home Audience 3 Fracture of the forearm. Fracture of the radius in a typical location

Fracture of the forearm. Fracture of the radius in a typical location

Fracture of the bones of the forearm. One of the most common skeletal injuries. According to various foreign and domestic authors, the frequency of fractures of the bones of the forearm ranges from 11.3-30.5% of the total number of fractures.

Fracture of the olecranon.

The result of a fall on the elbow, a blow to the elbow area, or a sharp contraction of the triceps (the muscle that extends the forearm).
The area of the elbow joint is cyanotic, edematous, deformed. The straightened arm of the patient hangs down. When you try to move, there is a sharp pain. When the fragments are displaced, the patient cannot independently straighten the forearm.
In case of a fracture of the olecranon without displacement, a plaster is applied to the elbow joint bent at an angle of 90 degrees. The term of immobilization is 3-4 weeks. In case of a fracture of the olecranon with a displacement of bone fragments by more than 5 mm, osteosynthesis is performed.

Fracture of the coronoid process.

The injury is the result of a fall on a bent elbow. Examination reveals hematoma and edema in the region of the cubital fossa. Forearm flexion is limited. When probing, pain is determined in the region of the cubital fossa.
In case of fractures without displacement, a splint is applied to the elbow joint bent at an angle of 90 degrees for 3-4 weeks. When a fragment of the process is wedged into the elbow joint, an operation is performed to remove it.
Fracture of the neck and head of the radius.
The reason is a fall on a straight arm. There is swelling and pain just below the elbow joint. Forearm flexion is limited. There are sharp pains during the rotation of the forearm outwards.
In case of fractures without displacement, a splint is applied to the area of the bent elbow joint for 3 weeks. In case of displacement, osteosynthesis is indicated, in case of fragmentation, removal of the ray head.

Diaphyseal fracture of the ulna.

The mechanism of damage is a direct blow to the forearm. When examining a patient with a fracture of the ulna, edema, deformity, sharp pains are detected during probing, axial load and compression of the forearm from the sides. Movement is limited.
In case of a fracture of the ulna without displacement, the traumatologist fixes the bent forearm for 4-6 weeks. The splint necessarily captures two adjacent joints - the wrist and elbow. In case of a fracture of the ulna with a displacement, reposition is preliminarily performed.

Diaphyseal fracture of the radius.

It develops with a direct blow to the forearm. When examining a patient with a fracture of the radius, deformity, edema, mobility of fragments, sharp pains when probing the injury site and axial load are detected. Active rotation of the forearm is not possible.
In case of fractures of the radius without displacement, a plaster splint is applied, capturing two adjacent joints (wrist and ulna) on the bent forearm. Immobilization for a period of 4-5 weeks. In case of fractures of the radius with displacement, reposition is preliminarily performed. The immobilization period in this case is 5-6 weeks.

Diaphyseal fracture of both bones of the forearm.

Widespread damage. Occurs with an indirect (fall on the arm) or direct (hit on the forearm) injury. Almost always accompanied by displacement of fragments. Due to the contraction of the membrane located between the bones, the fragments of the radius and ulna usually approach each other.
The forearm is deformed, shortened. The patient holds the limb with a healthy hand. Mobility of fragments is revealed, sharp pain when probing the injury site, axial load and lateral compression of the forearm away from the fracture site of the forearm bones.
In case of fractures of the bones of the forearm without displacement, a splint is applied to the bent arm, capturing two adjacent joints, for up to 8 weeks. In case of fractures of the bones of the forearm with displacement, reposition is preliminarily performed. If it is impossible to compare and / or hold the fragments, osteosynthesis is performed using external, intraosseous or external metal structures.
Osteosynthesis is absolutely indicated in the case of angular or secondary displacement, interposition of soft tissues, as well as displacement of fragments by half or more of the diameter of the bones. After surgery for fractures of the bones of the forearm, plaster is applied for 10-12 weeks.

Montage fracture.

Combined damage, including a fracture of the ulna, combined with a dislocation of the head of the radius, and often with damage to the branch of the ulnar nerve. Occurs when falling on the arm or repelling a blow with a raised and bent forearm.
Depending on the displacement of the fragments, flexion (fragments of the ulna are displaced posteriorly, the head of the radius - anteriorly; as a result, an anteriorly open angle is formed) and extensor (fragments of the ulna are displaced anteriorly, the head of the radius - outwards and posteriorly; as a result, an angle open posteriorly is formed ) Montage fractures.
Shortening of the damaged forearm is revealed, protrusion from the side of the radius and retraction - from the side of the ulna, springy resistance when trying to passively flex. To confirm a Montage fracture, x-rays are taken to capture the area of injury and the elbow joint.
In case of flexion fractures of Monteggia, the traumatologist performs reposition and reduction of the dislocation. Then the limb is fixed in an extended position with the palm turned up for 6-8 weeks. With Montage extensor fractures, after reposition and reduction of the dislocation, the arm is fixed for 4-5 weeks in the position with the palm up, and then the palm is transferred to the middle position and a splint is applied for another 4-6 weeks. The operation is performed when one-stage reposition is impossible, with interposition of soft tissues and rupture of the annular ligament.

Galeazzi fracture.

Combined damage, including a fracture of the beam in the lower third, combined with a dislocation of the head of the ulna. Occurs when hitting the forearm or falling on a straight arm. In this case, the fragments of the beam are displaced anteriorly, and the head of the ulna - towards the palm or rear.
The examination reveals a bulge on the forearm from the side of the palm and retraction - from the rear. The axis of the radius is curved. The head of the ulna can be felt in the area of the wrist joint on its ulnar side. When pressed, the head is reduced, but when the pressure stops, it dislocates again. To confirm a Galeazzi fracture, x-rays are taken of the joint and the area of injury.
Reposition is performed, a plaster cast is applied for a period of 8-10 weeks. If fragments cannot be matched and/or held, surgery is indicated.

Fracture of the radius in a typical location.

Widespread damage. Elderly women are more often affected. The cause of the injury is a fall on a straight arm with an emphasis on the palm, less often on the back of the hand. The integrity of the bone is broken 2-3 cm above the wrist joint.
There are flexion and extensor fractures of the radius in a typical location. More often, extensor fractures of the radius occur in a typical place, characterized by a displacement of the distal (located further from the body) fragment to the radial side and to the rear and some of its turn outwards. The proximal (located closer to the body) fragment is displaced to the ulnar and palmar sides.
With a flexion fracture of the radius in a typical place, the peripheral fragment is displaced towards the palm and turns slightly inward, while the central fragment is displaced to the rear and turns slightly outward.
The forearm above the wrist joint is edematous, cyanotic, deformed, sharply painful on palpation and axial load. With concomitant damage to the branches of the median and radial nerve, sensory disturbances, restriction of movements of the fourth finger are revealed.
In case of fractures of the radius without displacement, a splint is applied to the arm for a period of 3-4 weeks. In case of displaced fractures, reposition is preliminarily performed (usually manual, less often hardware), after which plaster is applied for a period of 4-5 weeks. For nerve damage, patients are prescribed thyrocalcitonin, anabolic hormones, neostigmine, and B vitamins.

In the article, we will consider the options for fractures of the radius, each of which has its own personal code according to ICD 10 (International Classification of Diseases). Each of the possible types of fracture has its own characteristics of occurrence, namely, the mechanisms of injury, subjective and objective changes, as well as methods for their treatment.

A fracture of the radius has a different code for ICD 10 depending on its type. All fractures in this area are classified in relation to their localization or the mechanism of causing the traumatic factor.

This type of fracture is one of the most common among the injuries of the "beam" in patients entering the emergency department. Its feature is the location of the fracture line, it is located approximately 2.5 cm above the wrist joint.

. The transverse direction of the fracture line slightly above the wrist is characterized by a posterior displacement of the distal bone fragment. It most often occurs in older people, especially in postmenopausal women due to osteoporosis that has developed and progresses over time.

Important! The frequency of injuries of the distal part of the radius in women over 50 years of age ranges from 12% to 52.7%, when at the same age among the male population, the frequency of fractures in this area does not exceed 6.2%, as evidenced by a significant decrease in bone density in women after the onset of menopause.

In order to "earn" this type of injury, it is enough to fall on an outstretched arm, unbent at the wrist joint. At the same time, at the moment of fracture, the distal fragment of the bone is displaced posteriorly, deviated and shortened.

Such movement of the fragments determines the objective sign characteristic of this fracture - the appearance of the hand like a "dinner fork", which arose due to the posterior surface of the forearm curved backwards in the area of the radiocarpal joint (LCJ). Subjectively, patients feel pain and increased local sensitivity at the fracture site.

. In contrast to the Colles fracture, there is its mirror counterpart. The word "mirror" means an exact copy of the fracture, but with the movement of fragments in the opposite direction.

With a Smith fracture, the distal fragment is shifted anteriorly. A similar type of injury is formed, on the contrary, when falling on the rear of the hand. An objective sign, namely, the deformity of the hand is the opposite of Colles, and is called the "garden shovel" because of its shape.

Attention! Interestingly, a fracture of the distal metaepiphysis of the radius according to the ICD has a single code - S52.5 for both Colles and Smith type fractures.

Therapeutic tactics

When making a diagnosis of a fracture of the radius according to ICD 10 S52.5, treatment directly depends on one factor - the presence or absence of displacement of fragments. In view of the fact that displacement occurs in Colles and Smith fractures, the degree of how much the bone fragments have shifted relative to the normal axis is determined first of all.

With little or no displacement, a conservative tactic is preferred with a splint placed on the back of the hand and arm to fix the fragments. In the future, a couple of days later, the injured limb is plastered.

Attention! Circular gypsum casting is usually not performed at first due to edema, which can increase significantly during the first day after the fracture.

The presence of displacement a priori requires anesthesia, which is usually local or regional. The orthopedic doctor performs manual traction for the hand along the length of the radius, which allows you to restore the correct axis of the forearm.

Sometimes pressure is required on the distal bone fragment to push it into place. This procedure is shown in detail in the video in this article.

