home Audience 2 Treatment of aphthous (ulcerative) stomatitis in adults and children. Ulcerative stomatitis - what is it, how does it manifest, how to treat? Treatment of stomatitis in children

Treatment of aphthous (ulcerative) stomatitis in adults and children. Ulcerative stomatitis - what is it, how does it manifest, how to treat? Treatment of stomatitis in children

Having discovered ulcerative stomatitis in the mouth, many people panic, since the symptoms of the disease can really be terrifying. The gums turn pale and become covered with blisters, and then may even die if treated incorrectly or untimely. The oral cavity begins to look unsightly, and a putrid stench appears from the mouth. If the ulcers spread to the tongue, it becomes painful to chew and swallow food.

Causes

The source of the disease is bacteria of the Borellia vincentii and Bacillus fusiformis varieties. At the same time, they do not enter the body from the outside, but live within it, but in small quantities and provoke ulcerative stomatitis only when they begin to multiply intensively. The habitat of bacteria is the gingival grooves and periodontal canals, as well as areas of the mouth affected by caries. If the rules of oral hygiene are not followed, bacteria quickly spread from the affected micro-areas to healthy tissues, resulting in plaque, ulcers and, as a result, ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis. The impetus for the proliferation of bacteria can be not only a negligent attitude to hygiene, but also a decrease in immunity, as well as a number of other factors:

inadequate and monotonous diet;
avitaminosis;
constant nervous tension;
overwork and chronic fatigue syndrome;
beginning or ;
past acute viral diseases:
- herpes;
- ARVI;
- pneumonia.

Manifestation and symptoms

According to the primary symptoms, ulcerative stomatitis at the initial stage can be easily confused with other types of this disease, since the disease manifests itself with pain and a white-yellow coating, traditional for stomatitis. However, with an increase in the number of pathogenic bacteria, ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis manifests itself fully. Depending on the symptoms, there are 3 types of the disease:

Vincent's gingevitis. Painful sores appear on the gums.
Vincent's stomatitis. Ulcers appear on the tongue and oral mucosa.
Plauta-Vincent's angina. Aphthous-ulcerative formations appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat.

Diagnostic methods

Diseases can be identified at home.

You can try to determine the disease yourself at home, relying on your own feelings, but it is better to consult a doctor, since only correct diagnosis using bacterioscopic tests will help identify the disease at an early stage, select the necessary medications and quickly cure wounds on the tongue and mouth before how tissue necrosis begins.

Often, to determine the disease, a venous blood test is necessary, because Vincent’s ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis has similar symptoms to a number of other diseases - mercury poisoning, blood diseases, damage by heavy metals and even syphilis.

Treatment of ulcerative stomatitis in children and adults

Most often, acute ulcerative stomatitis is observed in adults with the following oral problems:

problematic teeth;
incorrectly placed dentures, braces;
fragments of teeth that injure the gum tissue from the side.

In such cases, the therapy is local in nature and gives the first results after just a few procedures. To begin with, the traumatic factor is removed from the mouth, then the ulcers are treated with antiseptic solutions and tampons with painkillers are applied. If therapy is ineffective due to the advanced state of the disease, quartz treatment of the oral cavity in the physiotherapy room and injections of a broad-spectrum antibiotic are prescribed:

"Erythromycin";
"Oletetrin."

Anesthesia

Relieving painful symptoms of stomatitis is an important aspect, since pain interferes with normal eating and causes discomfort around the clock. Erosive stomatitis is anesthetized with local applications in the initial stage and injections of anesthetic drugs in the advanced stage. Most often, drugs based on Lidocaine, Trimecaine or Pyromecaine are injected into the gums. The doctor may prescribe menthol-based lozenges with a “freezing” effect if the patient is allergic to anesthetics such as lidocaine.

Treatment

Ulcerative stomatitis most often occurs in adults.

Ulcers with stomatitis are treated in 2 doses. First, the oral cavity should be cleaned of dead tissue, then disinfected. It is better to do cleansing in a clinic, because the appropriate enzymes are only available in dental offices. It is better to treat ulcers there, because the gums and oral cavity must be rinsed with a directed stream of water, but this is problematic to do at home. If purulent blisters go down the throat, only a doctor can effectively treat them, and self-medication can lead to injury.

What can you do at home?

