Individual and legal entity in entrepreneurship - what is the difference? “Private Individual” – a film-harbinger of the future

How do individuals differ from legal entities? Physical ones are created by nature, and legal ones are created by other persons. They act on the basis of special acts and regulations.

General definition of legal entities and individuals

In order to understand how a legal entity differs from an individual, you must first know their definitions. Both of them can enter into business relations within the framework of the law, accepting certain obligations. At the same time, they receive specific opportunities to achieve their goals.

Individual

What is the difference between a legal entity and an individual? Let's look at the second category of subjects in more detail. A natural person is a citizen of the Russian Federation, a foreigner, and even a person who does not have citizenship, but is endowed with certain responsibilities and rights by virtue of his existence. He acts as a subject of legal relations and has legal capacity. Individuals may differ in age, financial status, place of residence, and nationality.

Entity

How to distinguish a legal entity from an individual? Legal a person is an enterprise - an organization that was created by a citizen and has undergone legal registration. Firms can be commercial and non-commercial, have certain property and take part in economic, business activities and dispose only of separate property that is on the balance sheet.

Legal entities can enter into contracts and make legal transactions, participate in court hearings as defendants or plaintiffs. They can also exercise their rights and fulfill these obligations.

Responsibilities and capabilities

The rights of individuals are determined by regulatory documents, according to which a person can own property, get a job, study, get married, etc. In legal acts for legal entities. individuals are prescribed freedom of action within certain limits, according to responsibilities and rights, and the terms of the contract are determined that do not contradict regulatory documents.

The responsibilities and capabilities of legal entities and individuals are closely interrelated. This is manifested in the fact that the opportunity of one is the responsibility of the other. In an effort to obtain more rights, which disrupts the business balance, relations between individuals and legal entities may be deformed.

Legal capacity of individuals

The legal capacity of an individual refers to certain responsibilities and the implementation of goals and opportunities. Individuals and legal entities: what is the difference between them? Phys. a person has the right:

• have property;
• inherit and bequeath material assets;
• engage in business activities;
• create a legal entity persons and take an active part in them;
• perform any actions and transactions that do not contradict the law;
• choose a place of residence;
• have copyright on everything created by individuals. person personally (products of intellectual activity, works of art, science, etc.).

Capacity

Let us next consider individuals and legal entities. The difference between them, first of all, is manifested in the fact that physical. a person can be of any nationality, choose a place of residence, become an entrepreneur of his own free will at any time, etc., provided that the person has legal capacity.

That is, he must be able to perform the duties specified by law and exercise his rights. You can become a legally capable individual only after reaching the age of majority. And after that you are allowed to interact with legal entities.

Distinctive characteristics

How are individuals and legal entities different? The difference lies in the definition itself. A legal entity can only appear after legal registration with government agencies. An individual acquires status according to the fact of his existence. Thus, legal entities and individuals differ initially in the fact of acquiring the ability to fulfill their desires and achieve their goals.

How do individuals differ from legal entities: the main differences

A legal entity can be formed by an individual. Education takes place according to the procedure established by law. Legal registration persons is carried out in special government bodies that also deal with liquidation. This is the second main difference, since an individual is not subject to destruction.

The status of “legal entity” can be registered by one or a group of people. After registration, a name appears that cannot be used by other legal entities. faces. Individuals have names that may belong to other citizens.

Structure

What is the difference between a legal entity and an individual? Organizations, unlike individuals, are subject to certain requirements:

• process control;
• organizational unity;
• orderliness of connections.

All main points are included in the charter, which is subject to mandatory registration. A legal entity is created on the basis of combining the personal efforts and capital of the participants and their property.

Decisions are made at general meetings. The terms, direction of activity and share participation are drawn up on them. The organization has a constituent agreement, which stipulates the rights and obligations of participants, and the applicable penalties for failure to comply with the conditions.

A legal entity can be registered either by one person or by a group of people. If there is only one founder, he is the sole owner and director of the enterprise.

Separate ownership

What other difference is there? An individual differs from a legal entity in one more important point. This is a separate property. It may be under management, ownership or economic use. But it is used only for business and intended purposes. Individuals can dispose of their property not only for their own business, but also for other purposes.

