home Audience 2 Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs in women. Treatment of inflammatory processes of the female genital organs

Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs in women. Treatment of inflammatory processes of the female genital organs

Women's health is a rather fragile thing, requiring careful treatment and attentiveness. Even a tiny wind of change can bring big problems into life for the whole family. After all, nature entrusted a woman with the most valuable and precious thing she had - the ability to give birth to a new, pure person.

And, unfortunately, it so happens that inflammatory diseases take precedence among a number of other diseases. About 70% of girls turn to gynecologists precisely because of the inflammatory process. And how many are there who don’t even know about it.

And all this can lead to serious consequences in women’s health, including infertility.

Inflammatory diseases in gynecology speak for themselves - these are problems that arise in the female half of humanity. In medicine, their abbreviation is VPO (inflammatory diseases of the genital organs).

Recently, there have been significantly more of them than our ancestors had. And this despite the fact that in the new century women pay more attention to hygiene than before.

The Ministry of Health claims that the reason for this was too much migration of the population on different continents, confusion in the sex lives of young people, poor ecology and, as a result, too weak immunity.

Inflammatory diseases can occur due to the following factors:

Mechanical;
Thermal;
Chemical;
The most common causes are infections.

Nature took care of women’s health and created a biological barrier to stop the inflammatory process in gynecology.

The first barrier is the vaginal microflora. In a woman's vagina there is lactic acid, which has grown under the influence of lactic bacteria. It is she who prevents the development of such a problem as flora pathology, with the help of its acidic environment. And blood, during menstruation, washes away all foreign microorganisms into the vagina and thereby renews it again.

True, if a woman has an operation to remove the ovaries or has a period, the entire system is disrupted, which easily leads to pelvic inflammation in the future.

The second barrier is the cervix. If it is not damaged, it remains natural in its parameters. And the mucous membrane is in good condition and has a bactericidal effect, then the inflammatory process freezes and does not reunite with the internal genital organs. It is clear that if the clarity and lines of the cervix and its contents are disrupted, the percentage of penetration is much higher.

The female vaginal microflora is inhabited by many types of microorganisms, but they are not at all dangerous to her. Of course, if a woman has good health, but poor health can cause a number of inflammatory processes. Health can be affected by hypothermia, psychological factors and much more.

Where does “female-style” inflammation come from?

Causes of inflammation “female style”

Every woman, while still a little girl, heard more than once in childhood from adults: “Don’t sit on the cold.” Mom explained that now the girl would not feel anything, but later, in adulthood, she would regret it more than once. And this is one of the reasons why inflammatory processes often appear in adulthood.

Inflammation “female-style” can lead to adhesions in the fallopian tubes, and as a result, to infertility.

But in fact, inflammatory processes in the female genital area can occur for various reasons and there are a lot of them.

The routes of penetration of inflammatory pathogens are varied. These include:

As you can see, the reasons can be varied and provoked by external, internal factors and the factor of thought.

Classification of female inflammatory diseases

"Women's" diseases

Based on the duration of the disease, the following processes are understood:

Spicy. About three weeks;
Subacute. Up to 1.5 months;
Chronic. Which last for more than two months.

Inflammatory processes occur in:

External genitalia. For example, on the vulva;
Internal genital organs. These include problems in the uterus, diseases associated with the appendages, pelvis, vagina, etc.

There are also VPOs of the upper and lower parts of the gynecological organs. Conventionally, they are separated by the internal uterine os.

Based on the type of pathogen, VZPOs are divided into:

Specific. This includes diseases that are caused by pathogens such as staphylococcus, E. coli, streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
Nonspecific. Trichomonas, candida, virus, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, Klebsiella, Proteus, chlamydia and others cause disease here.

Now let's look at the most famous and common types of diseases.

Inflammatory process of the lower parts of the female body:

Inflammation in the upper parts of the female genital organs:

Infections through “pleasure”: inflammation due to sex

Separately, I would like to highlight inflammatory processes that are sexually transmitted. In the modern world, promiscuous sex can lead humanity not only to pleasure, but also to infectious diseases. In nature there are more than 50 species. Among them: AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and much more.

Anyone should seek help if they notice symptoms of possible diseases. This will help him avoid many consequences in the future.

Here are a few problems that may be of concern:

redness of the penis;
enlarged lymph nodes in the inguinal folds;
strange critical days;
wounds in the mouth, body, hands;
increase in body temperature and the like.

But most often, many diseases are not felt at all, so it is recommended to be examined by a doctor more often.

There are the following diseases in the world that can be transmitted through sex:

Prevention of inflammatory diseases in gynecology

Preventive measures to prevent inflammatory processes in the female reproductive system are as follows:

Personal hygiene, especially intimate;
Twice a year;
A healthy lifestyle in everything: nutrition, bed, daily routine, etc.;
Use of contraception;
Order in sexual relations.

Dear women, remember that no one can take better care of your health than you yourself. A healthy person is a happy person.

every woman needs at least twice a year. In a woman’s life, situations often arise when good advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist, an answer to a question, or a consultation are needed. But even if a woman has no complaints, it must be borne in mind that recently the asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted infections and gynecological tumors, has become very common. Even pathological vaginal discharge does not always occur with such diseases. Without tests, it is difficult to distinguish them from normal discharge. With the hidden course of female diseases, there is no abdominal pain, bleeding, menstrual irregularities and other symptoms. Therefore, every woman needs preventive gynecological examinations and basic tests (general blood test, urine test, smear for flora and cytology), the results of which allow us to identify the presence of hidden asymptomatic gynecological diseases and infections in the early stages. The number of preventive gynecological examinations depends on previous diseases and other factors.

When you need good advice from a doctor, you can come for a consultation with a gynecologist at our gynecological clinic, ask the doctor questions about your health, undergo an initial gynecological examination and, if necessary, further examination and treatment.