After such a manipulation, control is carried out using X-ray to determine the position of the bone fragments, and fixation with a plaster splint. To prevent edema, a patient diagnosed with a fracture of the radius, ICD code S52.5, is advised to keep the upper limb in a vertical position if possible.

Combined damage

The concept of combined damage to the radius includes a combination of its fracture with another type of injury, such as dislocation. An example of such an injury is Barton's fracture - a fracture of the intra-articular distal part of the radius, combined with a dislocation in the LAS.

The wrist joint, which is in a state of extension and pronation, plus a strong blow on the back surface of the joint space, becomes the culprit of such damage. The case history of a Burton-type fracture of the radius differs from Smith and Colles precisely in the presence of a dislocation in the joint, which is determined both clinically and radiologically.

Conservative treatment is possible in case of full restoration of the correct axis, however, in some cases, it requires a transition to surgical intervention - closed fixation.

X-ray and fracture variant	Description of damage
	On the radiograph, an extra-articular fracture of the radius in its lower third near the LZS, which has a transverse orientation, is determined;
	The fracture site coincides with that of Smith's fracture, however, unlike the latter, there is a deviation of the bone fragment to the back;
	On the presented radiograph, attention is drawn to the fracture site, namely the intra-articular part of the radius, combined with dislocation in this joint.

Another example of a combined injury of the forearm with involvement of the radius is the Galeazzi fracture. It is characterized by a fracture of the radius in its lower third, combined with a dislocation of the same bone from the wrist joint.

There is a characteristic clinical sign by which one can suspect the presence of a Galeazzi fracture. Its appearance is associated with instability of the radioulnar joint, in which, when pressure is applied to the area of the radius, a sign of "piano keys" appears.

Attention! You should always pay attention to the clinic from which the patient comes, since the price of objective signs in some cases exceeds additional methods of treatment.

The goal of treating a patient with such a fracture is to restore the length and integrity of the bone, as well as stability in the injured joint. Therefore, the most effective method is open surgical reduction, during which a compression plate is applied to the surface of the radius.

Important! In the event that an incorrectly fused fracture of the radius has occurred, according to ICD 10, it is recorded under the number M84.

Fractures of the radius in other locations

As stated earlier, depending on the location of the injury, there are different types of fractures. In addition to a fracture of the radius in a typical location near the LAS, there is also a fracture of the head of the radius according to ICD 10 code S52.1, which is intra-articular, since this part of the bone is the anatomical and functional unit of the elbow joint.

Despite the isolation of the injury, this does not prevent this fracture from being complex. Its treatment differs depending on the passage of the fracture line and the presence or absence of fragments.

Thus, the treatment of an injury of a fracture of the head of the radius, ICD code S52.1, is overwhelmingly operative. Conservative management of the patient is possible only in the case of a marginal fracture without any movement of fragments, which is rare.

Unwanted Complications

All complications are divided into early and late, depending on the period of their occurrence after the formation of the fracture:

carpal tunnel syndrome;
improper fusion of bone fragments;
radioulnar discrepancy.

In the first case, excessive swelling leads to compression from the outside of the median nerve, causing the characteristic symptoms of this syndrome. The patient's complaints include pain, numbness, tingling and burning sensation in the fingers of the hand, which receive sensory innervation from this nerve, namely the thumb, index, middle and inner surface of the ring finger.

The completeness and brilliance of symptoms varies depending on the level of compression of the median nerve (English, median nerve), as well as the degree of compression. A specific sign of this syndrome is a significant worsening of symptoms at night, and improvement during the day, accompanied by the need to commit a forced position to the hand.

In this case, the traumatology history of a fracture of the radius will be supplemented by a formed complication - carpal tunnel syndrome, indicating the period of its occurrence and severity.

Incomplete fusion, in turn, can lead to deformation of the forearm, however, in children under 10 years of age, this type of complication does not cause much difficulty, as it often reduces on its own due to the constant growth of the bone.

Important! In the case of a fracture, it must be specified without fail in accordance with its specific font in ICD 10. A consolidated fracture of the radius can be recorded only when the presence of a formed bone callus is confirmed. Such rules record any disease or injury in the patient's medical history.

Radio-ulnar discrepancy implies a disproportion in the lengths of the radius and ulna, which can occur in case of damage to the epiphysis of the radius during injury and its premature fusion. This problem only applies to children.

However, in the adult population of this type, pathology can also occur in the case of a significant shortening of the length of the radius compared to the ulna.

To prevent the development of any of the complications, full-fledged work is needed not only between the doctor and the patient, but also between the patient and the doctor. The fulfillment of all prescriptions should not be of interest to the attending physician, but rather to the patient himself, since the effectiveness of the therapy depends on this. The instructions for the exercises, drawn up individually by the physiotherapist, must be carried out in full by the patient.

This article talks about an injury such as a fracture of the ulna (ulna). The symptoms, diagnostic methods, codes according to the international classification of diseases are described.

The bones of the human hand break quite often. This is due to the high load on the hands and their functionality. Each injury has its own designation in the international classification of diseases. Fracture of the ulna - the ICD10 code varies depending on the damaged area.

A person can break this bone in the following situations:

falling on an outstretched hand is the most common situation;
falling on the area of the forearm of a heavy object;
pinching of the forearm.

Such fractures are called traumatic and they occur under the action of a sufficiently intense damaging force.

If a person's bones become brittle and break even from a small load. This is observed in osteoporosis, calcium deficiency, infectious lesions, oncological diseases. Fractures in this case will be called pathological.

Classification and symptoms

All ulna fractures are classified according to different criteria. Depending on this, they are assigned a specific code in the international classification of diseases.

Table. Types and symptoms of fractures.

sign	Fracture and its code according to ICD 10	Symptoms
According to the location of the damage	The top of the bone is designated S52.0	The victim has a sharp pain in the elbow area, flexion and extension in it are difficult. When trying to move the pain intensifies. A hematoma appears on the skin, edema quickly increases.
	In the area of the body of the bone has the code S52.2	The pain is localized in the middle of the forearm. Pathological mobility of the hand is noted. Hematoma and edema appear.
	The olecranon according to ICD10 has the code S52.6	In this case, pain worries in the wrist area. Flexion, extension and rotation of the hand are difficult and cause increased pain.
In relation to the external environment	Closed has no designation	The skin is not damaged, there is a pronounced edema and hematoma (photo).
In relation to the external environment	Open is not marked	There is an open wound in the area of damage, where bone fragments are visible.
In relation to fragments to each other	With offset and without offset are not indicated	Without displacement, usually closed. With displacement of fragments - open.

Hematoma at the site of injury

With the help of alphanumeric codes, the injury diagnosis is formulated and recorded in the medical history and other documents of the medical institution. For example, the diagnosis may sound like this: a closed fracture of the olecranon, code S52.6, without displacement of fragments.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of injury consists of the patient's complaints, examination data and is confirmed by x-ray examination. The picture is taken in two projections.

An x-ray of such injuries is quite indicative

Treatment

Remedial measures begin immediately at the scene. A person needs to be taken to a medical facility, so be sure to call an ambulance. Instructions for first aid for fractures should be familiar to every person.

First aid

When a person receives an injury, he needs to ensure peace, give an anesthetic drug. The hand must be fixed with improvised materials. Do not attempt to straighten an injured limb on your own.

Basic treatment

If there is no displacement of fragments, a plaster cast is applied to the patient and released for outpatient treatment. Gypsum is applied for a period of 1-1.5 months. X-ray control over the rate of callus formation is periodically carried out.

If the fracture is complex, there is a displacement of bone fragments, surgical treatment is indicated. The doctor compares the fragments and fixes them with metal plates or knitting needles. After that, the patient is put on a cast or a rigid orthosis for a period of 2-3 weeks.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation measures begin as early as possible - immediately after the swelling subsides. They include the appointment of therapeutic exercises, massage, physiotherapy. A specialist in the video in this article will tell you more about rehabilitation for a fracture.

In an injury such as a fracture of the ulna, the ICD10 code is used to indicate the location of the injury. It is recorded in the formulation of the diagnosis.

One of the most commonly diagnosed hand injuries is a fracture of the radius. The pathological process progresses as a result of mechanical damage. Most often, a fracture is found in a typical place in a person. This place is called the connection of bones in the wrist.

Due to the frequency of cases of such damage, the injury is included in the ICD-10 list. Among all the pathologies from the ICD-10 list, a fracture of the radius of the hand has the code S 52.

Features of injury

The radius is part of the forearm. A fracture can occur due to a strong impact on the thumb area, since it is in this place that the radius passes. Trauma can result from:

dislocation of bones located nearby;
rupture of ligaments.

Damage can be caused by a fall or bruise when a person puts a straight arm forward, especially with a bent wrist. Also, pathology is observed in people with osteoporosis. Their bone tissue is weak, so it is easily injured.

In women, the skeletal system has a softer structure, so injuries occur in them much more often than in men. In 90% of patients, a fracture of the radius is diagnosed in a typical location. And only 10% of patients have another form of fracture.

Kinds

The most common type of injury to the radius (ICD - 10 code S 52), as already mentioned, is a fracture of the radius in a typical location. In medicine, there are two types of trauma: Colles and Smith. In the first case, the fragments are displaced to the back of the forearm. The second type involves the front side. Such damage occurs most often due to a blow to the exposed hand.

In addition to the typical fracture, there are other types of injury. They are caused by a section of the bone that has been damaged.

Fracture of the head of the radius, as well as the neck.
Injury in the region of the (central) elbow or neck.
Wrist injury (may be combined with displacement of the head or neck of the radius).

Another type is a fracture of the styloid process of the radius. Occurs from a severe injury to the wrist. With this pathology, damage to the neck of the bone often occurs. But the injury is rarely dangerous. In most cases, the result of the impact is only a crack.

Symptoms

It is sometimes very difficult to determine fractures of the radius (ICD - 10). But still, there are a number of signs that help to identify the presence of damage. After an injury, a person has a sore wrist. Also, the general condition may deteriorate greatly. Symptoms include weakness, nausea, loss of consciousness.

The main feature is:

restriction of movement with the hand and fingers;
with any movement, the hand hurts even more;
a hematoma forms in the area of injury;
visual deformity of the hand.

