An atypical hyperreaction of the immune system to ordinary factors in the external world is called an allergy. When an allergen first enters the body, it forces the immune system to produce antibodies—protection against the enemy. Upon repeated contact, a “foreign” substance (antigen) meets antibodies. This is how an allergic reaction occurs, which is awakened by allergy mediators - histamine, serotonin. Allergens can come into contact with the body in various ways - contact with the skin, mucous membranes, or entry into the gastrointestinal tract.

The most common is respiratory allergies. That is, the antigen provokes an allergic response from the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

Features, causes and manifestations of respiratory allergies

Its specificity is that the mucous surface of the respiratory tract comes into contact with almost all groups of allergens (both food and contact allergens come into contact with the mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx). A special feature is the transience of the resulting reaction. The response develops within a few minutes or hours after contact with the provocateur.

Aeroallergens are microscopic particles of antigenic substances in the air that provoke such an immune response. They enter the body by inhaling air. The smallest concentrations of immune response agents in it can cause sensitization. Such substances can be encountered in completely different conditions - home, store, school, street, forest, sea and other places.

Aeroallergens:

• plant pollen;
• mold;
• and dust mite;
• bed bug;
• wool, skin particles;
• household chemicals;
• materials for construction;
• chemical substances.

The following factors provoke such a reaction:

• seasonal;
• household;
• chemical;
• infectious.

The peak of sensitization occurs in spring and summer. During this period, the air is maximally saturated with allergenic substances. But the nature of the pathology can be year-round.

Features of manifestations of respiratory allergies

Allergic disease	Inflammation of the mucous membranes	Peculiarities
	eye	occurs in 15% of the population, often combined with other allergies.
Bronchitis	lower respiratory tract (bronchi)	Preschoolers and primary schoolchildren are more susceptible; divided into types depending on clinical manifestations.
	trachea	rarely occurs independently, more often together with allergic rhinitis, laryngitis; is wavy in nature.
	larynx	children have acute or chronic
Tonsillitis (tonsillitis)	palatine tonsils	has a chronic course.
	throats	often has a chronic course; combined with tonsillitis.
	nose	the most common type (8-12% of the population); children are more susceptible; is largely seasonal.
Pneumonia (alveolitis)	lung tissue	occurs in 3–15% of the population; can occur in acute, subacute or chronic form.

Risk factors

There are many circumstances that contribute to the occurrence of a respiratory form of allergy. They can have both a complex effect on the body and act as a single cause.

Factors provoking specific immune reactions:

1. Hereditary. If one of your immediate relatives has an allergy, then the child will inherit this predisposition in 50% of cases.
2. Ecological – unfavorable environment. Every year the atmosphere becomes polluted, the air becomes saturated with allergens, and the human body weakens. Constant exposure to antigens, especially on a child’s body, increases the chances of becoming sensitized.
3. Harmful working conditions – constant contact with allergens.
4. A decrease in the protective functions of the immune system against the background of diseases: regular exacerbations of chronic diseases, acute infectious pathologies of the upper respiratory tract, ARVI. In moments of illness, the body is most vulnerable.
5. Incorrect behavior of parents - untimely introduction of a new product to the child, premature cessation of breastfeeding
6. Taking medications, in particular antibiotic therapy. Certain medications may not be suitable for each person individually.
7. Incorrect selection of cosmetics and household chemicals.
8. Immaturity of the body (applies exclusively to children). The immune system, which is not yet fully formed, may react incorrectly; as you grow older, the problem may disappear on its own.
9. Emotional stress.
10. Bad habits, especially smoking. A child's body can act as a passive smoker - this is an extremely dangerous role for a baby.

Symptoms

Many parents confuse respiratory allergies with colds. Indeed, the symptoms are very similar. The doctor must differentiate the disease.

With respiratory allergosis, there is a runny nose or cough, but there are no signs of general toxicosis. The child behaves actively, body temperature is within normal limits, and there is a good appetite. A distinctive feature of an allergic manifestation is the almost instantaneous development of symptoms after contact with the allergen and its rapid disappearance after the antigen is eliminated. For example, we came to visit and had a stuffy nose and a cough, but when we returned home the symptoms disappeared in a short period of time.

The signs that appear indicate that contact with the allergen occurred quite recently. It is necessary to analyze all the events that occurred before the onset of symptoms. This will help identify the allergen.

