home Audience 12 Vaginal discharge in women: normal and a sign of disease. Normal discharge in women

Vaginal discharge in women: normal and a sign of disease. Normal discharge in women

The more a woman learns about her body, the calmer and more confident she feels in a variety of life situations. To avoid unnecessary worry and not make far-fetched diagnoses, let’s figure out what is normal and when to suspect something is wrong.

What is normal vaginal discharge?

During puberty (10-12 years), the glands of the cervical canal begin to secrete mucus, which mixes with dead epithelial cells and microorganisms living in the vagina (lactobacillus, Doderlein bacilli, streptococci, fungi, mycoplasma, ureplasma, etc.). By moisturizing the mucous membrane, these secretions prevent the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, protect against infections and promote self-cleaning of the vagina. The first discharge is usually scanty, colorless or whitish, does not smell of anything, or has a faint yellowish tint and a subtle sour odor (the result of the action of lactic acid bacteria).

As soon as the girl's pregnancy begins, the amount, color and consistency of vaginal discharge will change depending on the phase of the cycle. Let's look at the normal options using the example of a 28-day menstrual cycle.

The first phase of the menstrual cycle (1-12 days after the end of menstruation): the discharge is scanty, liquid or mucous. The consistency is mostly homogeneous, less often with an admixture of small lumps. Color - transparent, whitish or yellowish. The smell is sour or absent.

Ovulation (13-15 days after the end of menstruation, mid-cycle): discharge becomes abundant (up to 4 ml/day). The consistency is viscous mucus. Color - transparent, whitish, light beige.

The second phase of the menstrual cycle (15-16 days - the beginning of the next menstruation): there is less discharge than during the ovulation period. Their consistency resembles liquid cream or jelly. Color - whitish, yellowish, transparent. The appearance of brown spotting indicates the onset of menstruation.

Why does the discharge change?

The nature of discharge from the genital tract can change under the influence of hormonal factors, without being a symptom of any pathology. For example, the beginning of sexual activity or a change of partner becomes a hormonal stress for the female body. In the process of “getting used to” the new microflora, vaginal discharge becomes more abundant and changes color and consistency.

Women who are sexually active have noticed that the nature of the discharge changes during and after sexual intercourse. The increase in their number is associated with excitement and blood flow to the vessels of the vagina, as a result of which mucous drops are secreted directly by the walls of the vagina. This natural lubrication facilitates insertion of the penis into the vagina, making sexual intercourse natural and painless for both spouses.

Vaginal discharge may also change as a result of taking it. The drugs inhibit the onset of ovulation, therefore, while taking them, the amount of discharge decreases. A similar process occurs after childbirth, during breastfeeding.

In pregnant women, heavy discharge is caused by increased blood supply to the uterus and vagina. In later stages, this is also associated with the discharge of cervical mucus immediately before childbirth. If a woman notices the appearance of heavy liquid discharge, she should consult a doctor, as this may indicate that her water has broken.

After childbirth, normal discharge is lochia - a mixture of mucus, blood and dead tissue of the lining of the uterus, reminiscent of heavy periods with clots. Typically, lochia discharge occurs within 1-2 months after the birth of the child.

Signs of pathology

It is impossible to make a diagnosis on your own based on the nature of vaginal discharge. Moreover, without appropriate tests and clinical examination, a gynecologist will not be able to do this. But there are several simple signs that will signal a possible disease:

The appearance of discomfort, itching, burning in the vagina.

Foamy discharge that is yellow, white or greenish in color.

Copious discharge of white or yellowish cheesy lumps, causing irritation of the genitals.

Copious discharge with an unpleasant fishy odor, which intensifies during sexual arousal.

Yellow discharge, accompanied by difficulty urinating, pain in the lower abdomen.

Thick purulent discharge mixed with blood, with a strong unpleasant odor.

Bloody discharge that appears between periods.

Watch your body, study it, visit your gynecologist regularly, and pathological vaginal discharge will not bother you.

Maria Nitkina

Vaginal discharge is the result of the work of glands located in the vaginal mucosa. By the nature of the discharge, you can assess the condition of the female genital organs.

Normal vaginal discharge is not considered a disease, as it is necessary for the normal functioning of the reproductive system. In the vestibule of the vagina and near the cervix there are secretory glands that produce mucus necessary to moisturize the mucous membrane and form healthy microflora. Healthy discharge is formed in a small volume, it is transparent, odorless and not accompanied by pain or itching. When the type of discharge changes, this indicates the presence of a pathological process in the female genital organs.