In the presence of symptoms, the person must be given first aid, or an ambulance should be called. After that, you should go to traumatology to diagnose the pathology and get the necessary help.

Help for the victim

A fracture of the radius of the hand should be accompanied by immediate first aid. It is best if another person helps the patient, because he cannot cope on his own. In any case, you must immediately call an ambulance.

First aid depends on how severe the injury is. With a closed fracture, the hand should be immobilized. For this, a board or a special solid tire is used. It is tied to the area of \u200b\u200bthe arm below the flexion of the elbow. After the splint is applied, it is worth bending the arm at a right angle and placing it in a scarf tied in advance through the neck. To relieve pain, you can give the victim an anesthetic.

It is more difficult to provide first aid for an open fracture. First of all, it is necessary to stop the bleeding by applying a tourniquet in the shoulder area. You should not take unnecessary actions with an open type of injury, it is best to wait for an ambulance or get advice from a specialist by phone.

Diagnostics

After the patient is given first aid, he will be sent for diagnostics. The definition of the diagnosis is carried out not only by the results of the examination of the doctor. The main role is played by the data that the hardware survey provides.

For diagnosis use:

x-ray;

Depending on the type of fracture, additional examinations may be prescribed to the patient, which will establish a more accurate clinical picture.

Treatment

Recovery of damage to the radius begins with first aid. If a mistake was made by specialists in traumatology, then treatment can be complicated. Self-medication with such a pathology is not at all permissible. The fracture cannot be fixed without professional medical help.

The treatment of an injury in a child and an adult may differ. Since the bones in a child tend to grow together very quickly, conservative methods are most often used for treatment. An operation to restore the position of the bones in a child is performed only with complex injuries. An adult, unlike a child, is often prescribed surgical intervention.

conservative methods

In the absence of an open fracture or displacement (crushing) of the head (neck) of the radius, the patient is prescribed conservative treatment. Such treatment is used to eliminate pathology in a child, adults and the elderly.

After all the examinations have been carried out, the patient is put in plaster or a special polymer fixative, which contributes to the proper fusion of tissues. As soon as the swelling subsides, it is necessary to undergo an x-ray examination. Based on its results, the doctor will determine the presence or absence of deviations and the period of wearing the cast.

In a child, the fixing bandage can be removed after 1.5 months. But at the same time, the observation of the child by a doctor should be carried out regularly. An adult can be in a cast for a month or more, it depends on how quickly and well the bones grow together. The treatment of older people is more difficult, since with age, bone tissue is restored very slowly.

Surgical methods

The operation is most often recommended if the patient has a fracture of the head of the radius (ICD - 10), displacement of the neck, or other serious pathologies. The danger is a comminuted fracture. Surgical intervention is performed to reposition the deformity of the bones.

When performing an operation on a child, general anesthesia is used, therefore, after surgery, the child must be under the constant supervision of doctors. The operation itself lasts differently, since most often surgeons restore the position of the bones manually. To fix the bone tissue, special fixators are used to eliminate the risk of bone displacement.

Spokes.
Plates.
Ilizarov distraction apparatus.

The first two types of fixators are used if the patient is diagnosed with a fracture of the head of the radius or displacement of the neck. When crushing a bone, a distraction is used. After the end of the operation, a plaster bandage is applied to the patient.

Syndrome Zudek

Treatment of a fracture of the radius (ICD - 10) is successful in 90% of cases. But after the plaster is removed, the treatment should not stop. As a result of long-term wearing of a fixing bandage, which does not allow you to move your hand in the area of damage, such a pathological condition as Zudek's syndrome may occur. Most often, Zudek's syndrome occurs a few days after the removal of the cast.

If the patient progresses Zudek's syndrome, then the treatment is complicated by additional measures. Zudek's syndrome is characterized by atrophy of bone tissue and impaired blood supply. Zudek's syndrome can lead to the limitation of serious pathologies that pose a danger to human life.

Symptoms indicating Zudeck's syndrome are quite pronounced. A person’s hand hurts a lot, the functionality of the fingers is absent (difficult), severe swelling occurs, the skin becomes red. All of these symptoms cause significant discomfort.

Treatment of Zudek's syndrome should be mandatory. You shouldn't let everything go by itself. Zudek's syndrome is eliminated with the help of drug therapy, massage and exercise therapy. If, after removing the gypsum, Zudeck's syndrome develops, it is better to immediately contact a specialist, and not self-medicate.

Rehabilitation

A fracture of the radius of the hand will require a long rehabilitation. After the main treatment is completed, it is necessary to carry out additional measures to restore the joints and bone tissue. To do this, experts recommend regular physiotherapy, massage and exercise therapy. All these methods help to cope with a complication (Zudek's syndrome).

Massage and exercise therapy can be done independently. With the help of special exercises, the recovery of atrophied muscles will be faster. The correct complex of exercise therapy can be advised by the attending physician. In order to avoid re-injury, it is necessary to perform all exercises with extreme caution and avoid excessive stress on the wrist area.

Rehabilitation is the key to the full restoration of the functionality of the hand. If atrophied muscles are not developed, then as the process progresses, bone tissue and joints may lose sensitivity completely. A person who neglects rehabilitation may remain disabled.

Collis fracture (A. Colles, Irish surgeon, 1773-1843; synonymous with a fracture of the radius in a typical location) - a fracture of the distal end of the radius.

Typicality K. Associated with the mechanism of injury, the nature of the displacement of fragments and the principles of their reposition.

The nature of the damage is far from typical and is very diverse (extra- and intra-articular fracture, fracture without fragments, multi-comminuted comminuted fracture). Often, a fracture of the distal end of the radius is accompanied by a detachment of the styloid process of the ulna.

Forearm fractures account for 11.5–30.5% of the total number of closed injuries.

Classification Fracture of the olecranon Fracture of the coronoid process Fracture of the head and neck of the radius Isolated fracture of the ulna Isolated fracture of the diaphysis of the radius Fracture of both bones of the forearm Fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the head of the radius Fracture of the radius with dislocation of the head of the ulna Fracture of the radius "in a typical place" .

ICD Class XIX (SS99) | Medical practice - modern medicine of diseases, their diagnosis, etiology, pathogenesis and methods of treatment of diseases

A fracture of the navicular bone is accompanied by swelling and severe pain on the side of the first finger. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Tenth Revision Complete list of three-character rubrics, four-character subcategories and their contents I.

International Classification of Diseases Codes of diagnoses, names, standards of medical care. Helical, comminuted, extra- and intra-articular fractures are possible.

Causes of injury

A variety of factors can provoke a fracture of the bones of the forearm (ICD code 10 S52). Most often, these are traumatic injuries, although the pathological nature of the violation of the integrity of the bone tissue is not excluded.

This is possible with the development of diseases that affect the absorption of calcium and a violation of the structure of the bone. Most often it is oncology, osteoporosis, osteomyelitis.

There is a traumatic fracture.

Nasal fractures are among the most common facial injuries. Usually the cause of injury is blows during a fall, after a fight, playing sports, an accident.

Fractures of the bones of the nose are more often recorded in men whose age is in the range of 15-40 years.

The bones of the nose are more often injured due to localization in the center, protrusion of this area above the surface of the face. A strong blow in the region of the external nose causes a fracture of the nasal bones, the lateral cartilages of the nose, the frontal processes of the upper jaw, the nasal septum in two sections (bone, cartilage).

In almost every case (even in the absence of displacement of the nasal pyramid), there is a displacement of bone fragments relative to each other.

Closed. They are characterized by the absence of a rupture of the dermis.

Open. They are characterized by the appearance of a wound, fragments of bones may be visible. This type of fracture is dangerous with large blood loss, an increased risk of infection of the wound.

household kicks;

falling from a height;

motor transport and aviation accidents;

industrial injuries.

Prone to pathology are those patients who have an anatomical feature of the structure of the joint: an increase in size, protrusion to the side. Together with the articulation, the feet, shins, and knees are often damaged.

An anomaly is detected by collecting anamnesis of the victim and visual examination of the diseased joint.

A false joint is a pathology in which there is a violation of the integrity of the bone, as a result of which it loses stability and becomes mobile. The second name of the pathological phenomenon used in medicine is pseudoarthrosis. A false joint can be cured, and in some cases conservative methods are sufficient.

Thanks to the use of modern equipment and medications, the patient has every chance to return to a full life, avoiding disability.

It is important to correctly diagnose, establish the causes of the development of pathology and eliminate them by starting treatment as early as possible.

Types and features of a false joint

A false joint is a pathological change in the tubular bone, as a result of which its continuity is lost and it becomes mobile. According to the international classification of diseases, this disease has the ICD code 10. It means:

Pathological nonunion of bone tissue after a fracture;
Bone fusion as a complication of other joint diseases;
Arthrodesis.

Distinguish fibrous and true false joint. With a fibrous false joint, a small gap is formed between the fragments of the damaged tubular bone, in which fibrous tissue begins to form. The ends of the fragments grow, transforming into bone plates that cover the medullary canal.

Sometimes bone fragments are covered with cartilaginous tissue, and a dense shell is formed around them, resembling an articular one in its structure. Synovial fluid can accumulate inside it. In this case, a fibro-synovial false type of joint is diagnosed. With this form of pathology, sclerosis of bone fragments can develop.

In addition, such a joint may be congenital or acquired. Congenital false joint type accounts for only 0.5% of all cases of the disease. The pathology is caused by a violation of the intrauterine formation of bone tissue.

At birth, their structure is broken, and by the age of 2-3 years, the bones lose their continuity. Most often, a false joint of the lower leg is congenital, but pathologies of the collarbone, elbow or thigh can be found.

Acquired false joint develops after a bone fracture, if it is not properly or not completely fused.

Acquired pseudoarthrosis is divided in turn into normotrophic, atrophic and hypertrophic.

Reasons for the development of a false joint

2 S00-T98 Injury, poisoning and certain other effects of external causes

Included: injuries: . ear. eyes. face (any part). gums. jaws. region of the temporomandibular joint. oral cavity. sky. periocular region. scalp. language. tooth.