It's worth paying attention to the season. Pollen reactions occur in spring or summer, rarely in autumn. Colds appear regardless of the season. At this time, the mucous membranes of the eyes may also be affected. Sometimes this happens with colds, but if there is no deterioration in the general condition, then it is more likely that we are talking about allergies.

Comparative characteristics of colds and allergic diseases

Evaluation criterion	Allergy	Cold
First stage	It starts quickly. Nasal congestion quickly gives way to severe nasal discharge.	It starts gradually. Symptoms become more pronounced as the disease progresses.
Additional symptoms	Tingling in the nose, sneezing, coughing, watery eyes. Skin rashes that are very itchy are possible.	Increased body temperature, headache, aching joints, pain and redness in the throat, sometimes watery eyes
Recovery	Signs disappear after eliminating contact with the allergen.	Symptoms gradually disappear within a week.

An isolated immunological respiratory reaction is characterized by the following manifestations:

• nasal congestion;
• sneezing;
• runny nose and eyes;
• cough;
• irritation of the mucous membranes of the throat and nose;
• redness and swelling of mucous membranes;
• wheezing.

In most cases, it is not the entire respiratory system that reacts to the “enemy,” but a certain area of ​​it—the sinuses, nose, larynx, bronchi, and trachea. An allergic process occurs in a more sensitive area. Basically, there are several signs that indicate a specific type of disease.

Manifestations of respiratory allergosis

Allergic pathology	Most common reasons	Manifestations
Conjunctivitis	plant pollen; dust mite; dust; antibacterial, antiviral drops and ointments; animal hair; dry food; perfumery; cosmetics; household chemicals;	severe itching, burning; lacrimation; edema; redness. In severe cases: photophobia; blepharospasm; ptosis; Quincke's edema; anaphylactic shock.
Bronchitis	dust; wool, animal epidermis; pollen; fungal spores; household chemicals; cosmetics;	cough (dry transforms into wet); wheezing, whistling when inhaling; swelling of the bronchi; narrowing of the breathing space; nasal discharge; inflammation of the larynx and trachea. Complications: bronchial asthma.
		coughing; swelling of the throat; attacks of suffocation; shortness of breath; chest pain; bronchitis; chest spasms.
Laryngitis	industrial production; chemicals; traffic fumes; molds; Food; insect poisons; household chemicals	sore throat; cough; discomfort during swallowing; hoarseness; slight swelling of the neck and face; swelling of the larynx; noisy breathing; blueness around the lips and nose.
Rhinitis	plant pollen; Poplar fluff; fungal spores; particles of animal epidermis; dust; dust mites;	bouts of sneezing; itchy nose; nasal congestion; mouth breathing; watery nasal discharge; lacrimation; discomfort in the eye area; decreased sense of smell and taste; loose mucous membrane. Complications: otitis; sinusitis; polyps.
Pneumonia (alveolitis)	pollen; sawdust; wool dust; bird droppings; chemical substances; microorganisms of hay, compost, bark; dust components; medicines; fungal antigens;	heaviness, chest pain; cough with scanty discharge or productive; shortness of breath; weakness.
Tracheitis	medicines; house dust; latex; mold and fungal spores; Food; Poplar fluff; particles of bird feathers; flower pollen; epidermis and animal fur.	sore throat; hoarseness; paroxysmal cough; pain when swallowing; chest pain; shallow breathing; sticky sputum.

In children, symptoms are more pronounced, manifestations arise and spread much faster than in adults. Similar conditions can also occur in infants - these are deadly situations that require immediate medical attention.

Diagnostics

When the first symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor - therapist (pediatrician), allergist, or ENT specialist. Diagnostic measures may be prescribed to confirm the diagnosis.

Diagnostic methods

Study	results	Indications
General blood analysis	Number of basophils and eosinophils	Safe methods, since there is no direct contact with the allergen. It is advisable to determine total immunoglobulin in infants from six months of age. This will help you get reliable results.
Determination of total Ig E	Quantitative content of total Ig E
Detection of specific Ig E	Reaction to possible allergens
Nasal swab	Presence of eosinophils
Skin allergy tests	Response to applied allergens	It is not recommended for children under three years of age, as there is direct contact with the allergen. The effectiveness is low - the skin of babies is too sensitive and can give false positive responses. You should also not use the method if you have had anaphylactic shock.