Types of discharge

Depending on the amount of mucus produced, discharge is divided into scanty, abundant and normal.

Scanty is a discharge that is not enough for the normal functioning of the vagina and external genitalia. The mucous membranes begin to dry out and crack. During sexual intercourse, friction and pain are felt. Scanty discharge is the result of hormonal changes due to age, endocrine disease, or taking hormonal medications.

Heavy discharge is a discharge that leads to a constant feeling of moisture in the vagina. They are noticeable on underwear. Heavy discharge can be diagnosed in young women during ovulation in the middle of the menstrual cycle; it is transparent and does not have an unpleasant odor. During pregnancy, especially before childbirth, the discharge also becomes more abundant. These are healthy discharges and should not be feared. If the consistency, volume, color or smell of the discharge changes, this indicates the beginning of a pathological process.

Discharge that sufficiently moisturizes the vagina and does not cause discomfort is considered natural. If there is normal discharge, additional moistening of the vagina before sexual intercourse is not required.

The consistency of the discharge varies from watery, mucous, curdled and foamy.

Liquid discharge - watery and mucous - odorless and colorless is considered normal. Watery discharge occurs in the middle of the cycle during ovulation; mucous discharge appears during sexual intercourse and serves as a lubricant.
Thick, cheesy discharge indicates the presence of a fungal infection. Doctors usually diagnose candidiasis. The discharge resembles liquid cottage cheese, it is not uniform in consistency.
Foamy discharge indicates the presence of a bacterial infection. This is especially dangerous if they have an unpleasant odor or distinct color. Foamy discharge is a hallmark of trichomoniasis.

Based on the color of the discharge, there are clear (normal), white, bloody, yellow, green and brown.

Clear discharge is normal. They are usually invisible on underwear and on the body.
Thick white discharge indicates the presence of candidiasis (thrush). In a healthy state, white discharge may appear before childbirth.
Bloody and brown discharge is the most dangerous, as it signals the presence of blood in the vagina. Normally, they occur only during menstruation. When taking hormonal contraception, especially in the first months, the appearance of intermenstrual bleeding is acceptable; this is considered normal and indicates the body’s adaptation to artificial hormones. In other cases, spotting indicates the presence of a serious pathology or the onset of bleeding.
Yellow and green discharge indicates the presence of an infectious-inflammatory process.

Based on the smell, discharges are differentiated: odorless, sweetish, sour, and unpleasant.

The phrase “odorless discharge” is conditional, since all human discharge is characterized by some odor. In a healthy state, this smell is pleasant and subtle. It is individual for each person. Since a person feels it constantly, he eventually stops feeling it. If a woman does not smell the discharge, it can be stated that it is odorless discharge.
Discharge with a sweetish or sour odor most often indicates thrush. Candida fungi use sugar for nutrition, love it and live in an environment rich in sugar.
Foul-smelling discharge is caused by a bacterial infection. They often smell like stale fish. The characteristic fishy smell is produced by anaerobic bacteria. The stronger the smell, the stronger the infection.

Reasons for appearance

Intimate secretions serve as a kind of indicator of the health of the female sphere.

With natural discharge that does not cause discomfort, we can conclude that the organs of the female reproductive system are healthy. However, regular examinations by a gynecologist at the beginning of the cycle are still necessary. Many pathological processes occur without symptoms; only a gynecological examination and laboratory tests can show their presence.

Several factors can influence the appearance of discharge in a healthy woman. These are stress, climate change, taking hormonal drugs, taking strong medications, allergic reactions. Personal hygiene can also affect the nature of the discharge.

A woman should be concerned when the discharge changes in consistency, acquires a strange color or smell, or changes in intensity. Often such discharge is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, itching, pain in the perineum, irritation of the external genital organs, and discomfort when urinating.

There are some symptoms that can be used to preliminarily identify the disease. Of course, an accurate diagnosis is only possible with a doctor after examination and laboratory diagnostics, but the appearance of some can give a more or less accurate picture of the disease.

White curdled discharge with a sweet or sour odor indicates candidiasis. Other symptoms of candidiasis are:

burning, itching in the vagina and external genitalia;
swelling of the vagina after sexual intercourse;
pain when urinating and during sexual intercourse.

