Cardiac conduction disorders (AV block). Congenital or acquired atrioventricular block: degrees of disease development, treatment Transient AV block 1

Cardiologist

Higher education:

Cardiologist

Kuban State Medical University (KubSMU, KubSMA, KubGMI)

Level of education - Specialist

Additional education:

“Cardiology”, “Course on magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system”

Research Institute of Cardiology named after. A.L. Myasnikova

"Course on functional diagnostics"

NTsSSKh them. A. N. Bakuleva

"Course in Clinical Pharmacology"

Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education

"Emergency Cardiology"

Cantonal Hospital of Geneva, Geneva (Switzerland)

"Therapy course"

Russian State Medical Institute of Roszdrav

With transient 2nd degree AV block, the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles is partially disrupted. Atrioventricular block sometimes occurs without visible symptoms and may be accompanied by weakness, dizziness, angina, and in some cases loss of consciousness. The AV node is part of the conduction system of the heart, which ensures the sequential contraction of the atria and ventricles. When the AV node is damaged, the electrical impulse slows down or does not arrive at all and, as a result, a malfunction of the organ occurs.

Causes and extent of the disease

Second degree atrioventricular block can also be observed in healthy trained people. This condition develops during rest and goes away with physical activity. The most susceptible to this pathology are elderly people and people with organic heart disease:

• ischemic disease;
• myocardial infarction;
• heart disease;
• myocarditis;
• heart tumor.

Sometimes the disease develops due to an overdose of drugs; congenital pathology is less common. The cause of atrioventricular block can be surgical interventions: insertion of a catheter into the right side of the heart, valve replacement, organ plastic surgery. Diseases of the endocrine system and infectious diseases contribute to the development of 2nd degree blockade.

In medicine, atrioventricular blocks are divided into 3 degrees. The clinical picture at stage 1 of the disease does not have pronounced symptoms. In this case, the passage of impulses in the organ area slows down.

Stage 2 is characterized by slowing down and partial passage of sinus impulses; as a result, the ventricles do not receive a signal and are not excited. Depending on the degree of loss of impulses, there are several options for 2nd degree blockade:

1. Mobitz 1 is characterized by a gradual lengthening of the P-Q interval, where the ratio of P waves and QRS complexes is 3:2, 4:3, 5:4, 6:5, etc.
2. Another variant, Mobitz 2, is characterized by incomplete blockade with a constant P-Q interval. After one or two pulses, the conductivity of the system deteriorates, and the third signal no longer arrives.
3. Option 3 implies a high degree of blockade 3:1, 2:1. During diagnosis, every second pulse that does not pass through is lost on the electrocardiogram. This condition leads the patient to a slow heart rate and bradycardia.

AV block (grade 2) with further deterioration leads to complete blockage, when not a single impulse passes to the ventricles. This condition is typical for stage 3 of the disease.

Symptoms and treatment

Symptoms of the pathology develop against the background of a rare heartbeat and circulatory disorders. Due to insufficient blood flow to the brain, dizziness occurs and the patient may lose consciousness for a while. The patient feels rare powerful tremors in the chest, and the pulse slows down.

When assessing the patient’s condition, the specialist finds out whether he has had previous heart attacks, cardiovascular diseases, and a list of medications taken. The main research method is electrocardiography, which allows you to capture and graphically reproduce the work of the cardiac system. Daily Holter monitoring allows you to assess the patient’s condition at rest and during light physical activity.

Additional studies are carried out using echocardiography, multispiral computed cardiography and magnetic resonance imaging.

If AV block (grade 2) occurs for the first time, the patient is prescribed a course of drug therapy. All medications that slow down impulse conduction are discontinued. Drugs are prescribed that increase the heart rate and block the influence of the nervous system on the sinus node. These drugs include: Atropine, Isadrine, Glucagon and Prednisolone. In cases of chronic disease, Belloid and Corinfar are additionally prescribed. Teopek is recommended for pregnant women and people suffering from epilepsy. The dosage is prescribed by the doctor depending on the patient’s condition.

Long-term heart failure contributes to the accumulation of fluid in the body. To eliminate congestion, take the diuretics Furosemide and Hydrochlorothiazide.

A severe form of the disease with 2nd degree AV block of the Mobitz type 2 requires radical treatment. For this purpose, an operation is performed to install a pacemaker - a device that controls the rhythm and frequency of the heart. Indications for surgery:

• clinical picture of the patient’s condition with frequent fainting;
• AV block (degree 2) Mobitz type 2;
• Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attack;
• heart rate less than 40 beats per minute;
• heart failures with a frequency of more than 3 seconds.