Treatment

Based on the results obtained, the doctor prescribes treatment. First of all, it is necessary to avoid contact with the allergen. Next, complex treatment is required that will eliminate the symptoms:

• antihistamines: Tavegil, Cetrin, Edem, Loratadine, Fenistil (from the first month), Zodak (0+), Zyrtec (from 6 months);
• hormonal agents: Hydrocartisone, Prednisolone, Advantin, Sinaflan;
• enterosorbents: Smecta (0+), Polysorb (0+), white carbon, activated carbon, Lactofiltrum, Enterosgel (0+);
• eye medications: Cromohexal (from 4 years), Lecrolin, Opatanol;
• means to eliminate rhinosymptoms: Vibrocil (1+), Cromosol, Nazaval, Nasonex, Nazarel, Allergol, Aqualor, Merimer, Aquamaris (0+), Nazl baby (1+).

Drug treatment can be supplemented with traditional medicine recipes, but before using them it is necessary to obtain the approval of the attending physician.

You can use drops with aloe juice, they will help ease nasal breathing and strengthen the immune system. Infusions of chamomile and chamomile herbs will relieve inflammation; the decoction is recommended to be taken three times a day before meals. Burdock root and dandelion will remove all toxins and allergens from the body. Hyssop and licorice root will speed up the removal of phlegm.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy is used only if all causative sources are clearly established. It involves the introduction of an allergen with a gradual increase in dose in the following ways:

• subcutaneous injections;
• drops, tablets under the tongue;
• injection into the nasal cavity;
• inhalation.

A similar procedure is carried out within the walls of a hospital under the strict supervision of medical staff. It is prohibited for people who have suffered anaphylaxis. Children under five years of age and adults over 60 are not given such treatment, since the immune system is difficult to correct at this age. The danger of the technique lies in the unexpected reaction of the body. A negative response during treatment can lead to serious complications.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing respiratory allergies, it is necessary to reduce the number of possible allergens. To do this, the following rules must be observed:

1. Live a hypoallergenic life.
2. Regularly carry out wet cleaning of the premises.
3. Replace all powdered household chemicals with gel and paste.
4. Remove all kinds of dust collectors from the house - carpets, soft toys.
5. Replace all down (feather) pillows, mattresses, blankets with accessories with synthetic filling. It is important to choose a material so that it can be washed at a temperature of 50°C.
6. Avoid wearing fur items.
7. Constantly ventilate the room.
8. Use humidifiers and air purifiers.
9. Install an air conditioner or cover the windows with damp gauze folded in several layers. This will reduce the chance of pollen components entering the apartment.
10. Do not use fragrances.
11. Choose the right cosmetics.
12. When working in hazardous industries, wear protective masks and goggles.
13. Avoid contact with animals and birds.
14. Spend more time in favorable environmental conditions.
15. Minimize stress.
16. Eliminate bad habits, in particular smoking.
17. Minimize your exposure to the street during the period of rapid flowering.
18. Observe the work and rest schedule.
19. Treat emerging pathologies of the body in a timely manner.
20. Do not self-medicate.

Respiratory allergies are a common disease in adults and children. Negative reactions are caused by various types of irritants. For successful therapy, it is important to know which substance is dangerous for a particular patient.

A respiratory panel of allergens is a special set of volatile irritants, against the background of which signs of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hay fever, bronchial asthma, and urticaria most often appear. The result of testing using the immunoblotting method gives an accurate answer about the type and quantity of antibodies to a specific allergen.

Respiratory allergies: causes of development

Acute and moderate symptoms develop after inhalation of microparticles of substances that irritate the receptors of the mucous membranes. Antigens penetrate the respiratory tract and provoke a response from the immune system. The interaction of immunoglobulin E and the allergen releases a large volume of inflammatory mediators, symptoms appear on the mucous membranes, skin of the face and body, and in the eye area.

After contact with irritants, the body intensively produces immunoglobulins E and G. In most cases, an acute immediate reaction develops, and the IgE level increases noticeably. It is this factor that doctors use during immunoblotting testing.

The release of inflammatory mediators against the background of increased levels of immunoglobulin E provokes the main clinical signs of respiratory allergies from the respiratory system. With prolonged exposure to an irritating substance, another type of reaction develops - a delayed type. Allergic cough, sneezing, swelling, lacrimation appear, but rather weakly, the main symptoms are skin rashes ().

Main types of volatile allergens:

• mold spores;
• pet fur and skin particles;
• pollen of certain plants;
• dust: house and book dust.