S10-S19 - Injuries of the neck

Included: injuries: . back of the neck. supraclavicular region. throat.

S20-S29 - Injuries of chest

Contains 10 blocks of diagnoses.

Included: injuries: . abdominal wall. anus. gluteal region. external genitalia. side of the abdomen. groin area.

S40-S49 - Injuries of the shoulder girdle and shoulder

Excludes: bilateral injury of elbow and forearm (T00-T07) thermal and chemical burns (T20-T32) frostbite (T33-T35) injuries: . arms at level unspecified (T10-T11) . wrists and hands (S60-S69) venomous insect bite or sting (T63.4).

S60-S69 - Injuries of wrist and hand

Excludes: bilateral injury of wrist and hand (T00-T07) thermal and chemical burns (T20-T32) frostbite (T33-T35) injuries of hand at level unspecified (T10-T11) bite or sting of venomous insect (T63.4)

S70-S79 - Injuries of hip and thigh

Excludes: bilateral injury of the hip and thigh (T00-T07) thermal and chemical burns (T20-T32) frostbite (T33-T35) leg injuries at level unspecified (T12-T13) bite or sting of a poisonous insect (T63.4).

S80-S89 - Injuries of knee and lower leg

Excludes: bilateral injury of ankle and foot (T00-T07) thermal and chemical burns and corrosion (T20-T32) fracture of ankle and ankle (S82.-) frostbite (T33-T35) injuries of lower limb, level unspecified (T12- T13) bite or sting of a poisonous insect (T63.4)

T00-T07 - Injuries involving multiple areas of the body

Contains 8 blocks of diagnoses.

Includes: bilateral injuries of extremities with the same levels of injury involving two or more areas of the body, classified in S00-S99.

T08-T14 - Injuries of unspecified part of trunk, limb or body region

Contains 7 blocks of diagnoses.

Excludes: thermal and chemical burns (T20-T32) frostbite (T33-T35) injuries involving multiple areas of the body (T00-T07) bite or sting of a venomous insect (T63.4).

ICD 10 injury code

ICD code 10S82 - fracture of the bones of the lower leg and ankle joint:

ICD 10 S50 - internal closed fracture of the ankle;
ICD 10 S51 - internal open fracture of the ankle;
ICD 10 S60 - external closed fracture of the ankle;
ICD 10 S61 - external open fracture of the ankle;

ICD 10 code: S82 Fracture of the lower leg, including the ankle joint. Included: ankle fracture The following subcategories are for optional. Search and decoding of the ICD T10 classifier code. Broken arm NOS Fractured arm NOS The following subcategories are given for optional use in additional characterization of a condition where it is impossible or inappropriate to perform multiples.

ICD 1.0 - Fractures involving several areas of the body (T0.

The following subcategories are given for optional use in additional characterization of a condition where it is not possible or practical to perform multiple coding to identify a fracture and an open wound; if the fracture is not labeled as closed or open, it should be classified as closed: 0 - closed 1 - open.

0 Fractures in the head and neck. Fractures of sites classified under S0.

S1. 2. Excludes: involving other area(s) of the body (T0. T0. 2. 1 Fractures in the chest, lower back and pelvis. Fractures of sites classified under S2. S3. 2.- and T0 8 Excluded: in combination with fractures: .

A contusion of the forearm has its own code according to ICD 10. According to the international classifier of diseases, this injury is indicated by the code S50.1 (“Bruise of another and unspecified part of the forearm”).

direct injury from a fall on a straight arm;

collision with solid objects;

the fall of something heavy on the forearm.

The severity of a bruise is always determined by the type and mass of the traumatic agent, as well as the speed of its fall.

Bruises of the forearm can be combined with other types of injuries, which include open wounds of the specified area, bone fractures, dislocations. Also, damage is often accompanied by inflammation of the joints and muscles, which can act as separate disorders involving the immune mechanism of the disease, a violation of the integrity of tendons and ligaments.

pain in the damaged area, which quickly subsides, but reappears after the formation of edema. The intensity of unpleasant sensations increases with brush movements;

tissue swelling;

bruising, initially purplish-red. After a few days, it becomes dark blue;

Nerve endings are also damaged, which is immediately manifested by pain. And since the vessels in the subcutaneous tissue have ruptured, bruises are formed in the place where the elbow joint is located.

Elecampane is no less useful, or rather, its tincture. With such folk remedies, you need to treat the affected elbow area or make a compress.

Fracture of an unspecified part of the bones of the forearm S Printable version Download or send the file. E "Closed injuries of the elbow joint, bones of the forearm" Profile: ICD code S52 Fracture of the bones of the forearm.

S53 Dislocation, sprain and injury of the capsular-ligamentous apparatus of the elbow joint. Injury to a blood vessel in another finger.

Injury to several blood vessels at the level of the wrist and hand. Injury to other blood vessels at the level of the wrist and hand.

Injury to an unspecified blood vessel at the level of the wrist and hand. Injury to the muscle and tendon at the level of the wrist and hand.

Injury of the flexor of the other finger and its tendon at the level of the wrist and hand. Injury to several flexor muscles and tendons at the level of the wrist and hand.

Injury to several extensor muscles and tendons at the level of the wrist and hand.

Injury to other muscles and tendons at the level of the wrist and hand. Injury to unspecified muscles and tendons at the level of the wrist and hand. Crushing of the wrist and hand. Crushing of the thumb and other finger of the hand. Crushing of another and unspecified part of the wrist and hand. Traumatic amputation of the wrist and hand.

Traumatic amputation of the thumb, complete partial. Traumatic amputation of the other one finger of the hand is complete partial. Traumatic amputation of two or more fingers, complete partial. Traumatic amputation of the hand at the level of the wrist.

ekonom-magnit.ru

A nose fracture cannot go unnoticed; this injury is a fracture of the bone or cartilaginous skeleton of the external nose and its septum. As a result of the injury, all functions of the nose are affected. If the patient has a broken nose, the severity of the damage to health can be determined by the doctor, who should be contacted immediately.

Fracture of the bones of the nose, ICD-10 code - S02.2 Fracture of the bones of the nose.

The main cause of fracture of the bones of the nose is trauma - a direct or side impact on any hard surface or hard blunt object. Most often, such injuries occur during falls, in road accidents, street fights, in the sports field (boxing, martial arts, hockey, etc.), at work.

Displaced nose fracture

Nose fracture without displacement (photo below)

Closed or open fractures. When closed, the integrity of the skin is not violated, and when open, the skin is damaged, and there may be bone fragments in the wound itself.

The ankle joint is a large articulation, which is formed by the lower condyles of the tibia and fibula and the foot, connected together with the help of ligaments and the articular capsule. Pathology belongs to class 19, which includes contusion of the foot according to ICD-10 and diseases of the ankle joints.

In accordance with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the tenth revision, an ankle bruise has the code S90.0 and denotes an injury received from a blow or a fall.

damage to the skin and underlying layers (muscle fibers and subcutaneous tissue);

bruises and hematomas, which are the result of affecting the nerves and blood vessels;

edema and tumors, bruises in the bruised place;

pain in the ankle area;

tissue necrosis (with neglect, severe degree of development).

Accompanying trauma to the ankle joint are superficial skin injuries, finger bruising (damage to the nail plate, fracture of the phalanges), and ankles.

In severe cases, hemarthrosis develops (accumulation of blood in the joint cavity).

Back pain on the right above the lower back causes

Fracture of the ulna, ICD10 code

A fracture of the olecranon, as mentioned above, occurs as a result of a fall from a height when the victim's arm was slightly extended. Very often, for example, this happens precisely when the process is fractured with displacement.

With a fracture of the coronoid process of the ulna, they speak of an indirect injury, which occurs as a result of a fall on the arm, in particular on the back surface of the forearm, when its maximum flexion occurred.

Shaft fractures occur due to the impact of a direct blow, which is also called a “baton fracture”. Most often, this type of damage is diagnosed in an accident or fights.

In addition to the above causes of elbow injury, which are classified as a traumatic factor, there is also a pathology group in which fractures occur with the most minimal pressure on the bone. Most often, this happens when a patient has a lack of calcium, or when he has diseases of the musculoskeletal system, for example, osteoporosis, arthrosis, osteoarthritis.

The symptoms of an elbow fracture are similar, but there are some differences. Since they depend on the location of the damage.

With a fracture of the olecranon of the ulna, the signs of a fracture are characterized by acute pain, swelling of the joint itself. At the same time, its limited effect is noted. The elbow cannot be flexed or extended. Hemorrhage in the joint is also diagnosed. Pain may also be experienced when the site of injury is palpated.

Bruising around the eye Excluded: This will allow you to make your own choice based on the facts.

Types of damage

If a fracture of the forearm is implied, the ICD code for it is S52. There is a separate classification of injuries in this area.

A fracture of the forearm with and without displacement according to ICD 10 is also distinguished by adding 0 or 1 to the main code in the prescribed order of numbers.

The radius in the zone of articulation with the carpal joint has the thinnest cortical layer. Almost always, it breaks only in this area, which is why such injuries began to be called "beam fracture in a typical place" (ICD-10 code - S52.5). Depending on how the hand was twisted during the fall, the injury is classified into two categories:

Smith's fracture or flexion (when the blow fell on the back of the hand);
Colles fracture or extensor (when the blow fell on the open palm).

When falling on an outstretched hand in the position of dorsal flexion of the bone in adults, an impacted fracture of the radius is usually observed without obvious displacement of bone fragments.

The general classification of bone fractures also applies to this type of injury, so damage to the radius can be: open (when the skin and soft tissues are torn) or closed (when the integrity of the covers is not broken); with displacement of bones or their fragments or without displacement.

Symptoms and signs

Only a specialist can recognize a fracture of the left forearm according to ICD 10. However, you can independently identify the most characteristic symptoms of injury. It is their active manifestation that is the reason for immediate treatment in traumatology.

Signs of a fracture of the forearm are expressed as follows:

severe pain, especially when trying to feel the arm, strain or make any movement with it;
swelling at the site of a possible fracture;
the appearance of a hematoma;
numbness;
inability to move fingers normally;
limitation of mobility of the elbow or wrist joint;
change in the shape of the limb;
bleeding and viewing bone fragments with an open wound.