Modern medicine uses the latest devices that work on demand: electrodes release pulses only when the heart rate begins to fall. The operation causes minimal damage and is performed under local anesthesia. After installing the stimulator, patients' pulse normalizes, pain disappears and their well-being improves. Patients must follow all doctor's instructions and visit a cardiologist. The operating life of the device is 7-10 years.

Forecast and prevention of the disease

In the chronic course of the pathology, serious complications are possible. Patients develop heart failure, kidney disease, arrhythmia and tachycardia, and there are cases of myocardial infarction. Poor blood supply to the brain leads to dizziness and fainting, and may impair intellectual activity. A Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attack becomes dangerous for a person, the symptoms of which are fever, pale skin, nausea and fainting. In such cases, the patient needs urgent help: cardiac massage, artificial respiration, calling intensive care. The attack can result in cardiac arrest and death.

Prevention of the disease consists of timely treatment of heart pathologies, hypertension, and control of blood sugar levels. It is necessary to avoid stress and overexertion.

In case of second degree AV block, the following is prohibited:

• engage in professional sports;
• be exposed to excessive physical exertion;
• smoke and drink alcohol;
• After installing a pacemaker, avoid electrical and electromagnetic fields, physiotherapeutic procedures and injuries to the chest area.

A routine electrocardiogram will help identify the disease in the early stages and carry out conservative treatment, which will contribute to the person’s full recovery and return to a normal lifestyle.

anonymously

Good afternoon Please tell me. I am very concerned about the condition of my heart. 6 years ago I was admitted to the hospital with an attack of severe palpitations, they examined me, found nothing except mitral valve prolapse, and diagnosed me with “self-tophoric autonomic dysfunction with the axioms of supraventricular tachycardia.” Further, the condition was not very good, frequent attacks and fear, I went to many doctors, they assured me that there were no problems with my heart, I should go to a psychotherapist. But first they prescribed anaprilin, then concor to relieve the attacks. I drank them for a very short time, later I switched to obzidan, it helped better. Gradually, I partially coped with my fears and attacks and drank a quarter of obsidan only if something arose, rarely, rather to calm myself down. Then, for many months, I didn’t drink anything at all, I coped with it, and if attacks occurred, I endured them and they passed. At this stage I am pregnant, 20 weeks. Due to pregnancy, I was sent for an ECG, I have a terrible fear of these studies, since I have developed a phobia, and accordingly, when I enter the office, my pulse jumps terribly. Having seen 120 on the ecg and having learned about prolapse, I was sent for a consultation to a maternity hospital for heart patients. Why was it necessary to collect all the research again? I did an echo, the result: left atrium: PZR (Plax) 32 mm (N up to 40 mm), volume (A4ChV) 38 ml (N up to 60 ml); left ventricle: not dilated Cdr 45 mm (N up to 56 mm) cdr 27 mm (N up to 38 mm) cdr 93 ml (N up to 155) cdr 28 ml (N up to 75 ml); contractility of the left ventricular myocardium: no zones of asynergy were detected. Ejection fraction 70% (N >55%); LV diastolic function: not impaired. Right atrium: not dilated, volume (A4ChV) 32 ml (N up to 60 ml). Right ventricle: not dilated. Interatrial septum: intact. Interventricular septum: correct movement TMZH 9 mm (N 6-11 mm), LVTS 7 mm (N 6-11 mm); mitral valve: the leaflets are thin, mobile, movement in antiphase. The anterior leaflet of the mitral valve will expand into the vulgarity of the left atrium to 4.8 mm. Mitral regurgitation: 1st -2nd degree. Aortic valve: The valves are not sealed. Aortic root diameter 31 mm ((N 21-36 mm) amplitude of aortic valve opening 19 mm (N 15-26 mm) regurgitation: not determined. PSV 107 cm/sec (85-170 cm/sec) PeakGD 4.3 mm hg Tricuspid valve: leaflets are not sealed, movement is in antiphase. Tricuspid regurgitation grade 1. Pulmonary artery: not dilated. There are no signs of pulmonary hypertension. Pericardial and pleural effusion: not visualized. Echo conclusion: the heart chambers are not dilated, the global contractility of the left ventricle myocardium is satisfactory, no zones of local contractility disturbances have been identified, the indicators of systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle are normal. Mitral valve prolapse grade 1. Mitral regurgitation of 1-2 degrees. Tricuspid rugugitation stage 1. Holter: the main rhythm is sinus tachycardia, the average heart rate per day is 102 per minute. Transient 1st degree AV block with a max PQ of 0.24" during daytime rest. Maximum heart rate 171 per minute during exercise. Minimum heart rate 69 during night rest. 1 single supraventricular extrasystole was recorded. 2 single polymorphic polytopic early ventricular extrasystoles were registered. Analysis of temporary ( Time Domain) analysis of heart rate variability: sdnn - 82, mc- below normal: sdnn1-31 - below normal: rmssd - 12 - below normal: pnn50% - 0 - below normal Circadian index 1.20 (normal 1.24-1.44) , which indicates a normal circadian heart rate profile. Maximum QT interval 0.40. No diagnostically significant shift of the st segment was registered. Pauses (loss of QRS) for more than 2 seconds. No. Doctor, what can you say based on what you read? Nobody really listened to me in the cardio-maternity hospital , in 3 minutes they looked at these papers, didn’t like the blockade and wrote to give birth to them. I’m very scared, because I only made myself believe that I don’t have a heart pathology. But then why a special maternity hospital? I also read that such a blockade is caused by VSD, passes and is purely functional. Is it so? Are doctors simply playing it safe? Just based on what I read, I didn’t have any causes or illnesses before the blockade developed. How dangerous is all this during childbirth? Thank you very much in advance.