Respiratory allergies appear throughout the year or during a certain season. Based on the nature of the negative symptoms and the time of appearance of the main signs of the disease, it is easier to establish that the patient suffers from, or. The seasonal and year-round form of the disease when inhaling volatile allergens causes noticeable discomfort to a person. The lack of therapy provokes the transition of the disease to a severe form, and in advanced cases it often develops.

Respiratory allergens:

• Derm mite. pteronyssinus;
• alder;
• mixture of herbs;
• plantain;
• sagebrush;
• Derm mite. farinae;
• hazel;
• birch;
• rye;
• rabbit;
• dog;
• guinea pig;
• horse;
• cat;
• golden hamster;
• cladosporium herbarum;
• alternaria alternata;
• penicillium notatum;
• aspergillus fumigatus.

How to prepare for a blood draw

Before testing for immunoglobulins, doctors recommend following the following rules:

• Before the study, the last meal was allowed 8 hours before the study. The maximum period is 14 hours (fasting longer than this period is prohibited);
• Only mineral water without gas is allowed;
• the doctor temporarily cancels 7-14 days before collecting venous blood to determine the level of immunoglobulin E;
• if the patient has not yet taken antiallergic drugs, then the start of therapy is postponed until the test results are clarified;
• It is prohibited to consume alcoholic beverages 24 hours before the study;
• Before testing, it is advisable to reduce nervous tension and avoid heavy physical activity. Before donating blood, doctors recommend sitting quietly for a quarter of an hour;
• physiotherapy, injections, therapeutic exercises are always carried out after taking material for research;
• To determine the level of immunoglobulins over time, doctors prescribe tests in the same laboratory. A prerequisite for a reliable result is the collection of venous blood at the same time.

Violation of recommendations blurs the picture of the disease and interferes with the accurate determination of indicators. False-positive or false-negative results require repeat, expensive tests and delay the appointment of antiallergic therapy.

Decoding the results

The RAST scale was developed to interpret the data. With a low level of sensitization of the body and no tendency to allergic reactions, immunoglobulin E levels do not exceed 0.35 kU/l. Deviation from the norm has certain values ​​for each level of allergization of the body.

If you are prone to an immune response to the action of volatile allergens, it is important to conduct testing in time to determine the irritant. Only when a dangerous substance is identified can adequate treatment be carried out. The immunoblotting method, comparison of analysis results with a respiratory panel of allergens - highly informative, safe studies to clarify the diagnosis in children and adults.

Allergy- this is a condition in which the body of a particular person reacts in a non-standard way, too actively to seemingly quite ordinary external factors that do not cause similar reactions in other people.

The mechanism of respiratory allergy, a dangerous disease, is complex, but in a simplified form it looks like this. A certain substance that is part of food, or in contact with the skin, or present in the inhaled air, for some unknown reason is considered by the body as a source of danger, encroaching on the genetic constancy of its internal environment.

Immune system, whose main task is precisely to protect the body from everything foreign, regards this substance as an antigen and reacts quite specifically - it produces antibodies. Antibodies remain in the blood.

After some time, the contact is repeated. And there are antibodies in the blood. Repeated encounters bring the antigen and antibody into contact with each other, and this contact causes an allergic reaction. The anonymous “some substance” we mentioned can provoke the development of respiratory allergies - a dangerous disease.

The allergen may be contained in the inhaled air and provoke allergic reactions from the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. This will be a respiratory allergen and, accordingly, a respiratory allergy.

The fundamental feature of respiratory allergy, a dangerous disease, is that the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract interact with almost all types of allergens, i.e., food allergens are in direct contact with the mucous membrane of the oropharynx, and contact allergens easily end up in the child’s mouth.

What is the result? The result is an obvious disease: allergic rhinitis, allergic sinusitis, etc.

Is this an allergy?

There are differences between respiratory allergies and commonplace acute respiratory infections and they cannot be confused with anything. With respiratory allergosis, a runny nose and (or) cough is detected, but at the same time:

The general condition is not significantly impaired;

Activity maintained;

Appetite preserved;

Normal temperature.

It is clear that all of the above may well occur with mild ARVI. So what to do? Run to the doctors at the slightest sniffle? Of course not! But it is necessary to think, analyze, and keep in mind. And to make thinking and analysis easier, let’s pay attention to some points that are fundamentally important in situations related to respiratory allergosis.

