Ovarian apoplexy (ovarian rupture): causes, consequences. Causes and symptoms of a ruptured ovarian corpus luteum cyst Gynecological and general examination

In most cases, a corpus luteum cyst does not pose a threat to women's health, however, in some cases, the formation of such a cystic formation can lead to some complications.

Statistics claim that women of reproductive age are most susceptible to the formation of a corpus luteum cyst, but this does not mean that young girls and women over forty are not aware of a similar problem.

In fact, scientists today cannot accurately state the causes of the formation of a cyst of the corpus luteum of the ovary, therefore, there is an opinion that this is the result of impaired blood or lymph circulation in the tissues and organs of the small pelvis.

Rupture of the cyst of the corpus luteum of the ovary

Everyone knows that with every menstrual cycle there is an ovulation site. At the same time, one of the follicles matures, then bursts and releases, which is completely ready for fertilization. This phenomenon is accompanied by absolutely imperceptible bleeding. A corpus luteum is formed at the site of egg formation, it is present throughout the entire cycle, after which it develops in the opposite direction.

Ovulation disorders are promoted by inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system in the female body, developmental anomalies, adhesions. This entails continuous bleeding when a mature egg is released, resulting in the formation of a growing hematoma of the follicle. After some time, the hematoma bursts, resulting in a rupture of the corpus luteum cyst.

Causes and symptoms

There are three types of rupture of the corpus luteum cyst, they are distinguished depending on the clinical symptoms:

• pain form
• Hemorrhagic
• mixed

With a rupture, there is always pain and hemorrhagic syndrome, so the above forms can be called conditional.

Depending on the severity, there are mild, moderate and severe forms of ovarian cyst rupture.

What can cause a ruptured ovarian corpus luteum cyst?

• Physical exercise
• active sexual intercourse
• gravity

The middle of menstruation, or a delay thereof, may be accompanied by acute pain in the region of the diseased ovary, while the pain may radiate to the perineum or rectum, the presence of nausea, vomiting, and fainting is not excluded.

The severity of blood loss during rupture of the ovarian corpus luteum cyst sets the development of symptoms.

Treatment of a ruptured corpus luteum cyst

If you feel a sharp pain in the lower abdomen, you must urgently call an ambulance. Treatment of a ruptured ovarian corpus luteum cyst is carried out in a hospital, regardless of the severity of blood loss.

In a medical institution, the diagnosis is confirmed, the volume of blood loss is determined and treatment is prescribed. For example, a mild degree can be managed with a medical method of treatment, with a moderate degree, a laparoscopic operation may be required.

In cases where the rupture of the cyst entails hypovolemic shock, a massive infusion of solutions is prescribed, an emergency laparotomy operation to restore hemostasis.

A corpus luteum cyst is a fairly frequently diagnosed gynecological disease. It can appear as suddenly as it disappears, and its clinical picture resembles many other gynecological diseases.

general characteristics

The corpus luteum is a gland formed in the ovary during a certain period of the menstrual cycle. It is formed at the site of rupture of the follicle and is responsible for the production of progesterone. Due to the specific color of iron, it got its name.

The color of the gland is often compared with the process of the appearance of a hematoma - at first it is red, then blue and gradually begins to turn yellow. This is due to some blood entering when the follicle ruptures.

The corpus luteum develops in the second phase of the menstrual cycle and can reach sizes up to two centimeters. In the stage of maximum development of the gland, the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle begins. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum stops producing progesterone and regresses.

A cyst usually forms when the corpus luteum has not regressed due to impaired blood circulation in the organ and accumulation of fluid. The size of the cyst can reach eight centimeters.

As a rule, a cyst does not threaten the life and health of a woman; there is also an option with its independent resorption. This occurs over several cycles, or in the second trimester if such a cyst is found in a pregnant woman.

Reasons for education

There is no definite reason for the formation of a cyst. It is believed that the appearance of a cyst is influenced by many factors. In particular, the cyst develops due to the rupture of the follicle along with the vessel. Depending on whether the artery or vein has ruptured, as well as on the diameter of the vessel, a certain outpouring of blood occurs.

The risk of cyst formation increases with increased physical and psychological stress, lack of diet, abortion, oophoritis, previous caesarean sections, and so on. The lack of a diet means mono-diets and strict restrictions.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a cyst may not appear at all until a certain period, for example, the cyst itself does not make itself felt. The main symptoms can be identified as follows:

• Discomfort in the pelvic area;
• Pain on the right or left in the groin associated with pressure exerted by the cyst on the ovary and related organs;
• Pain during sexual contact, physical activity, sudden rises or turns;
• Increase in basal body temperature;
• Violations of the regularity of the menstrual cycle;
• Soreness often manifests itself after ovulation, in the second week after the start of the last menstruation.

Sometimes the symptoms of a cyst appear so inconspicuously and similarly to the manifestations of PMS that a woman does not know about the presence of a cyst for years and learns about it randomly during an ultrasound examination.

