Immunomodulators - list of effective drugs and reviews. Immunomodulatory agents Use of IMD for bacterial infections

Immunomodulators are now very popular - they improve the body’s protective function and are intended for adults and children. But these medications must be used wisely: improper use can cause serious harm to a person. In this article, the reader will learn how immunomodulators affect the body of adult women and men, including children. The text contains the characteristics of specific drugs and reviews of people who assessed their effects, which are freely available on various Internet sites.

What kind of immunomodulator medicine is this and what effect does it have?

A person can be congenital or acquired. The first type of defense is depleted very quickly and is not able to resist the pathogen for a long time. The acquired one is activated after the innate resources are exhausted; it has memory: in many cases, having once had an illness, a person tolerates re-infection more easily, because the acquired immunity has remembered an effective antibody to a given pathogen.

Attention! This principle is used in vaccination, when a weakened pathogenic microorganism is injected into a person, allowing the immune system to analyze the pathogen and develop effective protection.

When the body is unable to cope with the disease, immunomodulators are used. These are drugs that change the characteristics of the human immune system. There are 2 groups of immunomodulators:

• immunostimulants– force the defense system to act more actively;
• immunosuppressants has a depressing effect on the immune system, lowering it.

There is a difference between immunomodulators and immunostimulants: the former contain useful substances that help a person’s defenses overcome the disease, strengthen it, while stimulants artificially activate the immune system, forcing the use of internal reserves to fight.

The following groups of diseases can be distinguished for the treatment of which immunomodulators are used:

• chronic infections;
• allergy;
• tumors;
• immunodeficiency ().

Attention! Immunosuppressants are needed when the immune system malfunctions, causing it to act against its own body.

Reception and treatment with immunomodulators occurs when a doctor prescribes complex treatment, when the patient takes different groups of medications: antibiotics, antivirals and other drugs. This combination increases the body's defenses during active therapy.

These funds can also be used to speed up the patient’s rehabilitation period. After a course of administration, their effect continues for a long time, up to several years.

Classification of drugs, immunomodulators for children

These drugs, immunomodulators, are divided into 3 groups:

1. Endogenous– synthesis of substances occurs in the body itself.
2. Exogenous– all necessary substances and compounds come from outside with the intake of plant substances and beneficial bacteria.
3. Synthetic- completely artificial drugs.

We can distinguish herbal immunomodulators for adult women and men: many of them are used in traditional medicine recipes; since ancient times, people have discovered the healing properties of some plants. Among them, two groups can be distinguished:

• aggressive;
• soft.

The first group of plants has a more complex composition and is capable of inhibiting the defense system if used incorrectly. This group includes: licorice, yellow egg capsule, mistletoe and etc.

The second group is broader in composition; these plants help the immune system without side effects. This ginseng, Aralia, nettle, thyme, pine and nuts, garlic, figs etc.

Attention! The second group of medications can be recommended for self-medication (according to prescriptions), the first - only after consultation with a doctor and under his supervision.

It is necessary to give immunomodulators to a child very carefully, since the child’s defense system is at the stage of formation. Unreasonable use of immunomodulators and their active substances can lead to suppression of the child’s immunity.

Children over 6 years old are allowed to give immunomodulatory drugs no more than twice a year; children under 2 years old can use them only under the supervision of a doctor in difficult situations.

There are different points of view regarding the possibility of using various immunomodulators in children; for example, Dr. E. Komarovsky, a famous children's doctor, believes that children should not be given immunomodulators - this can lead to abnormal development and inability to protect themselves from the disease. Each parent is free to have their own point of view, but it is recommended to analyze all the pros and cons in advance.

You need to remember the main thing: the use of these medications, immunomodulators, immunostimulants or immunosuppressants, is possible only after consultation with a specialist. For both children and adults, it is possible to obtain a beneficial effect from taking immunomodulators only by selecting the right dose and taking into account the specific characteristics of a person’s health.

Improper use of immunomodulators can lead to a significant weakening of the immune system; in some situations, their use is contraindicated - for example, in the presence of autoimmune diseases, drugs can cause unpredictable and even fatal consequences.

The use of immunomodulators in the treatment of various diseases

1. . It is a viral disease, the causative agent of which is present in almost every person in a passive form. When comfortable conditions arise (the development of other diseases, weakening of protection), the virus begins to manifest itself as a pathogen, causing the development of the disease. Immunomodulators are used, among which the most effective are drugs from the group of interferons and certain nonspecific drugs (Cordyceps, natural immunity modulators, etc.). Treatment is most effective with simultaneous vitamin therapy.
2. Cold. Most often, the disease is of a viral nature and is associated with hypothermia. For treatment the following are used:

• antiviral immunomodulators as prescribed by a doctor;
• all natural remedies (as a complementary self-medication).

For colds, immunomodulators are used only in case of a complicated course of the disease, for example, if the high temperature persists for several days and the symptoms of acute respiratory infections do not subside. Only in this case will the attending physician prescribe an intensive course of therapy.

1. Flu. For the treatment of this disease, all natural, herbal immunomodulatory agents are indicated -, cranberry, rose hip, Melissa, . It is possible to use antiviral and anti-inflammatory immunomodulators (, etc.).

Attention! Herbal immunomodulators are allowed to be used only in the absence of contraindications (allergic reactions or concomitant diseases). It is recommended to consult a doctor before use.

1. Immunodeficiency virus (). This is a dangerous pathology that gradually deactivates the human defense system. Despite the fact that immunomodulators cannot eliminate this virus, the drugs can activate the immune system and significantly alleviate the patient’s condition. Medicines are used in conjunction with antiretroviruses and other drugs necessary for HIV-infected people. In addition to synthetic immunomodulators, natural drugs are widely used.

List of effective immunomodulators and reviews

The list of immunomodulators today is quite large and varied.

Interferon

Interferon is an antiviral and antitumor modulator that is synthesized in the body itself. Interferon is used as:

• prophylactic agent for ARVI epidemics. The sooner you start taking a drug from the interferon group, the better the body will resist the effects of pathogens;
• to restore the body, immune system, after serious illnesses.

It is in the ranking of the most effective drugs for strengthening the immune system. The most common form of interferon release is ampoules with powder, which must be diluted with water and dropped into the eyes and nose. Also available in the form of rectal suppositories and for intramuscular injections.

Reviews of the use of Interferon:

“Interferon” perfectly increases the body’s defenses, I can say this from my husband and I’s experience. I bought it as prescribed by a doctor in the form of a dry powder in ampoules. The important thing is that you should not dilute the medicine too much, because the medicine is stored in the refrigerator for only a couple of days. This is a very good antiviral immunomodulator, protects against influenza and ARVI. It is better to use only after consulting a doctor: there are contraindications.

Anastasia, 29 years old

Not everyone talks about this, but Interferon cannot be used constantly. Yes, he helped me quickly get my child on his feet. Having seen such a miraculous effect, I instilled the drug in him every day, and when I stopped it in the spring, he immediately fell ill. It turns out that if you give the medicine for a long time, it will suppress the immune system, preventing the body from synthesizing its own interferon. So this medicine needs to be taken in moderation.

Ira, 35 years old

There are restrictions on the use of the immunomodulator Decaris for pregnant women, for example, when taken during lactation, breastfeeding is prohibited.

Children over 3 years old can use Decaris in strictly dosed doses. The cost is about 75 rubles per pack with one Dekaris tablet.

Reviews of the use of Decaris tablets:

Kirill 34 years old

Anton, 33 years old

Lycopid

In the photo, Likopid tablets are a strong immunomodulator and immunostimulant for adults and children.

Lykopid is a powerful immunomodulator and immunostimulant. Likopid is effective in the treatment of purulent-septic infections. Due to its bactericidal activity, Lykopid can be used as an antitumor drug, and is also used during therapy:

• psoriasis and other skin diseases;
• eye infections;
• hepatitis (infectious).