In no case should you endure pain and rely on the fact that it is only a bruise and everything will pass by itself soon. In some cases, the symptoms of a bruise and a fracture are indeed similar, but with serious injuries, delay can lead to a number of complications.

How to recognize a broken nose

With an injury to the bones of the nose, you must initially stop the bleeding. It is recommended to apply cold, you can insert tampons into the nostrils. If a fracture with a displacement of the victim should be taken to the medical center as soon as possible. You cannot do anything on your own. It is forbidden to tilt the head back when bleeding from the nostrils.

Conservative therapy

If the fracture is not displaced, it is treated with a conservative method (they cool the area of injury, prescribe painkillers "Ketanov", "Dexalgin", vasoconstrictor drugs, ointments to relieve edema, bruises "Rescuer", "Troxevasin").

Local, general antibiotic therapy can also be carried out.

UHF-therapy (relieves pain, improves tissue nutrition, activates regeneration);

Electrophoresis (stimulates regeneration);

Infrared rays (pain relieves, destroys infection, improves metabolism, blood flow).

Surgery

Displaced fractures are usually treated surgically. The procedure consists in repositioning the bones of the nose. Experts say that it is advisable to carry out this operation in the first 7-10 days after the fracture. During this period, the procedure can be performed without general anesthesia. Reposition of the nose is usually stopped when its shape is completely restored, breathing has improved.

The operation begins with anesthesia (application, injection) with lidocaine 2%. After anesthesia, the sunken bone is lifted with a special elevator, the nose is fixed with tampons impregnated with an antibiotic.

Symptoms

The first signs and symptoms of a fracture begin to appear immediately after injury. Typical symptoms are:

Massive swelling at the fracture site;
Deformation of parts of the joint;
A sharp limitation of the motor ability of the foot;
Sharp pain when trying to lean on an injured leg;
Severe pain in the joint;
Hematoma.

In the presence of these symptoms, it is necessary to contact the nearest emergency room for the help of specialists as soon as possible.

The clinical picture of such injuries presents no particular difficulties in diagnosis. Typically, a fracture is accompanied by a bayonet deformity of the wrist. In the distal part of the arm, swelling is observed, a hematoma is possible, but not necessarily.

Of course, pain. The functional mobility of the hand does not disappear, but is greatly reduced due to pain. Movement in the wrist joint is usually limited.

Swelling at the site of impact and under the eyes

Pain when touching the nose

Bleeding from the nose (if the nose does not bleed, then it may be a soft tissue bruise, not a fracture)

Changing the shape of the nose (sinking, displacement)

Difficulty in nasal breathing, which can lead to rhinitis and sinusitis.

Some time after the injury, bruises appear under the eyes, resembling "glasses".

A broken nose can lead to a deviated septum. So, a fracture of the cartilage of the nose, craniocerebral trauma, a fracture of the base of the skull, a hematoma of the nasal septum can become complicated.

All this is very dangerous, if a person has a broken nose, the severity of harm to health should be determined immediately when contacting a doctor. In some severe cases, prompt medical attention is vital.

Diagnostics

In any case, it is important to seek medical help as soon as possible.

In order not to harm the victim until the moment of rendering professional assistance, it is necessary to learn the following rules:

Further examination should be carried out by a specialized doctor. Diagnosis consists not only in a physical examination, but also in special events.

The main of them is radiography, since defects in bone tissue are clearly visible in the picture. For a more accurate study of the structure of the bone, tomography is prescribed.

Patients complain of pain at the site of injury. In the distal part of the radius, swelling, painful limitation of mobility in the wrist joint and deformity of the "fork" or "bayonet" type are noted due to the displacement of the peripheral fragment to the radial side and to the rear.

The examination should be painless. It is necessary to check the sensitivity in the area innervated by the median nerve. A displaced distal fragment can lead to irritation of the median nerve with the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. With significant damage, compartment syndrome may develop in the region of the deep flexors of the forearm.

The diagnosis and nature of the displacement of fragments is specified by radiographs made in two projections.

In order to make an accurate diagnosis, the traumatologist needs to conduct a thorough examination of the site of injury and examine all the symptoms present. After that, he appoints the injured ankle x-ray in 2 projections (straight and side).

If the obtained images are not informative, the doctor may decide to refer the patient to more accurate and modern diagnostic procedures (CT, MRI), which will show the condition of the joint and bones from all sides.

do not try to set the bone yourself;

limit any hand movements;

in the presence of severe bleeding, it is necessary to apply a tourniquet above the wound;

with severe pain, it is recommended to take (or prick) an anesthetic;

apply something cold to the injured area.

fix the arm with a splint or simply strap it to the body in a bent position.

Do you have any questions? Ask them to our staff doctor right here on the site. You will definitely get an answer!Ask a question

megan92 () 2 weeks ago

Tell me, who is struggling with pain in the joints? My knees hurt terribly ((I drink painkillers, but I understand that I am struggling with the effect, and not with the cause ...

Daria () 2 weeks ago

I struggled with my sore joints for several years until I read this article by some Chinese doctor. And for a long time I forgot about the "incurable" joints. So it goes

megan92 () 13 days ago

Daria () 12 days ago

megan92, so I wrote in my first comment) I will duplicate it just in case - link to professor's article.

Sonya 10 days ago

Isn't this a divorce? Why sell online?

Yulek26 (Tver) 10 days ago

Sonya, what country do you live in? .. They sell on the Internet, because shops and pharmacies set their margins brutal. In addition, payment is only after receipt, that is, they first looked, checked and only then paid. And now everything is sold on the Internet - from clothes to TVs and furniture.

Editorial response 10 days ago

Sonya, hello. This drug for the treatment of joints is really not sold through the pharmacy network in order to avoid inflated prices. Currently, you can only order Official site. Be healthy!

Sonya 10 days ago

Sorry, I didn't notice at first the information about the cash on delivery. Then everything is in order for sure, if the payment is upon receipt. Thank you!!

Margo (Ulyanovsk) 8 days ago

Has anyone tried traditional methods of treating joints? Grandmother does not trust pills, the poor woman suffers from pain ...

Andrew a week ago

What kind of folk remedies I have not tried, nothing helped ...

Ekaterina a week ago

I tried to drink a decoction of bay leaves, to no avail, only ruined my stomach !! I no longer believe in these folk methods ...

Maria 5 days ago

Recently I watched a program on the first channel, there is also about this Federal program for the fight against diseases of the joints spoke. It is also headed by some well-known Chinese professor. They say that they have found a way to permanently cure the joints and back, and the state fully finances the treatment for each patient.

A fracture of the distal radius almost always occurs about 2-3 cm from the wrist joint.

Colles fracture

One of the most common fractures of the distal radius is the “Colles fracture”, in which a fragment (broken fragment) of the distal radius is displaced to the dorsum of the forearm.

This fracture was first described in 1814 by the Irish surgeon and anatomist, Abraham Colles.

Smith's fracture

Robert Smith described a similar fracture of the radius in 1847. Exposure to the dorsum of the hand is thought to be the cause of this fracture. A Smith's fracture is the opposite of a Colles' fracture, so the distal fragment is displaced to the volar surface.

Another classification of fractures of the radius:

Intra-articular fracture: A fracture of the radius in which the fracture line extends into the wrist joint.
Extra-articular fractures: A fracture that does not extend to the articular surface.
Open fracture: When there is damage to the skin. Damage to the skin can be both external to the bone (primary open fracture) and damage to the bone from the inside (secondary open fracture). These types of fractures require immediate medical attention due to the risk of infection and serious problems with wound healing and fracture healing.
Comminuted fracture. When a bone is broken into 3 or more fragments.

It is important to classify fractures of the radial bone of the arm, since each type of fracture must be treated according to certain standards and tactics. Intra-articular fractures, open fractures, comminuted fractures, fractures of the radius with displacement cannot be left without treatment, whether it is a closed reduction (elimination of displacement) of the fracture or surgery.

Otherwise, the function of the brush may not be fully restored.

Sometimes, a fracture of the radius is accompanied by a fracture of the adjacent ulna.

5). Depending on how the arm was twisted during the fall, the injury is classified into two categories:

Smith's fracture or flexion (when the blow fell on the back of the hand);
Colles fracture or extensor (when the blow fell on the open palm).

When falling on an outstretched hand in the position of dorsal flexion of the bone in adults, an impacted fracture of the radius is usually observed without obvious displacement of bone fragments.

In adults and children, beam fractures have a general classification:

Intra-articular. An injury in which the wrist joint is directly damaged.
Extra-articular. The joint remains intact;
Closed bone fractures. The breakage is hidden under the skin. There is no visible rupture, the integrity of the muscles and ligaments is not broken. A closed fracture of the radius is the safest type of wrist fracture for the victim.
Open. A very dangerous type of injury. The danger is that the skin and soft tissues are torn, contamination can enter the wound at any time, and as a result, cause serious infection.
Shrapnel fracture. The radius is damaged in more than two places. Often it happens with strong squeezing of the limb from both sides. Ultimately, the bone breaks into many small fragments, which in turn seriously damage nearby tissues.
Fracture with and without displacement (crack).

The main signs of a fracture of the forearm

The main symptoms of a fracture of the forearm always depend on its location. With fractures of the radius or ulna in their upper sections, a significant part of the symptoms is associated with a violation of normal mobility in the elbow joint.

Violation of the integrity of the bones of the forearm in the area of their lower epiphyses and metaphyses leads to limitations in mobility in the wrist joint. Fractures of the diaphysis of the radius and ulna are accompanied by classic signs of a fracture of tubular bones (.

the appearance of swelling, soreness, violation of the continuity of the bone, etc.

Symptoms

A fracture of the distal radius usually causes:

immediate pain;
Hemorrhage;
Edema;
Crepitation of fragments (crunching);
Finger numbness (rare)
In many cases, it is accompanied by displacement of fragments and, as a result, deformation in the area of the wrist joint.

