Household and service services for the population of Okpd. All-Russian classifiers of services to the population
In Russian reality, it has developed its own idea of the service sector, which has been realized in the theoretical aspect of service and in the practice of its real existence.
To clearly distinguish non-production sectors in reporting and other documents, in 1976 in Russia (USSR) the all-Union classifier “Branches of the National Economy” (OKONKh) was introduced, which in 1992 was modified in relation to the conditions of the Russian market economy.
OKONH represents groupings of activities by industry in accordance with their functions in the general system of division of labor (the main division into the sphere of material production and non-production sphere).
The sphere of material production includes all types of activities that create material goods in the form of products, energy and other functions that are a continuation of production in the sphere of circulation (storage, transportation, etc.). Non-productive activities include: housing and communal services, healthcare, social security, public education, science and scientific services, culture and art, finance and credit, etc.
In 1993, the “All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activities, Products and Services” OK 004-93 (OKDP) was approved, which is part of the Unified System of Classification and Coding of Technical, Economic and Social Information of the Russian Federation (ESKK). This classifier, unlike OKONH, more fully covers the activities of the service sector and is built on the basis of the International Standard Industrial Classification (MCOK/ISIC) and the International Classification of Basic Products (ICOP/CPC).
In a single code space, OKDP combined three classification objects: 1) types of economic activity; 2) types of products; 3) types of services. The code adopted in OKDP allows for international comparisons.
The structure of the OKDP code when classifying types of economic activity provides for the identification of the following hierarchies: section of economic activity (coded in capital letters of the Latin alphabet from A to Q); subsections, groups, subgroups and groupings, which are coded by numbers. For example, O 9249 - activities for organizing recreation and entertainment. OKDP codes are used in statistical reporting.
In contrast to international practice, Russia also has the “All-Russian Classifier of Services to the Population” OK 002-93 (OKUN), introduced on January 1, 1994.
The All-Russian Classifier of Services to the Population is a structural element of the unified system of classification and coding of technical, economic and social information (ESKK TEI).
In the preamble of OKUN it is noted that the classifier was developed to solve the following problems: development and improvement of standardization in the field of services to the public; carrying out certification of services in order to ensure life safety, health of consumers and environmental protection, preventing damage to consumers’ property; increasing the efficiency of computer technology; accounting and forecasting of objects of sale of services to the population; studying population demand for services; provision of services to the population by enterprises and organizations of various organizational and legal forms of ownership and citizens; harmonization of the classification of services to the population with international classifications; updating types of services taking into account new socio-economic conditions in the Russian Federation.
The classifier includes the following groups of services:
01 - household services;
02 - transport services;
03 - communication services;
04 - housing and communal services;
05 - services of cultural institutions;
06 - tourist services and services of accommodation facilities for temporary residence of tourists;
07 - physical education and sports services;
08 - medical services, health resort services, veterinary services;
09 - legal services;
10 - banking services;
11 - services in the education system;
12 - trade and catering services, market services;
80 - other services to the population.
However, note that we are dealing with today's classifier. The authors, undoubtedly, predicted such a turn of events and, judging by the encoding, reserved the collective right to expand the classifier as the country formed a full-fledged service by modern standards.
On January 1, 2003, the All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activities OK 029-2001 (OKVED) came into force in Russia. The introduction of this classifier made it possible to cancel OKONKH and parts 1, IV OKDP. This classifier has a number of objective advantages in terms of the adequacy of groupings and structuring of activities compared to the outdated OKONH.
The structure of the code contains a Latin letter (indicates a section), for example, H - “Hotels and Restaurants”, I - “Transport and Communications”, and numbers. For example, I 63.30.1 - “Transport and communications”, subsection 63 - “Auxiliary and additional transport activities”; 30.1 - “Organization of comprehensive tourism services”; 30.3 - “Providing tourist information services.” In general, OKVED corresponds with OKDP, is used to identify industry affiliation, and is also used in statistical reporting.
Issues for discussion
1. What is included in the concept of “service sector”?
2. Define the concepts of “service” and “service”.
3. Explain the concepts of “service” and “service”.
4. List the functions of the service sector.
5. Determine the role of the service sector in the social division of labor.
6. Classification of the service sector in accordance with the functional focus.
7. Classification of service processes from a process (operational) point of view.
8. All-Russian classifiers of services to the population. Industry classification of services.
9. What is the structure of the code designation of a classification object according to the All-Russian Classifier of Services to the Population OK 002-93 (OKUN)?