Attention! Likopid is considered a very strong drug, so it must be taken in doses; it is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Lykopid® - instructions for use

Release form, composition and packaging White, round, flat-cylindrical tablets, with a chamfer and a score. 1 tab. glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) 10 mg Excipients: lactose monohydrate – 184.7 mg, sugar (sucrose) – 12.5 mg, potato starch – 40 mg, methylcellulose – 0.3 mg, stearate – 2.5 mg. 10 pieces. – blister contour packages (1) – cardboard packs. Pharmacological action Pharmacodynamics The active substance of Lykopid® tablets is glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) - a synthetic analogue of the structural fragment of the membrane (peptidoglycan) of bacterial cells. GMDP is an activator of innate and acquired immunity, strengthens the body’s defense against viral, bacterial and fungal infections; has an adjuvant effect in the development of immunological reactions. The biological activity of the drug is realized through the binding of GMDP to the intracellular receptor protein NOD2, localized in the cytoplasm of phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells). The drug stimulates the functional (bactericidal, cytotoxic) activity of phagocytes, enhances their presentation of antigens, the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes, increases the synthesis of specific antibodies, and helps normalize the balance of Th1/Th2 lymphocytes towards the predominance of Th1. The pharmacological action is carried out by enhancing the production of key interleukins (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-12), TNF alpha, interferon gamma, colony-stimulating factors. The drug increases the activity of natural killer cells. Likopid® has low toxicity (LD50 exceeds the therapeutic dose by 49,000 times or more). In the experiment, when administered orally in doses 100 times higher than the therapeutic dose, the drug does not have a toxic effect on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and does not cause pathological changes in internal organs. Likopid® does not have embryotoxic or teratogenic effects and does not cause chromosomal or gene mutations. Experimental studies conducted on animals provided data on the antitumor activity of the drug Lykopid® (GMDP). Pharmacokinetics The bioavailability of the drug when taken orally is 7-13%. The degree of binding to blood albumin is weak. The time to reach Cmax is 1.5 hours after administration. T1/2 – 4.29 hours. Does not form active metabolites, is excreted mainly through the kidneys unchanged. Indications The drug is used in adults in the complex treatment of diseases accompanied by secondary immunodeficiency states: - acute and chronic purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues, including purulent-septic postoperative complications; - sexually transmitted infections (human papillomavirus infection, chronic); - herpetic infection (incl. with ophthalmoherpes); - psoriasis (including psoriatic); - lungs. Dosage regimen Licopid® is administered orally on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before meals. Elderly patients are recommended to start treatment with half doses (1/2 of the therapeutic dose), in the absence of side effects, increasing the dose of the drug to the required therapeutic dose. If a drug dose is missed, if no more than 12 hours have passed from the scheduled time, the patient can take the missed dose; If more than 12 hours have passed from the scheduled time of administration, you must take only the next dose according to the schedule and not take the missed one. Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues, acute and chronic, severe, including purulent-septic postoperative complications: 10 mg 1 time / day for 10 days. Herpetic infection (recurrent course, severe forms): 10 mg 1 time / day for 6 days. For ophthalmoherpes: 10 mg 2 times a day for 3 days. After a break of 3 days, the course of treatment is repeated. Sexually transmitted infections (human papillomavirus infection, chronic): 10 mg 1 time/day for 10 days. Psoriasis: 10–20 mg 1 time/day for 10 days and then five doses every other day, 10–20 mg 1 time/day. For severe psoriasis and extensive lesions (including psoriatic): 10 mg 2 times a day for 20 days. Pulmonary tuberculosis: 10 mg 1 time/day for 10 days. Side effects Often (1–10%) – arthralgia (joint pain), myalgia (muscle pain); at the beginning of treatment, there may be a short-term increase in body temperature to subfebrile values ​​(up to 37.9°C), which is not an indication for discontinuation of the drug. Most often, the side effects described above are observed when taking Lykopid® tablets in high doses (20 mg). Rarely (0.01-0.1%) – a short-term increase in body temperature to febrile values ​​(>38.0°C). If body temperature rises >38.0°C, antipyretics can be taken, which does not reduce the pharmacological effects of Lykopid® tablets. Very rarely (<0.01%) – . Если любые из указанных в инструкции побочных эффектов усугубляются или пациент заметил любые другие побочные эффекты, следует сообщить об этом врачу. Противопоказания к применению - повышенная чувствительность к глюкозаминилмурамилдипептиду и другим компонентам препарата; - беременность; - период лактации (грудного вскармливания); - детский возраст до 18 лет; - аутоиммунный тиреоидит в фазе обострения; - состояния, сопровождающиеся фебрильной температурой (> 38°C) at the time of taking the drug; - rare congenital metabolic disorders (alactasia, galactosemia, lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase/isomaltase deficiency, fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption); - use for autoimmune diseases is not recommended due to the lack of clinical data. Likopid® 10 mg is used with caution in elderly people, strictly under the supervision of a physician. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding Taking Licopid® 10 mg is contraindicated for women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Special instructions When starting to take the drug Likopid® 10 mg, there may be an exacerbation of the symptoms of chronic and latent diseases associated with the main pharmacological effects of the drug. In elderly people, Licopid® 10 mg is used with caution, strictly under the supervision of a physician. Elderly patients are recommended to start treatment with half doses (1/2 of the therapeutic dose), in the absence of side effects, increasing the dose of the drug to the required therapeutic dose. The decision to prescribe Licopid® tablets 10 mg to patients with a combination of diagnoses of psoriasis and gout should be made by a doctor when assessing the risk/benefit ratio, due to the potential risk of exacerbation of gouty arthritis and joint swelling. If the doctor decides to prescribe the drug Likopid® tablets 10 mg in a situation where the patient has a combination of diagnoses of psoriasis and gout, treatment should begin with low doses, in the absence of side effects, increasing the dose to a therapeutic one. Each Licopid® 10 mg tablet contains sucrose in the amount of 0.001 XE (bread units), which should be taken into account in patients with. Each Licopid® 10 mg tablet contains 0.184 grams of lactose, which should be taken into account by patients suffering from hypolactasia (lactose intolerance, in which the body experiences a decrease in the level of lactase, the enzyme necessary to digest lactose). Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery. Does not affect the ability to drive vehicles and complex mechanisms. Overdose Cases of drug overdose are unknown. Symptoms: based on the pharmacological properties of the drug, in case of overdose, a rise in body temperature to subfebrile (up to 37.9 ° C) values ​​may be observed. Treatment: if necessary, symptomatic therapy (antipyretics) is carried out, sorbents are prescribed. A specific antidote is unknown. Drug interactions The drug increases the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs, and there is synergism with antiviral and drugs. Antacids and sorbents significantly reduce the bioavailability of the drug. GCS reduce the biological effect of the drug Likopid®. Conditions and periods of storage The drug should be stored in a dry place, protected from light, out of reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Shelf life – 5 years. Do not use after expiration date. Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies The drug is dispensed with a prescription.

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Reviews of the use of tablets immunomodulatorLycopid:

I have low immunity, and the doctor prescribed me the immunomodulator “Likopid”. The medicine is sold in tablets, the price is high, and this is the only disadvantage. The effect does not appear immediately, the effect is cumulative. I took three courses, only after that I noticed that my immunity had become stronger - I endured the cold autumn and winter calmly, and never got sick, which is an amazing and rare occurrence for me!

Anna, 37 years old

At first, my relationship with this immunomodulator did not work out. When I started taking the medicine prescribed to me, I did not find any positive effect. After some time, I took another course of Lykopid, and began to feel that my health began to improve. Then I learned from the doctor that the drug does not act immediately, first the medicinal substances accumulate, and only then they strengthen the immune system. This happened in my case too; I haven’t been sick during the cold season for several years now.

Oleg, 43 years old

Arbidol

® – proven protection against colds and flu!

is an antiviral drug with moderate effects. Arbidol is used as a therapeutic and preventive measure for severe viral diseases (acute respiratory infections, influenza, bronchitis, etc.).