Gap

Rupture of the ovarian corpus luteum cyst is a rather rare phenomenon that can only be caused by a special load on the organ and on the gland in particular.

The rupture of an ovarian cyst can be triggered by excessive pressure from the outside - for example, during a difficult pregnancy, excessive physical exertion, and serious psychological shocks.

In general, the rupture of an ovarian cyst is quite rare due to the fact that the walls of the cyst are quite thick. If this still happens, there is a sharp burning, piercing pain in the lower abdomen, spreading throughout the pelvic area.

In addition, the pain syndrome is accompanied by a sharp increase in blood pressure, as a concomitant symptom, nausea, vomiting. Additional symptoms may manifest in the development of pre-syncope, chills.

If these symptoms are detected, immediate medical attention is required to remove the cyst membrane and its contents, since there is a high probability of an inflammatory process and suppuration of the membrane.

Complications

Possible complications of the cyst may include the following phenomena:

• Torsion of the pedicle of the ovary is the most common complication that causes apoplexy. Symptoms of this phenomenon are manifested in colicky pain, nausea, vomiting. Intestinal paresis develops, which causes stool retention. Blood pressure drops, a feeling of fear develops. Basically, torsion develops when the cyst reaches more than five centimeters in diameter, or if there is an abrupt infarction of the cyst. Emergency medical assistance required.
• Apoplexy. It manifests itself when a burst bubble of a cyst fills the ovarian cavity and the former place occupied by itself. May burst due to heavy physical exertion, difficult childbirth. Symptoms are manifested in a sharp pain syndrome, nausea, increased blood pressure.

• Cycle breaking. Rejection of the uterine mucosa is delayed by an extended secretory phase. The duration of this phase is just affected by progesterone produced by the corpus luteum. If it is affected by a cyst, the release of progesterone increases dramatically, respectively, there is no rejection.
• Internal bleeding. The cyst may burst with hemorrhage in the pelvic cavity or abdominal cavity, there may be hemorrhage in both cavities. Symptoms appear depending on the amount of hemorrhage. Basically, there is drowsiness, weakness, development of shock. Pallor appears, the heart rate accelerates, blood pressure decreases.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of a corpus luteum cyst is carried out according to personal complaints, gynecological examination, ultrasound and laparoscopy. During a gynecological examination, it is possible to identify a motionless formation, with a pronounced sensitivity to touch. An analysis for tumor markers is also required to exclude a malignant neoplasm.

In addition, pregnancy is excluded, which could develop pathologically in the fallopian tube. Sometimes these phenomena are too similar and laparoscopy is required - the introduction of a laparoscope with a camera for a more detailed study of the formation.

General urine and blood tests may also be required - they help to draw a conclusion about the general condition of the body, the functioning of the reproductive system and the urinary system in particular. The gynecologist will ask about the frequency, profusion of menstruation, sensations during menstruation and before its onset, sexual relationships and their frequency.

Treatment Methods

The first examination usually does not require removal. The patient is placed on a gynecological record and observed for development over time. Usually observation is carried out for several menstrual cycles. This approach is carried out for the reason that the disease often does not interfere with the normal course of pregnancy, if one is planned, and over time it can resolve itself.

To influence the acceleration of resorption, electrophoresis, magnetotherapy and other procedures that do not cause discomfort to the patient are used. During treatment, it is recommended to reduce physical activity, refrain from sexual intercourse to avoid torsion of the ovarian pedicle.

After several cycles, a second diagnosis is carried out. If the formation remains the same or increases in diameter, the question of prompt removal is raised. Today, this is performed not by the traditional surgical method, but with the use of a laparoscope.

With a sharp development of serious complications, such as internal bleeding or organic changes in the tissues of the organ, it may be necessary not only to remove the cyst, but also to remove the entire ovary, therefore the control of the state of the neoplasm and the organ is carried out especially carefully.

Ovarian cyst

Unlike formations in the corpus luteum, a neoplasm in the ovary is formed due to immature eggs that do not leave the ovary, but are collected in connective tissue sacs. This situation also does not always require surgical intervention, except in cases of sharp relapses.

Symptoms and effects on pregnancy are similar. Perhaps the development of polycystic - multiple small formations in the ovary. At the same time, methods of active treatment are already being considered, since the development of infertility is possible. Otherwise, the timely detection and monitoring of the neoplasm makes it possible to painlessly get rid of it if necessary and normally endure the pregnancy.

(g. corporis lutei), see Ovarian apoplexy.

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I Ovarian apoplexy (apoplexia ovarii, Greek apoplexia paralysis; from apoplesso to strike; synonym: ovarian hematoma, ovarian infarction, rupture of the corpus luteum, rupture of the ovary) a sudden hemorrhage into the ovary, accompanied by ... ... Medical Encyclopedia

ovarian apoplexy- (syn.: rupture of the ovary) - a sudden hemorrhage into the ovary, accompanied by a violation of its integrity and bleeding into the abdominal cavity. Most often observed when the corpus luteum ruptures, which is formed in the ovary after ovulation. ... ...