Consultation with a gynecologist for early diagnosis of pregnancy

A consultation with a gynecologist and a gynecological examination are also necessary for early diagnosis of pregnancy. The first signs of pregnancy are inaccurate and often mislead women. During pregnancy, menstrual-like vaginal discharge is possible, and pregnancy tests may be falsely negative. For an accurate early diagnosis of pregnancy, a consultation with a gynecologist, pelvic ultrasound and determination of the hCG level in a blood test are necessary.

A good gynecologist is, first of all, a good diagnostician. Diagnosis of gynecological diseases is based on experience and knowledge. During the initial gynecological examination, the gynecologist will determine whether there is a need for more detailed diagnostics and consultations with other doctors. According to your indications, you will receive all the necessary treatment recommendations and referrals for tests. This will allow you to dispel many fears and doubts, notice unfavorable changes in women’s health in time, take measures to correct them, and begin treatment on time.

A woman is sometimes scared or ashamed to come to a consultation with a gynecologist and a gynecological examination. She is frightened by the examination procedure, and even by the sight of the gynecological chair. However, it is advisable for even a healthy woman to visit a gynecological clinic twice a year. The main task of an obstetrician-gynecologist at a gynecological clinic is to preserve the health of a woman, which is only possible through the prevention of gynecological diseases and their timely detection in the initial stages. At an appointment with a gynecologist in our gynecological clinic, you will forget about the fear of a gynecological examination. The polite staff of the clinic does everything possible to quickly and efficiently provide you with the necessary medical services.

Features of gynecologist consultation. Gynecological examination

Every healthy woman should undergo a gynecological examination twice a year to maintain her health, prevent and identify gynecological diseases in the early stages. To avoid the development of sexually transmitted diseases, infectious diseases and gynecological tumors, it is better not to postpone a visit to the doctor, but to come for a preventive examination and consultation with a gynecologist.

The gynecologist must know the individual characteristics of your body, all the gynecological diseases that you have suffered. Communication with a gynecologist at an appointment should be easy and confidential. Every woman should have her own obstetrician-gynecologist.

It is advisable to come to a gynecologist’s consultation for the first time at the age of 15-16 years, especially if the girl has not yet started her menstrual cycle. It is also necessary to come to an appointment with a gynecologist if a woman has already begun or plans to begin sexual activity. Gynecologists advise not only to undergo a preventive gynecological examination twice a year, but also to undergo basic tests, especially when a new sexual partner appears, to do colposcopy and gynecological ultrasound, because the asymptomatic (hidden) course of gynecological diseases is very common and difficult to diagnose. Many gynecological diseases, if not treated promptly, can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage.

Stages of consultation with a gynecologist and gynecological examination

Questions for a gynecologist

You can come for a consultation with a gynecologist and a preventive gynecological examination if you have no complaints or already have certain complaints. A consultation with a gynecologist begins with a conversation. First, the gynecologist asks questions and fills out a medical record. By asking questions, the gynecologist will find out what problem the woman came to the doctor’s office with. It is important for a gynecologist to know what diseases a woman has had throughout her life, which will tell him about her predisposition to certain diseases. Some questions may seem too intimate or unnecessary, but they must be answered absolutely honestly. Answer all the gynecologist's questions and do not hesitate to ask him questions, because the state of your health depends on it.

External gynecological examination

A consultation with a gynecologist may include procedures such as measuring blood pressure, determining weight, and examining the mammary glands. After which the gynecologist proceeds to a gynecological examination of the female genital organs. To do this, the woman needs to lie down in a special gynecological chair. The gynecologist conducts an external examination to identify possible discharge, irritation, rashes, condylomas, gynecological tumors and other pathological changes in the external female genitalia. Having completed the external gynecological examination, the gynecologist proceeds to the internal gynecological examination.

Internal gynecological examination

During an internal gynecological examination, an obstetrician-gynecologist inserts disposable plastic speculum into the vagina to examine the cervix. The gynecologist also evaluates the presence of discharge and other pathological processes. After removing the speculum from the vagina, the gynecologist performs a vaginal examination. The gynecologist inserts the fingers of one hand, dressed in sterile disposable gloves, into the vagina. The gynecologist places his other hand on the anterior abdominal wall. Thus, the doctor notes the size, shape, position, mobility, pain of the uterus and appendages, and draws attention to the presence of pathological space-occupying formations in the pelvis. If you experience pain when palpating, you should immediately inform your gynecologist, as this may be a sign of an inflammatory or other gynecological disease. Sometimes a gynecologist can perform a rectal examination (for example, when examining virgins) when the data from other examinations is insufficient.

Taking a smear for flora during an internal gynecological examination

A mandatory stage of a preventive gynecological examination should be taking a smear. A bacteriological study is a study of a smear of gynecological discharge. The number of leukocytes is counted in the smear and pathogens are looked for. More than 10 leukocytes in the field of view may indicate the presence of a sexually transmitted infection or inflammation of the female genital organs. Based on the results of the smear, you can detect fungi (candidiasis), “key cells” (bacterial vaginosis), changes in the normal flora in the discharge due to vaginal dysbiosis. The gynecologist prescribes culture of the discharge and PCR diagnostics of the discharge to clarify the causative agent of the infectious process if the smear shows the presence of infection, but does not identify its causative agent.

Taking a smear for cytology during an internal gynecological examination

Cytological examination (cytology) is a mandatory stage in the early diagnosis of cervical diseases and a mandatory analysis carried out before its treatment. Even if nothing bothers the woman and the cervix seems unchanged to the naked eye, the woman should regularly (every year) undergo a cytological examination of cervical scrapings. The gynecologist takes a scraping during an internal gynecological examination. The scraping is taken with slight pressure, while the deeper layers of cells are scraped off. This is a painless procedure. This is done because the malignant process begins from the lower layers of the cervical epithelium and progresses to the surface of the mucous membrane. Therefore, if only the superficial layer is included in the analysis, a diagnosis can only be made when the disease is already at a late stage of development.