Excessive yellow or bloody discharge with an unpleasant odor may indicate bacterial vaginitis. This is an inflammation of the vagina caused by a violation of the microflora. This means that local immunity cannot restrain the growth of pathogenic bacteria; they attack vaginal cells, and the inflammatory process begins. Characteristic symptoms of bacterial vaginitis:

redness, itching and swelling of the genitals;
nagging pain in the lower abdomen;
painful intercourse;
slight increase in body temperature;
weakness and fatigue;
frequent urination.

Excessive foamy leucorrhoea with an unpleasant odor may indicate trichomoniasis. The causative agent of the disease is Trichomonas. The following symptoms are also observed:

irritation of the genitals and inner thighs;
erosion of the mucous membranes of the intimate area;
pain when urinating;
pain in the lower abdomen;
pain during sexual intercourse.

Homogeneous yellow-green discharge with an unpleasant odor may be a sign of gonorrhea. This is an acute infectious disease caused by gonococcus and sexually transmitted. Symptoms of gonorrhea are:

itching and pain in the urethra and vagina;
increased body temperature;
separation of pus from the vagina;
frequent painful urination;
enlarged and painful lymph nodes;
weakness;
nausea;
loss of appetite.

Serous-purulent discharge with blood often indicates the presence of a cyst in the uterus or its appendages. Symptoms of a cyst, in addition to bloody discharge, are:

Bright yellow and green discharge in copious amounts with a very unpleasant odor signal endometritis. This is an inflammation of the uterus caused by bacteria or injury. Symptoms of endometritis:

acute pain in the abdomen, in its lower part;
fever with chills;
increased heart rate;
painful urination;
weakness;
enlargement of the uterus caused by tissue inflammation;
heavy and painful periods;
infertility.

Brown discharge during delayed menstruation can indicate a pathological course of pregnancy, for example, an ectopic pregnancy. The likelihood of this pathology can be judged by the following symptoms:

absence of menstruation;
sharp or cramping pain in the lower abdomen, usually on the side;
toxicosis and other signs of pregnancy.

This is a very dangerous condition that requires immediate medical attention. Even if the pregnancy is intrauterine, but there is spotting, you should immediately consult a doctor, as this is a sign of a threat of miscarriage.

Which doctor should I contact if I have abnormal vaginal discharge?

If you have discharge of an unnatural color, smell or consistency, you should visit a gynecologist. The doctor will ask about symptoms, conduct a visual examination, take a swab from the vagina and make a diagnosis based on the test results. Analysis of vaginal discharge will show whether there is a bacterial, viral or fungal infection, and what the degree of infection is. After this, an ultrasound examination of the organs of the reproductive system is prescribed. An ultrasound will show the size of the organs of the female system, their position, the presence of neoplasms, for example, cysts or tumors, and will help to specify the diagnosis. In addition, the doctor prescribes a general blood test, cytological examination and/or colposcopy.

In case of a cyst or tumor, additional consultation with an oncologist will be required. If heavy discharge occurs due to stress, it is useful to consult a psychologist. If sexually transmitted diseases are detected, consultation with an immunologist will be required. For long-term illnesses, it is useful to consult an immunologist and assess your immune status. If there is heavy discharge due to allergies, it is recommended to consult an allergist. In children, unhealthy discharge is assessed by a pediatric gynecologist and pediatrician.

How to treat abnormal vaginal discharge

Treatment of problematic discharge should always be carried out with the participation of a doctor after a thorough diagnosis.

For bacterial infection and inflammation associated with it, antimicrobial drugs are prescribed. Antibiotics are prescribed orally and locally in the form of suppositories, creams, and ointments.

For fungal infections, antifungal drugs are prescribed. It is worth remembering that thrush is a local manifestation of extensive fungal damage to the body, and its treatment is not limited to suppositories and creams. The bulk of the fungus is located in the intestines, so it is worth treating the entire body as a whole, and not just the vagina.

For viral infections, antiviral drugs are prescribed. Viruses are dangerous organisms, and doctors have not yet learned how to effectively treat them. Increasing immunity plays a vital role here.

If tumors appear, they can be treated conservatively or removed. Here, the decisive role is played by the nature of the neoplasm - benign or malignant - and the speed of its development.

In case of intrauterine pregnancy with a threat of miscarriage, the patient is sent to the hospital, the condition of the uterus, placenta, and fetus is examined. In case of an ectopic pregnancy, immediate removal of the fertilized egg from the woman’s body is required.