For adults, treating necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis at home is not difficult. Doctors recommend treating the abscess with healing ointments 2-3 times a day, for example, using. The wound is also treated with sea buckthorn oil or rosehip oil. You can treat ulcers on the tongue and gums by rinsing at home using commonly used antiseptics:

hydrogen peroxide;
potassium permanganate;
"Chlorhexidine";
herbal decoctions of chamomile, eucalyptus, oak bark, St. John's wort.

Treatment of stomatitis in children

Often, stomatitis wounds on the tongue in children appear due to a lack of vitamins, weak immunity, anemia and the infection that develops against this background. Sometimes one large ulcer appears on a child’s tongue, but there are cases when ulcers cover the entire oral cavity, causing discomfort and pain. The child refuses to eat and begins to act up. The doctor will provide first aid by removing dead tissue and cleaning the mouth with disinfectants. This is followed by treatment at home, including a set of drugs presented in the table:

Ulcerative stomatitis of the acute stage, accompanied by a rise in temperature to 38 degrees, requires an antibacterial course of treatment with Penicillin, Lincomycin, Amoxiclav, Ampiox. If the cause of the formation of ulcers was mechanical injuries from braces, they must be temporarily removed and the wounds treated by applying gauze swabs soaked in medicine, anesthetics and disinfecting solutions.

Sometimes the cause of a rash in the mouth in children is caries-affected or improperly grown baby teeth. In this case, the teeth must be removed, otherwise any therapy will be ineffective.

Ulcerative stomatitis in children– an inflammatory disease affecting the oral mucosa, accompanied by the appearance of ulcers. The disease has other names: Vincent's ulcerative-membranous and ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis.

Doctors have not identified the main reasons contributing to the occurrence of ulcerative stomatitis in children. It is recommended to stick to the most common ones:

weak immunity;
lack of vitamins;
problems with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT);
cancerous tumors;
anemia;
oral injuries (scratches, thermal burns, etc.);
heredity;
problems with nervous system disorders;
cardiovascular diseases;
metabolic disorders;
bacteria and microorganisms that contribute to the spread of infection;
hormonal imbalance;

Ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis in children can appear (to the least extent) from:

presence of dental diseases (caries, periodontal disease and others);
allergic reactions to medications (usually of penicillin origin);
allergies to certain types of foods;
poorly installed prostheses, braces;
dysbacteriosis;
stress;
hypothermia;
lack or insufficient hygiene;
unbalanced diet;
improper treatment (lack of treatment) for catarrhal disease.

Symptoms

Vincent's ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis has the main symptom - the presence of ulcers on the gums, inner lip and other areas of the mouth. Depending on the severity of the disease, signs of stomatitis can range from mild to severe.

Mild degree

mouth pain;
bleeding gums when the child eats;
high salivation;
swelling of the gums, when they are palpated, severe pain occurs.

Average degree

the edge of the gum has a wound covered with a necrotic crust;
severe bleeding from the mouth even when food is not consumed;
there is a fetid odor in the mouth, with a feeling of rotting;
discharge of pus from the periodontal canals;
enlarged lymph nodes (their increased mobility is observed, pain occurs when touched);
weakness;
lack of appetite;
moodiness;
temperature 38 degrees or more.

Complex degree

weakness;
sudden change in body temperature from 35 to 40 degrees;
the depth of the ulcers can reach the jaw bones;
nausea, vomiting;
stomach ache.

Treatment

Ulcerative stomatitis should be treated under the supervision of a doctor. If stomatitis has overtaken your child, contact a ENT specialist. The doctor will examine the child and prescribe adequate treatment. Usually prescribed combined treatment, depending on the severity of the disease and the age of the children.

Stages:

Anesthesia.
Softening of eroded tissues in the mouth.
Antimicrobial and antibacterial therapy.
Vitamin and strengthening therapy.

Anesthesia

anesthesin in glycerin () is much preferable due to its mild effect on the mucous membrane;
lidocaine hydrochloride (used as a last resort, as it has an irritating effect on wounds).

Removal of necrotic lesions

application of bandage and cotton swabs soaked in a solution of proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, chymopsin, chymotrypsin). The drugs have a softening effect on erosively affected tissues without affecting healthy ones;
cleansing inflamed areas in the mouth from ulcerative crusts using antimicrobial, antiseptic drugs (combined treatment with trichopolum (metronidazole) with chlorhexidine digluconate solution. You can remove the crusts with potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide.