Colposcopy

Colposcopy is an examination of the cervix under a special microscope - a colcoscope. The gynecologist uses colposcopy during an internal gynecological examination in order not to miss the initial signs of a malignant tumor, if nothing bothers the patient and the cervix seems unchanged to the naked eye.

Colposcopy has enormous diagnostic value in cases of suspected cervical cancer, for diagnostics erosions cervix, dysplasia, leukoplakia. Only extended colposcopy can help make an accurate diagnosis of cervical disease in the early stages and determine its malignancy.

Extended colposcopy is an examination of the cervix after treatment with a 3% acetic acid solution. The action of acetic acid lasts about 4 minutes. After studying the collopscopic picture of the cervix treated with acetic acid, the gynecologist performs the Schiller test - smearing the cervix with a cotton swab moistened with 3% Lugol's solution. The iodine contained in the solution stains glycogen in the cells of healthy, unchanged squamous epithelium of the cervix dark brown. Thinning cells (atrophic age-related changes), as well as pathologically altered cells in various dysplasias of the cervical epithelium (precancerous conditions) are poor in glycogen and are not stained with iodine solution. Thus, a gynecologist during colposcopy identifies areas of pathologically altered epithelium and, if necessary, marks areas for cervical biopsy.

Ultrasound of the pelvis and fetus

In gynecology, pelvic ultrasound complements the gynecological examination and is used very widely, because with its help, with a high degree of reliability, you can examine the pelvic organs and monitor the development of pregnancy (fetus). Pelvic ultrasound is an examination method that allows a gynecologist to get an idea of all the pelvic organs, including the uterus and ovaries, which is of great importance in the diagnosis of gynecological tumors and inflammation of the female genital organs, and abnormalities of the uterus.

A pelvic ultrasound makes it possible to determine the causes of pathological discharge, uterine bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen and menstrual irregularities that are not visible during a routine gynecological examination.

Ultrasound allows you to determine the presence of pregnancy and fetal abnormalities. Ultrasound also plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and is necessarily performed before the abortion procedure to confirm the presence of a fertilized egg in the uterine cavity.

Consultation with a gynecologist based on the results of a gynecological examination and tests

To make a diagnosis, a gynecologist compares the results of a gynecological examination with data from anamnesis (the history of the woman’s life and illness), gynecological tests, complaints and the results of other examinations. Therefore, in order to make a diagnosis or ensure the absence of gynecological diseases, a woman needs at least two consultations with a gynecologist.

At the first consultation, the gynecologist performs the gynecological examination described above, colposcopy, pelvic ultrasound and collects material for gynecological tests. If a woman has complaints and symptoms of gynecological diseases, the gynecologist, during the first consultation, recommends to the woman what tests (except smears) she needs to undergo and prescribes symptomatic treatment to reduce the symptoms of the disease (pain in the lower abdomen, bleeding, itching, etc.).

A woman can take many tests during her first gynecological examination, but to take some tests she needs to come to the gynecologist again for fence material for analysis on a certain day of the menstrual cycle, after the necessary preparation or on an empty stomach.

At a follow-up appointment, the gynecologist advises the woman on the results of smears and other tests, if they were taken during the first gynecological examination. Test results may indicate the presence of a gynecological disease in the absence of symptoms, confirm a preliminary diagnosis made during the first examination, or indicate the need for further examination to make a diagnosis.

A complete treatment regimen for a gynecological disease is signed by a gynecologist after diagnosis. After treatment, and sometimes during treatment, a woman needs to come for a consultation with a gynecologist and take gynecological tests again to monitor the results of treatment.

Preparing for a gynecological examination

A woman needs to visit a gynecologist’s office several times a year if she cares about her health. The most optimal period for a preventive examination by a gynecologist is after menstruation. One day before consulting a gynecologist, it is not recommended to be sexually active. It is necessary to take a shower before examining a gynecologist, but douching has a negative effect, because... the doctor needs to see the real condition of the vaginal discharge and take a swab. There is no need to shave your hair before examining a gynecologist. If a woman has taken antibiotics and other medications, then it is necessary to warn the doctor about this. Sometimes testing for infections should take place no earlier than two weeks after the end of treatment in order to get the correct results. If you have to get tested for chronic infections, it is better to do this before or immediately after your period.

A consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist and examination usually takes about 30 minutes. Try not to be nervous during the examination. Answer all the doctor's questions and do not hesitate to ask him questions, because... The state of your health depends on this.

It is necessary to come to see a gynecologist in the following situations:

Recently, the asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases, has become very common. Vaginal discharge occurs in such diseases, but more often they are the only symptom and appear periodically. Without analyzes It is difficult to distinguish them from normal discharge. Therefore, every woman needs a preventive examination by a gynecologist at least twice a year.

Pathological vaginal discharge is the main symptom of almost all gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases. If they appear, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist with an examination and tests for determining infections, including sexually transmitted ones.

Uterine bleeding in the middle of the cycle, increased and prolonged bleeding during menstruation. Consultation with a gynecologist with examination and Ultrasound in this case, they are necessary to determine the source of bleeding. Bleeding that occurs during pregnancy requires immediate hospitalization.

Abdominal pain. In female gynecological diseases, it is most often observed in the lower abdomen. A consultation with a gynecologist with an examination, tests and other examinations are necessary to identify the cause of the pain.

Problems with conception. Conceiving a child requires preparation. Gynecological diseases can negatively affect pregnancy and the unborn baby. Therefore, it is very important to come for a consultation and examination with a gynecologist to identify and treat them before conception.

At planning pregnancy a woman needs to come for an examination and consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist, be examined and take a test in advance tests to identify infections, including - ureaplasmosis. Planning your pregnancy and performing a gynecological examination during pregnancy allows you to avoid complications and unpleasant surprises during pregnancy.

Diagnosis of pregnancy. The first signs of pregnancy before a missed period are inaccurate and often mislead women. During pregnancy, menstrual-like discharge is possible. In order to diagnose pregnancy in a timely manner, at the slightest suspicion, you need to consult a gynecologist, do an ultrasound and a blood test for hCG.