Responsibility

How do individuals differ from legal entities? Legal individuals can only be brought to administrative and civil liability, and individuals – in addition to criminal and disciplinary liability. Phys. a person is always defined in the singular, and a legal entity can consist of a group of people.

Regarding physical a person may be subject to criminal proceedings. And liquidation is only the natural death of a person. Otherwise, this is violence, which is punishable by law. There is such an option as bankruptcy. Financial insolvency proceedings can be applied to an individual in the same way as to a legal entity.

Entities can enter into transactions with each other. But at the same time, a legal entity is responsible for its debt only with those real estate assets that are on the balance sheet of the enterprise. And an individual is liable for debts with all the property that he owns. An organization can be declared bankrupt or liquidated, but imprisoned like an individual. face is impossible.

As soon as registration has been completed, a legal entity acquires responsibilities and rights for which it must be responsible. And physical a person gives an account of his actions only after reaching the age of majority.

Registration physical and legal persons

Individuals, as well as legal entities, receive the right to engage in entrepreneurial activities only after registration. But this procedure for organizations is somewhat different than for individuals. persons

Exceptions for individuals

There are also exceptions in the legislation regarding when it is possible to engage in commercial activities without state registration. At the age of 14 to 18, young people have the right to independently make transactions:

• household;
• aimed at acquiring gratuitous benefits that do not require state registration or notarization;
• dispose of funds that were provided to a minor for no purpose or for specific purposes;
• invest your own funds in credit institutions;
• dispose of donated money and other income at your own discretion;
• join cooperatives.

All responsibility for the legal execution of any transactions by minors lies with their parents, adoptive parents or guardians.

Features of investing

How do individuals differ from legal entities? Individual entrepreneurs, unlike legal entities, often do not have the opportunity to turn the results of their activities into income and reinvest money in the development of their own business.

In particular, we are talking about the fact that a person may not bother creating and registering a legal entity, but engage in simple business activities. For example, giving people rides in your car, giving lectures, etc. But a legal entity has more opportunities, since the activities of enterprises are aimed not only at generating income, but also at developing and expanding the business. Organizations (legal entities) can take out a larger loan amount than an individual. Moreover, the conditions for lending in banks are different for legal entities and individuals.

Director Alexander Proshkin is better known to domestic audiences for his films “Doctor Zhivago”, “Olga Sergeevna” and the outstanding “Cold Summer of '53”. But his brainchild - the crime mini-series "Private Person" - is not inferior in quality and professionalism to the above-mentioned films. This is a strong Soviet detective story in the best traditions of the genre. It perfectly conveys the atmosphere of the collapse of Soviet society. And the duality of the protagonist’s position is indicated in the title of the film. “Private Individual” is a film that boasts a gripping plot and a tough manner of presentation, highlighting a certain period in the life of the society of the USSR, the collapse of which is just around the corner.

Plot

Most of the descriptions presented for this film contain one significant inaccuracy, which is repeated not only on the Internet, but also in several film reference books. According to the correct version, the main character, police colonel Lukyanov (Anatoly Kuznetsov), together with his wife comes to a famous resort town, where his childhood friend lives, now an employee of the local department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs - police major Alekseev (Gennady Yukhtin). During a short meeting, old friends agree to see each other tomorrow. During the conversation, Alekseev shows clear signs of anxiety, referring to a matter that urgently needs to be resolved. But the friends were not destined to meet again; Alekseev, during a night trip on a mission, is hit by an unknown car. The man dies on the spot. Having learned about the tragedy, Lukyanov offers local operatives assistance in the investigation as a private individual. He considers it his duty to the deceased to find out the circumstances of his death. This is a brief synopsis characterizing the plot narrative of the film “Private Individual”.

Scenario

It is extremely difficult for a non-specialist to evaluate the work of a screenwriter. From the very first minutes of the timing, one can feel the hand of a professional in the style of narration. Screenwriter Ivan Mendzheritsky went in the right direction, choosing a small resort town to reveal the problem in the film “Private Individual”. It was affected only by the echo of the terms emanating from the mechanisms of the political system of that era. So unobtrusively Mendzheritsky conveyed the addictive nature of the problems of the specified time period.