General

antihistamines (suprastin, tavegil, fenistil and others);
broad-spectrum antibiotics are used during severe manifestations of the disease (Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Sumamed, Augmentin, Ampiox, Penicillin, macrolides - Clarithromycin, etc.);
vitamins (Revit, Kids, B12 and others);
treatment of caries;
removal of teeth located in erosively affected areas of the mouth (this should not be done during an active inflammatory process);
the use of ointments and keratoplasty preparations to accelerate healing (Solcoseryl, oil products based on vitamins A and E).

Interesting read:

Diet

Vincent's stomatitis in children should be treated not only with medicine, but also correctly balanced diet.

Prohibited Products

sour vegetables and fruits (tomatoes, apples, citrus fruits, plums, nectarines and others);
any berries. It is recommended to make compote from them, but if the berries are very sour, then this is not advisable. If you still decide to cook, then after cooking, you need to take a sieve and strain the compote so that, along with the liquid, particles of berries do not get into the children’s mouths and clog the ulcers;
spicy foods and spices;
sour drinks (lemonade, juices, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, pomegranate, cranberry, etc. fruit drinks);
exclude allergenic foods that cause stomatitis;
sauces of sour and salty origin, which should be replaced with cream, milk or sour cream;
pickled products;
dry foods (cookies, bread, gingerbread, soak in boiled water before eating);
bitter, sweet foods.

milk, fermented milk products (cottage cheese, sour cream, yogurt, Varenets, kefir);
berries and fruits with a gentle neutral taste (watermelon and melon help moisturize the oral mucosa and quench thirst;
vegetable juices (carrot, cabbage, bell pepper);
boiled or steamed meat, with minimal addition of salt;
vegetable and meat broths;
soft, processed cheese;
decoctions of herbs (rose hips, raspberries);
drinking plenty of regular boiled water;
porridge (semolina, rice, oatmeal);
ready-made baby food (vegetables, non-acidic fruits, meat puree, curds, yoghurts, pudding, etc.);
fresh whipped cream.

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Vincent's ulcerative-necrotizing stomatitis is an acute infectious disease that manifests itself in the mouth with characteristic lesions - ulcers. An ulcer is a more serious damage compared to ordinary erosion, because, unlike the latter, it damages not only the epithelium of the mucous membranes, but also the underlying tissue. If the disease is not addressed, ulcerative stomatitis can even cause bone damage.

The immediate cause of the disease is the symbiosis of fusobacterium and Vincent's spirochete. This stomatitis is named after the scientist who first discovered such a symbiosis in 1898. Normally, these bacteria are representatives of the normal microflora of the oral cavity. They live in gum pockets, teeth, and tonsils. Its pathogenic activity. These bacteria appear when the immune system is weakened.

Children and young people are most often affected. There is an opinion that the process is initially caused by other bacteria - streptococci, and fuso-spirillary symbiosis appears at the site of infection later. This issue is still being studied.

Since fusobacteria and spirochetes are obligatory inhabitants of the microflora of the oral cavity, the disease can be considered not contagious. Sometimes there may be outbreaks of the disease in children's groups, but such cases are most likely associated with unfavorable conditions in the places where children stay, which lead to a decrease in immunity.

It is noteworthy that ulcerative stomatitis does not occur in infants and in persons with complete absence of teeth. Most likely, the largest number of causative microorganisms live in teeth and periodontal pockets, therefore, in the absence of favorite places for the colonization of fusobacteria, the number of bacteria decreases and the likelihood of developing the disease is extremely low.

Very often, ulcerative stomatitis can appear during the eruption of a wisdom tooth, especially in the lower jaw.

Predisposing factors for the development of the disease:

All of the above factors lead to a weakening of the body's natural defenses. The main condition for the development of necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis is non-compliance with the rules of hygienic care of the oral cavity and teeth. If teeth are not cleaned sufficiently, there is an increased growth in the number of bacteria, which, at the first suitable opportunity, will cause an inflammatory process.

Most often the disease occurs in the autumn-winter period. At this time of year there is a high incidence of colds, which inevitably reduce the protective properties of the immune system. Ulcers can be localized on the mucous membranes of the cheeks, tongue, soft and hard palate. In parallel, the gums and tonsils may be involved. In case of damage to the gums, the disease is called ulcerative-necrotizing gingivitis, in case of damage to the tonsils - ulcerative-necrotic tonsillitis.