Termination of pregnancy (medical abortion). In the event of an unwanted pregnancy, you will receive qualified advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist on how to terminate it. Medical abortion is the least traumatic for a woman.

Contraception. Every woman should, with the help of a gynecologist, choose the most suitable means of protection against unwanted pregnancy for her. This requires a consultation with a gynecologist with an examination, ultrasound, and, if necessary, hormonal studies and other tests.

Hormonal disbalance. Often the main cause of diseases of the female reproductive system is hormonal changes (hormonal imbalance). During your consultation, your gynecologist will prescribe the necessary examinations to diagnose hormonal disorders.

Menstrual irregularities. Ovarian dysfunction is most often a symptom of serious gynecological diseases. A consultation with a gynecologist and an examination is necessary to identify these diseases.

From symptoms of premenstrual syndrome ninety percent of all women are affected. Before your period a woman may experience many unpleasant and painful sensations that should not normally exist. A woman should not put up with these sensations and suffer in silence; she must come for a consultation with a gynecologist.

Tides and painful sexual intercourse are the most common symptoms of menopause. During the consultation, the gynecologist will tell the woman how to alleviate the pathological menopause. A very dangerous symptom is the appearance of bloody discharge from the genitals after menopause. When they appear, a woman should consult a gynecologist for an examination immediately.

Cervical erosion. One of the most common diseases, which may not manifest itself in any way and can only be detected during a preventive gynecological examination.

Uterine fibroids. It may also not manifest itself in any way and be detected only during a preventive gynecological examination. Asymptomatic progression can lead to severe growth of the node, bleeding and surgical intervention.

Endometrial hyperplasia often asymptomatic, but more often manifests itself as dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Often the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia is made when a woman comes to see a gynecologist about infertility.

Polyps of the uterus (endometrium) and cervix(cervical canal). In recent years, polyps of the uterus and cervix have been found even in teenage girls. They do not manifest themselves in any way for a long time and over time can become malignant. For their timely detection, every woman needs a consultation with a gynecologist and a preventive examination twice a year.

Ovarian cyst. During a routine ultrasound examination, a gynecologist may detect an ovarian cyst in a woman. Some cysts may disappear on their own, but in many cases a course of hormonal treatment is required, and in some cases surgery is required to get rid of the source of the danger.

Spikes are formed when an acute inflammatory process in the female genital organs becomes chronic and the healing process extends over time. Adhesive disease is practically untreatable. Therefore, to avoid the formation of adhesions, if symptoms occur inflammation Immediately come for an appointment with a gynecologist.

Cervicitis- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix. May manifest as pathological discharge, burning, itching. If the flow is hidden, it may not manifest itself in any way. Therefore, every woman needs a preventive consultation with a gynecologist with an examination at least twice a year. The causative agents of infection are often gonococci and Trichomonas.

Thrush (or vaginal candidiasis) Caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. It often becomes chronic due to improper self-medication. To select the correct treatment and identify infections that often accompany exacerbation of thrush, which a woman may not even suspect (including sexually transmitted infections), it is necessary to consult a gynecologist for an examination.

Vaginal dysbiosis- this is a violation of the normal microflora of the vagina. This disease affects most women; it is often the result of improper self-medication. Dysbacteriosis can lead to the development of inflammatory gynecological diseases. Before prescribing medications to normalize the vaginal microflora, a consultation with a gynecologist, examination and tests is necessary.

For examination on syphilis a woman can also come for a consultation and examination with a gynecologist . Syphilis is a chronic venereal disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, many internal organs, bones and the nervous system. Recently, it has often been completely asymptomatic. The RW (Wassermann reaction) used to diagnose syphilis is often false-positive and false-negative and is very outdated.

Advantages of the Demetra Gynecological Clinic

The consultation is conducted by highly qualified gynecologists with extensive experience.
Considering the frequent imitation of gynecological diseases in the pathology of other organs, close cooperation is carried out between gynecologists and the therapist for the benefit of patients
Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of diseases, incl. laboratory tests, pelvic ultrasound and pregnancy ultrasound, colposcopy
Treatment of diseases without hospitalization (outpatient)
Convenient location of the clinic in Kyiv: Darnitsky district, near Poznyaki metro station
Convenient working hours by appointment only
If you have any questions, call us, our employees will provide all the necessary information

Inflammation of the appendages in women is a group of diseases that affect the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) and ovaries (andexitis, oophoritis). The main consequence is infertility, and if inflammation of the appendages is not treated, this disease can lead to the death of the patient.

Advice! Be sure to consult a doctor if you experience abdominal pain accompanied by an increase in temperature, as well as if there is a change in the nature of discharge from the genital tract.

Diseases affecting the fallopian tubes and ovaries are called inflammation of the appendages

Typically, inflammation is localized simultaneously in both the fallopian tube and the ovary (in medical terms salpingo-oophoritis, or adnexitis), often against this background endomeritis develops (inflammation of the uterine tissue). Inflammation of the appendages in women is manifested primarily by pain in the lower abdomen and increased body temperature. Since the fallopian tubes and ovaries are paired organs, andexitis can be one- or two-sided.

The inflammatory process in the appendages can lead to such dangerous complications as:

tubal and abdominal pregnancy as a result of obstruction of the fallopian tubes;
infertility (with complete obstruction) – observed in every fifth patient who has undergone andexitis;
the phenomenon of partial intestinal obstruction - inflammation can spread to the peritoneal tissue, forming adhesions, thereby disrupting the functioning of the lower intestines;
purulent inflammation both in the uterus itself and in the abdominal cavity ().
tubo-ovarian formations, expressed by purulent melting in the ovaries and fallopian tubes with the development of an abscess.