I will say that you have a severe neurotic disorder. I can’t imagine how to treat it (you can’t get away with drugs here), but you will drive everyone crazy - that’s for sure. I don’t see any special cardiac problems, except for the mention of “paroxysms of supraventricular tachycardia.” Transient 1st degree AV block did not impress me, this happens very often. With this you can give birth even in a barn. A good way out of the situation now would be verbal psychotherapy. The only problem is that this is not a very cheap pleasure.

anonymously

Thank you very much. Very calming. I know about nervous disorders and psychotherapy, and I’m trying to work on it. It’s just very difficult to concentrate on treating neurosis if you are made to doubt your physical health. The cardiologist at the maternity hospital was just confused by the transient 1st degree autoblockade and she said that childbirth in the maternity hospital was indicated for me with a cardiotype. For me, this sounded like a death sentence after a 6-year struggle with neurosis and at least some confidence that such conditions really arise from my sick imagination and they are not dangerous. That is, if I understand correctly, this blockage came out, perhaps just once, on my halter and the doctor did not look into it and take responsibility since I was pregnant? It is very important for me to understand that this is not a real heart problem that has arisen that needs to be solved. As a layman in the field of medicine, I may not correctly interpret the words of doctors. After all, not everyone will delve into the peculiarities of my psyche and construct sentences in such a way that I would not consider it a serious illness. Perhaps if I had understood this, I would not have been so scared because of the increased pulse and would not have rushed to the hospital with such consequences for the nervous system. Sorry it's so confusing. Thank you again.

anonymously

What kind of certificate for pregnant women? In principle, I’m not working right now, if you meant sick leave. I was just very stressed by the conclusion of the maternity hospital. I was thinking of entering into a contract with a maternity hospital so that I could go with my husband, but that cardiac maternity hospital might close for cleaning just in time for my birth, and the second one, which will replace it, will close next. That is, I have either or for free, and neither one nor the other will enter into contact with me. And in others they simply don’t take you with such an entry in the exchange. That is, the only option is to go by ambulance and so be it. I was prescribed a repeat holter around 30 weeks. If this doesn’t come up there, they might still think again and set up a regular maternity hospital, or at least a maternity hospital at the hospital, and not just one, what do you think?