Clinical manifestations of ulcerative stomatitis

At the beginning of the disease, a crater-shaped ulcer appears. It is covered with dirty yellow necrotic masses. They are easily separated, revealing a slightly bleeding surface. The edges of the ulcer have uneven, ragged outlines and are red in color. The diameter is 2-4 cm, the bottom of the ulcer is not thickened.

The tissues around the ulcer are swollen and hyperemic, and smaller ulcers may appear on the periphery. The inflammatory process is based on necrosis, which in some cases affects submucosal tissue, muscle and bone. In this regard, ulcers that are located on the hard palate are the most dangerous, since the smallest volume of soft tissue is concentrated on the palate and there is a high probability of bone tissue being involved in the pathological process.

The patient experiences pain when eating and when opening the mouth. Over time, all discomfort disappears, only the smell remains. Regional lymph nodes enlarge and become painful. The temperature may remain around 38°C for the first 2-3 days.

After 2-3 weeks, the disease resolves. The acute stage of the disease lasts about two weeks, but with treatment it can be reduced to one week. The mucous membrane loses its bright red color, the ulcers begin to heal.

If left untreated, the recovery period is prolonged and the disease can become chronic. After the main ulcer has healed, a necrotic process along the gingival margin may remain for a long time.

Late diagnosis and treatment of periodontal tissue diseases can lead to tooth loss! Self-medication does not work! Contact PerioCenter specialists!

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How to distinguish Vincent's ulcerative stomatitis from other diseases

In cases where, in addition to stomatitis, Vincent's angina is observed, differential diagnosis with diphtheria is necessary. In severe cases, the doctor may send the patient for bacteriological examination. A bacterial culture of scrapings from the surface of the ulcer is carried out. If a diphtheria bacillus is detected in the culture, the patient is definitely hospitalized in the infectious diseases department, where diphtheria is treated.

Acute ulcerative stomatitis is very similar to erosive and ulcerative lesions in leukemia and agranulocytosis, therefore, before treating ulcerative stomatitis, it is necessary to take a general detailed blood test. If this disease is ulcerative-necrotizing stomatitis, there will be minor changes in the blood: an increase in ESR, slight leukocytosis with a shift towards younger forms.

In the case of blood diseases, there will be serious disturbances in the leukocyte formula: a significant increase in the number of leukocytes or their strong decrease, the appearance of pathological forms of blood cells.

Treatment of ulcerative stomatitis

How to treat ulcerative stomatitis? Treatment of a disease such as ulcerative stomatitis can be local or general.

Local treatment

Local treatment is aimed at eliminating visible symptoms. Treatment of the oral cavity begins with irrigation with antiseptic solutions and rinsing at home. The next stage of treatment involves the removal of necrotic plaque and tartar. Before removing plaque, areas of the mucous membrane with ulcers are anesthetized. Dead areas of the mucous membrane are removed with a cotton swab soaked in either an antibiotic solution or an enzyme solution. The bottom of the ulcer is exposed and conditions are created for access to the affected areas of oxygen.

Under the influence of oxygen, anaerobic microflora dies and healing accelerates. Before further treatment of necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis, it is imperative to remove tartar, since representatives of pathogenic organisms can also live in it.

After removing all necrotic masses, antibacterial gels or antibiotics can be applied. Literally 2-3 days after the start of local therapy and the patient follows all the doctor’s recommendations, the symptoms go away: severe pain and bad breath disappear.

In mild cases, epithelization begins on the third day; in more severe cases, on the fifth or sixth day. With the beginning of the healing period, you can begin to use keratoplasty - Solcoseryl jelly, oil solutions of vitamins A and E, and various oils.

General treatment

General treatment for ulcerative stomatitis depends on the severity. For mild symptoms of intoxication, correcting nutrition and drinking plenty of fluids is sufficient. You need a fortified drink; carrot and apple juices and berry jelly are perfect. Food should be soft and easy to digest.

Rolled oatmeal porridge has a suitable consistency. Among protein foods, preference should be given to fish and poultry. Spices and refined carbohydrates should be avoided. Vitamin complexes are prescribed internally. If the temperature rises above 38°C, it is necessary to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs orally - Paracetamol or Ibuprofen.