Installation

G. Ilyukhina did the entire amount of work in good faith. The fact is that “Private Person” is a film whose scripted narrative structure is intertwined with a special editing gluing so that the edges delimiting the plot lines remain unnoticed and even acquire a special tinted profiling frame. It is because of this that the story looks noble and complete. Both set designer Pyotr Prorokov and cameraman Felix Kefchiyan proved their professionalism.

Musical accompaniment

The musical compositions of Eduard Artemyev in the film “Private Person” become a prism reflecting the entire range of dramatic and tragic substances. It’s like a quiet breeze envelops the beholder, penetrates the soul, touching invisible threads, and does not leave anyone indifferent.

Excellent ensemble cast

Before us is an exceptional crime film with a unique flavor of the era, which actors Anatoly Kuznetsov, Galina Polskikh, Tatyana Tashkova, Leonhard Merzin and Georgy Drozd helped to recreate with their brilliant performances. The viewer is immersed in the atmosphere of the film thanks to their facial expressions, gestures, and phrases. The duet of Tashkova and Kuznetsov especially stands out from the background of their colleagues. Nikolai Denisov is extremely charming, and Merzin brilliantly coped with the role of a cynical criminal.

Even the performers of the tiniest, episodic roles coped with their task. All scenes were played perfectly. Just remember “Jack” - Sanka Korolkova (Alexander Daleky), who was the youngest member of the cast of the film “Private Person”. The actors and roles were perfectly matched to each other.

A tape that has not lost its relevance

The film turned out to be deep, interesting, with a strong moral message. It has not lost its relevance to this day. The movie “Private Person” is a worthy detective story of its era: a dashingly twisted plot, decent stunts, amazing foresight and forecasting of the future. The creators seem to have outlined the paths along which our society has recently passed. The main character is shown as a professional in his field, who will not find a place in the near future. Unfortunately, he will be surpassed on the career ladder by more lively and less principled employees.

And the addition of “individuals” takes into account the fact that in addition to citizens, there are also people within the Russian Federation who are not its citizens. In international agreements, as well as in the legislation of many countries, the concept of “citizens” is not used, but only the concept of “individuals” is used, as having a broader content, since it covers all people as participants in civil and other legal relations on the territory of a given country (or given countries ) .

The age of an individual and the conditions under which he acquires legal capacity, tortious capacity and legal capacity are established by national legislation.

In general, an individual may have different legal statuses, sometimes several at once, such as stateless person, citizen, foreigner, refugee.

Encyclopedic YouTube

1 / 5

✪ Man. Citizen. Individual. What is your legal status?

✪ Who are individuals, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs?

✪ What is an “individual” and an “offer”?

✪ Legal entity and individual

✪ Filling out the ESF for an individual

Subtitles

An individual as a subject of civil law

An individual, as a participant in civil legal relations, has a number of characteristics and properties that individualize him and influence his legal status. Such signs and properties include: Name, age, citizenship, Family status, floor.

Name of individual

Each person participates in civil legal relations under a certain name and only relatively rarely - under a pseudonym or anonymously (without a name). The name is one of the means of individualizing a citizen as a participant in civil legal relations. The concept of “name” may have different meanings in different states. Thus, the “name” in the broad sense of most peoples of Russia includes the surname, first name and patronymic. According to the law, a citizen acquires and exercises civil rights and obligations only under his own name. The acquisition of such rights and obligations under the name of another person is not permitted.

In Germany, a name in the broad sense consists of a surname and at least one given name. The academic degree and titles of the person are also part of the name. Protection of a name is carried out at the request of the interested person if his right to the name is disputed by some other person or if another person assigns the same name to himself.

The right to a name is one of the most important non-property rights of an individual. good name is an intangible benefit that belongs to a citizen, is protected by law and is classified as an inalienable benefit. The law provides for the protection of the right to a name in cases of distortion of the name or its use in ways or forms that affect the honor of an individual, his dignity or business reputation.

Age

Age is a circumstance on which, in accordance with the law, the status of an individual depends.

The law determines the age at which minors become partially legally capable. Age is of decisive importance when deciding such issues as declaring a minor citizen fully capable, when citizens become members of cooperative organizations, when determining the circle of heirs, as well as persons entitled to compensation for harm caused to health, and in many other cases.