I have a large family, and every year we use Arbidol to prevent influenza and ARVI diseases. Capsules for children and adults with different dosages are sold - this is a big plus, because you want to protect children without side effects. We use it as a preventive measure, the effect is good - none of the family members have gotten sick in two years. The drug is inexpensive - this is also a plus, it helps to avoid both the disease itself and expensive treatment.

Olga, 40 years old

"Arbidol", of course, is a well-known and time-tested medicine. About ten years ago, my doctor recommended that I use this immunomodulator for prevention, and make it a rule. During all this time I have never regretted this advice. Now this is my little tradition: when autumn comes, I go to the pharmacy and take Arbidol! By the way, I get sick very rarely.

Innocent, 39 years old

Amiksin

Amiksin is a powerful antiviral and immunomodulatory agent.

Amiksin is an antiviral drug with a strong effect. The immunomodulator Amiksin is used in the treatment of hepatitis A, B, C and various viral infections, including influenza, acute respiratory infections, and pulmonary diseases. Children can take Amiksin no earlier than 7 years old - the effect is powerful; before this age can have a destructive effect on the developing immune system.

Reviews of the use of Amiksin tablets:

I live in the south of Russia, where the climate is mild; I once went to visit relatives in Yaroslavl in winter and almost immediately fell ill. High temperature, weakness - in a word, flu. Within an hour after taking the first Amiksin tablet, the temperature almost returned to normal, and three days later I forgot about the illness! But it must be remembered that the medicine is strong, children should be given only a small dosage and consult a doctor first.

Antonina, 41 years old

I became acquainted with this immunomodulator almost two years ago, when I was sick several times in winter and spring. At this time I had to travel around the country in connection with my work. The infection hit me powerfully and knocked me off my feet. A friend bought the drug after consulting with the seller at the pharmacy. I took only three tablets and was cured of the disease! Already on the second day I felt so healthy that I was able to return to work. Then I found out that this drug is contraindicated for those who are allergic to the constituent substances. But Amiksin really helped me!

Nikolay, 49 years old

Amiksin - instructions for use

Release form, composition and packaging Orange film-coated tablets, round, biconvex; on the cross section - the core is orange, minor darker or lighter inclusions are allowed. 1 tab. tilorone (tilaxin) 125 mg Excipients: potato starch - 46 mg, microcrystalline cellulose - 120 mg, povidone (povidone K30) - 3 mg, stearate - 3 mg, croscarmellose (croscarmellose sodium) - 3 mg. Shell composition: hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) – 6.81 mg, titanium dioxide – 3.563 mg, macrogol (polyethylene glycol 4000) – 0.913 mg, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) – 0.114 mg, quinoline yellow dye (E104) – 0.247 mg, sunset yellow dye (E110) – 0.353 mg. 6 pcs. – blister contour packages (1) – cardboard packs. 6 pcs. – blister contour packages (2) – cardboard packs. 10 pieces. – blister contour packages (1) – cardboard packs. 10 pieces. – blister contour packages (2) – cardboard packs. 6 pcs. – polymer jars (1) – cardboard packs. 10 pieces. – polymer jars (1) – cardboard packs. 20 pcs. – polymer jars (1) – cardboard packs. Pharmacological action Low molecular weight synthetic interferon inducer that stimulates the formation of alpha, beta, gamma interferons in the body. The main structures that produce interferon in response to the administration of tilorone are intestinal epithelial cells, hepatocytes, T-lymphocytes, neutrophils and granulocytes. After taking the drug orally, the maximum production of interferon is determined in the sequence intestine-liver-blood after 4-24 hours. Amiksin® has an immunomodulatory and antiviral effect. Induces the synthesis of interferon in human leukocytes. Stimulates bone marrow stem cells, depending on the dose, enhances antibody formation, reduces the degree of immunosuppression, restores the ratio of T-suppressors and T-helpers. Effective against various viral infections (including those caused by influenza viruses, other pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections, viruses, herpes). The mechanism of antiviral action is associated with inhibition of the translation of virus-specific proteins in infected cells, as a result of which viral reproduction is suppressed. Pharmacokinetics Absorption After taking the drug orally, tilorone is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is about 60%. Distribution: Binding to blood plasma proteins – about 80%. Metabolism and excretion Tiloron does not undergo biotransformation and does not accumulate in the body. It is excreted almost unchanged in feces (about 70%) and urine (about 9%). T1/2 is 48 hours. Indications In adults - for the prevention and treatment of influenza and ARVI; - for the treatment of viral hepatitis A, B and C; - for the treatment of herpes infection; - for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection; - as part of complex therapy of allergic and viral encephalomyelitis (including disseminated encephalomyelitis, leukoencephalitis, uveoencephalitis); - as part of complex therapy of urogenital and respiratory diseases; - as part of complex therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. In children over 7 years of age - for the treatment of influenza and ARVI. Dosage regimen The drug is taken orally after meals. In adults, for nonspecific viral prevention, the drug is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg once a week for 6 weeks. Course dose – 750 mg (6 tablets). When treating a viral infection, the dose of the drug on the first day is 125 mg 2 times a day, then switch to taking 125 mg after 48 hours. The course of treatment is 1.25 g (10 tablets). When treating acute B, in the initial phase of treatment on the first and second days, the dose of the drug is 125 mg/day, and then 125 mg after 48 hours. The course of treatment is 2 g (16 tablets). In case of protracted hepatitis B, on the first day the dose of the drug is 125 mg 2 times a day, then 125 mg after 48 hours. The course dose is 2.5 g (20 tablets). For chronic hepatitis B in the initial phase of treatment, the total dose is 2.5 g (20 tablets). In the first 2 days, the daily dose is 250 mg, then switch to taking 125 mg after 48 hours. In the continuation phase of treatment, the total dose ranges from 1.25 g (10 tablets) to 2.5 g (20 tablets), while the drug is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg per week. The course dose of Amiksin varies from 3.75 to 5 g, the duration of treatment is 3.5-6 months, depending on the results of biochemical, immunological and morphological studies, reflecting the degree of activity of the process. In acute cases, on the first and second days of treatment, Amiksin® is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg/day, then 125 mg after 48 hours. The course dose is 2.5 g (20 tablets). For chronic in the initial phase of treatment, the total dose is 2.5 g (20 tablets). In the first 2 days, the drug is taken at a dose of 250 mg/day, then 125 mg after 48 hours. In the continuation phase of treatment, the total dose is 2.5 g (20 tablets), while the drug is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg per week. The course dose of Amiksin is 5 g (40 tablets), the duration of treatment is 6 months, depending on the results of biochemical, immunological and morphological studies, reflecting the degree of activity of the process. For complex therapy of neuroviral infections - 125-250 mg/day in the first two days of treatment, then 125 mg after 48 hours. The dose is set individually, the duration of treatment is 3-4 weeks. For the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in the first 2 days of illness, Amiksin® is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg/day, then 125 mg after 48 hours. The course dose is 750 mg (6 tablets). To prevent influenza and ARVI, Amiksin® is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg once a week for 6 weeks. Course dose – 750 mg (6 tablets). For the treatment of herpetic, cytomegalovirus infections, the dose of the drug in the first 2 days is 125 mg, then take 125 mg every 48 hours. The course dose is 1.25-2.5 g (10-20 tablets). For urogenital and respiratory infections, Amiksin® is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg/day for the first 2 days, then 125 mg every 48 hours. The course dose is 1.25 g (10 tablets). For complex therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis, in the first 2 days the drug is prescribed at 250 mg/day, then 125 mg every 48 hours. The course dose is 2.5 g (20 tablets). For children over 7 years of age with uncomplicated forms of influenza or other acute respiratory viral infections, the drug is prescribed in a dose of 60 mg (1 tablet) 1 time/day after meals on the 1st, 2nd and 4th day from the start of treatment. Course dose – 180 mg (3 tablets). If complications of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections develop, the drug is taken 60 mg 1 time / day on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th day from the start of treatment. Course dose – 240 mg (4 tablets). Side effects From the digestive system: symptoms of dyspepsia are possible. Other: short-term chills and allergic reactions are possible. Contraindications for use: pregnancy; - period of breastfeeding; - children under 7 years of age; - increased sensitivity to the drug. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding Amiksin® is contraindicated for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Use in children Contraindication: children under 7 years of age. Special instructions Amiksin® is compatible with antibiotics and traditional treatments for viral and bacterial infections. Overdose To date, cases of overdose of the drug Amiksin® are unknown. Drug interactions No clinically significant drug interactions between Amiksin and antibiotics and traditional treatments for viral and bacterial infections have been identified. Conditions and periods of storage The drug should be stored out of the reach of children, in a dry place, protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 30°C. Shelf life – 3 years. Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies The drug is available without a prescription.