For a significant number of ulcers, antibacterial drugs are prescribed: Metronidazole or Tinidazole tablets, antibiotics. If there is a significant deterioration in the general condition, hospitalization with detoxification therapy is necessary.

In the acute stage, it is necessary to refrain from surgical interventions: tooth extraction, curettage, etc. It is advisable to carry out all manipulations related to dental treatment and removal of tartar after the temperature has dropped and catarrhal symptoms have subsided. While ulcerative stomatitis is pronounced, treatment is mainly aimed at neutralizing inflammatory changes.

What can you do at home?

In order to avoid the unpleasant phenomena caused by ulcerative stomatitis, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of hygienic oral care, treat all carious teeth and monitor a balanced diet. The food must contain all the necessary vitamins and microelements.

Vincent's ulcerative-necrotizing stomatitis can easily be confused with symptoms of serious blood diseases, diphtheria, so it is better not to try to treat the disease yourself. Before going to the doctor, the best thing you can do is to ensure that your body is getting enough fluids. You can rinse your mouth with antiseptic solutions. Antiseptics will prevent secondary infection of ulcers.

Contact the clinic "" - our specialists will correctly diagnose and carry out all the necessary treatment.

Late diagnosis and treatment of periodontal tissue diseases can lead to tooth loss! Self-medication does not work! Contact PerioCenter specialists!

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This pathology is known as Vincent's stomatitis, which manifests itself in the form of deep damage to the oral mucosa and is accompanied by persistent pain. To successfully treat a disease, you need to understand its nature and take into account provoking factors.

What is ulcerative stomatitis?

Ulcerative stomatitis in most cases is an independent inflammatory disease. It is characterized by the appearance of single or multiple painful and bleeding ulcers, covered with a gray-green coating, occurring against the background of severe inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane.

The inflammatory process, accompanied by deep destruction (necrosis) of the mucous membrane, is caused by spindle-shaped bacteria Bacillus fusiformis (fusiform bacillus) and Borellia vincentii (Vincent's spirochete). Therefore, the full name of the disease is defined as Vincent's ulcerative-necrotizing stomatitis.

The main features of this pathology:

the inflammatory process occurs as a result of fusospirillary infection - the interaction of two main infectious agents that are found in the oral cavity of healthy people: in the interdental spaces, in the crypts of the tonsils, carious cavities and dental canals;
the disease in most cases occurs against the background of reduced immunological reactivity of the body (local or general) and/or in the presence of unfavorable conditions in the oral cavity;
Young men from 17 to 30 years old are more likely to get sick, children and the elderly are less likely to get sick;
in children, this pathology develops only if they have teeth; the disease most often occurs in children from 6 months to 3 years, which is associated with instability and immaturity of the immune system;
clarification of the diagnosis is carried out with the obligatory taking of scrapings of the mucous membrane and detection of causative agents of the infectious process.

Causes of ulcerative stomatitis

In healthy people, the oral mucosa is reliably protected from the introduction and reproduction of fusiform rods and spirochetes. Microorganisms are anaerobic saprophytes of the oral cavity and part of its normal microflora. In most cases, they are located deep in the gum pockets, between the teeth, in the crypts of the tonsils, and in carious cavities.

Under normal conditions, these microorganisms are non-pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic, but under unfavorable or special conditions of the body, they can become active and cause the development of the disease.

The activity of the inflammatory process and the degree of damage to the oral cavity depends on the number and rate of reproduction of these pathogenic bacteria.

Necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis develops only in the presence of certain predisposing and provoking factors.

When the general reactivity of the body weakens:

severe or long-term somatic and infectious diseases;
diseases of the stomach and intestines;
intoxication;
poor diet, long-term vitamin deficiency and vitamin deficiencies, especially with a pronounced lack of vitamin C, B complex and P;
stress;
mental or physical fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome;
hypothermia.

In case of impaired reactivity of general or local immunity:

complicated course of catarrhal or herpetic stomatitis;
dysbacteriosis of the oral cavity;
smoking and alcohol abuse;
immaturity of the immune system in childhood.

If the integrity of the mucous membrane is damaged:

mechanical injuries during dental procedures, bruises, fractures of the jaw bones;
breakthrough of the epithelial barrier during periodontal disease;
difficult eruption of wisdom teeth;
trauma to the mucous membrane from the sharp edges of destroyed teeth or crowns;
incorrectly installed braces and fillings;
use of biologically incompatible materials in dental practice.