Salpingo-oophoritis is a fairly common disease, and almost every third woman has inflamed appendages at least once in her life. Women of all ages suffer from this disease, but more often young women - unfortunately, many girls prefer to dress more beautifully than warmly. Despite the seriousness of the disease, patients often put off going to the doctor until the last minute, that is, until the moment when the pain becomes unbearable or the inflammation becomes chronic. To avoid a severe course of the disease and dangerous complications, it is important to consult a specialist in time.

Causes and factors provoking the inflammatory process in the appendages

Inflammation of the appendages in women can have the most unexpected causes, however, there are a number of very specific factors under which the pelvic organs can become inflamed.

Here are the main ones:

The impetus for the development of the disease is very often hypothermia: sitting in the cold, clothing that is not suitable for the weather, clothing with an open stomach, wet or insufficiently warm shoes. A healthy body, in principle, is able to protect itself from an infection that has penetrated from the outside, but stress from hypothermia weakens its protective systems and microorganisms take over.

Hypothermia is one of the main factors of inflammation of the appendages in women

Promiscuous unprotected sexual intercourse, which entails the addition of sexually transmitted infections, including dangerous sexually transmitted diseases, often makes itself felt by inflammation of the appendages;
Inflammation of the appendages can develop as a consequence of difficult childbirth;
The ovary can also become inflamed with appendicitis, since the tissues of these organs are located very close;
The development of the disease is also provoked by termination of pregnancy (natural or artificial), and other surgical interventions in the uterus;
Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules can also become a trigger for the development of infection and inflammation;
Weakened due to a previous (or chronic) illness, as mentioned above, does not give the body the opportunity to overcome the developing disease;
Hormonal disorders lead to hypertrophic and other disorders in the tissues of the female genital organs, against the background of which an inflammatory process can develop;
Severe stress or nervous tension also act as factors that weaken the immune system with all the ensuing consequences.

Important! It should be understood that the slightest oversight of one’s own body can result in the development of pathology of the organs of the reproductive system for a woman.

The doctor can only determine the causative agent of the disease. They may be:

pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms;
sexually transmitted pathogens;
enterococci;
various viruses, including those from the herpes group;

fungi;
tuberculosis bacillus;
coli and so on.

However, as a rule, these are so-called “microbial associations”, which include several representatives of different groups of microorganisms.

Depending on the type of infection, the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves differently. For example, if the causative agent is gonococcus, the signs of the inflammatory process will be clearly expressed, if chlamydia is more blurred, the disease develops almost asymptomatically.

There are three ways of developing the disease:

With an ascending infection, microorganisms penetrate the uterus through the vagina, but there is a fairly acidic environment in it, and the microbes move further into the more “comfortable” fallopian tubes, and through them into the ovaries.
The descending path is when there is already an inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity (appendicitis, for example) and pathogenic microbes move to nearby tissues of the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
Hematogenous route - when an infection enters the tissues of the appendages along with blood. With this development of events, the cause of adnexitis may even be caries.

Symptoms

There are acute and chronic forms of inflammation.

The acute form of adnexitis is characterized by:

Aching pain, sharp or dull, localized in the lower abdomen, sometimes radiating to the lower back. The pain syndrome will be more pronounced during menstruation;
Pain during physical activity, during bowel movements, urination;
Fever up to forty degrees, weakness and chills;
Nausea and vomiting;
Discharge: profuse leucorrhoea, purulent discharge - depending on the causative agent of the infection;
Cycle disorders due to ovarian dysfunction and hormonal imbalance;
Decreased or complete absence of sexual desire, pain during intercourse.

Note! If you have severe pain in the lower abdomen, you should immediately contact a medical facility for a diagnosis, since the symptoms of inflammation of the appendages are similar to the symptoms of appendicitis!

The chronic form occurs due to an undertreated (or not treated at all) acute form of inflammation of the appendages. In this case, frequent relapses are observed.

In the chronic or latent form of inflammation of the appendages in women, the symptoms are less pronounced, the temperature may be low-grade, and lethargy and irritability are observed. Chronic inflammation of the appendages is dangerous because pathological processes occur in the body, weakening and destroying it, but due to sluggish symptoms, the patient is in no hurry to consult a doctor, which ultimately leads to serious complications.

Note! The listed symptoms are common to many other diseases, so it is important to conduct a thorough diagnosis to rule out other diseases.

You should not engage in self-diagnosis based on information from the Internet. You can write to a medical forum about the symptoms that worry you, this will provide some psychological relief, but will not cancel your visit to.

To make an accurate diagnosis, the results of an examination by a gynecologist are necessary - a manual examination helps to immediately determine the glands enlarged as a result of edema. A number of laboratory tests are also required. The diagnosis is clarified according to the data of an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, computed tomography, etc. They do urine and blood tests, and a vaginal smear for flora. If necessary, laparoscopy is prescribed in some cases. Having made a diagnosis, the doctor determines treatment. Symptoms and treatment, respectively, are individual in each case.

Treatment and prevention

Treatment for adnexitis is prescribed in a comprehensive manner, but the main drug in combination therapy is antibiotics.

In acute cases of the disease, it is necessary to observe bed rest and adhere to a diet: completely eliminate salty, spicy, sweet foods; it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids and eat foods rich in fiber.

Depending on the results of laboratory tests, two, sometimes even three types of antibiotics are usually prescribed, in the form of injections for the first few days, when the inflammatory process subsides. According to the doctor's instructions, you can take the drugs orally. The following antibiotic combination schemes are used:

Claforan + Gentamicin;
Cephobid + Gentamicin;
Clindamycin + Gentamicin;
Cefazolin+Ciprofloxacin;
Lincomycin, Ofloxacin, Doxycyline.

All of the drugs listed are potent broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Protected penicillins such as Amoxiclav are also used;
Latest generation cephalosporins, in particular Ceftriaxone.
For anaerobic type infections - or Metrogyl.

Along with the antibiotic, antimycotic agents are prescribed:

Diflucan;
Nystatin.

The prescribed therapeutic complex may contain non-steroidal painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs:

Ibuprofen;
Ketorol;
Ortofen;
Nurofen et al.