This section includes:
The physical and/or chemical processing of materials, substances or components with the aim of converting them into new products, although this cannot be used as a single universal criterion for defining production (see "waste recycling" below)
Materials, substances or transformed components are raw materials, i.e. products from agriculture, forestry, fisheries, rocks and minerals and other manufactured products. Significant periodic changes, updates or conversions of products are considered to be related to production.
The products produced may be ready for consumption or may be a semi-finished product for further processing. For example, the product of aluminum purification is used as a raw material for the primary production of aluminum products, such as aluminum wire, which in turn will be used in the necessary structures; production of machinery and equipment for which these spare parts and accessories are intended. The production of non-specialized components and parts of machinery and equipment, such as engines, pistons, electric motors, valves, gears, bearings, is classified in the appropriate grouping of Section C, Manufacturing, regardless of which machinery and equipment these items may include. However, the production of specialized components and accessories by casting/molding or stamping of plastic materials is included in Class 22.2. The assembly of components and parts is also classified as production. This section includes the assembly of complete structures from constituent components, produced independently or purchased. Waste recycling, i.e. processing of waste for the production of secondary raw materials is included in group 38.3 (activities for processing secondary raw materials). Although physical and chemical processing may occur, this is not considered part of manufacturing. The primary purpose of these activities is basic waste treatment or treatment, which is classified in section E (water supply; sewerage, waste management, pollution control activities). However, the production of new finished products (as opposed to products made from recycled materials) applies to all production as a whole, even if waste is used in these processes. For example, producing silver from film waste is considered a manufacturing process. Special maintenance and repair of industrial, commercial and similar machinery and equipment are generally included in group 33 (repair and installation of machinery and equipment). However, repair of computers and household devices is listed in group 95 (repair of computers, personal items and household items), while at the same time, automobile repair is described in group 45 (wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles). Installation of machinery and equipment as a highly specialized activity is classified in group 33. 20
Note - The boundaries of manufacturing with other sections of this classifier may not have a clear, unambiguous specification. Typically, manufacturing involves the processing of materials to produce new products. Usually these are completely new products. However, determining what constitutes a new product can be somewhat subjective
Processing implies the following types of activities involved in production and defined in this classifier:
Processing of fresh fish (removing oysters from shells, filleting fish) not carried out on board a fishing vessel, see 10.20;
Pasteurization of milk and bottling, see 10.51;
Leather dressing, see 15.11;
Sawing and planing of wood; impregnation of wood, see 16.10;
Printing and related activities, see 18.1;
Tire retreading, see 22.11;
Production of ready-to-use concrete mixtures, see 23.63;
Electroplating, metallization and heat treatment of metal, see 25.61;
Mechanical equipment for repair or overhaul (e.g. automobile engines), see 29.10
There are also types of activities included in the processing process, which are reflected in other sections of the classifier, i.e. they are not classified as manufacturing industries.