In case of insufficient or incorrect oral hygiene, which contributes to:

deposition of supra- and subgingival tartar;
lack of necessary sanitation of the oral cavity.

With neurotrophic changes in the mucosa:

strokes;
infringement of nerve trunks;
aneurysms;
thrombosis.

Also, ulcerative-necrotizing stomatitis can develop against the background of cancer, tuberculosis, syphilis, as well as in HIV-infected patients.

Most often, the development of pathology occurs in the presence of several factors: decreased immunity, hypothermia, poor sanitary conditions, poor nutrition, long-term chronic diseases in combination with a violation of the integrity of the epithelium (mechanical injuries) or trophic changes in the mucous membrane.

Natalya Stagurskaya, dentist:“Spindle-shaped rods and Vincent’s spirochetes, the causative agents of ulcerative stomatitis, are present in the oral cavity of even a healthy person. To avoid their active reproduction, it is necessary to monitor the general condition of the body. The state of the immune system deserves increased attention. During periods of its weakening (autumn-spring period), cases of ulcerative stomatitis are especially frequent. Preventive intake of vitamin complexes, as well as consumption of citrus fruits, cabbage and other seasonal vegetables and fruits, helps to replenish vitamin reserves and support the body.”

Diagnosis and symptoms

The disease is usually diagnosed in the autumn-spring period, which is associated with frequent respiratory infections, hypothermia, exacerbations of chronic diseases, hypovitaminosis and a decrease in the body’s immunological reactivity. There are acute and chronic stages of the disease.

Acute form of ulcerative necrotic stomatitis

The main symptoms of ulcerative stomatitis include the appearance of discomfort in the form of burning, redness and swelling in the gum area with the gradual spread of the inflammatory process to adjacent areas of the oral cavity. After 2 days, round, painful ulcers with a dirty gray coating appear on the affected areas.

As the infectious process progresses, the ulcers merge and the deep layers of the mucous membrane are affected, therefore this pathology in medicine is also called ulcerative membranous stomatitis. There is bad breath, foul-smelling saliva and bleeding gums.

Patients complain of persistent pain when eating, talking, opening the mouth, and even during rest, especially at night. There is severe weakness, drowsiness, an increase in temperature to subfebrile levels (37–37.6 ° C), enlargement and tenderness of regional lymph nodes.

Chronic ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis of Vincent

If treatment is delayed, ineffective or ignored, ulcerative stomatitis becomes chronic. In this case, sharp pain and general symptoms almost completely disappear.

Patients are concerned about constant discomfort in the oral cavity, persistent bleeding of the gums and bad breath. A visual examination reveals dead tissue in the spaces between the teeth, on the cheeks or in the area of the hard palate (locations of ulcers). If the duration of the disease exceeds 8 months, there is almost complete destruction of the gums and changes in the jaw bones or hard palate.

Clarification of the diagnosis of ulcerative stomatitis is based on a thorough external examination of the lesions and bacterioscopic examination with the detection of the causative agents of this pathology.

To exclude sarcoma and other oncological diseases of the oral cavity, cytological and pathohistological examination of ulcers is carried out.

Treatment of ulcerative stomatitis

Therapy for this pathology consists of completely eliminating the factors that provoke ulcerative stomatitis: treating extensive periodontal disease, carious cavities, grinding sharp tooth fragments, removing crowns, dentures, braces and sanitation of the oral cavity.

In adult patients, relief is observed after the first sanitation of the oral cavity.

First, treatment is carried out with painkillers. Then there is a gradual elimination of the infectious-inflammatory process and removal of dead tissue:

all mechanical irritants are identified and eliminated;
The oral cavity is cleansed of dead tissue using special enzymes (chymotrypsin, lysoamidase);
ulcerative defects and inflamed areas of the mucous membrane are treated with disinfectant solutions (the procedure is carried out daily by the attending physician until complete recovery and three times a day at home);
in severe cases of the disease, the oral cavity is treated with drugs based on metronidazole and/or antibiotics.

Additional treatment of ulcerative stomatitis in adults and children includes proper nutrition and the intake of vitamin and mineral complexes, immune system stimulants, adaptogens, sedatives and tonics.

How to prevent the disease?