Upon contact with an allergen symptoms of respiratory tract damage appear very quickly. That is, literally a minute ago I was healthy, and suddenly there’s a stream of snot... And the temperature is normal and the child asks to eat... And if contact with the allergen has stopped, recovery is almost instantaneous. We went to a neighbor's birthday party. As soon as we entered, I started coughing and my nose was stuffy... We returned home, after five minutes everything went away.

Let me draw your attention once again: respiratory allergosis develops quickly. If suspicious symptoms appear, it means that contact with a possible allergen happened quite recently - minutes, hours ago. Therefore, you should always analyze, think, remember: what happened before? To sneezing, to coughing, to runny nose? What could have happened?

We visited a place where you rarely go: we went on a visit, to a store, a circus, a theater, a cafe, etc.;

Hygiene procedures and beauty care: soap, shampoo, cream, deodorants, perfume;

Cleaning the premises, repairs, construction, etc.: dust in a column, detergents, new wallpaper, linoleum;

Something smelled nearby and it didn’t necessarily have to stink: any aerosols, smoke, spices;

- “the bird cherry blossomed outside my window”: contacts with plants, especially during flowering periods, a bouquet in the house, a trip to the country, to the forest, to the field;

Something fundamentally new appeared in the house: new toys, new furniture, new carpet, new clothes;

Communication with animals - domestic, wild, shaggy, feathered: dogs, cats, birds, hamsters, mice, horses, rabbits, guinea pigs; contact with animal food, especially food for aquarium fish;

New washing powder and everything that is used in washing: bleaches, conditioners, rinse aids;

Ate unusual food;

We took medications.

Perhaps the most common respiratory allergen is plant pollen.

There are many potentially harmful plants. They are usually divided into three groups: weeds (ragweed, dandelion, quinoa, wormwood, etc.), cereals (rye, wheat, buckwheat, etc.), trees and shrubs (oak, birch, willow, alder, ash).

Respiratory allergosis

Nobody refers to the allergic inflammatory process in the respiratory tract with the term acute respiratory infections. Does not indicate when the allergic nature of the disease is known.

Once again in different words. The centuries-old experience of folk self-medication will not help here at all! Witch doctors and healers have no methods against allergies! Just a hundred years ago, no one even knew what it was!

The main, strategic and in most cases self-sufficient method of treating any acute allergic disease of the respiratory tract is to stop contact with the source of the allergy.

As simple as everything is at first glance, there are only two “little things” left: firstly, to find the source of the allergy and, secondly, to be able to get rid of it.

In the case of the girl Sveta, no medicine was needed: they went out into the yard and the runny nose immediately stopped.

Treatment

But there is also a real reason to start treatment.

So let's begin.

All methods of drug treatment for allergies can be divided into two areas:

Taking antiallergic drugs orally;

Local effects on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

The main antiallergic drugs for oral administration are antihistamines. Pharmacologists are constantly improving these medications and coming up with new ones that are more active and have fewer side effects.

It is not surprising that there are numerous classifications of antihistamines, in which they are divided into generations that differ in their pharmacological properties.

First generation antihistamines are well known to the vast majority of the adult population of our country, but their international names are even scary to pronounce - diphenhydramine, chloropyramine! But these are the famous Diphenhydramine and Suprastin!

Fundamental features First generation antihistamines:

Side sedative (hypnotic, sedative) effect on the nervous system;

The ability to cause dry mucous membranes;

Antiemetic effect;

The ability to enhance the properties of sedatives, antiemetics, analgesics and antipyretics;

The effect of application is very fast, but short-lived;

Decreased activity with long-term use;

Good solubility, so most of these drugs are available not only in oral forms, but also in injection solutions.

Second-generation antihistamines are characterized by the fact that they are practically devoid of the two main side effects of first-generation drugs - sedation and the ability to cause dry mucous membranes.

Features of second generation antihistamines:

Greater, in comparison with first-generation drugs, antihistamine activity;

The therapeutic effect is quick and long-lasting, so you can take it rarely (once, sometimes twice a day);

With prolonged use, the effectiveness of treatment does not decrease;

The main negative point is the side effect on the heart rhythm.

It doesn't happen often, but it does happen. The risk of this effect increases significantly if second-generation antihistamines are combined with antifungal antibiotics, macrolide antibiotics, or certain foods, such as grapefruit juice.

Antihistamines third generation drugs retain all the advantages of second generation drugs, but lack the main drawback - the effect on heart rhythm.