In accordance with German law, delictual capacity is a special case of legal capacity and therefore the age limits and scope of restrictions on delictual capacity are the same as for legal capacity. At the same time, the Civil Code establishes that for persons between the ages of seven and eighteen to become liable, they must have sufficient understanding to understand this responsibility.

International law

The foundations of international law governing the situation of individuals are laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1996 and its Optional Protocols, in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966, in the European Convention on the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms of 1950 and the Protocols thereto, in the CIS Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1995.

Legal status of individuals as subjects of private international law

The most commonly used restrictions affecting individuals are restrictions on the activities of foreign investors in certain areas of the economy, for example, in the field of subsoil development, mining, fishing, etc. Thus, in New Zealand, legislation restricts investments of foreign investors in radio broadcasting and television fifteen percent of the capital, and in fishing - 24.9%.

In many countries, foreigners are differentiated and divided into several categories (tourists, students, seasonal workers, persons who have received a residence permit, pensioners, living on rent, etc.), on which the legal status of the foreigner depends.

Legal capacity of foreign individuals

Legal status of an individual in the Russian Federation

The main characteristics of an individual are:

Legal personality

• Legal capacity is the ability to become a participant in civil legal relations and bear civil responsibilities.

Capacity

Legal capacity is the ability to acquire and exercise rights and obligations through one’s actions. In different branches of law, legal capacity is determined by different age categories.

Full capacity comes:

• From the age of 18, as well as from the moment of marriage of a minor
• A teenager can be emancipated upon reaching 16 years of age if he works

Individual entrepreneurship is attracting more and more citizens, and often those who plan to become an entrepreneur have a legal question: is an individual entrepreneur an individual or an organization? Free market conditions create a situation where people open their own small business, becoming self-employed and receiving a certain income from their activities (selling goods, providing services). To answer the question, you need to understand the peculiarities of the work of individual entrepreneurs and Russian legislation.

From the point of view of the laws of the Russian Federation, an individual entrepreneur is:

• individual;
• carries out operations in the field of economics according to the right obtained after registering an individual entrepreneur with the tax office.

That is, individual entrepreneur is the entrepreneurial activity of individuals.

However, those who want to start a business face difficulties in determining their legal status as an individual entrepreneur. This vagueness of interpretation is due to imperfect legislation, which does not clearly state whether an individual entrepreneur is an individual or a legal entity. Another difficulty is that, although an individual entrepreneur is characterized as a natural person, he also has a number of characteristics inherent in a legal entity. Thanks to this, the entrepreneur, along with civil rights, is subject to certain paragraphs of state regulations.

There is a prevailing misconception in society that an individual entrepreneur is only a legal entity. This opinion is caused by the conviction that an individual entrepreneur is endowed with the rights and obligations inherent in legal entities. But the Civil Code of the Russian Federation does not allow one to agree with this, establishing for individual entrepreneurs the rights of both a citizen and a legal entity.

This confusion of rights is an integral property of individual entrepreneurs. Thus, a registered individual entrepreneur who has officially received this status has the right to purchase services/goods both for his own needs and for the purposes of his business and any business transactions. Today there are no tools to adequately assess the legality of these actions. There are only a small number of situations where the law describes all the obligations and rights of an individual entrepreneur.

To understand whether an entrepreneur represents a subtype of legal entity or not, it is necessary to learn in more detail what a legal entity is as such.

So, a legal entity is an organization that owns property, ranging in size from small to large. Such a company becomes both a defendant and a plaintiff before the court, and is able to delegate certain rights to itself. The term can be defined as “an officially registered association of a group of persons bound by common goals and interests.”

Signs by which a company is classified as a legal entity. persons:

1. Separate property.
2. Responsibility for property rights.
3. Having your own registered name.

“Separateness” refers to the ownership of certain property by a legal entity. Such property belongs specifically to the company, and not to the individuals within it. Also, any company is required by law to have a company seal and a bank account.

Other Features:

• some restrictions regarding the transfer of cash to other companies;
• increased level of administrative responsibility;
• state certificate registration.

Thus, an individual entrepreneur has the features of both a legal entity and an individual, being both a citizen and an enterprise.

To determine common features, it is important to understand what responsibilities and characteristics a citizen has. An individual has the right to participate in any process where he has equal rights with other participants.