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Often, a corpus luteum cyst does not pose any threat to a woman's health. However, the presence of such an ailment, it can cause the development of certain complications. According to statistics, the representatives of the fair sex who are of reproductive age are most susceptible to the formation of such a pathology, although they can also appear in young girls and those over forty. The exact reasons for which this anomaly develops have not yet been established. In addition, under certain circumstances, a rupture of the corpus luteum cyst may occur, which will have serious health consequences.

As everyone knows, from human anatomy, every menstrual cycle a woman ovulates. In this case, the maturation and rupture of the follicle occurs, from which a mature egg comes out, which is already ready to be fertilized. This process occurs with imperceptible bleeding. So, where the egg appears, the corpus luteum develops, which exists throughout the cycle, and then the reverse process occurs.

Increase

When a woman has any inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, this can cause problems with ovulation. Due to this, during the release of an already mature egg, it occurs, which leads to the development of a hematoma of the follicle.

After a certain time, such a hematoma bursts, which is the cause of the rupture of the corpus luteum (ovarian infarction). Often, the symptoms of pathology occur when negative factors affect the corpus luteum cyst, which leads to its abnormal development and, accordingly, its direct rupture occurs.

Causes and symptoms

In total, there are 3 types of bursting formation of the corpus luteum, which are differentiated based on their symptoms:

• pain form
• Hemorrhagic
• mixed

In the event of a rupture of the corpus luteum of the ovary, this is accompanied by severe pain, as well as hemorrhagic syndrome.

Due to this, the previously mentioned forms are a convention. If we talk about the severity levels of such a gap, then it can be one easy, medium and severe. The exact cause of the occurrence of such a cystic formation has not yet been accurately established, even despite modern advances in medicine and science. However, it is generally accepted that the disease develops due to circulatory disorders that occur in the organs of the small pelvis.

In reality, if there is an anomaly of the corpus luteum, the symptoms will be extremely weak. Therefore, if a woman has certain complaints of severe pain in the pelvic area, as well as an increase in temperature, problems with the menstrual cycle and the appearance of periodic nausea and vomiting, you should promptly go to the hospital. The fact is that such symptoms may be due to the fact that it has burst.

The following factors may lead to this situation:

• Excessive physical activity;
• Very active and prolonged sexual intercourse;
• Lifting big weights.

In this case, the middle of menstruation, or its delay, in this case, will be accompanied by severe pain in the area of ​​​​the affected ovary. In addition, the pain will be given to the perineum. There may also be nausea, vomiting, and sometimes fainting. It is worth noting here that the symptoms that a corpus luteum cyst with hemorrhage () will have depends on the degree of blood loss due to this situation.

Diagnostics

Increase

To diagnose the condition of the corpus luteum cyst, ultrasound is prescribed for the period of the first stage of the cycle. Over time, this survey will be recommended to be carried out also in other periods. Often, such pathologies are detected in the place where the rupture of the follicle occurred, in which the accumulation of fluid had previously occurred.

When the dimensions of the corpus luteum are more than 3 cm in diameter, then in this case it is called a cyst. At the same time, it should be noted that the average growth rate of such an anomaly allows it to grow to a size of 8 cm in 3 months of growth.

By and large, the development of a ruptured cyst of the corpus luteum (as well as) is a serious anomalous condition, most often occurring unexpectedly. Due to this, any of the possible complications that appear in this case will have almost the same picture. It is often referred to in medicine as symptoms of an acute abdomen.

Because of this, it is quite difficult to make a timely diagnosis and predict in advance a possible rupture of the corpus luteum. Acute symptoms, which will be marked by severe pain, vomiting, fever and low blood pressure, will not allow for a long study. This is due to the fact that such a situation will require immediate hospitalization.

Treatment

As long as there are no complications, the corpus luteum, located directly in the ovary, can hardly be called a sentence. As its conservative treatment, special hormonal therapy is often used. For this, oral contraceptives can be used, which must be used strictly according to the scheme and dosage indicated by the doctor.

They are necessary to adjust the hormonal balance in a woman's body. Also, physiotherapy and balneological procedures can be used as conservative therapy.

But when a cystic anomaly ruptures, the only treatment option is surgery.

In total, there are several methods used to carry out such an operation:

• laparotomy;

Laparoscopy

Often, the choice of the type of treatment will depend on the intensity of the existing clinical manifestations, as well as the availability of the necessary equipment in the medical institution. Today, they try to carry out precisely laparoscopy, due to low trauma and a short period of rehabilitation. The essence of such an operation is to fill the abdominal space with a special gas, after which, through small incisions, insert a laparoscope and the instruments necessary for the operation there.

Next, the removal of the pathological formation itself is carried out. The doctor will see the state of the cavity on the monitor screen, due to the introduced mini-camera, which will allow for manipulations as accurately as possible. Read more about the course of the operation in.