home Audience 5 What to do if hives start. Hives. Causes, types and symptoms of the disease. Treatment of urticaria. Non-hormonal ointments that relieve itching include

What to do if hives start. Hives. Causes, types and symptoms of the disease. Treatment of urticaria. Non-hormonal ointments that relieve itching include

Urticaria is a skin disease accompanied by itchy, swollen blisters and swelling. The causes of urticaria depend mainly on three factors:

False allergic reaction, i.e. mechanical effects on the skin (pressure, friction, overheating, vibration, cold or heat);
A true allergic reaction occurs when an allergen is present in the body;
Contact reaction (insect bites, contact with herbs, household chemicals).

Hives can occur in both adults and children, during the flowering period of plants (seasonal) and regardless of the time of year (year-round). Based on the rate of progression, there are acute and chronic urticaria. The acute type is characterized by rapid development and disappearance of symptoms. The chronic type is either a constant skin rash or a rash that occurs at regular intervals. Chronic urticaria often occurs in adults. Treatment of this disease is a complex process aimed, first of all, at finding the causes that cause hives to appear.

Generalized reasons

The causes of this disease can be very different: diseases of internal organs, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory processes, hormonal disorders, worm infections, harmful environmental influences, medication, nervous conditions at work and at home. For convenience and visualization of what may cause urticaria, the reasons are summarized in a table.

Type	Subtype	Cause of occurrence	Detection factor
Physical and mechanical	Cold	Exposure of skin to cold air (wind), water (ice), or object	Apply an ice cube to the sensitive skin of your hand (wrist, forearm) for 180-240 seconds
	Thermal	Exposure of skin to warm air or object	Apply an object heated to 40 0 C to the skin for no longer than 4 minutes
	Compression	Pressure on the skin	Easy walking with a load on your shoulder. The duration of the test is 15-20 minutes, the weight of the load should not exceed 7 kg
	Solar	Sun rays (UV and visible)	Irradiation of sensitive areas of the skin with light waves for permitted periods of time
	Cholinergic	Increased body temperature (0.5-1 0 C)	20 minute hot bath
	Aquagenic	Exposure to water, regardless of its temperature	Water applications for 25-35 minutes
	Dermographic	Mechanical effect on the skin	Minor damage (scratching) of the skin
	Vibrating	When exposed to vibration	Applying a medical vibrator to certain areas of the skin for up to 5 minutes
Allergic	Food	Consumption of allergen in food	Skin tests that reveal an allergy, a disease of this type is considered true
	Medicinal	Taking medications (antibiotics, hormonal drugs) after vaccination
	Contact	In direct contact with allergens (household chemicals, plants, insects, animal saliva)
Other	Psychogenic	Nervous	Patient interview
	Toxic	Impact of toxins on the body (including waste products of protozoa)	Venous blood tests
	Adrenergic	A one-time release of adrenaline into the blood	Patient interview, clinical and general blood test
	Autoimmune	Immune system disorders	Skin tests
	Anaphylactic	Excessive exercise	Doing exercise

These are not all the causes of urticaria in adults and young patients. In two out of three people who consult a doctor, it is not possible to determine what causes hives. This disease is called idiopathic.

Most often, a patient has several types of disease, for example, nervous urticaria overlaps with autoimmune and adrenergic urticaria. And sometimes several types may appear, completely unrelated to each other: hives from nerves, a mosquito bite, and an orange eaten gave a rash - three factors and one result. Treatment for such processes must be competent and comprehensive.

In order to more accurately understand why unbearable itching and rash appear to bother most of the world's population, it is necessary to conduct a detailed examination of the etiological factors.

Etiology

Infections in the body

To date, it has not been definitely proven that infections are the root causes of spotting. A number of researchers in their works draw direct connections between infections and urticaria, while other scientists refute them. However, it is a well-known fact that treatment of infectious diseases can help completely get rid of blisters or increase the frequency and duration of remissions.