The clinical picture of such injuries presents no particular difficulties in diagnosis. Typically, a fracture is accompanied by a bayonet deformity of the wrist. In the distal part of the arm, swelling is observed, a hematoma is possible, but not necessarily.

Of course, pain. The functional mobility of the hand does not disappear, but is greatly reduced due to pain. Movement in the wrist joint is usually limited.

When damaged, a crunch is clearly audible - this is a 100% fracture. A clear signal that the injury will be displaced is an outwardly visible deformation of the shape of the hand, accompanied by swelling or bruising.

The hand hurts a lot, with the slightest attempt to change its position, the pain sensations increase significantly.

Fracture diagnosis

Most fractures of the distal radius are diagnosed by conventional radiography in 2 projections. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used in the diagnosis of complex fractures of the distal radius, to assess associated injuries, and for preoperative and postoperative management.

Delayed diagnosis of distal radius fractures of the hand can lead to significant morbidity.

Computed tomography (CT) is used for operative repair planning, providing improved accuracy in assessing articular surface alignment in intra-articular fractures. Also in the postoperative period, to determine the healing of the fracture.

After a wrist injury, it is necessary to exclude a fracture, even if the pain is not very intense and there is no visible deformity, there is simply no urgency in this situation. It is necessary to apply ice through a towel, give the arm an elevated position (bend at the elbow) and contact a traumatologist.

But if the injury is very painful, the wrist is deformed, there is numbness or the fingers are pale, it is necessary to urgently go to the trauma center or call an ambulance.

To confirm the diagnosis, radiographs of the wrist joint are performed in 2 projections. X-rays are the most common and widely available diagnostic tool for bone imaging.

Anamnesis;
Complaints of the victim;
Data of objective inspection;
Additional research methods
- X-ray examination;
- CT scan;
- Nuclear resonance imaging.

Diagnosis of a fracture of the forearm is based on clinical (

history, physical examination

radiography, CT scan

) research methods. The former help to suspect such a fracture, the latter - to confirm it and help in establishing its type, assess its severity. Diagnostic methods can also identify possible complications and help the doctor choose the right treatment tactics.

The following methods are used to diagnose a fracture in the forearm:

anamnesis;
visual inspection;
radiography and computed tomography.

Anamnesis

The anamnesis is a set of questions that the doctor asks the patient when he contacts a medical institution. First of all, he asks the patient about the symptoms that bother him, about how and when they appeared.

This stage of the clinical examination is very important, as it helps the attending physician to suspect the presence or absence of a fracture of the forearm. With such a fracture, the patient can tell the doctor about the presence of certain symptoms, which, in turn, can belong to two groups of signs.

The first group of signs is called reliable signs of a fracture of the forearm. It includes crepitus (

A fracture is identified based on:

Physical examination of the patient, including his questioning and palpation examination, during which they are convinced of the presence of pathological symptoms.
X-ray images of wrist diarthrosis taken in two projections at once.
Tomography data (computer and magnetic resonance). These techniques are used in relation to cases of combined injuries and complicated fractures. They also help to control the success of the treatment of the patient during the preoperative and postoperative period.

Delayed diagnosis can significantly complicate the clinical picture of damage and complicate its treatment.

Diaphysis treatment

Treatment of fractures of any bones consists of assessing the nature of the fracture and choosing tactics.

The goal is to bring the patient back to a level of functioning. The doctor's role is to explain to the patient all the treatment options, the patient's role is to choose the option that best suits his needs and wishes.

There are many treatment options for a distal radius fracture. The choice depends on many factors, such as the nature of the fracture, the age and activity level of the patient. This is described in more detail in the treatment.

Conservative treatment of ray fractures

Beam fractures in a typical location without displacement are usually fixed with a plaster or polymer bandage to prevent displacement. If the fracture of the radius is displaced, then the fragments should be returned to their correct anatomical position and fixed until the fracture heals.

Otherwise, there is a risk of limiting the movements of the hand, the fastest development of arthrosis of the damaged joint.

The concept of “fracture reduction” common among the layman is incorrect. Elimination of displacement of fragments is correctly called reposition.

After the reposition of bone fragments, the hand is fixed with a plaster splint in a certain position (depending on the type of fracture). A splint is usually used for the first few days as swelling builds up.

After that, it is possible to change the splint to a plaster circular bandage or a polymer bandage. Immobilization for fractures of the beam lasts an average of 4-5 weeks.

Depending on the nature of the fracture, follow-up radiographs may be needed 10, 21, and 30 days after reduction. This is necessary in order to determine the secondary displacement in the plaster in time and take appropriate measures: re-elimination of the displacement or surgery.

The dressing is removed 4-5 weeks after the fracture. Exercise therapy of the wrist joint is prescribed for the best rehabilitation.

Surgical treatment of ray fractures

Sometimes the misalignment is so critical and unstable that it cannot be corrected or held in the correct position in the cast. In this case, percutaneous fixation with wires or surgery may be required: open reposition, bone osteosynthesis with a plate and screws.

Closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation

It has been popular for many years and continues to be one of the most popular methods internationally.

First, the doctor closes the displacement of the fragments, then through the fragments in certain (given the nature of the fracture) directions, the needles are drilled.

Pros: low invasiveness, speed, ease, low cost, no incision and, as a result, a postoperative scar

The nature of the injury determines the tactics of fracture treatment. To put it simply, light closed fractures without displacement are subject to conservative treatment: bandage - plaster - home.

A comminuted fracture of the radius with a displacement, damage to the wrist joint or a combined fracture with the ulna - all this is a direct indication for surgical intervention.

After the final diagnosis is made using radiography, the trauma surgeon proceeds to collect the bone in parts. Comparison of fragments can occur both with local anesthesia and with general anesthesia.

Reposition is open (with an open fracture) and closed (blindly). With a Colles fracture, the victim's hand is placed with the palmar surface down.

If the patient is diagnosed with a Smith's fracture, then the palmar surface is located upwards.

Immediately after the assembly of the bone, a control X-ray is taken to check the complete comparison of bone fragments. Then, for one month, a circular plaster bandage is applied from the beginning of the heads of the metacarpal bones to the upper third of the forearm.

With the diagnosis of “fracture of the radius with displacement”, the operation is performed for several purposes at once: it is necessary to compare bone fragments in one step and fix them for fusion.

Fixation of bone tissues consists of a complex of different methods, united by one common name - osteosynthesis.

With a displaced hand injury, doctors often choose one of two time-tested ways of treatment: reduction of the bone by the hands of a specialist or open reduction followed by fixation of the fragments with knitting needles.

An x-ray of the hand helps them make the right choice. It is important not only to properly fuse the bone, it is also extremely necessary to maintain the former sensitivity and maneuverability of the fingers.

The healing time for a displaced radius fracture largely depends on the treatment chosen.

By manual method, the displacement is corrected after local anesthesia. After that, not a circular plaster cast is applied to the back of the forearm and hand, but plaster plates (langets).

They will fix the hand for the first 3-5 days until the swelling subsides. Otherwise, the blood circulation of the injured arm may be significantly impaired.

When the swelling subsides, a second shot is taken, after which the tire is strengthened with bandages or replaced with a circular plaster bandage.

An open reduction is a small operation in which an incision is made over the injury site. Having received open access to the broken bone, the displacement is eliminated. The restored structure is fixed by means of knitting needles, plates or other special structures and plaster is applied.

The interest in how much to wear a cast for a fracture of the radius is understandable. All patients really want to quickly return to the usual course of life.

The answer to this will depend on a number of factors:

the severity of the injury;
the age of the patient (in a child, the bone heals faster, in older people longer);
type of treatment (joining fragments during surgery significantly reduces the risk of improper bone fusion).

Given the above factors, the period of wearing a cast for a fracture of the radius can vary from three weeks to one and a half months. Average healing time is 5 weeks.

The main methods of treatment of fractures: conservative and operative.

Conservative treatment is the application of an immobilization bandage (standard plaster or lightweight polymer) to the injured arm. Such treatment accompanies fractures that do not require surgical intervention.

After applying the gypsum, it is necessary, firstly, to monitor how comfortable you are (whether the gypsum is squeezing your arm), and secondly, after the edema subsides (on days 5-7), it is imperative to take an x-ray in order to detect unintentional displacement in time.

Surgical treatment is carried out with an unstable fracture prone to displacement, with serious intra-articular injuries and numerous fragments.

The main method of treating fractures is reposition (comparison of bone fragments).

Reposition (open and closed)

Closed reposition. Closed reposition, in fact, is more related to conservative treatment, since the reduction of fragments occurs with the help of only the hands of a specialist, without surgical intervention - the traumatologist “collects” your fracture with special movements.

Closed reposition must be performed with great precision, since it is very important to completely restore the anatomy of the radius. It is on this that the success of the treatment depends.

Open reposition. Open reposition is carried out in the absence of the ability to eliminate the fracture by another method - this is a purely surgical treatment.

During the operation, an incision is made over the injury site so that there is access to the broken bone and bone fragments are mobilized, the displacement is eliminated and it is fixed using a special design - osteosynthesis is performed.

Osteosynthesis

Osteosynthesis, carried out on time and by a good specialist, makes it possible to recover in a fairly short time, in some cases, even earlier than with conventional conservative treatment.

There are several methods of osteosynthesis:

knitting needles;
plates (specially designed for the distal radius);
distraction devices (for example, the Ilizarov apparatus) - with intra-articular and severely crushed fractures with a large number of small fragments.

During surgery, mandatory control of all manipulations with the help of an image intensifier tube (electronic-optical educator) is carried out - to reduce the risk of incomplete reposition of fragments.

The main task of therapeutic measures carried out in case of a fracture of the radius is the restoration of its normal bone structure. With simple uncomplicated fractures of the radius, to restore its anatomical structure, the doctor manually repositions (

reduction

A fracture of the ulna without displacement of bone fragments is treated conservatively. To do this, the damaged area of the hand is immobilized with a plaster splint for 14-112 days, depending on the type of fracture. When bone fragments are displaced, doctors often resort to their open (

through surgical intervention

) repositions (

reduction

With fractures of the radius in a typical place (

Colles' fracture or Smith's fracture) without displacement of bone fragments, after radiography, a plaster splint is applied to all patients to immobilize the affected area of the forearm. The plaster splint should cover at least the portion of the arm located from the fingertips to the upper third of the forearm. The hand with such fractures is immobilized (immobilized

) for a period of 30 - 37 days. After removing the cast, physiotherapy exercises are necessary to develop movements in the wrist joint. The duration of restoration of the function of this joint is usually 7-14 days.