In any case, when unhealthy discharge appears, very careful hygiene is required, since many pathological discharges corrode the skin of the genitals. Sometimes the doctor prescribes baths with medicinal solutions and douching.

There are many traditional methods for treating discharge. They sometimes help, but sometimes they can blur the clinical picture and complicate the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Among the folk methods, washing with herbal decoctions is considered safe and useful. Chamomile, calendula, St. John's wort relieve inflammation, increase local immunity and soothe irritated skin. Under no circumstances should foreign objects be inserted into the vagina, as some folk recipes advise. This can harm the microflora and injure the already irritated vaginal mucosa.

How to prevent abnormal vaginal discharge

The first rule for preventing painful discharge is regular hygiene. You need to wash yourself every time after visiting the toilet and in the evening before going to bed. Washing is carried out with clean warm water and special products for intimate hygiene. Regular soap can destroy natural microflora and promote the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Hot water kills beneficial lactobacilli, and cold water can worsen a viral infection.

Underwear should be changed daily. Linen should allow air to pass through and absorb moisture, so it is recommended to use linen made from natural fabrics - cotton, linen. Synthetic underwear cannot be worn constantly. Tight underwear and thongs contribute to irritation of the genital skin and reduce local immunity. Gynecologists do not recommend using panty liners, as they interfere with air exchange. It's better to change your underwear more often.

Nutrition also influences the nature of discharge. Consuming large quantities of sweet foods increases blood sugar and promotes the rapid proliferation of Candida fungi.

With the onset of puberty, biological processes occur in a woman’s body related to preparation for the possible conception and bearing of a child. At the same time, the uterus and its appendages are reliably protected from infection by special mucus produced in the cervix. Naturally, some of the mucus is released. Physiological discharge does not cause discomfort to a woman. All that is required is compliance with hygiene rules to avoid the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and the occurrence of inflammatory processes.

Content:

Composition and causes of physiological secretions

At the age of 9-12 years (beginning of puberty) and up to 50-52 years (end of menopause), women normally experience clear or white mucous discharge between periods. Their presence is as natural as other physiological fluids in the body: tears, saliva, mucus in the nose.

Vaginal discharge includes:

Mucus produced by special glands in the cervix. It forms a plug that prevents infection from entering the internal genital organs. In addition, changing the consistency and environment of this mucus allows the body to regulate the process of sperm penetration into the fallopian tubes, where fertilization of the egg occurs. Within a few days after ovulation (the release of a mature egg from the protective shell), conception is possible. At this time, the protective plug liquefies, its environment becomes slightly alkaline, favorable for the viability of sperm. In other phases of the menstrual cycle, mucus has an acidic reaction, which is detrimental to them.
Beneficial lactobacilli, the waste product of which is lactic acid. In addition to them, there are so-called opportunistic microorganisms (candida fungi, gardnerella, streptococci). They are not dangerous until a favorable moment occurs for their development (for example, hypothermia, an unusual stressful situation, diseases of other organs or injuries, or the woman taking certain medications).
Dead cells of the epithelial membrane lining the genitals. They are constantly replaced by new cells.
Physiological fluids penetrating through the walls of organs (plasma, lymph).

The difference between normal discharge and pathological discharge

Normal discharge is directly related to the menstrual cycle or changes in physiological state. Their volume and consistency change. They are usually transparent or white. May have a pale tint (cream, yellowish). They have no odor, sometimes due to the presence of lactic acid it can be slightly sour. Such discharge is not associated with sensations of pain, burning or itching, and does not cause skin irritation.

Pathology is the appearance of green, bright yellow, black, brown colored discharge. Moreover, their type does not depend on the phase of the cycle. They often have a heterogeneous structure, and an unpleasant odor appears (fishy, sour milk, sweetish). Pathological discharge occurs in diseases of the genital organs (inflammatory or tumor processes).

Physiological mucous discharge appears in girls approximately 1 year before the onset of menstruation. At an earlier age, girls should not have any discharge from the genital tract. If they appear, this is a sign of a disease (for example, congenital damage by fungi, Trichomonas). You can also become infected through bedding. During the passage of a child through the birth canal, herpes infection is possible.

Sometimes inflammation occurs due to injury to the external genitalia or foreign objects entering them (for example, sand in a sandbox). The cause of the disease may be poor hygienic care of the child.