anonymously

Good afternoon I have already contacted you regarding transient 1st degree AV block. She told her story in detail and laid out all the studies: ECHO and holter at about 20 weeks of pregnancy. Now I’m almost 30 weeks pregnant and I had the Holter done again for a second consultation at the maternity hospital. Please comment. Very worried. Conclusion: During daily ECG monitoring, the main recorded rhythm was sinus, with a max heart rate of 145 per minute and a min heart rate of 92 per minute. The circadian index is reduced and amounts to 1.08. During the study period, a single ventricular extrasystole was recorded. No supraventricular rhythm disturbances were detected. No paroxysmal rhythm disturbances were recorded. Fluctuations in AV conduction were 0.16-0.19 sec. No diagnostically significant pauses were identified. According to the indicators of heart rate variability, a constant and pronounced predominance of sympathetic influences on the heart rhythm is noted throughout the entire observation period (SDNN 48 ms). The dynamics of the ST segment against the background of tachycardial syndrome has a natural character of an oblique ascending type. No reliable ischemic dynamics of the ST segment were recorded. Please see the previous Holter and Echo to compare. I couldn’t figure out whether there was an AV block on this holter, but the reduced circadian index really scared me. I read horror stories about this on the Internet. Tell me, how serious is this? Or is this a one-time indicator that doesn’t mean anything. I am worried that I had a holter done on the day when I generally felt very bad: I had an upset stomach, my intestines were full, nausea at night and very poor sleep. The night before the installation of the device, I was also emotionally overloaded and slept little. Could this affect these circadian index values? I’m already afraid to go to the maternity hospital, what they will tell me there. Sorry for the confusion. Thank you in advance.

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are now especially common among the population of different ages. Such diseases pose a serious threat to health and even life, and are provoked by a variety of factors, including congenital predisposition, unhealthy lifestyle, and the pathological influences of other diseases. One of the fairly common ailments of the cardiovascular system is considered to be atrioventricular block, which can vary in severity. In short, this condition is simply called AV block. We will consider the disease of 1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees in more detail, and also discuss its treatment and talk about how prevention is carried out.

About what kind of AV block there is (degree of condition)

AV block is a form of blockade of the conduction of natural electrical impulses through the atrioventricular node, located between the atria and ventricles. There are three degrees of this pathological condition, depending on whether the electrical impulse is conducted slowly, periodically, or completely blocked.

With first-degree AV block, each impulse from the atria reaches the ventricles, but its conduction is delayed literally for a split second - at the moment it passes through the atrioventricular node. This pathological condition does not make itself felt in any way. It occurs in well-trained athletes, as well as in adolescents and young adults who have high vagus nerve activity. In addition, 1st degree AV block can occur against the background of rheumatism, heart damage, sarcoidosis, etc.

2nd degree AV block is manifested by the fact that not every impulse reaches the ventricles from the atria. In this case, a rare and often irregular contraction of the heart is observed. Sometimes such a blockade transforms over time into a 3rd degree blockade.

With 3rd degree AV block, the conduction of natural impulses from the atria to the ventricles completely stops. The heart rate and rhythm of the heart are set by the atrioventricular node or directly by the ventricles. The lack of natural stimulation by the sinus node leads to the fact that ventricular contractions occur very rarely - less than forty times per minute. Thus, 3rd degree AV block is a dangerous arrhythmia that can negatively affect the pumping function of the heart. The patient experiences fainting, dizziness and heart failure. If the ventricles contract more than forty times per minute, the symptoms are less serious, but patients suffer from fatigue, hypotension (during elevation of the body), and shortness of breath.

About how AV block is corrected (treatment)

If a patient has 1st degree AV block, which is not accompanied by negative symptoms, only dynamic observation is indicated. If the disorder is caused by the consumption of medications, for example, cardiac glycosides, drugs against arrhythmia or beta blockers, it is important to adjust their dosage or completely stop them.

Second-degree AV block requires treatment of the disease, and third-degree disease is a reason for serious monitoring and long-term therapy.

If AV blockades are of cardiac origin (developed against the background of a heart attack, myocarditis, cardiosclerosis, etc.), the patient is prescribed therapy with beta-adrenergic stimulants, for example, isoprenaline or orciprenaline. Over time, a pacemaker is implanted.

First aid medications (if necessary to stop Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attacks) are isadrine or atropine. The first is administered sublingually, and the second - subcutaneously. To correct the phenomena of congestive heart failure, diuretics are used, as well as cardiac glycosides (only with caution) or vasodilators. For symptomatic treatment, medications such as teopeca, belloid and corinfar are usually used.

A radical method of treating AV blockade is the installation of a so-called pacemaker. This type of surgery helps restore normal rhythm and heart rate. The decision about surgical correction is made after consultation with a cardiac surgeon.

How to prevent AV block (prevention)

The main measure for preventing AV block is systematic observation by a cardiologist, especially in old age. Such observation involves, first of all, taking an ECG - an electrocardiogram, as well as monitoring the heart rate in case of any suspicion of any violations. Prevention of AV block also involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, giving up bad habits, as well as proper nutrition, rich in potassium and magnesium.