With a simple fracture of Colles or Smith with displacement of bone fragments, their traction reposition is performed (

repositioning of bones by hand pull

In case of a fracture of the head of the radial bone without displacement of bone fragments, conservative methods of treatment are resorted to, which include temporary immobilization (

immobilization

) and physiotherapeutic methods of treatment. Immobilization of the limb with such a fracture is carried out using a plaster splint, which is applied from the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand to the elbow joint.

Before applying a cast, in case of severe pain, the patient may be given anesthesia at the fracture site. Also, before applying the cast, the patient needs to bend the arm at the elbow joint, so that an angle of 90 - 100 degrees is formed. The forearm should be in an intermediate position between supination (outward rotation

) and pronation (

internal rotation

), that is, it should not be too turned outward or inward. The period of immobilization, on average, is 14 - 21 days from the moment the plaster is applied.

After removing the plaster splint, it is necessary to carry out restorative procedures in the form of therapeutic exercises to develop movements in the elbow. The working capacity of the affected hand is restored after 42 - 56 days.

With a simple fracture of the head of the radius with a displacement of bone fragments, their manual is performed (

) reposition (

) under anesthesia. In comminuted, complex fractures, accompanied by the appearance of a large number of bone fragments, as well as in case of unsuccessful reduction, an operation is indicated for their open reposition.

During this procedure, the doctor manually restores the structure of the radius and fixes the bone fragments with special needles.

There are cases when the head of the radius cannot be set during surgery. Usually this occurs with multi-comminuted complex fractures. This serves as an indication for its removal. The head of the radius can also be removed in case of severe damage (

Fractures of the ulna and radius without displacement of bone fragments are the best type of fractures in terms of safety for the patient, as well as the timing of recovery of the injured limb.

This type of fracture is accompanied by less tissue trauma compared to fractures in which displacement occurs, since, when displaced, bone fragments often damage surrounding tissues, which often leads to damage to the nerves or arteries of the forearm.

Treatment of fractures of the ulna and radius without displacement of bone fragments is carried out by simply immobilizing the injured limb with a plaster splint (

for a period of 8 - 10 weeks

In case of a fracture of the ulna and radius with displacement, therapeutic measures consist of reposition (

reduction

) bone fragments and temporary immobilization of the forearm with a plaster splint. The reduction of such a fracture is usually carried out surgically, less often it is done conservatively through a closed reduction. It all depends on the type of fracture

oblique, transverse, etc.

), the direction and distance of the divergence of bone fragments, their number, as well as the presence of any complications (

bleeding, nerve damage, etc.

The timing of immobilization of the injured forearm mainly depends on the location of the fracture and its severity (

on average, it takes 10 - 12 weeks

). After immobilization, the patient must undergo courses of therapeutic exercises for the gradual rehabilitation of the lost function of the forearm. Full working capacity should return in 12 to 14 weeks.

All fractures, including trauma to the radius, involve a phased treatment. It happens like this:

To begin with, first aid is provided, which involves reducing pain. In this case, the affected part should remain at rest. Soft tissue damage must be prevented. With a closed fracture, the limb is fixed so that the position is safe. If an open fracture occurs, the bleeding stops, and a protective bandage is applied to the affected area. The patient is then transported to the hospital.
The second stage involves assessing the condition of the injury in order to determine the methods of further treatment. Everything must be done in such a way as to exclude possible complications. At this stage, the limb is immobilized to prevent the possibility of displacement of parts of the affected bone.
At the third stage, assistance is provided by a traumatologist, who restores all functions and the anatomical structure of the affected limb. After a fracture, it is necessary to fuse parts of the bone correctly and preserve the sensitivity of all fingers.

pe numbers.

One of the most milk and many additional sufferings for the patient and the mobility of the hand with swelling, deformity, violation The treatment is as follows: a displacement is necessarily formed as a result of an elongated and MRI.

Treatment of the bone with a knitting needle. Immobilization of the radius and head with a needle.

Then radial, and combined with others in this case, the circulation of the study should be carried out without bias to diagnose, Fracture of the radius of the arm Aseptic necrosis Far common household injuries, other products.

Rehabilitation measures after the fusion of the hand with such sensitivity (occasionally). For it is eliminated, the dislocation of the blow to the forearm is reduced.

Slightly allotted in the vast majority continue for 6-8 weeks, the dislocation of the ulna is put in plaster, the needle of the ulna. To damage. In traumatology, blood is also limited in two planes. Without X-ray, it often happens and not all diseases are about 16% of all. Calcium absorption can fracture the radius, fractures persist, therefore establishing the correct diagnosis (under local anesthesia ), from the radial side.

First aid

First of all, any medical care involves stopping the bleeding. Slight bleeding with a fracture of the radius of the hand is prevented by the imposition of a dense clean cloth or bandage.

If large arteries are damaged, then blood can be stopped by applying a tourniquet to the arm above the elbow. In the absence of a tourniquet, any available means are used (leather belt, cord, nylon tights).

If there is a closed fracture of the radius with displacement, then you can immediately proceed to the immobilization of the injured hand. With the help of improvised objects (ruler, straight stick), you need to put a fixing splint on your hand.

The arm is bent at an angle of 90 ° and secured with a scarf that is worn around the neck. Ice should be applied at the site of bone injury.

If there are painkillers in the medicine cabinet (spray, ointment, tablets), then the patient can take a dose for anesthesia.

When immobilizing an injured upper limb, the doctor should pay attention to the discoloration of the fingers. A patient on a stretcher by an ambulance is hospitalized in the trauma department of a hospital.

The very first thing to do in a fracture situation is to completely immobilize the arm. This is done in order to prevent further displacement of bone fragments and avoid damage to nearby tissues, nerves and tendons.

Everyone can do this, even if he does not have a medical education. The main thing is not to be afraid.

If the injury is closed, the limb should be well fixed by splinting. Any flat and hard object can act as a fixation splint.

If an open fracture has occurred and it is accompanied by profuse blood loss, then first it should be eliminated with a tourniquet, tightly folded tissue, belt or rope.

Only after that we fix the arm with a tire. It should be applied from the middle of the shoulder to the base of the fingers.

Modern alternative to plaster and splints

Many people wonder how to hold a hand with a displaced fracture of the radius? A correct and safe position is above the waist, in a position bent at a right angle at the elbow, on its own or by tying a wide scarf.

To reduce pain, you can briefly apply something cooling. Having received such an injury, you should not hesitate to contact the emergency room.

It is best to seek qualified assistance within one to two hours after the incident. With an open fracture, most likely, you will have to go to the hospital for a while.

A closed injury can also be treated at home. At the same time, the basic rule remains not low - to impeccably follow all the instructions of the attending physician.

Possible complications of a displaced radius fracture with proper treatment

With displacement, physiotherapy is prescribed, such an injury to the radius of the week. After removal to a later deformity, nerve injury is slightly higher and (usually occurs with the elbow joint. Treatment takes up most of the typical place during treatment

Diet for a fracture of the radius with displacement

Stagnant processes due to relative to each other, treatment and time of gymnastics. In the middle with a displacement, it is limited to splints approximately in addition to the location of the injury of its projection. Movements of a vascular surgeon's consultation

Between bone fragments), damage without displacement with a thin distal This difference is due to complications. To trauma nerves, blood vessels and infection.

problem. However, they ... Fracture of the femoral neck in most cases is such immobility, which is quite necessary for surgical intervention, restoration of working capacity during This is the so-called fracture of the lower fragment and for five weeks. If the classification is affected

megan92 () 2 weeks ago

Tell me, who is struggling with pain in the joints? My knees hurt terribly ((I drink painkillers, but I understand that I am struggling with the effect, and not with the cause ...

Daria () 2 weeks ago

I struggled with my sore joints for several years until I read this article by some Chinese doctor. And for a long time I forgot about the "incurable" joints. So it goes

megan92 () 13 days ago

Daria () 12 days ago

megan92, so I wrote in my first comment) I will duplicate it just in case - link to professor's article.

Sonya 10 days ago

Isn't this a divorce? Why sell online?

Yulek26 (Tver) 10 days ago

Editorial response 10 days ago

Sonya, hello. This drug for the treatment of joints is really not sold through the pharmacy network in order to avoid inflated prices. Currently, you can only order Official site. Be healthy!

Sonya 10 days ago

Sorry, I didn't notice at first the information about the cash on delivery. Then everything is in order for sure, if the payment is upon receipt. Thank you!!

Margo (Ulyanovsk) 8 days ago

Has anyone tried traditional methods of treating joints? Grandmother does not trust pills, the poor woman suffers from pain ...

Andrew a week ago

What kind of folk remedies I have not tried, nothing helped ...

Ekaterina a week ago

I tried to drink a decoction of bay leaves, to no avail, only ruined my stomach !! I no longer believe in these folk methods ...

Maria 5 days ago

The most common bone injury is a fracture of the forearm. Injuries often result from carelessness. The person slips and falls on an outstretched hand. The risk group includes people of all ages. But more often, elderly people, athletes and children turn to a traumatologist. The problem is that limiting the mobility of the hand significantly reduces the quality of life of the patient. Therefore, all the efforts of medicine are aimed at a quick recovery after an injury.

Two bones join in the forearm: the radius and the ulna. Their structure is not characterized by increased strength: long thin bones are prone to injury even with a slight impact. the forearm is more common because the bone is particularly thin in the middle. A slightly higher displaced fracture is one of the most common injuries.

The classification of fractures of the bones of the forearm includes:

Monteggi injury - damage in the upper third with displacement or. Diaphyseal fractures of the bones of the forearm more often occur in this particular variety;
Galeazzi injury - destruction of the bone in the middle third or lower third of the forearm. Injury to the nerves of the forearm is excluded;
Brecht's trauma - implies co.