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Lymphomyosot

Lymphomyosot is a strong homeopathic remedy with immunomodulator properties.

Lymphomyosot is a homeopathic remedy with immunomodulator properties. Lymphomyosot improves the absorption of all medications, in many cases making it possible to reduce their dosage and prevent side effects. Lymphomyosot also fights edema well, has a lymphatic drainage effect, normalizing the exchange of fluids in the human body.

In addition to the effect of activating metabolic processes and strengthening the ability of the immune system to resist, Lymphomyosot removes harmful chemical compounds from the body. Used to treat diseases of the ENT organs, skin diseases, tumors, asthenia, etc.

Lymphomyosot is contraindicated in the presence of diseases of the thyroid gland and liver.

Doctors of any specialty encounter clinical manifestations of immune system deficiency (primarily this is manifested by the presence of a chronic inflammatory process or often recurrent diseases such as acute respiratory infections, bronchitis, herpes, furunculosis, etc.). However, many still have prejudices regarding the advisability of using immunomodulators. This opinion was formed, on the one hand, as a consequence of the difficulty of interpreting, and often the impossibility of performing, immunological tests, and on the other hand, the low efficiency of first-generation immunomodulators. However, over the past 10 years, knowledge of how the immune system works has deepened and new highly effective and safe drugs have been created, without the use of which the treatment of many diseases is impossible today.
The diagram below shows almost all immunomodulators actually present on the pharmaceutical market in Russia. This article provides a brief description of only a part of them, namely the latest generation of domestic immunomodulators.
Immunomodulators are drugs with immunotropic activity, which in therapeutic doses restore the functions of the immune system (effective immune defense) (Khaitov R.M., Pinegin B.V.). The simplest and most convenient classification of immunomodulators by origin, developed at the Institute of Immunology. According to this classification, immunomodulators are divided into three groups: endogenous, exogenous and synthetic. Immunomodulators of endogenous origin include immunoregulatory peptides and cytokines, as well as their recombinant or synthetic analogues. The vast majority of exogenous immunomodulators are substances of microbial origin, mainly bacterial and fungal. The 3rd group of immunomodulators includes synthetic substances obtained as a result of directed chemical synthesis.
Immunomodulators of endogenous origin
Currently, immunoregulatory peptides obtained from the central organs of immunity (thymus and bone marrow), cytokines, interferons and effector proteins of the immune system (immunoglobulins) are used as immunomodulators of endogenous origin.
Immunoregulatory peptides obtained from the central organs of the immune system
First generation immunomodulators obtained from thymus tissue extracts include tactivin and thymalin.
Taktivin- a drug of polypeptide nature, obtained from the thymus gland of cattle. Normalizes the quantitative and functional indicators of the T-system of immunity, stimulates the production of lymphokines and other indicators of cellular immunity. Used in adults in complex therapy of infectious, purulent, septic processes, for lymphoproliferative diseases (lymphogranulomatosis, lymphocytic leukemia), recurrent ophthalmic herpes and other diseases accompanied by a predominant lesion of the T-immune system
Timalin- a complex of polypeptide fractions isolated from the thymus gland of cattle. Regulates the number of T- and B-lymphocytes, stimulates the cellular immune response; enhances phagocytosis. Used in adults and children as an immunostimulant and biostimulator in the complex therapy of diseases accompanied by a decrease in cellular immunity, including acute and chronic purulent processes and inflammatory diseases, burn disease, trophic ulcers, etc., as well as suppression of the immune system and hematopoietic functions after radiation or chemotherapy in cancer patients and other pathological processes.
All thymic drugs have a mild immunomodulatory effect, associated primarily with an increase in the number and functional activity of T-lymphocytes. But they have one drawback: they are an unseparated mixture of biologically active peptides and are quite difficult to standardize. Progress in the field of immunomodulators of thymic origin proceeded through the creation of 2nd and 3rd generation drugs, which are synthetic analogues of natural thymic hormones or fragments of these hormones with biological activity.
The first drug obtained in this direction was Thymogen- a synthetic dipeptide consisting of amino acid residues - glutamine and tryptophan. According to the indications for use, it is similar to other thymic immunomodulators and is used in the complex therapy of adults and children with acute and chronic infectious diseases accompanied by a decrease in cellular immunity, with inhibition of reparative processes after severe injuries (bone fractures), necrotic processes, as well as with other states of immunodeficiency.
The next stage in the creation of thymic drugs was the isolation of a biologically active fragment of one of the thymus hormones - thymopoietin - and the creation of a drug based on it Imunofan, which is 32-36 amino acid residues of thymopoietin. Imunofan has proven to be a highly effective means of restoring impaired immunological reactivity in chronic bacterial and viral infections, and surgical infections. In addition to stimulating immunological reactivity, Imunofan has a pronounced ability to activate the body's antioxidant system. These two properties of imunofan made it possible to recommend it in complex therapy of cancer patients not only to enhance immunity, but also to eliminate toxic free radicals and peroxide compounds. Imunofan is also used for hepatitis B and opportunistic infections in AIDS patients; brucellosis, long-term non-healing wounds of the extremities, purulent-septic postoperative complications; burn shock, acute burn toxemia, combined trauma. Imunofan is used for immunocorrection in allergic diseases and is approved for use in pediatrics.
Immunomodulators obtained from the bone marrow of mammals (pigs or calves) include: Myelopid. Myelopid contains six bone marrow-specific immune response mediators called myelopeptides (MPs). These substances have the ability to stimulate various parts of the immune response, especially humoral immunity. Each myelopeptide has a specific biological effect, the combination of which determines its clinical effect. MP-1 restores the normal balance of activity of T-helpers and T-suppressors. MP-2 suppresses the proliferation of malignant cells and significantly reduces the ability of tumor cells to produce toxic substances that suppress the functional activity of T-lymphocytes. MP-3 stimulates the activity of the phagocytic component of immunity and, therefore, increases anti-infective immunity. MP-4 affects the differentiation of hematopoietic cells, promoting their faster maturation, i.e., it has a leukopoietic effect. . In immunodeficiency states, the drug restores the indicators of the B- and T-immune systems, stimulates the production of antibodies and the functional activity of immunocompetent cells, and helps restore a number of other indicators of the humoral immunity.
Myelopid is used in adults with secondary immunodeficiency conditions with predominant damage to the humoral immune system, including to prevent infectious complications after surgery, trauma, osteomyelitis and other pathological processes accompanied by inflammatory complications, in nonspecific pulmonary diseases, chronic respiratory diseases in the acute stage (laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia); for chronic pyoderma, atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, etc., for acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin T- and B-cell lymphomas.
Cytokines
Cytokines are low molecular weight hormone-like biomolecules produced by activated immunocompetent cells and are regulators of intercellular interactions. There are several groups of them - interleukins (about 12), growth factors (epidermal, nerve growth factor), colony-stimulating factors, chemotactic factors, tumor necrosis factor. Interleukins are the main participants in the development of the immune response to the introduction of microorganisms, the formation of an inflammatory reaction, the implementation of antitumor immunity, etc. In Russia, the production of two recombinant interleukins has been mastered: Betaleukin and Roncoleukin.
Betaleikin- recombinant human interleukin-1b (IL-1). IL-1 production is carried out primarily by monocytes and macrophages. IL-1 synthesis begins in response to the introduction of microorganisms or tissue damage and triggers a complex of protective reactions that constitute the body's first line of defense. One of the main properties of IL-1 is its ability to stimulate functions and increase the number of leukocytes. Betaleukin increases the production of interferons and interleukins, increases the production of antibodies, increases the number of platelets, and accelerates reparative processes in damaged tissues.
Indications for the use of Betaleukin as an immunostimulant are secondary immunodeficiency conditions that develop after severe injuries as a result of purulent-septic and purulent-destructive processes, after extensive surgical interventions, as well as in chronic septic conditions. The indication for the use of Betaleukin as a stimulator of leukopoiesis is toxic leukopenia of II-IV degrees, complicating chemotherapy and radiotherapy of malignant tumors.
Roncoleukin is recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2). IL-2 is produced in the body by helper T lymphocytes and plays a key role in the initiation and development of the immune response. The drug stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes, activates them, as a result of which they turn into cytotoxic and killer cells capable of destroying a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and malignant cells. IL-2 enhances the formation of immunoglobulins by B cells, activates the function of monocytes and tissue macrophages. In general, IL-2 has an immunomodulatory effect aimed at enhancing the antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antitumor immune response.
Ronkoleikin used in the complex treatment of sepsis and severe infectious and inflammatory processes of various localizations (peritonitis, endometritis, abscesses, meningitis, mediastenitis, osteomyelitis, pancreatitis, paranephritis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, pleurisy, salpingitis, soft tissue phlegmon) as well as burn disease, tuberculosis, chronic hepatitis C, mycoses, chlamydia, chronic herpes. Roncoleukin in combination with alpha-interferon is an effective immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of disseminated kidney cancer. The drug has been found to be highly effective in the treatment of bladder cancer, stage III-IV colorectal cancer, brain tumors, malignant disseminated melanoma of the skin, malignant neoplasms of the mammary glands, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer.
Interferons
Interferons are protective substances of a protein nature that are produced by cells in response to the penetration of viruses, as well as to the influence of a number of other natural or synthetic compounds (interferon inducers). Interferons are factors of nonspecific protection of the body from viruses, bacteria, chlamydia, pathogenic fungi, tumor cells, but at the same time they can also act as regulators of intercellular interactions in the immune system. From this position, they belong to immunomodulators of endogenous origin.