Additional Information

The prognosis for patients with AV block depends on the degree of the disorder, as well as the type of underlying disease. The most serious prognosis is typical for patients with 3rd degree AV block. Such patients are disabled and develop heart failure.

At the same time, early implantation of a special pacemaker makes it possible to increase the life expectancy of patients with this diagnosis by an order of magnitude, as well as significantly improve their quality of life. Also, timely implantation helps prevent the worsening of the degree of AV block.

Ekaterina, www.site

P.S. The text uses some forms characteristic of oral speech.

Atrioventricular (AV or AV) block of the 2nd degree with 2 to 1 (2:1) is considered a type of AV blockade of the 2nd degree. type Mobitz II, belongs to the category of high (hazardous to health and life) forms of the disease. With 2nd degree AV block of type 2:1, not all impulses from the sinus node are conducted to the ventricles (the ECG shows critical loss of QRS complexes - excitation of the ventricles - without a previous prolongation of the P - QRS interval).

2nd degree AV block 2:1 means that every second impulse does not reach the ventricles. On the electrocardiogram, the first sign of 1st degree 2:1 AV block is the excess of the number of P waves (indicating excitation of the sinus node) over the number of QRS complexes; every second excitation of the ventricles of the heart is lost. 2:1 AV block as a form of treatment involves the installation of an electrical pacemaker (pacemaker, or artificial cardiac pacemaker - IVR).

2nd degree AV block 2 to 1 is partial (complete atrioventricular block - 3rd degree), but is recognized as a dangerous disease characteristic of severe forms of damage to the conduction system of the heart. Partial AV block, stage 2. 2:1 is characterized by the development of bradycardia (decreased heart rate). On an ECG, the distances between the P waves (P-P interval) are the same, as is the QRS.

AV block clinic with 2 to 1: decreased heart rate (HR), pulse, weakness, shortness of breath and sometimes attacks of angina (chest pain) - especially during physical exertion. Also, the clinical picture is supplemented by dizziness, transient sensations of confusion, and fainting. The patient may experience interruptions in the functioning of the heart; against the background of progressive bradycardia, the pulse may drop to 40 beats per minute or less.

Treatment of 2nd degree AV blocks 2:1

Treatment of incomplete (partial) AV blocks of the 2nd stage. with carrying out 2 to 1 is carried out only by the method of pacemaker implantation. The operation takes about 40 minutes and is performed under local anesthesia. Currently, the installation of 2-chamber pacemakers is accepted as an effective treatment method (single-chamber models are used to treat only atrial fibrillation).

Incomplete 2nd degree AV block with 2:1 is not treated with medication, however, after implantation of an IVR, lifelong use of aspirin or an analogue (blood thinners) will be required to avoid the formation of blood clots (thrombi) and atherosclerotic deposits (plaques) at the sites where the electrodes pass ( thin wires leading from the pacemaker body to the chambers of the heart).

AV block with 2 to 1 conduction is diagnosed only on an ECG or during 24-hour Holter monitoring and is characterized by the preservation of correct sinus rhythm, loss of every second QRS complex (QRST), normal or prolonged P-QRS interval. An inconsistent sign of 2nd degree atrioventricular block 2:1 is the expansion and deformation of the ventricular complex (in the distal form of the disease).

Transient (transient) forms of 2nd degree AV blockade 2:1 require regular monitoring by a cardiologist and periodic ECG readings. 2 to 1 AV block is a serious disease, potentially dangerous to human health and life.

2:1 AV block for tachycardia

AV blockade 2 to 1 can lead to the development of both bradycardia and tachycardia (as well as a whole “bouquet” of other heart diseases, including heart failure, provoking myocardial infarction). With 2:1 AV block, ventricular and atrial tachycardia and atrial flutter occur.

Treatment of atrioventricular block (AV or AV) is carried out with medication (as a temporary measure before implantation of a pacemaker), by installing an artificial heart pacemaker (APM) or by influencing the underlying disease. Treatment of complete AF block (III degree) is possible only by installing a pacemaker. Treatment of grade 1 AV block, as a rule, is not required at all.

The following drugs are used to treat AV block: antibiotics (if conduction is impaired due to inflammatory processes in the heart), thrombolytics (to destroy blood clots), anticoagulants (to prevent the formation of blood clots), beta blockers. The latter are used after a heart attack to prevent its recurrence.

Treatment tactics for AV blockades are prescribed individually. Often the cause of AV blockades is the use of glycosides (drugs that increase strength but reduce heart rate), beta blockers (reduce sensitivity to adrenaline), and antiarrhythmic drugs. The strategy and tactics for treating AV blockades does not imply the use of folk remedies.