• transport sector;
• production;
• stock exchange operations;
• trade.

Individuals can carry out business transactions, make transactions and enter into contracts on a personal basis. People are also allowed relationships with organizations.

Although an entrepreneur is required to register, the specifics of the work differ from organization to organization.

Signs of distinction:

• Document management is carried out according to a simplified scheme;
• An individual entrepreneur is responsible for the offense committed, but to a lesser extent compared to a legal entity. face;
• within the framework of the obligations assumed, the individual entrepreneur is liable with the property belonging to him - similar to an ordinary citizen.

All these factors bring some confusion to the question of who an individual entrepreneur is in Russia, and whether it is wrong to classify him as an individual or legal entity. Today the situation is such that not a single answer can be considered correct.

An individual entrepreneur is a special subject of the economic life of the state, having the characteristics of both a company and an individual, and enjoying a number of powers of a legal entity. However, it differs from both of these groups. There are no exact grounds to assert that a person who has become an entrepreneur is an organization, since the legislation leaves room for maneuvers and casuistry. It is advisable to focus on the similarities between individual entrepreneurship and the work of a legal entity.

Under certain conditions, an individual entrepreneur has the right to decide whether he will appear as an entrepreneur or as an ordinary citizen when entering into civil or economic relations. This affects the amount of payments to the entrepreneur, the amount of taxation, etc.

So, we found out whether the individual entrepreneur is a commercial organization.

But there are a number of situations when an entrepreneur acts as a legal entity:

1. Attracting employees is similar to an enterprise.
2. Opening a bank account to conduct business.
3. Creation and use of a seal to certify contracts and other documents. In this case, unlike an organization, it is not necessary to have an individual entrepreneur’s seal.
4. Carrying out economic activities on a par with legal entities – but not all of them.

There are some areas where only an individual entrepreneur can work, but a legal entity cannot, and vice versa. A good example of this situation is private security.

Becoming an individual entrepreneur has a number of advantages over those who have chosen the form of registration of a legal entity:

• simplicity of design. It is very easy to create or liquidate an individual entrepreneur; what takes most of all is waiting for an entry to make changes to the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs. In comparison with individual entrepreneurs, a commercial organization is forced to follow a difficult path;
• stopping the work of an individual entrepreneur also takes very little time;
• the entrepreneur is not limited in the use of his income: the money can either be put into circulation for the needs of the business, or spent at his own discretion;
• no tax is paid if personal property belonging to the entrepreneur is used for commerce;
• accounting and reporting are submitted using a simplified system;
• The individual entrepreneur is free to make decisions on issues of conducting business. It is much easier to agree on them, figuratively speaking, with yourself than by convening a meeting of shareholders/directors of the enterprise. There are no internal disagreements, which are often found among legal entities;
• taxation is also simplified - net profit is not taxed, simplifying the life and activities of an entrepreneur within the framework of the law.

But not everything is so wonderful; there are also some disadvantages of this form of management:

Thus, answering the question, an entrepreneur is an organization or an individual entrepreneur, it is impossible to give an unambiguous answer. This is a separate subject of economic activity that has some of the characteristics of both groups with disadvantages and advantages.

An individual entrepreneur has responsibilities, rights and powers both as an organization and as an ordinary citizen, which entails the above-mentioned disadvantages and advantages.

Responsibilities of the IP include:

The entrepreneur is also responsible for:

• for unpaid taxes;
• for illegal use of trademarks;
• for the supply of products and quality of services to contractors;
• in other cases provided by law.

The liability of an individual entrepreneur arises when an entrepreneur has violated the law or debt obligations: in case of debt, he is obliged to pay the debt with his own funds or sell (transfer) property to the creditor.

The entrepreneurial activities of individuals are regulated by law.

Despite the prevalence of individual entrepreneurship, Russian laws contain little regulatory information. However, it is advisable to study this information and understand the meaning of the main provisions of the laws.

Full texts can be found in online services - Consultant or the Garant system, as well as on the websites of relevant departments.

Constitution of the Russian Federation: Article 34, paragraph 1 affirms the right of citizens to entrepreneurial and other commercial activities.

Part 1 of the Civil Code:

• Article 2, which regulates the relationship between participants in business activities and determines which operations fall under the category of entrepreneurship;
• Article 18. It specifies how citizens can own and dispose of property, and how they can carry out business, create legal entities, and make transactions.