Pathology is also any type of discharge from the genital tract in postmenopause, when the reproductive system completely ceases to function. During this period, discharge (usually mixed with blood) occurs either due to damage to the vaginal mucosa as a result of thinning and dryness, or as a symptom of oncology.

Warning: If discharge appears in a little girl, it is imperative to consult a pediatric gynecologist, since in the future, an untreated disease will result in infertility and other complications. For older women, visiting a doctor in a timely manner and making a diagnosis can sometimes save lives.

Video: Discharge in women. Norm and pathology

Types of natural secretions

The nature of physiological discharge depends not only on the stage of the menstrual cycle, but also on the woman’s age, hormonal changes, and the presence or absence of sexual activity.

Discharge associated with the menstrual cycle

Immediately after menstruation, the so-called dry period begins, when the volume of discharge is minimal. By the time of ovulation (in the middle of the cycle), the amount of mucus, which resembles raw egg white in appearance, increases and can reach up to 4 ml per day. By this sign, a woman learns about the onset of ovulation. After 2-3 days, the volume of discharge decreases.

Immediately before menstruation, the discharge becomes similar to rice water, the intensity increases slightly.

Video: Normal discharge during the menstrual cycle

Occurring after the onset of sexual activity or change of sexual partner

In the genital tract of a woman, the microbiological composition changes due to the ingress of bacteria that are part of the natural microflora of the genitals of the sexual partner. During the period of adaptation to these changes, the amount of discharge increases, its color and consistency change. In this case, the woman does not experience any discomfort.

After sexual intercourse, if a condom is not used, the discharge may be jelly-like with clots. They are colorless or slightly white with a yellow tint. After a few more hours, the intensity of the discharge increases, it becomes more liquid and white. If sexual intercourse was protected, then scanty white discharge appears after it.

During pregnancy

Due to changes in hormonal levels, the blood supply to the genital organs increases, while more plasma enters the mucus through the walls of the vagina, so it thins out, and the intensity of discharge increases. A harbinger of an early birth is an even greater increase in its volume due to the increased work of the glands that produce mucus to lubricate the birth canal.

Warning: In the second half of pregnancy, the appearance of very thin and copious discharge, especially mixed with blood, may indicate the onset of premature labor. Immediate consultation with a doctor is required. In a normal pregnancy, an increase in the volume of discharge in the last weeks may be associated with the discharge of amniotic fluid. Such changes cannot be ignored.

After an abortion

The nature of the discharge depends on the method of artificial termination of pregnancy, on its duration, as well as the characteristics of the body.

After a surgical abortion (curettage), bloody discharge with clots is observed for several days. They are normal and are associated with damage to small blood vessels. Then they darken and stop. Regular discharge takes its place.

Medical abortion is performed using hormonal drugs. In this case, bleeding occurs in the uterus, and the fertilized egg is detached. After 2 days, the woman’s condition returns to normal.

Vacuum abortion is the least traumatic, the discharge after it is insignificant, and its normal character is quickly restored.

Video: Restoring the menstrual cycle after an abortion

After childbirth

At this time, lochia appears - physiological secretions consisting of blood clots, exfoliated uterine epithelium and cervical mucus. They can exist for about 6-8 weeks, then their intensity gradually weakens and they become lighter. In the first days, lochia looks like menstruation, then the blood impurities disappear, the color becomes yellowish-white. The consistency of the mucus is similar to egg white.

Subsequently, if a woman is breastfeeding, then in the absence of her menstruation, minor discharge is observed until the feeding period ends. Then they become ordinary, regularly changing in character.

During premenopause, during use and after discontinuation of hormonal contraception

Due to a decrease in the level of estrogen in the body, the production of mucus in the cervical canal decreases, and the epithelial layer becomes thinner. Vaginal dryness increases. Reducing the volume of secretions increases the risk of inflammatory diseases.

Hormonal contraception suppresses ovulation. In this case, the discharge becomes insignificant. If a woman stops taking birth control pills, the discharge pattern is restored.

Normal discharge from the genital tract is a sign by which a woman’s reproductive health is assessed. An attempt to get rid of them by douching or using inappropriate hygiene products can lead to changes in the composition of the microflora and cause inflammatory diseases or allergies. A change in the nature of the discharge, even in the absence of accompanying negative symptoms, should alert a woman, as it may be a manifestation of hidden diseases.