Preventive measures for ulcerative stomatitis include:

proper oral care;
regular visits to the dentist, sanitization of foci of infection, removal of tartar, timely treatment of periodontal disease;
normalization of the immune and nervous systems, correction of metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalances.

In addition, various microtraumas of the oral mucosa or other mechanical damage must be avoided. An important role in the treatment and prevention of this pathology is taking measures to strengthen the local immunity of the oral cavity, taking vitamins and microelements, quitting smoking and alcohol, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Useful video: diagnosis and treatment of stomatitis in adults

What is ulcerative stomatitis? Ulcerative stomatitis is an acute disease of the oral cavity. Ulcerative stomatitis additionally causes other diseases: necrosis, ulcerative disintegration of the mucosa. Ulcerative stomatitis usually occurs in children who already have teeth. It affects not only the epithelium of the mouth, but also all layers of the mucous membrane. It is otherwise called ulcerative membrane stomatitis.

Study of stomatitis

Ulcerative stomatitis has not been fully studied. Many specialists classify it as one of the infectious diseases. The causative agent is fusospirillary symbiosis - fusiform bacillus and Vincent's spirochete. In 100% of cases of a healthy oral cavity they are detected. The norm happens to the smallest number of people. The disease occurs absolutely when pathogens prevail over other microbes. In most cases, such microbes are simply dormant; in a small number of people they wake up. The fusiform bacillus can manifest itself only when certain changes occur in the body. For example, during a weakening of the body’s resistance, a change in reactivity, or the trophism of the mucous membrane is disrupted.

Animal studies have shown that ulcerative stomatitis occurs when gums are injured. At the same time, the animals were on a diet and lacked vitamins.

In order to prevent the possibility of ulcerative stomatitis, all rules and standards of hygiene, both personal and environmental, must be observed. There must be proper nutrition, living conditions, as well as environmental factors. Frequent manifestations of the disease turned out to be during the war period.

Medicine knows that stomatitis often occurs in children with serious illnesses, such as flu, stomach or intestines. In addition, the possibility of stomatitis occurs when there is a disorder of the nervous system, during vitamin deficiency, especially a lack of vitamins P, C and complex B. Poisoning with chemicals or food, pellagra and scurvy are also causes.

Many authors who have studied stomatitis to one degree or another have concluded that hypovitaminosis C plays a large role in the development of ulcerative stomatitis. Mostly observed outbreaks during the spring thaw season. Usually this is May and April. It is during this period that children experience a lack of vitamin C, which is not replenished with regular foods.

Despite the different opinions about ulcerative stomatitis, in turn, one must draw a conclusion. The conclusion still remains that this is an independent disease, which is divided into different forms. Forms of stomatitis depending on the course of the disease:

Forms of stomatitis depending on severity:

Lightweight;
Heavy;
Average.

Well-known experts in the field of studying ulcerative stomatitis

B. P. Pashkov. In his book, he examines 2 sides of the coin: ulcerative stomatitis and gangrenous stomatitis. Then he combines them into one together with Vincent's sore throat.
I. G. Lukomsky. From his statements it is clear that he is a supporter of the idea that the nature of the occurrence of stomatitis is a lack of vitamins in the body.
S.I. Weiss. Author S.I. Weiss divides stomatitis into 2 parts: gangrenous and necrotic.

Symptoms

In most clinical cases, ulcerative stomatitis has the form of manifestation - ulcerative gingivitis. First, stomatitis will cover the gum around one or several teeth and then gradually spread along the entire edge of the gum. Ultimately, all areas of the gum are covered, leaving only small gaps. It happens that both jaws are affected by the disease. The manifestation does not occur in edentulous areas, such as gingival pockets or places where there are no gingival papillae.

In young children, stomatitis can begin in places where new teeth are about to appear. In teenagers, this happens in the area of the lower wisdom tooth. In such places, the mucous membrane usually creates a “hood”, which means they are easily susceptible to disease. Stomatitis can also occur in the area of manifestations of tartar and caries. As a result, it is not difficult to understand that the area of occurrence usually occurs in areas where the most favorable environment for the habitat and development of such diseases.

Many patients complain about itching, burning pain in the gums and also for dry mouth. In the initial period, the gums swell, swelling and redness are noted. Stomatitis is also accompanied by pain. Severe pain occurs during the chewing process, in other cases it is an aching and cutting pain. On the second or third day, the disease manifests itself in the form of a gray-white coating. Plaque is a structureless tissue that contains a huge number of microbes and non-living leukocytes. The gingival papillae should have, as it were, sections. On the inflamed mucous membrane there is a thick layer of necrotic decay. If you remove it, the mucous membrane will bleed.