Concluding the topic of antiallergic drugs for oral administration, you should pay attention to two more important circumstances.

Firstly, in addition to antihistamines, there are also preventive drugs. A typical representative of such drugs is Ketotifen.

Respiratory allergosis is a combination of various pathologies through which the respiratory tract is damaged due to interaction with the source of the allergy. The disease can occur in a child or an adult. But, in most cases, it is observed in children 2-4 years of age. The use of treatment is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of this pathology.

Respiratory allergens have two types of appearance: through infection or without its penetration.

With any of them, the respiratory tract or a certain part is damaged:

• nasopharynx;
• larynx;
• trachea;
• bronchi.

If the allergy penetrates through infection, the activity of the respiratory organs undergoes some changes due to the penetration of bacteria, viruses or foreign elements.

But with a non-infectious nature of infection, the disease manifests itself as a result of certain reasons:

• symptoms appear due to the penetration of allergens, which include: plant or grass pollen, dust particles with elements contained in it, mites and pet hair;
• irritation occurs as a result of exposure to food allergens on the body;
• the development of allergic diseases is associated with the use of certain medications;
• Often, symptoms of respiratory damage appear due to close interaction with chemicals and cosmetics.

Depending on the presence of certain causes, a sick person requires immediate examination in a medical facility.

Based on the results, the necessary treatment is compiled only by a specialist in this field.

Respiratory allergosis in children can manifest itself through various forms, which have some features in eliminating the source of infection.

Their classification:

Often, the signs of respiratory allergosis are compared with acute respiratory viral infections. As a result, incorrect treatment is prescribed, which can cause serious complications.

Despite this, there are distinctive features, with the help of which two such concepts can be distinguished:

• if the baby has allergies, then his physical activity does not differ in any changes;
• the child’s appetite is good, no problems are observed;
• there is no high body temperature characteristic of ARVI;
• the periods of wakefulness and sleep are not disturbed, activity and mobility are the same as in healthy people.

An essential feature of respiratory tract diseases is the nature of their occurrence. That is why, when observing the first symptoms of respiratory damage, it is necessary to seek help from a specialist.

Basically, they appear some time after certain actions that can cause the development of the disease. But with ARVI, the state of health worsens after some time.

When respiratory allergosis is diagnosed in children, treatment occurs with the use of certain antihistamines, which must be prescribed by a doctor. A specialist can prescribe medications that are produced in the first, second or third generation.
Thus, drugs that have an antihistamine effect include:

1. Suprastin.
2. Gistalong.
3. Claritin.
4. Telfast.
5. Diazolin.

For young children, therapeutic measures are carried out using special drops. These include Zyrtec, Fenistil and Zodak. However, in case of serious complications, Suprastin is still used, and the dosage of the drug will be calculated taking into account the age of the baby. In addition, therapeutic actions aimed at accelerating recovery are suggested.

Such actions can be carried out through the use of vasoconstrictors:

1. Nazivin.
2. Otrivin.
3. Tizin.

They help relieve swelling of the nasal passages, prevent runny nose and mucus from the nose. In addition, they are aimed at normalizing the activity of the respiratory system, through which full breathing is possible. Therapeutic measures can be carried out in conjunction with the use of some other medications, the use of which is vital. However, such changes while taking medications should be discussed with a specialist.

You can eliminate the source of the allergy and remove it from the body with the help of certain medications: Enterosgel, Smecta and activated carbon. All of them have a beneficial effect on the cause of allergies and in a short time will help get rid of the pronounced signs of the disease. It is also possible to restore the intestinal microflora through the use of certain probiotics: Hilak-Forte, Lactusan and Duphalac. They are used in cases of similar problems in newborns. The recurrence of symptoms of respiratory allergosis can be eliminated through the use of physiotherapeutic procedures.

The positive effect can be observed:

• from baths;
• from speleotherapy;
• from inhalation.

For the child, you need to use therapeutic exercises, which will help restore well-being and strengthen the general condition of the body after getting rid of the signs of the disease. .

To successfully eliminate the causes of the disease, it is necessary to influence the irritant by eliminating the person from contact with the allergen. If it is not possible to carry out such actions, then treatment should be carried out aimed at restoring the immune system. However, the use of this method is possible only in individual cases on the recommendation of a specialist, otherwise it can provoke the development of more serious complications.