Treatment of 1st degree atrioventricular block

Treatment of 1st degree AV block, as a rule, is not required - only dynamic monitoring of the development of the disease is necessary. Treatment of 1st degree AV block can be reduced to preventive measures: the use of drugs based on potassium and magnesium, as well as saturating the diet with foods containing these microelements (for example, potassium is found in greens).

It is acceptable to treat 1st degree AV block with folk remedies aimed at the underlying disease or pathological conditions. For example, myocardial infarction is a development of coronary heart disease, which usually occurs as a consequence of atherosclerosis, which itself is a consequence of high cholesterol levels in the blood.

There are no special methods for preventing AV blocks. However, early implantation of a pacemaker is possible - this improves the patient’s prognosis for life and continued ability to work in the future.

Treatment of 2nd degree AV block

Treatment of stage 2 atrioventricular Mobitz type II usually involves the installation (implantation) of an electrical pacemaker (pacemaker). Drug treatment of 2nd degree AV block is not used independently and is performed while waiting for the installation of an artificial heart pacemaker. Before installing the pacemaker, atropine is usually used.

Treatment of 2nd degree AV block Mobitz type I is usually not required. Treatment of 2:1 2nd degree AV block (without every second pulse) may require a pacemaker, but if it is caused by medications (eg, beta blockers), adjusting the dose of the medications or stopping them completely is usually sufficient.

Treatment of 2nd degree atrioventricular block in cardiosclerosis, myocarditis, myocardial infarction involves a course of treatment with beta-adrenergic stimulants followed by implantation of a pacemaker. Treatment of 2nd degree AV block by installing a pacemaker is recognized as an extreme method of therapy and is prescribed for the following symptoms:

• presence in the anamnesis (medical history) of even a single attack of Morgagni-Adams-Stokes (cases of loss of consciousness with breathing difficulties and convulsions due to hypoxia - oxygen starvation - of the brain);
• decrease in ventricular contraction frequency below 40 beats per minute;
• periods of asystole (delay between contractions of the atrium and ventricle) more than 3 seconds.

How to treat 2nd degree AV block

Is it possible to cure 2nd degree AV block with folk remedies, medication or physical therapy? If AV block is caused by uncontrolled use of medications and medications, then it is treated by stopping the medications. Also, the blockade can be treated by affecting the underlying disease or pathological condition. But even in this case, it is possible to install a pacemaker (for preventive purposes).

There are no folk remedies for treating 2nd degree AV block, although, for example, belladonna extract can be used as symptomatic therapy for chronic AV block. Second-degree AV block, if it is a concomitant disease, can be treated by treating the underlying disease, which is usually myocardial infarction, inflammation of the heart muscle.

The consequences of a heart attack are treated with beta blockers, anticoagulants, and thrombolytics. Myocarditis (inflammation of the myocardium) - antibiotics. Beta blockers may be used to improve the conduction of electrical impulses and increase the force of heart contractions. In cases where second degree AV block is a concomitant disease (including congenital diseases), the patient may be prescribed atropine and beta-agonists; for coronary heart disease, myocarditis, angina pectoris, heart attack - intravenous isadrin.

2nd degree AV heart block, complicated by heart failure, is treated with intravenous glucagon; for congestive forms of the disease, treatment is supplemented with diuretics and vasodilators. If 2nd degree AV heart block occurs at the level of the atrioventricular node, it can be treated by taking atropine; if it passes below, the medicine will no longer help.

Treatment of 2nd degree AV block type Mobitz 2

Treatment of 2nd degree AV block of the Mobitz type 2 is always carried out by installing a pacemaker. Drug treatment is preparatory to the pacemaker implantation procedure. Installation of a pacemaker - in case of 2nd degree AV block, type Mobitz II - is not a cure for the patient, but it reliably stops the disease, allowing the patient to return to a full life.

Treatment of AV block 3rd degree

Treatment of complete 3rd degree AV block is possible only by implanting a pacemaker. There is no drug treatment for third degree AV block, although some drugs such as atropine are used while waiting for a pacemaker to be implanted.

Treatment of complete AV block, stage 3. impossible without the use of artificial cardiac stimulation, because a possible initial outcome of the disease is the death of the patient, in addition, the quality of life of patients is seriously reduced: attacks of dizziness, fainting, hypoxia are possible...