Vaginal discharge normally does not cause any discomfort to a woman. However, many people try to get rid of any vaginal discharge completely, considering it a sign of illness or uncleanness, not realizing that the discharge is as normal as saliva in the mouth.

Discharge is a kind of signal for a woman. If they suddenly change their color and smell, this is a sign of a possible disease.

Vaginal discharge: description, meaning and characteristics

Vaginal discharge is completely normal and does not indicate any pathology or disease. The vagina itself is lined from the inside with a mucous layer with many glands that secrete mucus. If you know what discharge is considered normal, you can suspect an inflammatory process in time and consult a doctor.

Like the intestines, the vagina has its own microflora. It is home to various bacteria and fungi that maintain the condition of the mucous membrane and protect the walls of the vagina and uterus from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms.Trying to get rid of discharge completely is not only pointless, but also dangerous. The absence of any mucus indicates that the mucous membrane does not have a protective layer, which means the path for infection is open.

Discharge is the process of cleansing and protecting a woman’s genital organs.

Normally, a woman, starting from the arrival of her first menstruation, regularly secretes mucus from the vagina, maintaining the microflora of the genital organs. The amount of mucus may increase during ovulation or before menstruation. There should be no vaginal discharge before your period begins. Regular secretion of mucus before puberty indicates pathological processes in the body, inflammation, etc.

The composition of vaginal discharge is determined by cells and various microorganisms. Normally, they may contain coccal bacteria, viruses, and fungi, but if they actively multiply, they will cause an inflammatory process.

Highlights include:

Slime from . In the area of the cervix there are glands that secrete mucus that protects the uterus from infection.
Epithelial cells from the uterus. Epithelial cells are constantly renewed, and old ones descend into the vaginal cavity and come out.
Various microorganisms. The vaginal flora is represented by various lactic acid bacteria, coccal bacteria, Dederlein bacilli, and also in small quantities. Conditionally pathogenic bacteria can also be contained in secretions, however, with the onset of the inflammatory process, their number increases, which leads to various.

Color: normal and possible diseases

Gynecologists say that normal discharge in a healthy woman is scanty, transparent and odorless. However, taking into account the physiological characteristics of the body, the color of the discharge can vary to yellow.

As soon as the inflammatory process begins in the vaginal cavity, the color of the discharge changes. This is a signal to see a doctor and undergo it. It is not recommended to diagnose yourself based solely on the color of vaginal discharge. The same symptom can be a manifestation of different ones.

What the color says:

Yellow. Yellow vaginal discharge does not always indicate pathology. If they are light and not abundant, then this is the norm. Even brighter yellow discharge is considered normal if it appears a day or two before menstruation. In this case, there is no reason to worry. Vaginal discharge of a pronounced yellow color is a sign of an inflammatory process if it has a strong unpleasant odor, sharply increases in quantity, which has not been observed before, and is also accompanied by irritation and redness of the genitals.
Green. In any case, the green color of the discharge is not normal. Even if other signs of inflammation have not yet appeared, this is already a signal that should not be ignored. As a rule, green discharge indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the vagina. The discharge turns green when the amount of it increases. Green discharge sometimes appears with vaginitis, inflammation, cervicitis (inflammation of the cervical canal).
White. White or milky discharge is considered normal if it appears in small quantities, does not have a distinct odor and is not accompanied by pain, stinging, or itching. Thick and profuse white discharge may contain pus. As a rule, they are also accompanied by an unpleasant odor.
Red. Red discharge contains blood. They are completely normal during menstruation and the day before it (scanty bleeding). Breakthrough and bleeding in the periods between menstruation can be a symptom of cervical cancer, miscarriage in early pregnancy, etc.

Smell and consistency: types, norm and pathology

In the absence of diseases, vaginal discharge has no odor. They are watery, not abundant, without inclusions, compactions, or clots. The consistency of the discharge may depend on the characteristics of the body. Even if the discharge has become somewhat thicker, this cannot be considered a pathology in the absence of other signs of inflammation.

A change in consistency is often indicated when other symptoms appear, for example, a change in color, the appearance of odor, blood, etc. The appearance of bloody, dense discharge with obvious clots and pain requires medical attention and consultation with a gynecologist.

In the case of odors, any unpleasant odor that was not there before is taken into account. It is advisable to visit a gynecologist if any odor appears, but sometimes the cause of this condition is insufficient adherence to personal hygiene rules.