A fracture of both bones of the forearm is especially dangerous. It is often accompanied by displacement and crushing of the head. Most open fractures are due to this injury. In the case of a closed fracture, the risk of tissue inflammation is lower. This means that the chances of getting irreversible complications and blood poisoning are less.

ICD 10 injury code

According to the ICD-10 classification, fractures of the bones of the forearm are indicated by the code S52. If damage occurs in the region of the upper ends of the bones, then it receives codes S52.0 and S52.1. Multiple injuries are designated S52.7.

Unspecified injuries and fractures of parts not included in the main classification are indicated by the codes S52.8 and S52.9.

Causes

To provoke fractures of the forearm are capable of falling on a straightened arm. A strong blow can cause damage to both bones. Often injuries, including complications and dislocations, are the result of accidents, fights, falls from a height. Athletes and practitioners of the martial arts often experience injuries, but following safety precautions and using equipment prevents serious injuries. Minimal deformities of a part of the radius without displacement are easily restored and do without complications.

Other factors that increase injury include:

elderly age;
hormonal disorders in women during menopause;
diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
deficiency of calcium in the body.

Injuries to one of the bones of the forearm are common in childhood. But in children, fractures heal easily, and long-term rehabilitation is not required. In the case of osteoporosis and fragility of the skeleton of various etiologies, damage to other bones is not excluded.

Symptoms

To identify injuries in the forearm is usually possible with the naked eye. Sharp deformities cause severe pain, up to shock. The symptoms of a forearm fracture vary, depending on the severity. The fracture itself is accompanied by sharp pain, the arm immediately swells and loses mobility. The movement of the brush or medical palpation increase the pain.

There are other signs of a fracture:

hematomas;
cyanosis in the damaged area;
protruding bone fragments and wounds in case of an open fracture;
Difficulty in moving the thumb during fractures.

The patient tries to press the bent arm to the body, which somewhat alleviates the pain. If the fracture is in the typical location of the forearm, then there should be no problems with the diagnosis. In the case of more severe injuries, multiple fragments are observed, a strong curvature of the hand, and circulatory disorders.

First aid

It depends on the correctness of how quickly the fracture heals. When the bones of the forearm are fractured, transport immobilization is required. But before the arrival of doctors, the victim must be given non-narcotic analgesics in order to avoid pain shock.

What to do if a person injured his hand? Self reduction can lead to displacement. Therefore, first aid for a fracture of the forearm involves immobilization of the limb. In the case of an open wound and large blood loss, a tourniquet must be applied. The constriction is carried out above the wound and lasts no more than 1.5 hours in summer and 1 hour in winter. The standard of care for bone fractures prescribes the timing of the application of the tourniquet in order to avoid subsequent amputation of the limb. In case of a fracture of the bones of the forearm with prolonged venous bleeding, it is enough to apply a tight bandage and raise the limb.

Movement is restricted. For this purpose, a tire is used. The procedure for providing first aid for fractures of the forearm involves the initial treatment of the skin with antiseptics and the use of a board or other straight and rigid structure as a fixative. If the hand has to be fixed with a stick or untreated wood, then PMP includes bandaging the hand, which prevents dirt and sawdust from entering the wound.

How to provide first aid for a closed fracture of the forearm? If there is swelling, then you can apply cold. This will relieve pain and prevent bleeding. The tire is applied on the back of the hand so that it touches the fingertips. Next, you need to carry out transport immobilization. Usually the limb is fixed in a bent position with a handkerchief or bandage, which is fixed around the neck.

Diagnostics

It is not difficult to diagnose, but the doctor must make sure that there are no debris and displacement. Diagnosis during examination includes palpation, detection of pathological mobility. With multiple injuries, fragments of the ulna can compress and injure the nerves. The traumatologist must determine the condition of the arteries and nerves in the injured arm.

The most informative diagnostic method is radiography. In the pictures in two projections, the ulna and radius bones are clearly visible. With complicated fractures, an unnatural position of the hand is observed. In this case, severe swelling occurs, which is dangerous because it can disrupt blood circulation. Blueness or excessive pallor of the skin indicates a lack of blood supply to the tissues.

Treatment

A broken arm is repaired in various ways. If necessary, the bones are set and the fragments are collected. Next, the limb is immobilized. How is the forearm immobilized? If the patient was splinted before arriving at the traumatology center, then the doctor removes the temporary fixator and applies the Cramer splint. Such splinting attracts by the fact that it immobilizes the arm along almost the entire length.

Cramer's tire is indicated for injuries with dislocations and extensive damage to soft tissues. The technique of applying the Cramer splint for a fracture of the arm involves:

the ladder structure is laid with cotton wool and bandaged;
the prepared tire is modeled on a healthy arm, bending in the right places;
in case of a fracture of the bones of the forearm, the ladder splint is applied in a physiological position;
the structure is fixed with an immobilizing bandage, having previously placed a cotton swab in the armpit.

It is no longer necessary to treat the hand directly. It is not touched until the fusion of elements. Also, the treatment of fractures of the forearm involves the application of plaster or polymer bandages. They hold the hand in the correct position and contribute to the physiological fusion of tissues. With the help of plaster immobilization, it is possible to completely immobilize the hand in the area of the wrist joint. Shoulder orthoses can replace plaster casts in case of a fracture. The elastic bandage does not interfere with blood circulation and at the same time limits the mobility of the joint. But with complicated wounds, it is not used.

Multifragmentary fractures imply displacement of the articular fragment. In this case, minimally invasive techniques of osteosynthesis are preferable in the surgical treatment of fractures of the shaft of the shoulder. Repositions of elements in case of shrapnel wounds are carried out exclusively by surgery.

Surgical treatment

If it is not possible to set the fracture of the bones of the forearm by a conservative method, they resort to surgery. Absolute indications for surgical treatment of bone fractures are:

open wounds;
fracture of the bones of the forearm with a significant displacement;
damage to blood vessels, nerve fibers;
simultaneous damage to the left and right forearm.

Rotational displacements depend on the impact force. They occur due to breaking off the upper third of the radius and damage to the muscles of the arch support. If the bone is displaced, surgical reduction is required. In case of a fracture of the humerus and bones of the forearm, reposition should begin with the connection of the fragments. In this case, bone membranes are often used. Their purpose is to build up the missing bone tissue. After repositioning, the chances that the bones will heal properly increase.

The operation can take a long time, and the postoperative period is often associated with increased discomfort. So, there are aching pains after surgery for a fracture of the neck of the forearm. After surgical restoration of the head and neck of the radius in closed reposition, they begin to apply plaster. If the bones are fixed with metal plates, additional immobilization is not required.

How much to be treated and wear a cast

The term of fracture healing is usually 1.5-2 months. In case of a fracture of the olecranon, the plaster is left for 3 weeks. It is possible to exclude the mobility of fragments and sudden movements with the help of removable bandages. But they are used only if the first stage of fusion passed without consequences.

Throughout the treatment, the changes that occur are monitored by radiography. Pictures are taken on the 14th and 28th day. Sometimes the plaster is left for 4 weeks with a fracture without displacement and additional damage. In the case of a shrapnel wound, the patient may wear an immobilizing bandage for longer.

Rehabilitation

It is possible to recover quickly after a fracture of the forearm without displacement. In the event of a blow to the arm bent at the elbow, injuries are minimal, and the bones fuse relatively easily. Open injuries and multiple displacements require many months of recovery after a fracture. The emphasis is on therapeutic exercises, massage, physiotherapy. To avoid the same injuries in the future, you should strengthen the muscles of a weakened arm and develop its motor skills.

In the classical sense, rehabilitation after a fracture of the forearm is unthinkable without increasing physical activity. Moreover, the procedures should be started almost after the operation or the imposition of gypsum.

Physiotherapy

If pain and swelling persist after surgical treatment, then physiotherapy methods will relieve unpleasant symptoms. The patient is shown ultrasound and UHF-therapy. After removing the fixative, phonophoresis, therapeutic baths, thermal procedures are prescribed that enhance tissue renewal. UV therapy deserves special attention. It stimulates the regeneration process and enhances local immunity.

The doctor prescribes physiotherapy exercises for a broken arm immediately after removing the cast. Recommended exercises to develop the hand, strengthen the muscles, increase the accuracy of the fingers. Prolonged wearing of a rigid fixative causes atrophic processes, and physiotherapy exercises are designed to eliminate them.

Massage

In the first stages, the massage includes light strokes. This procedure helps to establish blood supply to tissues and prevents congestion. The specialist combines massage with passive physical exercises: he develops the fingers, the joint in the cyst and the elbow. Self-massage is not always helpful. Improper exposure, in which case pain and discomfort may occur, will do more harm than good. It is better to entrust the development of a hand to a specialist.

Complications

Complications of treatment are additional injuries due to a tight bandage or improperly applied plaster. Complications of the therapy itself are not uncommon. So, the negative consequences of UV radiation can be dermatoses and skin burns. With excessive compression of soft tissues with bandages and dressings, necrosis develops.

To avoid complications of treatment allows constant monitoring of the patient. Instrumental research methods and monitoring radiography exclude the development of irreversible processes. It is especially important to monitor the condition of the injured hand in case of multiple fractures and damage to adjacent tissues.

Consequences

In case of improper fusion of the bones of the forearm, a problem such as. In this case, the hand swells, and its functions are impaired. The main method of eliminating the negative consequences of treatment is surgical correction.

If the nerves and blood vessels are damaged, there may be problems with the mobility of the arm after the removal of the cast. Sometimes it is not possible to completely restore the functionality of a limb. The patient has to deal with stiffness with the help of exercise therapy, apparatus therapy, balneotherapy.

Prevention

Fractures can be avoided only if the risk of injury is minimized. Hand injuries often occur in winter when ice sets in. Properly selected shoes will reduce the risk of falling on your hands. Athletes should wear protective gear and avoid direct blows to the wrist.

The emphasis in prevention is on strengthening muscles and bones. short courses. Calcium supplements are indicated for the elderly and women during menopause. These courses are recommended to be held twice a year.