To avoid the development of allergic reactions, patients are prescribed medications (suprastin, pipolfen, etc.)
For local treatment, douching with solutions of chlorophyllipt, potassium permanganate, and chamomile decoction is used, as well as vaginal suppositories - hexicon, nystatin, terzhinan and others.

Physiotherapy in combination with the main treatment gives a good effect. Electrophoresis and heating are often used.
Folk remedies for inflammation of the appendages will help speed up the healing process.

Note! If you decide on your own initiative to supplement your treatment with these medications, you should definitely consult with your doctor!

Use herbal infusions and decoctions;
Freshly squeezed aloe juice is used as medicine;
Both compresses and steam baths with chamomile decoction are popular - in each case the method is selected individually.
One of the most popular folk remedies for chronic inflammation of the appendages is a steam bath with wormwood. To prepare it, pour two liters of water into an enameled cylindrical container, bring to a boil, then add 40-50 grams (half a glass) of wormwood herb. Immediately after this, remove the container from the heat, allow to cool slightly and brew. When the water has cooled to an acceptable temperature (so that it is still very warm, but it is no longer possible to get burned), place a towel on the edges of the container and sit over it. Such procedures are very often carried out by lovers of herbal medicine for inflammation of the appendages, and they are also effective for.
Wormwood is also used as a decoction for douching;
A decoction of wormwood, prepared according to the instructions on the pharmaceutical package, is taken orally in a tablespoon three times a day.
Collections of medicinal herbs are widely used, which include herb, yarrow, St. John's wort, horsetail, elecampane root, calendula flowers, ect.

Important! Under no circumstances should this method be used for acute processes and polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as any neoplasms.

Results

To prevent such an unpleasant disease as adnexitis, a woman needs to carefully monitor her own body. First of all, hypothermia should not be allowed. It is also necessary to avoid stress and overwork if possible. It is important to eat varied and on time, do physical exercise, but observe reasonable moderation. Naturally, it is necessary to observe the rules of personal hygiene and avoid unprotected sexual relations with non-regular partners.

Important! In some cases, inflammation of the appendages occurs with mild symptoms or is completely asymptomatic. Do not neglect preventive examinations; be sure to visit a gynecologist every six months.

The slightest signs of inflammation of the appendages in a woman, even minor pain in the lower abdomen should be a reason to visit a doctor - it is better to be safe than to undergo long and painful treatment.

From childhood, parents need to explain to girls how to properly take care of themselves, why they need to dress warmly and maintain hygiene. And, of course, do not forget to undergo a preventive examination with a gynecologist once every six months.

Inflammation of the uterine appendages occurs at a young age, occupies a leading place in the structure of female pathology, is characterized by a tendency to chronicity, which leads to the appearance of persistent pain, impaired reproductive and sexual functions with the involvement of other body systems in the pathological process.

Once the inflammatory process of the uterine appendages has been suffered, in some cases it leads to infertility, and if this happens three times, the risk increases threefold. Therefore, the problem is considered one of the most acute in clinical gynecology.

Causes of inflammation of the uterine appendages

Most often, inflammatory diseases of the tubes and ovaries are diagnosed in females under the age of 24, and after crossing the thirty-year age mark, their frequency decreases - this is due to an increase in protective antibodies in the cervical canal and changes in sexual behavior.

The main causes of pathology include:

penetration of pathogenic microorganisms (chlamydia, staphylococci, gonococci, E. coli) into the fallopian tubes and ovaries;
diagnostic and therapeutic interventions;
weakened immune system;
change of sexual partner;
intrauterine device;
abortions;
sexual relations during menstruation.

In many cases, inflammation of the ovaries and tubes occurs against the background. Anaerobic microorganisms that multiply in the vagina during this process reduce the protective properties of the mucus of the cervical canal, facilitating the spread of ascending infection.

The disease can be triggered by hypothermia and stress, sudden climate change, environmental deterioration, intense work without rest, poor nutrition - all these risk factors favor the awakening of a possible latent infection.

Signs and symptoms of inflammation of the appendages

Inflammation can be acute, subacute or chronic. Symptoms of acute inflammation of the uterine appendages are characterized by the following picture:

Severe pain in the suprapubic abdomen and lower back;
Increase in temperature from low-grade to high hyperthermia;
Sweating;
Chills;
Urinary problems;
Bloating;
Nausea or vomiting;
General weakness;
Purulent or sanguineous vaginal discharge.

The first signs of inflammation of the appendages in a woman with an acute course of the disease often appear during or after menstruation, with a change in sexual behavior, after the introduction of an intrauterine device.

Chronic inflammation may have a similar picture to the acute process, but is accompanied by periodic exacerbations. The disease is provoked by hypothermia, stressful situations, and heavy physical work.

Symptoms of chronic inflammation of the appendages include:

In women suffering from any form of inflammation of the appendages, adhesions of the pelvic organs occur, but it is most pronounced in a chronic course.

Inflammation of the appendages and pregnancy

A long-term inflammatory process has a bad effect on the functioning of the female reproductive organs. If the disease reaches a chronic stage, it can affect the ability to bear children.

Chronic processes in the uterine appendages in many cases occur with hormonal ovarian insufficiency and contribute to:

the occurrence of premature birth;
abnormal labor;
intrauterine infection of the fetus;
untimely release of amniotic fluid.

Often leads to, and if intrauterine occurs, it threatens miscarriage.

Since the symptoms of inflammation of the appendages in women are quite serious, treatment should be carried out in a hospital setting. Timely initiation of adequate therapy reduces the number of possible undesirable consequences. The basis of methods for treating inflammation of the uterine appendages is:

Antibacterial therapy;
Detoxification therapy;
Immunocorrective therapy.

Antibacterial therapy uses drugs from several groups. Among them are drugs with metronidazole, representatives of penicillins, cephalosoporins, tetracyclines, clindamycin, aminoglycosides. Their combined use makes it possible to qualitatively influence the most common range of pathogens.