You need to take into account the smell that appears if a woman washes herself daily and changes her linen and towels:

Sour smell. Most often, the sour smell of discharge occurs when fungi actively multiply (with candidiasis). This disease is popularly called thrush. Yeast fungi begin to actively multiply when immunity decreases, causing an unpleasant sour odor, foamy or thick cheesy discharge, itching and irritation of the genitals. This disease occurs in many women and cannot be completely cured. In the presence of provoking factors, thrush may appear again.
The smell of fish. A strong fishy odor in the discharge often indicates vaginosis. The balance of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, gray or greenish discharge appears with a strong unpleasant odor of stale fish.
Metallic smell. A metallic odor (smell, ) occurs with bloody discharge. If they appear in the middle of the cycle, accompanied by severe pain, this may be a sign of an inflammatory disease or cervical cancer.
Putrid smell. The smell of rot, as well as copious yellow discharge, can also be signs of cancerous tumors.

What to do if the discharge is bad

The first thing to do if suspicious discharge appears is to consult a doctor and undergo testing. The gynecologist will listen to complaints, conduct an examination and take. A smear analysis will help identify the infection and clarify the pathogen.

It is not recommended to diagnose yourself and begin treatment by attributing any discharge to thrush. Taking various antifungal drugs in the absence of candidiasis can only worsen the situation.

If it is not possible to see a doctor at the moment, you can use universal anti-inflammatory local remedies that will help relieve symptoms before seeing a doctor. Such drugs include Lactagel. This is a vaginal gel in the form of microtubes for one-time use. The drug helps restore normal vaginal microflora and enhance the growth of beneficial bacteria. However, this measure cannot be considered universal for any disease.

To cure the cause of unpleasant discharge, it is necessary to make a diagnosis and undergo comprehensive, comprehensive treatment.

After diagnosis, it is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations of the gynecologist. Many diseases can be recurrent, so interrupting the course of treatment at the first signs of improvement is not recommended.

No inflammatory or infectious diseases of the genital area should be treated at home with folk remedies. Only complete treatment and regular monitoring will help avoid such serious complications as cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, etc.

More information about vaginal discharge can be found in the video:

Most often, treatment for such conditions begins with drug therapy. The doctor prescribes antibacterial or antifungal drugs for oral use, as well as local suppositories, ointments, gels, and douches to eliminate the infection. Often, for a full recovery, it is important to undergo treatment together with a partner.

In some cases, physiotherapy, diagnostic and therapeutic curettage, as well as therapy to restore normal vaginal microflora are prescribed.

Any vaginal discharge during pregnancy causes concern in a woman for fear of harming the child and causing infection. Most often, spotting during pregnancy is frightening.

They may not be abundant or quite abundant. In any case, bleeding during pregnancy is a bad sign. You need to see a doctor immediately. Sometimes spotting is not serious, but it is better to be on the safe side.In addition to bloody discharge, a pregnant woman may have discharge with an unpleasant odor and a changed color, which indicates an inflammatory process and also requires immediate treatment.

Types of discharge:

White. During pregnancy, hormonal changes occur, which leads to an increase in the amount of discharge. This is completely normal if the discharge is clear, odorless and does not cause irritation, burning or redness. It is worth paying attention to the so-called mucus plug. This is a clot of mucus streaked with blood. It is formed in the area of the cervical canal and protects the uterus and baby from infection. The plug should come out before giving birth. If she comes out earlier, this indicates premature birth and the woman needs to be hospitalized.
Yellow discharge. If the discharge has a yellowish tint, this is not a pathology. Dark or rich yellow discharge with an unpleasant odor is a sign of an inflammatory process.
Brown. Brown discharge indicates the presence of coagulated blood in the discharge. Like scarlet blood, such discharge may not be normal during pregnancy. They can indicate both an ectopic pregnancy and a possible threat of miscarriage. In this case, pain may appear in the lower abdomen. If the gestation period is long enough, such discharge is attributed to the beginning of the birth process. They can appear simultaneously with contractions.

Any questions about discharge during pregnancy should be discussed with your doctor. The presence of an inflammatory process in the vagina is dangerous for.

Smirnova Olga (gynecologist, State Medical University, 2010)

Vaginal discharge in women is a consequence of certain processes in the body. Mucus from the cervical canal performs important functions of the reproductive system. And based on the state of the secreted fluid, a disorder can be diagnosed at an early stage of development.