Publication date: 26-11-2019

Respiratory allergosis: symptoms of respiratory tract damage

Respiratory allergosis includes a set of diseases in which the respiratory tract is affected under the influence of allergens. It can manifest itself in both adulthood and childhood. However, most often lesions of this nature appear in 2–4 year old children. Treatment of each disease is symptomatic.

Causes of diseases

Respiratory allergosis affects the airways

Respiratory allergosis can have two types of origin: infectious and non-infectious. For each of the diseases, damage to the respiratory tract or part of it may occur:

nasopharynx;

If the lesion is infectious in nature, then the functioning of the respiratory system is disrupted by the penetration of viruses, bacteria or microorganisms of fungal origin.
In the non-infectious form, allergosis manifests itself for a number of reasons.

Symptoms of damage occur when aeroallergens penetrate. These include plant pollen, dust with the secretions of cockroaches and mites contained in it, as well as animal hair.

Irritation may occur when exposed to food allergens.

The occurrence of allergic diseases is influenced by the use of medications.

Often, symptoms of respiratory tract damage are observed upon contact with household chemicals and cosmetics.

Depending on the causes, the symptoms of the disease may vary. Therefore, treatment is prescribed only after a mandatory examination by a doctor.

Forms of allergosis and their symptoms

Headache in a child

Respiratory allergosis in children can be expressed in various forms. They differ in the localization of the reaction when exposed to a stimulus.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis often appear in childhood. When irritation occurs, a person experiences congestion in the nasal passages, slight mucous discharge from the nose, and conjunctivitis. In this case, the child develops an itchy nose, which causes sneezing. He may feel a headache and malaise. Allergic rhinitis often appears during the flowering period of plants, but can also occur year-round.

With allergic pharyngitis, extensive swelling of the mucous membrane of the oropharynx is observed. In some cases, inflammation spreads to the tongue area. In this case, children often experience a sensation of a foreign object in the throat, a lump that does not go away. Pharyngitis is characterized by a strong dry cough.

When allergic tracheitis occurs, hoarseness appears. A person may experience attacks of dry cough, especially at night. In this case, pain is felt in the chest area. Tracheitis can manifest itself over a long period of time, either exacerbating or reducing symptoms.

The most common disease is allergic obstructive bronchitis. In this case, damage is observed only in the lower respiratory tract. In some cases, the disease is associated with mild bronchial asthma.

With allergic laryngitis, swelling of the larynx occurs. The child develops a barking cough and hoarseness.

Often the symptoms of respiratory allergosis are confused with ARVI. Therefore, incorrect treatment is often prescribed, which does not lead to a positive result. However, there are some characteristic features that distinguish allergosis from a viral disease.

With allergy, the child is in a normal state.

The baby's appetite is not affected.

There is no rise in body temperature.

The child plays and stays awake as usual.

The main difference between the diseases is the nature of the manifestations. In case of allergic damage to the respiratory tract, the reaction is observed after a few minutes or hours. With ARVI, the condition may worsen gradually.

Treatment of diseases

Suprastin is an antihistamine

Since the disease is allergic in nature, treatment of children includes mandatory use of antihistamines. The doctor may prescribe first, second or third generation drugs. Among the drugs with antihistamine action are:

Suprastin;

Diazolin;

Claritin;

Gistalong;

In children, treatment is carried out in the form of drops. These include Zyrtec, Zodak, Fenistil. But for severe allergic reactions, Suprastin is often used, the dosage of which is calculated based on the age of the child.
Therapy is also mandatory with vasoconstrictor drugs. Among them are:

Activated carbon removes allergens

They relieve swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose, preventing the appearance of a runny nose and mucous discharge. They also help make breathing easier.
Treatment involves taking enterosorbents in combination with prebiotics. You can remove the allergen from the body with the help of Enterosgel, Smecta, Activated carbon. You can normalize the intestinal microflora with the help of prebiotics Hilak-Forte, Duphalac, Lactusan. They can be used from the first day of the baby's life.
You can cope with the manifestations of respiratory allergosis with the help of physiotherapeutic procedures. The effect is observed from:

inhalations;

speleotherapy.

The child is prescribed therapeutic exercises aimed at overall strengthening of the body. During such exercises breathing is trained.
It is important to immediately eliminate contact with the irritant to avoid increased signs of respiratory allergosis. If this is not possible, then immunotherapeutic treatment is performed. However, this method is not suitable for all children, as it can enhance the development of the reaction.