Three types of human interferons have been identified: a-interferon (leukocyte), b-interferon (fibroblastic) and g-interferon (immune). g-Interferon has less antiviral activity, but plays a more important immunoregulatory role. Schematically, the mechanism of action of interferon can be represented as follows: interferons bind to a specific receptor in the cell, which leads to the cell’s synthesis of about thirty proteins, which provide the above-mentioned effects of interferon. In particular, regulatory peptides are synthesized that prevent the virus from entering the cell, the synthesis of new viruses in the cell, and stimulate the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and macrophages.
In Russia, the history of the creation of interferon drugs begins in 1967, the year it was first created and introduced into clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of influenza and ARVI. human leukocyte interferon. Currently, several modern alpha-interferon preparations are produced in Russia, which, based on production technology, are divided into natural and recombinant.
A representative of a new generation of natural interferons is the drug Leukocyte interferon for injection, containing all subtypes of alpha interferons in a natural, physiological ratio. It is used in oncology in the complex treatment of melanoma, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.
Leukinferon- a complex preparation containing 10,000 IU of natural alpha-interferon and a complex of cytokines of the first phase of the immune response (interleukins 1,6 and 12, tumor necrosis factor, factors inhibiting the migration of macrophages and leukocytes). In addition to antiviral activity, the drug has a wide spectrum of immunomodulatory effects, in particular, it is able to activate almost all stages of the phagocytic process. Leukinferon is used to treat many viral diseases, bacterial infections, including sepsis and tuberculosis, chamidian, mycoplasma, herpetic infections, and oncological diseases.
Eye drops Lokferon also contain purified and concentrated human leukocyte interferon with an activity of 8,000 IU per vial. Used in the treatment of eye diseases of viral etiology.
A new direction is the rectal administration of interferon drugs. The use of interferon in the form of suppositories provides a simple, safe and painless method of administration and helps maintain high concentrations of interferon in the blood for a longer period. In Russia, such natural interferons are produced as with an activity of 40,000 IU per candle and Suppositoferon with an activity of 10,000, 20,000 or 30,000 IU. These drugs are used for various immunodeficiency conditions, acute and chronic viral hepatitis, urogenital infections, dysbiosis, ARVI, measles, chickenpox in children and adults.
The technology for the production of natural interferons has certain limitations associated with the need for large quantities of leukomass and the difficulty of obtaining interferon with high activity in sufficient quantities. The genetic engineering method for producing recombinant interferon allows one to overcome these obstacles; moreover, the genetic engineering method makes it possible to obtain various types of interferons in their pure form. 5 domestic preparations of recombinant interferon-alpha2b are produced.
At the State Scientific Center NPO "Vector" under the name Reaferon-EC Recombinant interferon alpha-2b is produced with an activity of 1, 3 or 5 million IU in an ampoule intended for intramuscular administration. Interferon ointment is also produced here, containing 10,000 IU of interferon-alpha2b per 1 g. Recombinant interferon alpha-2 was also developed at the State Research Center "State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biological Preparations". Recombinant alpha interferon preparations are used to treat viral infections (mainly chronic viral hepatitis), as well as in the treatment of certain oncological diseases (cancer and melanoma).
Viferon, which includes interferon alpha-2b, as well as antioxidants vitamin E and ascorbic acid. Viferon is available in the form of rectal suppositories in four dosages: 150,000 IU, 500,000 IU, 1 million IU and 3 million IU per suppository, as well as in the form of an ointment containing 200,000 IU of interferon activity per 1 g. Viferon has significantly expanded indications for use compared to other interferon drugs. It can be used for almost any infectious pathology in any age group. Viferon has the most gentle effect on the immune system in weakened patients, newborns and premature infants with immature and imperfect antiviral and antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Therefore, Viferon is the only interferon drug recommended for the treatment of not only adults, but also newborn children and pregnant women. This is especially true for the treatment of viral, bacterial and chlamydial infections in pregnant women and newborns, when the use of other drugs is contraindicated.
Grippferon- a new dosage form of interferon-alpha-2b, intended for use in the form of nasal drops. Grippferon is used for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections.
Kipferon- a combined preparation containing recombinant interferon alpha-2b and a complex immunoglobulin preparation (a complex of human immunoglobulins of classes M, A, G). Kipferon is used vaginally or rectally in the complex treatment of chlamydia, herpetic infections of the genitourinary organs, papillomas and condylomas of the genital organs, acute and chronic prostatitis, bacterial colpitis of various etiologies (staphylococcal, trichomonas, chlamydial, etc.), vaginal dysbacteriosis accompanying inflammatory processes of the cervix and body and uterine appendages, preparation for planned gynecological operations and childbirth in order to prevent purulent-septic complications.
Immunoglobulins
Therapeutic serums were the prototype of modern immunoglobulin preparations, and some of them (antidiphtheria and antitetanus) have not lost their clinical significance to this day. However, the development of technology for processing blood products made it possible to implement the ideas of passive immunization, first in the form of concentrated immunoglobulin preparations for intramuscular administration, and then immunoglobulins for intravenous administration. For a long time, the effectiveness of immunoglobulin drugs was explained solely by the passive transfer of antibodies. By binding to the corresponding antigens, antibodies neutralize them, convert them into an insoluble form, as a result of which the mechanisms of phagocytosis, complement-dependent lysis and subsequent elimination of antigens from the body are triggered. However, in recent years, due to the proven effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulins in some autoimmune diseases, the immunomodulatory role of immunoglobulins is being actively studied. Thus, intravenous immunoglobulins were found to have the ability to change the production of interleukins and the level of expression of receptors for IL-2. The effect of immunoglobulin preparations on the activity of various subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and a stimulating effect on the processes of phagocytosis has also been demonstrated.
Intramuscular immunoglobulins, used clinically since the 50s, have relatively low bioavailability. Resorption of the drug is carried out from the injection site within 2-3 days and more than half of the drug is destroyed by proteolytic enzymes. In Russia, intramuscular immunoglobulins are produced that contain elevated titers of antibodies to antigens of certain pathogens: tick-borne encephalitis virus, influenza, herpes and cytomegalovirus, HBS antigen (Antihep).
Intravenous immunoglobulins have significant advantages because their use makes it possible to create effective concentrations of antibodies in the blood in the shortest possible time. Currently, a whole range of human immunoglobulins for intravenous administration are already produced in Russia (enterprises "Imbio", "Immunopreparat", Yekaterinburg and Khabarovsk State Enterprise for the production of bacterial preparations). However, foreign-made intravenous immunoglobulins are considered more effective (Pentaglobin, Cytotect, Intraglobin, Hepatect, Immunoglobulin Biochemi, Octagam, Sandoglobulin, Biaven V.I., Venoglubulin).
Intravenous immunoglobulins are used for primary immunodeficiencies (agammaglobulinemia, selective IgG deficiency, etc.), hypogammaglobulinemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, other autoimmune diseases, as well as for severe viral-bacterial infections, sepsis, for the prevention of infectious complications in premature infants.
Complex immunoglobulin preparation (CIP). CIP contains human immunoglobulins of three classes: Ig A (15-25%), Ig M (15-25%) and Ig G (50-70%). From all other immunoglobulin preparations, CIP is distinguished by a high content of Ig A and Ig M, an increased concentration of antibodies to gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria of the intestinal group (Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia, etc.), a high concentration of antibodies to rotaviruses, as well as an oral route of administration. CIP is used for acute intestinal infections, dysbiosis, chronic enterocolitis, allergic dermatoses combined with intestinal dysfunction.
Close to immunoglobulin drugs in terms of passive transfer of immunity is the drug Affinoleukin. It contains a complex of low-molecular proteins of human leukocyte extract that are capable of transferring immunoreactivity to antigens of common infectious diseases (herpes, staphylococcus, streptococcus, mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc.) and affinity binding to them. The administration of Afinoleukin leads to the induction of immunity against those antigens for which the leukocyte donors had immunological memory. The drug has undergone clinical trials in the treatment of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, hepatitis, and adenoviral infections in addition to the main therapy, which did not produce the expected results.
Immunomodulators of exogenous origin
Immunomodulators of exogenous origin include drugs of bacterial and fungal origin. Such products of microbial origin as BCG, pyrogenal, prodigiosan, sodium nucleinate, ribomunil, bronchomunal, etc. are approved for medical use. All of them have the ability to enhance the functional activity of neutrophils and macrophages.
The immunomodulatory role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been known for more than half a century. The BCG vaccine currently has no independent significance as an immunomodulator. An exception is the method of immunotherapy for bladder cancer, using vaccine "BCG-Imuron" . The BCG-Imuron vaccine is a live lyophilized bacteria of the BCG-1 vaccine strain. The drug is used as instillation into the bladder. Living mycobacteria, multiplying intracellularly, lead to nonspecific stimulation of the cellular immune response. BCG-Imuron is intended for the prevention of relapses of superficial bladder cancer after surgical removal of the tumor, as well as for the treatment of small bladder tumors that cannot be removed.
Study of the mechanism of the immunomodulatory effect of the BCG vaccine. showed that it is reproduced using the inner layer of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis - peptidoglycan, and the active principle in peptidoglycan is muramyl dipeptide, which is part of the peptidoglycan of the cell wall of almost all known gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, due to high pyrogenicity and other undesirable side effects, muramyl dipeptide itself turned out to be unsuitable for clinical use. Therefore, the search for its structural analogues began. This is how the drug appeared Lycopid(glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide), which, along with low pyrogenicity, has higher immunomodulatory potential.
