, the sovereign or institution promulgates laws, temporary or permanent, and amends or repeals existing laws; by virtue of the second power, it declares war or makes peace, sends or receives ambassadors, provides security, prevents invasions. By virtue of the third power (which can be called judicial. - Auth.), He punishes criminals and resolves conflicts between private
persons. (…)
If the legislative and executive powers are united in one person or institution, then there will be no freedom, since it may be feared that this monarch or senate will issue tyrannical laws in order to apply them just as tyrannically.
There will be no freedom if the judiciary is not separated from the legislative and executive powers. If it is connected with the legislative power, then the life and freedom of citizens will be in the power of arbitrariness, for the judge will be the legislator. If the judiciary is combined with the executive, then the judge has the opportunity to become an oppressor.
Everything would perish if these three branches were combined in one and the same person or institution, composed of dignitaries from ordinary nobles or ordinary people: the power to create laws, the power to enforce decisions of a national nature and the power to judge criminals or lawsuits of private individuals.
In most European states a moderate form of government is established, because their sovereigns, having the first two powers, provide their subjects with a third administration. (…)
If the executive power does not have the right to stop the actions of the legislative assembly, then the latter will become despotic, since, having the opportunity to give itself any power that it wants, it will destroy all other powers.
On the contrary, the legislature should not have the right to stop the actions of the executive. Since the executive power is limited by its very nature, there is no need to limit it in any other way; in addition, the subject of its activity are issues that require a quick solution.
(Montesquieu C. On the Spirit of Laws M.1999. С137, 1380139.)
C1. Plan your text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
C2. What types of power existing in each state are mentioned in the text? What are the consequences of the combination of powers in one person or in one institution?
C3. Complete the table using the content of the text.
C4. Why, according to the author, should there be a separation of powers? Based on the text and social science knowledge, name three reasons for the separation of powers.
C5. In one television talk show dedicated to the reform of the political system, one of the participants argued that the legislative power is supreme, absolute, which, therefore, can take on the powers of other branches of government. Involving the text and social science knowledge, formulate two arguments (justifications) that critics of this point of view could use. Give a piece of text that helped you answer this question.
C6. Describing the legislature, the author notes that it "issues laws, temporary or permanent, and corrects or repeals existing laws." Do you agree that "the legislature should not have the right to stop the actions of the executive"? Based on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of your position.
Subject: " Sphere of politics and social management».
KEY
Part I | 1 - option | Option 2 |
A 4 | ||
A10 | ||
A11 | ||
A12 | ||
A13 | ||
A14 | ||
A15 | ||
A16 | ||
A17 | ||
A18 | ||
A19 | ||
A20 | ||
Part II | ||
1324 - 1 point | 1234– 1 point |
|
3142123 - 2 points | 21212- 2 points |
|
121– 1 point | 122 - 1 point |
|
134– 1 point | 235– 1 point |
|
15 - 1 point | 23 -- 1 point |
|
Part III | ||
1) composition of civil society; 2) tasks of civil society organizations; 3) the degree of development of civil society in our country and in the West; 4) the importance of civil society groups for human life. | The following semantic fragments can be distinguished and titled: 1) three kinds of power in the state; 2) conditions that threaten freedom in the state; 3) a moderate form of government; 4) legislative and executive power: a system of checks and balances Other formulations of the points of the plan are possible that do not distort the essence of the main idea of the fragment, and the allocation of additional semantic blocks. |
|
A correct answer may include the following rights and examples: | elements. 1) types of power, existing in each state:executive power, which is in charge of international law, and executive power, which is in charge of civil law. 2) consequences, to which the combination of types of power in one person or institution can lead: the loss of freedom, the power of arbitrariness. |
|
The response may include the following manifestations of civil society: 1) a member of a consumer association; 2) a member of the firemen assistance club; 3) parishioner of the temple; 4) a visitor to a sports club; 5) a visitor to a public library. Other manifestations of civil society may be given | The correct answer must containcompleted table. 1) Legislative– creation of laws, their abolition or correction. 2) Executive - declaring war or making peace, sending or receiving ambassadors, ensuring security. 3) Trial - punishment of criminals, resolution of clashes between individuals. Other wordings that are close in meaning may be given in the table. |
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The correct answer may include the following rights and examples: 1. The right of the consumer. Every citizen can get help from the "Union of Consumers" if he received low-quality goods in the store. 2. The right to a favorable ecological environment. Citizens uniting in public organizations protest against deforestation for the construction of a highway through the territory of the reserve. Other rights may be specified and examples given of them. | The correct answer must contain the following elements. 1) answer to the question: according to the author, the separation of powers creates an opportunity not to abuse power; 2) reasons for the separation of powers: The exclusion of the concentration of power in the hands of one person or a state body, which prevents abuse, the establishment of a dictatorship; The division of functions between the branches of state power makes it possible to effectively fulfill the important state powers of each of them, to exercise mutual control, to create a system of checks and balances; A harmonious solution to many problems of public and state life, in which a person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value. Other reasons for the separation of powers can be given. |
|
The following arguments can be given: 1) for the functioning of civil society, such a principle as the rule of law is necessary; 2) for the functioning of civil society, such a principle is necessary - the priority of human rights and freedoms; 3) for the functioning of civil society, such a principle is necessary - the subordination of the state to laws. | The correct answer must contain the following elements. 1) two arguments (explanations) For example: The legislature cannot exercise the rights granted to another power; Legislative power is supreme but not absolute. Other arguments (explanations) may be given. 2) a piece of text, for example: - « … different authorities could mutually restrain each other”; - “If the executive power does not have the right to stop the actions of the legislative assembly, then the latter will become despotic ...”; - "the legislature should not have the right to stop the actions of the executive." |
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In a correct answer, the following arguments can be given in support of this point of view: 1) in a small group it is easier to achieve love and respect; 2) interpersonal relationships arise only in a small group. Arguments in rebuttal: 1) public people: politicians continue to feel like people and communicate with a huge number of people (the president with the whole nation); 2) the opportunities for self-realization of their capabilities in large groups are much higher. Other arguments may also be given. | The correct answer must contain the following elements. 1) the expressiveness of the student's position:agreement or disagreement with the opinion expressed. 2) two arguments (explanations) For example: In case of consent, it may be indicated: There is no need to limit the executive power, since the boundaries of its action in its own nature are to fulfill what is accepted by the legislative power: it is accepted - to fulfill, not accepted - they will not fulfill; The subject of the activity of the executive power are issues that require a quick solution, so its restriction by the legislature can negatively affect the entire life of society. In case of disagreement, it may be indicated: The lack of control over the executive branch by the legislative branch can lead to lawlessness, arbitrariness, authoritarianism, since the system of checks and balances is violated and the executive branch receives special rights in the system of state power; The legislature should have the right to stop the actions of the executive, since mechanisms and ways of implementing the decisions of the legislature are of great importance in society. Their ill-conceived execution can lead to negative consequences for the whole society. Other arguments may also be given. |
C1 - 2 points
C2 - 2 points
C3 - 2 points
C4 - 3 points
C5 - 2 points
C6 - 2 points
TOTAL - 39 points