These include:
Logging classified under Section A (AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, HUNTING, FISHING AND FISH CULTURE);
Modification of agricultural products classified in section A;
Preparation of food products for immediate consumption on premises, classified in group 56 (activities of catering establishments and bars);
Processing of ores and other minerals, classified in section B (MINERAL MINING);
Construction and assembly work carried out on construction sites, classified in section F (CONSTRUCTION);
Activities of breaking down large quantities of goods into smaller units and secondary marketing of smaller quantities, including packaging, repackaging or bottling products such as alcoholic beverages or chemicals;
Sorting of solid waste;
Mixing paints according to customer's order;
Metal cutting according to customer's order;
Explanations for various goods classified under section G (WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTORCYCLES)
- Responsible for classifier support: Rostekhregulirovanie
- Reason: Resolution of the State Standard of Russia dated June 28, 1993 No. 163 01/01/1994
- Approved: 03/28/2008
- Came into effect: 06/01/2008
| Code OKUN | Name of service | CC |
|---|---|---|
| 050000 | Services of cultural institutions | 9 |
| 090000 | Legal services | 7 |
| 040000 | Housing and communal services | 8 |
| 800000 | Other services to the population | 8 |
| 080000 | Medical services, health resort services, veterinary services | 5 |
| 020000 | Transport services | 4 |
| 110000 | Services in the education system | 3 |
| 120000 | Trade and catering services, market services | 5 |
| 010000 | Domestic services | 2 |
| 060000 | Tourist services and accommodation services for temporary residence of tourists | 1 |
| 070000 | Physical education and sports services | 3 |
| 100000 | Banking services | 1 |
| 030000 | Communication services | 6 |
What is OKUN
OKUN is the abbreviated name of the all-Russian classifier of services to the population, which is part of the Unified System of Coding and Classification of Technical, Economic and Social Information. OKUN is designed to solve problems such as:
- Studying the supply and demand of any services
- Comparison of the derived domestic classification with international standards and norms
- Assistance in the possibility of providing the population with various services by enterprises of various forms of ownership, including individual entrepreneurs
- Identification of current services that are required by the population in a changing market
- Improving the efficiency of using computer technology
- Ensuring consumer safety in terms of health and life, protecting the environment, preventing damage to property and other harm through certification of services
- Accounting and forecasting the volume of services required by the population
- Improvement and development of standardization in this area
OKUN was designed to replace 2 outdated Soviet rubricators.
How objects are classified in OKUN
Maintaining the classifier is the responsibility of the VNIIKI of the State Standard of the Russian Federation, which interacts closely with other ministries and departments of Russia, enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership that provide all kinds of services to the population. The objects of the all-Russian classifier of services to the population are services provided by legal entities and individual entrepreneurs to the population. It is worth noting that neither the methods of serving the population nor the organizational and legal form matter, as long as they are legal.
What sections of OKUN codes exist?
For OKUN, a hierarchical classification has been adopted; the entire classification set of objects is divided into groups. Next, each group is divided into subgroups, which in turn are divided according to their functional purpose into types of activities. The classifier uses a sequential coding system. OKUN includes such groups as household services, passenger transport services, communication services, housing and communal services, services of cultural institutions, excursion and tourism services, sports and physical education services, sanatorium and health services, medical services, veterinary services, legal services character, services in the education system, banking services, market services, catering and trade services, and other services to the population.
What is the code structure in OKUN?
The codes of the all-Russian classifier of services to the population look like this: XX X X XX KCH, where KCH is the control number. The first two digits are the first level of the hierarchy, where the general group of services to the population is highlighted (there are 13 in total). Under the number three, at the second level of the hierarchy in the OKUN code, a subgroup is identified that specifies the general group. The third level of the hierarchy corresponds to the number four, where the type of service is indicated. In the code entry for the all-Russian classifier of services to the population, spaces are not used, except in the case of separating a control number. In the classifier, each object is represented by 2 blocks: the block name and OKUN codes (6 digits plus a control number). In the names block, actively abbreviated names are used, and if any word is omitted, a dash is added; for repetitions, a slash is used.
In the document flow system of business entities and regulatory authorities, it is customary to use a number of letter and numeric combinations (codes) to reflect information about an enterprise or entrepreneur, products produced in a specific period, etc. This is necessary to speed up the procedure for recognizing incoming reports by software and systematizing information into categories depending on the codes it contains. This approach is actively used by tax authorities and Rosstat.
OKUN - what is it?
All types of codes used in official documents are approved by law at the federal level. Codes and their interpretations are given in specialized classifiers. One of them, until 2017, was OKUN - a classifier that provides systematized data on the services provided by business entities that are aimed at meeting the needs of the population.
This type of classifier was put into effect by Gosstandart by Decree No. 163 dated June 28, 1993. The objects of classification according to OKUN are types of services to the population that can be provided by different business entities using any service methods. The classifier was supposed to become a tool for solving the following set of problems:
formation of a systematic database for statistical monitoring of indicators of demand and supply for different types of services to the population;
creation of regulatory mechanisms for comprehensive assistance to business entities in the provision of services to individuals;
the ability to compare types of OKUN with unified international classification systems for services;
separation of current services from those that are no longer in demand due to dynamic changes in the market;
increasing the level of efficiency of computer data processing;
forecasting the volume of demand for services in future periods;
development of a standardization system in the field of meeting the needs of citizens.