Lykopid has an immunomodulatory effect primarily due to the activation of cells of the phagocytic immune system (neutrophils and macrophages). The latter, by phagocytosis, destroy pathogenic microorganisms and, at the same time, secrete mediators of natural immunity - cytokines (interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, colony stimulating factor, gamma interferon), which, affecting a wide range of target cells, cause further development protective reaction of the body. Ultimately, Lykopid affects all three main components of immunity: phagocytosis, cellular and humoral immunity, stimulates leukopoiesis and regenerative processes.
The main indications for prescribing licopid: chronic nonspecific lung diseases, both in the acute stage and in remission; acute and chronic purulent-inflammatory processes (postoperative, post-traumatic, wound), trophic ulcers; tuberculosis; acute and chronic viral infections, especially genital and labial herpes, herpetic keratitis and keratouveitis, herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus infection; lesions of the cervix caused by the human papillomavirus; bacterial and candidal vaginitis; urogenital infections.
The advantage of licopid is its ability to be used in pediatrics, including neonatology. Lykopid is used in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in full-term and premature infants. Likopid is used in the complex treatment of chronic viral hepatitis in children. Since Likopid is able to stimulate the maturation of glucuronyltransferase in the liver of newborns, its effectiveness in conjugative hyperbilirubinemia in the neonatal period is being tested.
Synthetic immunomodulators.
Synthetic immunomodulators are obtained by targeted chemical synthesis. This group includes such long-known drugs as levamisole and diucifon.
Representative of a new generation of synthetic immunomodulators - Polyoxidonium(N-oxidized high molecular weight polyethylene piperosine derivative). The drug has a wide spectrum of action. It stimulates the functional activity of phagocytes, which is manifested in the increased ability of phagocytes to absorb and digest microbes, in the formation of reactive oxygen species, and an increase in the migration activity of neutrophils. The overall consequence of the activation of natural immunity factors is an increase in resistance to bacterial and viral infections. Polyoxidonium also increases the functional activity of T- and B-lymphocytes and NK cells. It is also a powerful detoxifier because... has the ability to absorb various toxic substances on its surface and remove them from the body. This is due to its ability to reduce the toxicity of a number of drugs.
The drug has shown high effectiveness in all acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory processes of any location and any origin. Its use causes a more rapid cessation of the disease and the disappearance of all pathological manifestations. Due to its immunomodulatory, detoxifying, antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties, Polyoxidonium has taken leading positions in urology, gynecology, surgery, pulmonology, allergology and oncology practice. The drug combines well with all antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal agents, with interferons, their inducers, and is included in complex treatment regimens for many infectious diseases.
Polyoxidonium is one of the few immunomodulators recommended for use in acute infectious and allergic processes.
Glutoxim is the first and so far the only representative of a new class of substances - thiopoietins. Glutoxim is a chemically synthesized hexapeptide (bis-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-cysteinyl-bis-glycine disodium salt), which is a structural analogue of the natural metabolite - oxidized glutathione. Artificial stabilization of the disulfide bond of oxidized glutathione makes it possible to greatly enhance the physiological effects inherent in natural unmodified oxidized glutathione. Glutoxim activates the antiperoxide enzymes glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and glutathione peroxidase, which in turn activate intracellular reactions of thiol metabolism, as well as the processes of synthesis of sulfur- and phosphorus-containing high-energy compounds necessary for the normal functioning of intracellular regulatory systems. The operation of the cell in a new redox mode and changes in the dynamics of phosphorylation of key blocks of signal-transmitting systems and transcription factors, primarily immunocompetent cells, determine the immunomodulatory and systemic cytoprotective effect of the drug.
A special property of Glutoxim is its ability to have a differentiated effect on normal (stimulation of proliferation and differentiation) and transformed (induction of apoptosis - genetically programmed cell death) cells. The main immuno-physiological properties of the drug include activation of the phagocytosis system; strengthening of bone marrow hematopoiesis and restoration of the level of neutrophils and monocytes in the peripheral blood; increasing the endogenous production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF, INF, erythropoietin, reproducing the effects of IL-2 by inducing the expression of its receptors.
Glutoxim is used as a means of prevention and treatment of secondary immunodeficiency states associated with radiation, chemical and infectious factors; for tumors of any location as a component of antitumor therapy in order to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy, including the development of partial or complete resistance; for acute and chronic viral hepatitis (B and C) with the elimination of objective signs of chronic virus carriage; to potentiate the therapeutic effects of antibacterial therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; for the prevention of postoperative purulent complications; to increase the body's resistance to various pathological influences - infectious agents, chemical and/or physical factors (intoxication, radiation, etc.).
Active component of a new immunomodulator Galavita is a phthalhydroside derivative. Galavit has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Its main pharmacological effects are due to its ability to influence the functional and metabolic activity of macrophages. In inflammatory diseases, the drug reversibly inhibits for 6-8 hours the excessive synthesis of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, reactive oxygen species and other pro-inflammatory cytokines by hyperactivated macrophages, which determine the degree of inflammatory reactions, their cyclicity, as well as the severity of intoxication. Normalization of the regulatory function of macrophages leads to a decrease in the level of autoaggression. In addition to affecting the monocyte-macrophage link, the drug stimulates the microbicidal system of neutrophil granulocytes, enhancing phagocytosis and increasing the body's nonspecific resistance to infectious diseases, as well as antimicrobial protection.
Galavit is used for the pathogenetic treatment of acute infectious diseases (intestinal infections, hepatitis, erysipelas, purulent meningitis, genitourinary diseases, post-traumatic osteomyelitis, obstructive bronchitis, pneumonia) and chronic inflammatory diseases, including those with an autoimmune component in pathogenesis (peptic ulcer, nonspecific peptic ulcer colitis, Crohn's disease, liver damage of various etiologies, scleroderma, reactive arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet's syndrome, rheumatism, etc.), secondary immunological deficiency, as well as for the correction of immunity in cancer patients in the pre- and postoperative period receiving radiation and chemotherapy to prevent postoperative complications.
Synthetic immunomodulators also include most interferon inducers. Interferon inducers They are a heterogeneous family of high- and low-molecular synthetic and natural compounds, united by the ability to induce the formation of the body’s own (endogenous) interferon. Interferon inducers have antiviral, immunomodulatory and other effects characteristic of interferon.
Poludan(a complex of polyadenylic and polyuridic acids) is one of the very first interferon inducers, used since the 70s. Its interferon-inducing activity is low. Poludan is used in the form of eye drops and injections under the conjunctiva for herpetic keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis, as well as in the form of applications for herpetic vulvovaginitis and colpitis.
Amiksin- low molecular weight interferon inducer belonging to the class of fluoreons. Amiksin stimulates the formation of all types of interferons in the body: a, b and g. The maximum level of interferon in the blood is reached approximately 24 hours after taking Amiksin, increasing tens of times compared to its initial values. An important feature of Amiksin is the long-term circulation (up to 8 weeks) of therapeutic concentrations of interferon after a course of taking the drug. Significant and prolonged stimulation by Amiksin of the production of endogenous interferon ensures its universally wide range of antiviral activity. Amiksin also stimulates the humoral immune response, increasing the production of IgM and IgG, and restores the T-helper/T-suppressor ratio. Amiksin is used for the prevention of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, the treatment of severe forms of influenza, acute and chronic hepatitis B and C, recurrent genital herpes, cytomegalovirus infection, chlamydia, and multiple sclerosis.
Neovir- low molecular weight interferon inducer (carboxymethylacridone derivative). Neovir induces high titers of endogenous interferons in the body, especially early interferon alpha. The drug has immunomodulatory, antiviral and antitumor activity. Neovir is used for viral hepatitis B and C, as well as for urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis of chlamydial etiology, and viral encephalitis.
Cycloferon- a drug similar to neovir (methylglucamine salt of carboxymethylene acridone), a low-molecular-weight interferon inducer. The drug induces the synthesis of early alpha-interferon. In tissues and organs containing lymphoid elements, cycloferon induces a high level of interferon that persists for 72 hours. The main interferon-producing cells after the administration of Cycloferon are macrophages, T- and B-lymphocytes. Depending on the initial state, activation of one or another part of the immune system occurs. The drug induces high titers of alpha interferon in organs and tissues containing lymphoid elements (spleen, liver, lungs), activates bone marrow stem cells, stimulating the formation of granulocytes. Cycloferon activates T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells, normalizes the balance between subpopulations of T-helpers and T-suppressors. Crosses the blood-brain barrier. Cycloferon is effective against tick-borne encephalitis viruses, influenza, hepatitis, herpes, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, papilloma virus and other viruses. The drug has been found to be highly effective in the complex treatment of acute and chronic bacterial infections (chlamydia, erysipelas, bronchitis, pneumonia, postoperative complications , genitourinary infections, peptic ulcer) as a component of immunotherapy. Cycloferon is highly effective in rheumatic and systemic connective tissue diseases, suppressing autoimmune reactions and providing anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The immunomodulatory effect of Cycloferon is expressed in the correction of the body's immune status in immunodeficiency states of various origins and autoimmune diseases. Cycloferon is the only interferon inducer available in three forms: cycloferon in solution for injection, cycloferon in tablets and cycloferon liniment, each of which has its own application characteristics.