What kind of discharge in women is considered normal?

There is no clear picture of what a healthy woman's discharge should be like. However, doctors claim that the norm of discharge in women has the following relative characteristics:

Volume. A few milliliters per day, but not more than 5 ml. You can determine it by looking at your panty liner, on which the stain should not exceed 1 or 1.5 cm in diameter.
Consistency. . Quite thick, but without lumps. Watery ones are allowed only during a certain period of the cycle, during pregnancy and with strong arousal.
Structure. Homogeneous without lumps, large clots or flakes. Minor compactions up to 4 mm are allowed.
Aroma. due to the environment of the vagina, but more often the odor is completely absent.

To assess your condition, you need to study what color the discharge should be:

transparent;
white;
beige;
yellow.

The importance of the secret and its composition

Many women try to get rid of any vaginal discharge, considering it unnatural and pathological. But cervical fluid or mucus plays an important role in the functioning of the reproductive system and maintaining women's health.

Normal vaginal secretion has the following composition:

Cellular and fluid components. The uterine mucosa is constantly renewed, old cells die off, join the vaginal fluid and come out. Plasma and lymph transudate may be present.
Cervical mucus. The cervix contains special glands that produce secretion, thereby protecting the reproductive system from penetration and further proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.
Bacteria and fungi of the vaginal flora. Sexual microflora contains not only beneficial lactobacilli, but also conditionally harmful microorganisms in small quantities. In a healthy girl, these pathogens die and come out along with vaginal secretions.
Leukocytes. Based on their content, the presence of an inflammatory process can be diagnosed. The norm limit is 10 pcs. in the smear, but minor deviations are allowed.

Female secretions have many functions:

self-cleaning of the vagina;
maintaining healthy microflora;
fight against harmful bacteria, rods, fungi;
natural hydration during sexual intercourse;
removal of dead cells;
protection of the fetus during pregnancy.

The most important purpose of vaginal secretion remains the early warning of a woman about unfavorable processes in the reproductive system.

What affects vaginal secretion

Ovulation. The fertile period is characterized by the release of a large amount of fluid, which easily stretches between the fingers, resembling snot or the white of a chicken egg. The mucus may be white, transparent, or beige in color. Sometimes an admixture of blood appears, which indicates a favorable moment of conception.

Second phase of the cycle. Vaginal secretion becomes much smaller, sometimes it disappears completely. The liquid has a creamy or jelly-like consistency.

A few days before menstruation, spotting is allowed, which signals the approach of monthly bleeding.

The nature of normal discharge in women (photo above) varies according to the time of the cycle, but this is not the rule for every case. Sometimes they continue to be produced in large quantities and remain liquid without discomfort, which indicates a hormonal surge or lack of progesterone.

Reasons for minor deviations

It is important to find out what discharge is considered normal from the vagina under certain conditions. The nature of secretion can be changed without the presence of diseases of the reproductive system:

Depending on the specific reason, the consistency, quantity and color of natural discharge in women changes, but not for long. You should consult a doctor if the vaginal fluid has an unpleasant odor or there are other symptoms such as itching, burning, or severe pain.

How to determine the disease

The most common cause of pathological discharge in women is a violation of the vaginal microbiocenosis. Changes in the normal functioning of the vaginal microflora are caused by non-compliance with genital hygiene or excessive douching with water or special solutions.

Problems with vaginal self-cleaning also arise against the background of:

use of antibiotics;
hormonal treatment;
taking oral contraceptives;
diabetes mellitus;
weakened immune system.

It is advisable to study the nature of discharge in girls in terms of color and smell, since these two signs will help you understand what is happening in the body and whether there is a reason to contact a gynecologist and undergo the necessary tests.

Transparent

Even colorless vaginal mucus may indicate certain disorders:
Inflammation of the endometrium or appendages. The amount of cervical fluid with an unpleasant odor increases against the background of endometritis and andexitis. In advanced cases, the mucus contains blood clots.

Dysbiosis. The disease is accompanied by redness of the external genitalia, abundant watery fluid from the vagina,.

White

The type of vaginal discharge in women plays a significant role in studying the current state of the reproductive system. Knowing the characteristics of normal vaginal secretions, you can promptly identify the disease at an early stage and, with the help of a doctor, select treatment.