The resulting inflammation can cover almost the entire oral cavity. This gums, tongue, cheeks and lips. They usually show teeth marks. In rare cases, the necrotic process can reach the periosteum of the bone. The ulcers are the color of gray mud. In this case, it is better to refrain from speaking with your interlocutors, since a very pungent disgusting smell will come from your mouth. The rotten odor from the oral cavity is obtained due to the breakdown of proteins caused by the spindle-shaped rod and Vincent's spirochete. As the protein breaks down, the tissue releases hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.

During illness lymph nodes may swell which cause pain when touched. In addition, profuse salivation begins, sometimes 2-3 liters per day. Due to bleeding from the tissues, the saliva takes on a pink tint. At the same time, the saliva is thick, viscous, and emits a stench. Any movement in the mouth causes severe pain.

Each person experiences this pain differently. Sometimes it is a slight body temperature, and sometimes it is 38 and above. In severe forms of the disease, a person often becomes depressed due to constant anxiety, loss of appetite and sleep.

Acute period lasts from 10 to 15 days. With good and high-quality treatment, it decreases significantly. Usually after 4-5 days. With proper treatment, the disease recedes and the process of restoration of the oral epithelium begins. Epithelization usually begins from the edges of the ulcers. In this case, it is imperative to continue treatment. It’s not worth retreating at the very beginning of improvements.

The main feature of stomatitis is the possibility of relapse or chronic form.

Complications

Complications are as follows:

Proper treatment leads to positive results. Of course, there will be incisors on the gums. The root of the tooth or its crown may even be exposed. For young children, the prognosis is not so favorable. Sometimes the illness can drag on for a long time.

Ulcerative stomatitis: treatment

In treatment, the main medicine is antibiotics. Drugs are used locally to heal oral wounds. In this case, drugs that have an antiseptic effect are used locally. Preparations:

Furacilin.
Potassium permanganate.
Hydrogen peroxide.
Chloramine, etc.

Irrigation with local preparations should occur under pressure. Moreover, if there is no special dental unit, you can use a regular syringe with a blunt needle. Small holes between teeth should be carefully treated. Further, the treatment process includes: removal of tartar and necrotic decay. All decay must be removed, but with great precision and accuracy. In case of acute manifestations, treatment is transferred to surgical hands. The surgeon must treat all affected areas. A similar treatment is carried out under anesthesia. Often it is enough to rinse your mouth with a 2% novocaine solution. Novocaine passes inside through the affected areas of the epithelium and has an analgesic effect.

Before you start taking an antibiotic, you need to check the microflora of the ulcer for sensitivity. Depending on sensitivity indications, one or another type of antibiotic is used.

After treatment is prescribed for 2 or 3 days The first results begin to appear. Firstly, the gums stop bleeding. Secondly, ulcerative lesions are cleared of decay. Thirdly, bad breath disappears. Fourthly, the pain is no longer so severe. On day 3 or 4, epithelial replacement begins. In severe forms it begins on the 5th day. In chronic cases, 6-8 days. Children who know how to rinse their mouths should rinse with lilocyme. This solution will allow the wounds to heal faster. Soda rinses will also have a good effect. Soda improves immunity and increases the release of leukocytes from the gums. After surgical treatment, hardening tissue is placed on the gum, which will also promote speedy healing.

For severe forms, doctors prescribe intramuscular injection of penicillin with novocaine 100 thousand units every 4 hours. In this case, treatment lasts 2-3 days. In the moderate form of the disease, it is enough to administer penicillin intramuscularly for 2-3 days. In this case, penicillin can be replaced by tetracycline and biomycin tablets.

Additional components are also necessary during treatment. It does not matter what form of the disease occurs.

Additional complex for treatment:

Taking vitamin C (0.3 grams 3 times a day). Course – 7 days.
Taking vitamin K (0.015 grams 3 times a day). Course – 3-4 days.
Taking vitamin B.

Pyramidon with analgin can serve as an anesthetic during treatment.

During the acute period of the disease, doctors recommend keep bed rest and proper nutrition is also necessary. Take more liquid foods high in calories.