They are called immunomodulators, their components affect the immune system and make changes in the functioning of the immune system. Moreover, they can both enhance the body’s immune response - immunostimulants (sold here http://receptika.ua/immunomoduliruyuschie-sredstva), and reduce it - immunosuppressants. The latter, oddly enough, are also urgently needed. For example, with strong autoimmune processes in the body, when the immune system, as a result of a malfunction, fights normal organs and tissues.

When are immunomodulatory drugs needed?

Immunomodulators help increase the body's protective resources in case of allergies, chronic infections, immunodeficiencies, and tumors. These drugs do not treat the disease directly, but help the body cope with the disease on its own. Therefore, they are prescribed from the first days of therapy, in parallel with the main treatment (antiviral and antifungal drugs, antibiotics). In addition, an immunological blood test is performed. Immunomodulators are used independently for prophylaxis, after illness or in the postoperative period.

What are they?

1. Genetic (formed directly in the body). For example, interferons.
2. Exogenous (come into the body from the outside).
3. Bacterial lysates: IRS-19, Imudon, etc.
4. Herbal: for example, Immunal and other echinacea-based products.
5. Synthetic products (Levamisole, Polyoxidonium, Galavit, etc.).

Antiviral immunomodulatory drugs

Modern immunomodulatory drugs with an antiviral effect include: Anaferon, Genferon, Epigen Intim, Infagel, Amiksin, Lavomax, Arbidol and others. But there are side effects. Therefore, monitoring by an immunologist is necessary. A suitable product for children and pregnant women is Transfer Factor.

Herbal immunomodulators

Natural immunomodulatory agents are widely known medicinal herbs. They have a more harmonious effect on a person. Conventionally, two groups can be distinguished.

1. The first group includes plants with a special composition and a strong effect, capable of both boosting and reducing the activity of the immune system. They must be taken in a time-limited course under the supervision of an immunologist, accurately selecting the dosage, and performing blood tests to determine the immune status. This includes plants such as licorice, mistletoe and others.

2. The second group is plants that act gently and have a long-lasting stimulating effect without unwanted side effects: echinacea, cranberry, rose hips, thyme, St. John's wort, lemongrass, walnuts and pine nuts, kelp, elecampane, birch and many others. Based on them, many immunomodulatory agents have been created. Examples: Immunorm, Immunal, King Cordyceps dietary supplement, etc.

Are immune-regulating medications suitable for everyone?