Part 2 of the Civil Code:

• paragraph 4 469 of the article: responsibility of the individual entrepreneur for transferring goods of proper quality to the buyer;
• paragraph 3 481 of the article: determines that the transfer of goods must be carried out in proper packaging, if such a requirement is provided for by law.

Tax Code: special attention should be paid to the entire tax code. It made many changes to tax rules.

There are also a number of federal laws, orders and government regulations that in one way or another regulate the activities of individual entrepreneurs. Law 54-FZ deserves attention, according to which the mandatory transition to online cash registers begins.

In addition to this, the following are important:

These documents regulate the activities of entrepreneurs in general, but among them there are also more narrowly focused legislative acts relating to certain forms of ownership, including individual entrepreneurs.

At the moment of birth and loses it at the moment of death. Has legal capacity. Full legal capacity is acquired after a person reaches the age of majority.

Individuals - all citizens (Russian Federation, foreign citizens, and stateless persons)

The main characteristic of an individual is legal subjectivity (i.e. the ability to become a participant in civil legal relations)

Legal capacity - the ability to acquire and exercise rights and obligations through one’s actions

Full legal capacity: From the age of 18, as well as from the moment a minor gets married. A teenager can be emancipated upon reaching the age of 16 if he works under an employment contract or is engaged in business. From 14 to 18 years - incomplete legal capacity, i.e. can independently manage income, make deposits in a credit institution, exercise copyright Up to 6 years old - completely incapacitated From 6-14 years old - partially competent from 10-17 years old - according to the Russian Federation, age is considered a minor from 17-18 years old - Teenager

Incompetent citizen - In the presence of mental disorders, due to which he does not understand and cannot control his actions Drug addict

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

See what “Private person” is in other dictionaries:

- “PRIVATE PERSON”, USSR, SCREEN (OSTANKINO), 1980, color, 208 (TV) min. Detective. Colonel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Lukyanov goes to the southern resort town to visit his friend, a local police officer. But on the eve of his arrival, his friend is hit by a car. The Colonel will have to… … Encyclopedia of Cinema

Private person Genre detective film Director Alexander Proshkin Scriptwriter Ivan Mendzheritsky In ... Wikipedia

For example, an individual investor might set a goal to raise enough funds to finance their child's college education. Or the purpose of the pension plan is to obtain enough money to pay the promised... ... Financial and investment explanatory dictionary

Noun, s., used. max. often Morphology: (no) what/who? faces, to what/who? face, (see) what? face, (see) who? face, what/who? face, about what/who? about the face; pl. what/who? faces, (no) what/who? persons, to what/to whom? persons, (see) what? faces, (see) who? persons... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

This page or section is believed to be infringing. Its contents were probably copied from http://www.pravo.vuzlib.net/book z826.html with virtually no changes. Please check the date of the alleged source in the Archive... ...Wikipedia

Views on private law in Ancient Greece In the literature on the history of law it is noted that until now no one has been able to confidently prove the fact that the Greeks or Romans borrowed laws made in the form of... ... Wikipedia

face- A; pl. person; Wed see also face, personal 1) The front of a person’s head. Facial features. Pleasant face/. Ruddy face/. Powder your faces... Dictionary of many expressions

Ah, plural faces, cf. 1. The front of the human head. Facial features. Nice face. □ He had a regular, seemingly chiseled face, with a very beautifully contoured nose, lips and cheerful blue eyes. Garshin, From the memoirs of Private Ivanov... ... Small academic dictionary

Private law is a collective concept meaning branches of law regulating private interests, independence and initiative of individual owners and associations (corporations) in their property activities and in personal relationships, in contrast to ... ... Wikipedia

A; pl. faces; Wed 1. The front of the human head. Facial features. Pleasant l. Rosy l. Powder l. The eyes were shining on the face. Elongated l. Turn to face the interlocutor. Stand face to face (one against the other, in close proximity). Know in... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• The Golden Calf, Ilf I.. “The Golden Calf” (1931) is the second satirical novel by famous Soviet writers I. Ilf and E. Petrov. It is connected with the novel “The Twelve Chairs” by the main character, Ostap Bender. In the book…