If treatment is not completed and there are no signs, inflammation will begin again. Therefore, the course of antibiotic treatment must be completed in full and for as many days as prescribed by the doctor.

Detoxification therapy is carried out with crystalloid and detoxification solutions including solutions of hemodez, Ringer-Locke, Reopoliglucin, and glucose. The prescription of infusion therapy is justified by the development of intoxication.

As an addition to the main treatment, drugs that have an antiviral and immunomodulatory effect are prescribed. If problems with immunity are serious, the introduction of donor immunoglobulins is indicated. The use of immunomodulatory agents promotes faster elimination of the pathogen from the body.

To reduce inflammation, relieve pain and prevent the development of adhesions during inflammation of the appendages, suppositories are used. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (dicloberl), enzymes (longidaza) and herbal preparations are prescribed in the form of suppositories. Determining the dosage and frequency of administration of drugs is the prerogative of the gynecologist.

Suppositories do not replace antibacterial therapy and are used only in combination with medications of various effects.

In case of chronic inflammation, during the period of remission, sanatorium-resort treatment and physiotherapy are indicated. In case of a pronounced pain component and widespread adhesions, surgical intervention is possible to cut and remove adhesions and restore patency of the fallopian tubes.

Complications and consequences of inflammation

Adhesions are the most serious complication diagnosed after inflammation of the appendages. These areas of connective tissue fuse the pelvic organs together, sometimes neighboring organs (intestinal loops) are also drawn into this process.

Complications of the pathology include:

accumulation of fluid or pus in the fallopian tube;
tubo-ovarian abscesses;
obstruction of the fallopian tubes (complete or partial);
ruptures of abscesses followed by peritonitis.

Inflammation of the appendages can cause infertility, menstrual irregularities and ectopic pregnancy.

Prevention of inflammation of the appendages

Regular examination by a gynecologist is one of the important preventive measures. Prevention of inflammation of the appendages is:

using a condom during casual sex;
compliance with hygiene rules;
in the timely and correct treatment of genital infections;
having a permanent sexual partner.

A healthy lifestyle and general strengthening measures help restore immunity. Women definitely need to monitor their health, not get too cold, and also avoid stressful situations.

Thus, inflammation of the uterine appendages is an important problem in modern gynecology. Timely therapeutic intervention in infectious and inflammatory processes of internal organs allows preserving a woman’s reproductive function and preventing the development of serious consequences. The result depends on the doctor’s tactics and the right medications.

Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in women begin with acute symptoms. It is very important to start treatment as early as possible. In the absence of adequate therapy, the pathology becomes chronic, after which it will be very difficult to cure the disease. In addition, chronic diseases provoke secondary processes that are unnatural for the human body.

The fast pace of life and lack of free time do not always allow you to seek medical help on time. Sometimes patients think that they know better than the doctor which remedy will help. If self-medication can bring positive results with colds and viral infections, then with more serious diseases, especially with pathologies of the pelvic organs, serious negative consequences are possible. Despite this, about half of the patients, having discovered various types of inflammation in women, begin treatment at home without prior examination.

How to determine inflammation yourself

Pelvic inflammatory processes affect various organs: ovaries, fallopian tubes, peritoneal tissue, uterus, cervical canal, cervix or vagina. In 7 out of 10 women with inflammation, adnexitis is detected.

Adnexitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the uterine appendages: the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

In most cases, the cause of the pathology is an infection that enters the woman’s body through the vagina. Less commonly, the disease is caused by several microorganisms at once. The unique structure of the female genital organs does not allow pathology to be detected immediately. Adnexitis may be asymptomatic or manifest a minor clinical picture. You can detect deviations from the normal state on your own, but a woman can never be sure that she is dealing with inflammation of the appendages unless this is confirmed by laboratory and instrumental methods. Signs of adnexitis are:

increased body temperature (to high values in the acute stage and low-grade fever in the chronic stage);
pain in the lower abdomen (increases during sexual intercourse and during bowel movements);
burning sensation in the genital area (develops due to an imbalance of microflora caused by the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms);
strange discharge (vaginal secretion turns green, gray, yellow, purulent and acquires an unpleasant odor);
enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.

Associated signs of inflammation in women include irregular menstruation, ovulation disorders and infertility.

Adnexitis is the final stage of the inflammatory process. Initially, the infection enters the vagina. At the first stage, it settles in the uterus and affects the pharynx. Subsequently, in the absence of treatment, the pathogen moves to the fallopian tubes and ovaries.

Effective Treatments

Therapy for adnexitis must be carried out necessarily. It is good if treatment begins in the acute stage. However, medical practice shows that inflammation emanating from the vagina and affecting the appendages is already chronic.

Treating ovarian inflammation at home can be done with over-the-counter medications or alternative medicine. Often, patients are able to buy effective medications prescribed by doctors without a prescription. When taking such drugs on your own, you must be aware of responsibility for your own health, evaluate the consequences of treatment and strictly follow the instructions for use. Good results, according to reviews from women, are shown by an integrated approach when therapy is carried out with the help of medications and traditional recipes.

Treatment with medications

Inflammation of the tissues of the ovaries and fallopian tubes is caused in 90% by chlamydia. Microorganisms cannot be classified as bacteria or viruses. For this reason, it can be very difficult to find an effective medicine for chlamydia. It is necessary to use antiprotozoal agents to which the infectious agent will be sensitive. For self-treatment of adnexitis, women use antibiotics.

They will be effective if the disease is caused by bacteria: streptococci, gonococci, E. coli, peptococci and other pathogens.

Metronidazole and drugs based on it have been used for many years to treat adnexitis. The medicine is prescribed in the form of tablets for a course of treatment. If necessary, you can use suppositories or vaginal gel. Combining several forms of antiprotozoal antibiotic will achieve the best effect. Metronidazole appears to be effective even when other antibacterial drugs do not show good results.
Azithromycin (Sumamed, Aditrus) is used in a short course of 3-5 days. The medicine is used in tablet form. Despite the fact that it is included in the list of prescription products, you can buy it yourself if you wish. The drug has a wide spectrum of action and is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.
Doxycycline (Unidox, Vibramycin) is widely used in venereology. The drug is effective against most bacteria that cause inflammation in women. In severe cases, an injection form can be used, but at home patients prefer to take tablets.
Ceftriaxone (injectable drug) is used to treat the appendages and uterus. The use of this antibiotic shows good results. It is effective against many pathogens, with the exception of viruses.