Stimulation of the protective capabilities of the immune system is required during recovery and after surgery or injury. But an accurate dosage is necessary, taking into account the individual health status. As a result of uncontrolled long-term use of immunomodulatory drugs, exhaustion and a strong decrease in immunity occur. Immunomodulating drugs should not be used for autoimmune diseases: such as infectious nonspecific polyarthritis, diabetes mellitus, certain forms of bronchial asthma, multiple sclerosis and others.

Immunomodulatory drugs in childhood

Immunomodulators should be given to a child carefully, since the immune system has not yet been formed and can be easily harmed. Frequently ill children should be used no more than twice a year. Up to one and a half years they are given only in case of severe illness. Natural herbal remedies are good for maintaining immunity: aloe, eucalyptus, propolis, rose hips, honey (if there is no allergy), beets, cabbage, radish, onions, garlic, etc. Some of them have age restrictions: for example, raw garlic and onions cannot be given until three years of age.

Immunomodulators include drugs that directly affect the immune system and can correct its activity. It is possible to raise immune parameters only to the level of physiological parameters considered normal for the human body. The presented list of ratings of the best immunomodulators includes drugs that effectively increase immune responses.

Medicines are used to treat indolent infectious and allergic diseases and a weakened state of the body. Such remedies are especially relevant in the off-season in autumn and spring, when cold, damp weather contributes to an increase in colds.

It is better to take care of your health in advance and take preventive measures yourself to remain a healthy, productive person.

The list is compiled based on positive reviews of people who have undergone prevention or treatment with the means listed below.

Rating of the best immunomodulators - list of drugs

1. Interferon (Sotex PharmFirm, Russia). The most popular endogenous immunostimulating agent. Increases the resistance of healthy cells to pathogenic viruses. Has high biological activity. The main use is the prevention of influenza and ARVI. The solution is instilled into the nasal passages or sprayed. High efficiency, safety and affordable price put interferon first in the ranking of immunomodulators.

• Bottle of solution 1000 IU/ml 5 ml - 115 rub.

2. Echinacea-Vilar (Pharm center VILAR CJSC, RF). Purple Echinacea Juice and Herb on the basis of which the medicine is made is deservedly considered one of the best natural immunomodulators. Stimulates cellular immunity, improves immune status.

It is used to increase the body's protective function in case of frequently recurring inflammatory diseases and for immunostimulation. It is used for internal use in the form of drops diluted with a small amount of water.

• A bottle of juice with alcohol content 50 ml - 114 RUR.

3. Grippferon (Firn M, Russia). Active substance interferon alpha-2b. A powerful prophylactic drug to prevent influenza and ARVI. Stops the development of the disease if taken in a timely manner at the very initial stage of its development. Guaranteed protection against colds by 96%.

It is successfully used for prevention, as well as during epidemics in large groups. After administration, after a short period of time, there is a relief of inflammatory symptoms: runny nose, painful sensations in the oropharynx, normalization of body temperature.

• Nasal drops 10,000 IU/ml 10 ml - 260 rub.

4. Arbidol (Pharmstandard, Tomsk). Active ingredient umifenovir. Pronounced immunomodulator with antiviral action. Increases the body's defenses against various types of infections, reduces the risk of developing secondary infections and complications, and increases immunological parameters to normal. Area of ​​application: prevention and treatment of influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia, infectious diseases caused by the herpes simplex virus.

• Cost of tab. 50 mg, 20 pcs. - 168 rub.

5. Immunal (Lek, Slovenia). Natural remedy based echinacea herb juice. Has a pronounced immunostimulating effect. Suppresses the growth of pathogenic bacteria, including influenza and herpes viruses. Used to strengthen the immune system to prevent acute respiratory viral infections and increase the body's resistance during long-term use of antibiotics and other conditions associated with immune deficiency.

Regular Echinacea tincture is much cheaper in price than Immunal, but many prefer the more convenient tablet form and are willing to pay more for convenient use. Thanks to its natural composition and reasonable price, the medicine deservedly took fifth place in the rating.

• Cost of tab. 80 mg 20 pieces - 250 rubles.

6. Ribomunil (Pierre Fabre Medicine, France). It is included in the rating of the best immunomodulators with a high degree of safety - it is approved for use in children from the age of six months. Active ingredient bacterial ribosomes increase the body's immunity to pathogenic infections.

Used as preventive measures to reduce the risk of ENT diseases and diseases caused by respiratory tract infections. Recommended for patients prone to frequent colds with repeated relapses, as well as for elderly people.

• Price of tablets 0.75 mg, 4 pcs. - 390 rubles.

7. Derinat (Federal Law Immunolex, Russian Federation). A strong, safe modeling agent. Active substance sodium deoxyribonucleate. Approved for use by adults and children from the first day of life. The medicine stimulates different parts of the defense system.

Promotes the development of resistance to microbial, fungal and viral infections. Enhances the physiological regeneration of tissues and organs, activates the immune response to bacterial antigens.

• Price of a bottle of 0.25% 10 ml - 254 rub.

8. Anaferon (Materia Medica, Russia). Medicine with homeopathic composition immunomodulating effect. Area of ​​application: prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza and diseases caused by the herpes virus. The drug is popular among people who resort to homeopathy.

The undoubted advantage of Anaferon is the absence of contraindications for use, except for individual intolerance to the components in the composition. Approved for use by adults over 18 years of age. “Anaferon for children” is also produced for persons no older than eighteen years of age.

• Tablets 20 pieces - 194 rub.

9. Immunorm Teva (Israel). Medicine with herbal composition based on echinacea purpurea. Activates immunity at the cellular level. Has anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a preventive measure for those prone to colds characterized by frequent relapses.

• Cost of tablets 100 mg 20 pcs. - 172 rubles.

10. Stimmunal (Evalar, Russia). Another drug included in the rating of the best immunomodulators to enhance the body's protective functions. The recipe includes Echinacea purpurea extract And ascorbic acid. Strengthens immune reactions, strengthens weakened cells, removes oxygen radicals, and prevents allergies.

• Price tab. 500 milligrams 20 pieces - 168 rubles.

Some medications have serious restrictions on their use; allergic reactions and side effects are possible. When choosing a medication, be sure to consult your doctor.

Four drugs out of ten presented in the rating contain echinacea extract. This suggests that people in most cases prefer natural, inexpensive and safe products with a low percentage of contraindications.

Let's look at the options for immunomodulators, a list of effective drugs for colds, the prices of which depend on the region.

Injection solutions: “Neovir”, “Altevir”, “Reaferon EC”, “Ridostin”, “Ingaron”, “Cycloferon”, “Timogen”, “Erbisol”, “Timalin”.

Powder: "Reaferon EU".

Immunostimulants for children

The child’s immunity is in the process of formation; any interventions that are not justified by extreme necessity can only do harm. Until the age of one, it is better not to know what immunomodulatory drugs are; they are prescribed only for severe diseases. The process of formation of protective mechanisms itself occurs as a response to the ingress of viruses and bacteria. Therefore, you should not immediately grab the pills; it is important to follow this natural path.

It is preferable to strengthen the body and restore strength with natural products, after making sure that there is no allergic reaction. For children over 1 year of age, manufacturers are developing convenient forms and acceptable dosages, for example, “Tsitovir-3” in the form of syrup or powder for preparing a suspension is prescribed to frequently ill children during the period of ARVI.

Only a doctor should make appointments. For this reason, we do not provide detailed descriptions and ratings of children's immunomodulators or drug names. Self-medication is unacceptable here; it is very easy to break the fine line, and recovery may take years.

Our health depends on many factors. Despite the fact that the properties of immunity have not been fully studied, it plays one of the main roles.

Uncontrolled use of medications, stress, and lack of sleep have a great impact on the functioning of the immune system. Its formation, maintenance, restoration is a long painstaking work of nature, medicine and, of course, man himself. For many decades, science has been studying immunomodulators and their effect on the body, creating more and more advanced drugs. The main task is to do our best to help preserve the natural protective mechanisms inherent from birth and strengthen them.

Monitor the well-being and health of your loved ones with Tsitovir-3.