OKUN services
The OKUN classifier consists of 13 sections, grouping codes by types of services provided. Each data block contains service codes and their detailed explanations. When developing ciphers, the technique of creating a hierarchical structure of codes was taken as a basis. This means that at the beginning of the OKUN code there are generalizing numeric symbols, each subsequent character provides a more detailed decoding. The code consists of 6 characters, to which the value of the check number is added at the end.
In the OKUN classifier, activities are presented in the following categories:
Household services.
Transportation by passenger transport.
Communication services.
Housing and communal services.
Services provided to the population by cultural institutions.
Services in the field of tourism, excursion activities.
Physical education and sports.
Medical services, health care services, veterinary medicine.
Legal support.
Banking activities as they relate to servicing individuals.
Educational services.
Trade, catering.
Other types of services.
The OKUN classifier has ceased to be used since 2017; it was canceled by order of Rosstandart dated January 31, 2014 No. 14-st. OKUN in 2018 is being replaced by code ciphers, which are recorded in the new classifiers OKPD2 and OKVED2 (approved by the same order No. 14-st).
For the convenience of special regime officers who specialize in providing services to the population, a selection of existing classifiers was compiled, containing only codes related to household services. The OKUN encoding can be compared with them, the decoding may differ in form, but the content of many articles has been preserved. Systematized lists of current codes are given in Government Order No. 2496-r dated November 24, 2016.
The correspondence of OKUN codes to the codes of various classifiers (transition keys) can also be found on ]]> website ]]> of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.
The tables reflect data on which codes for services to the population were used before 2017 (OKUN), in 2018 with a breakdown by type of activity and with new codes according to the OKPD2 and OKVED2 classifiers. It is the codes of the last two types that should appear in the reporting forms of business entities using them instead of the canceled OKUN codes.
You can download the OKUN classifier with the OKPD2 correspondence table below.
Included in the Unified System of Classification and Coding of Social and Technical and Economic Information. In this regard, among the main tasks OKUN the following are called:
- studying the demand and supply of certain services;
- facilitating the ability to provide a variety of services to the population by enterprises of any form of ownership, including individual entrepreneurs;
- comparison of the derived Russian OKUN classification with international norms and standards;
- identification of current types of services required by the population in connection with changing market conditions;
- ensuring consumer safety in terms of life and health, protecting the environment, preventing damage to property and other harm through certification of services;
- improving the efficiency of using computers and computer equipment;
- forecasting and recording the volume of services required by the population;
- development and improvement of standardization in this industry.
All-Russian classifier of services to the population was intended to replace two outdated rubricators in the USSR. Its responsibility lies in the area of responsibility of the VNIIKI of the State Standard of Russia, which closely interacts with other departments and ministries of the Russian Federation, as well as organizations and enterprises of various forms of ownership that provide all kinds of services to the population. Accordingly, the objects of OKUN are not only services provided to the population by legal entities, but also by individual entrepreneurs. In this case, neither the organizational and legal form nor the methods of serving the population themselves matter, as long as they are legal in nature.
Codes in OKUN
The All-Russian Classifier of Services to the Population uses a hierarchical classification structure and a sequential coding method. OKUN codes look like this: XX X X XX CN, where CN is the control number. At the first level of the hierarchy (the first two digits), a general group of services to the population is distinguished. The classifier identifies 13 of them. Each of them is assigned its own serial number - from 1 to 12, and number 80 is assigned to all other services to the population. Among the groups of OKUN services you can find, in particular, medical, tourism, household, housing and communal services, as well as banking, communications, cultural institutions, legal services and many others.
At the second level of the hierarchy, under the number 3, a subgroup is identified in the code, which specifies the general group. Number 4 corresponds to the third level of the hierarchy, where the type of service is indicated. But the last two digits before the CN mean a specific service. In recording OKUN codes written without spaces except for separating the control number, i.e. like this: XXXXXXX KCH.
Each object in the classifier is expressed in two blocks: OKUN codes (six digits and CN) plus a name block. In the latter, abbreviated names are actively used, and if a word is missing, a dash is added, and a slash is used for repetitions.