Local medications

To quickly relieve symptoms, you need to use local remedies. Their action can be:

Many suppositories (rectal and vaginal) for inflammation are sold without a prescription. The average course duration is 5-7 days. For effective treatment at home, they should be combined with systemic medications for adnexitis.

Voltaren, Movalis - painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, eliminate the symptoms of inflammation of the appendages for 8-12 hours. The medicine is contraindicated in certain vascular diseases and bleeding disorders.
Floumizin, Hexicon, Chlorhexidine are antiseptic suppositories for vaginal use. They act directly on the source of infection and disinfect the mucous membrane.
Polygynax, Terzhinan, Betadine, Macmiror Complex - are used to treat inflammation caused by the colonization of pathogenic flora.

When choosing how to treat ovarian inflammation at home, you must give preference to one particular drug. Do not use all medications that may be effective at once.

Alternative medicine

Ovaries are treated quite well. Alternative medicine shows a positive result if the disease is old and has long become chronic. After a few days of using the available recipes, a noticeable improvement in well-being is observed. There is a lot of debate about how to treat inflammation on your own. Alternative medicine offers many recipes that have been proven over the years.

Caution must be exercised when using natural medicinal formulations. Any herbs are contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women. Also, non-traditional drugs are more likely to cause an allergic reaction than traditional drugs.

Recipes for internal use

For inflammatory diseases, plants of medicinal origin are used in the form of decoctions and tinctures. It is important to consider that a separate form of the disease requires the use of individual formulations. Thus, for acute inflammation of the ovaries, treatment with folk remedies is carried out using boron uterus, field grass, oak, linden, coltsfoot, and raspberries. The chronic form of the disease is well eliminated by cinquefoil, chamomile, sage, and daisy flowers. The preparations are prepared on a water basis or with the addition of alcohol-containing substances. The latter are prohibited for use by women driving cars and patients engaged in hazardous activities.

A decoction of nettle, centaury, oak bark and knotweed is prepared over low heat for an hour (200g of raw material per 1 liter of water). After this, the medicine is infused for another 4-5 hours and filtered. You need to take 100 ml half an hour before meals. After 10-15 days, the symptoms of inflammation will disappear.
A water infusion of chamomile, immortelle and calendula is prepared in a thermos. This remedy will be effective for purulent vaginal discharge. The medicine is taken 50-80 ml after meals for a long time.
Goose cinquefoil in the amount of 2 tablespoons is brewed with 400 ml of water. After an hour of infusion, strain and take half a glass every 6 hours. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.
Borovaya uterus (1 tablespoon) is poured with a glass of boiling water and left for 2 hours. Take the strained infusion in a third of a glass 4 times a day at equal intervals.

Any raw material can be prepared on an alcohol basis. It is believed that such treatment of the ovaries in women will be more effective, since ethanol promotes vasodilation and rapid penetration of the active component into the bloodstream. However, you should not chase the best result, harming your health. It must be remembered that alcohol-containing medications are not suitable for everyone.

Douching

The question of the effectiveness of douching for inflammation remains open to this day. It is believed that herbs when used in this way penetrate directly into the area affected by the pathogen and act on it. At the same time, vaginal microflora, which may be pathogenic, can spread to the uterus. This process is fraught with additional infection. A woman who wants to perform vaginal irrigation should definitely consult a doctor.

If the patient is adamant in her decision, then the following recipes should be used:

aloe and plantain (plantain decoction is mixed with fresh aloe);
water infusion of eucalyptus (raw materials are brewed in a thermos);
chamomile decoction (dried flowers are boiled over low heat).

Tampons

There are many ways to cure ovarian inflammation at home. One of the most effective methods is the use of tampons. Unlike douching, this method does not contribute to the spread of infection and can be safely used independently. It is important to choose the appropriate ingredients for the medicine, since all substances have individual effects.

propolis – has an anti-inflammatory and regenerating effect (beeswax is melted in a water bath, then a sterile tampon is soaked in it and, after hardening, it is inserted into the vagina);
Celandine and garlic are natural antibiotics that have a pronounced antimicrobial effect (the juice obtained from the raw material is mixed with 200 ml of warm water, after which a tampon is soaked in this solution and inserted into the vagina before bed).

To make tampons, medications in the form of ointments are often used, for example, Levomekol and Methyluracil. The substances are applied to sterile gauze and inserted into the vagina. You can only use a freshly prepared tampon. The course of treatment with such compresses lasts from 5 to 14 days and depends on the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease.

Prevention

In order not to think about how to relieve inflammation of the appendages at home in the future, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures. has a tendency to worsen. With the slightest decrease in immunity, all symptoms of inflammation return. This means that even a common cold can worsen a woman’s condition. You can prevent relapses of adnexitis if you follow the following rules:

visit a gynecologist in a timely manner, take tests and complete the prescribed treatment in full;
exclude unprotected sexual contacts with frequent changes of partners;
use high-quality contraceptives (condoms, coils or suppositories);
maintain personal hygiene, prevent the appearance of thrush;
protect yourself from hypothermia and colds;
exclude uncontrolled use of antibiotics;
lead a healthy lifestyle, give up bad habits.

Symptoms of adnexitis are similar to diseases such as adenomyosis, endometriosis, adhesions in the pelvis, cervical erosion and other pathologies. The disease can be differentiated using ultrasound. If a woman does not want to go to the doctor, but has doubts about her health, then she can simply visit the ultrasound room. It will immediately become clear whether home treatment is needed or whether you can do without it at this stage.