Pathologies as causes for which urticaria is possible:

Diseases of the oral cavity (abscess, caries, pulpitis, stomatitis, periodontitis);
Diseases of the nasopharynx and upper respiratory tract (tonsillitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, otitis, pharyngitis);
Urological inflammations (prostatitis, cholecystitis, urethritis, cystitis);
Gastrointestinal diseases associated with infection by Helicobacter pylori and other bacteria;
Viral liver damage (hepatitis);
The presence of herpes virus (all subtypes, including Epstein Barr);
Noroviruses, including Norfolk virus;
HIV and (or) syphilis;
Fungal infections (in particular candidiasis).

It should be noted that with such diseases, the skin rash is not always urticaria. The reason is that many patients call urticaria very serious diseases, for example, vasculitis. Vasculitis is an inflammatory disease of the blood vessels and has nothing in common with urticaria. Treatment of such pathology takes place in completely different directions.

Autoimmune processes

The hypothesis that autoimmune diseases are a factor in the development of urticaria existed long before its clinical confirmation. Urticaria is the result of the release of histamine under the influence of some factors, and the autoimmune type is the result of the circulation in the blood of autoantibodies responsible for the release of histamine.

So, autoimmune urticaria in 70% of cases can be triggered by thyroiditis of the thyroid gland, diabetes, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases.

Sometimes nervous urticaria is included in this group of causes. But at the moment this is not true, since slightly different processes occur under nervous stress.

Hormones

It is not surprising that urticaria appears much more often in women than in men. This is due to hormonal levels. The hormonal type can occur when using oral contraceptives, during menopause or pregnancy. In rare cases, rashes appear in the second half of the menstrual cycle and are associated with the development of allergies to progesterone and estrogen. Treatment of such a complex disease is very difficult for a woman’s body, since the only help in this case is artificial suppression of ovarian function or their removal.

There is no need to drag postpartum symptoms into this. Hives after childbirth can occur as a reaction to medications, stress and overexertion of the body. Only a quarter of cases of urticaria are associated with hormonal changes in the body.

Food intolerance

In fact, an allergic reaction to food is much less common than what doctors are led to believe.

More often, false urticaria occurs, the cause of which is a food allergen. Here we are talking more about the exacerbation of a chronic disease when consuming certain foods. That is, food provokes hives, but is not its source. Based on this, a special hypoallergenic diet, as in the case of a true allergic reaction, alleviates the symptoms of the disease.

The same applies to allergic reactions to medications. The rash may worsen when taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, etc.) or acetylsalicylic acid.

Other factors

Some factors in the development of this disease have not yet been determined. For example, Schnitzler's syndrome, which, along with skin rashes, is manifested by arthritis, fever, and bone pain.

Sometimes there is a relationship between the appearance of urticaria and diseases of the hepatobiliary system and gastrointestinal tract. In other words, inflammation of the gallbladder and bile ducts, liver disease, stomach and duodenal ulcers, gastritis can be causes of urticaria.

Urticaria is one of the most common diseases treated by an allergist. In general, the term urticaria refers to a number of specific diseases characterized by different specific nature of occurrence, but manifesting themselves in the same way. Urticaria, the symptoms of which manifest themselves in the form of a cluster of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, reminiscent of a burn received when the skin is exposed to nettles, is so called for this reason.

general description

The incidence of urticaria in the population is quite high, which, accordingly, defines it as a common disease. Moreover, at least once in their lives, about 10 to 35% of the population has encountered its manifestation. The most unfavorable course of this disease is chronic urticaria, the duration of which is about 5-7 weeks.

The first official descriptions of urticaria date back to 1882, but the works of Hippocrates, by identifying similar symptoms in them, suggest that its occurrence is older.

Urticaria is caused by the release of a significant amount of histamine into the blood, which, in turn, occurs due to increased capillary permeability while simultaneously dilating. Considering this course, researchers mostly agree that this disease is of an allergic nature, and its manifestations, accordingly, act as an allergic reaction to external irritants affecting the body.

The course of the disease can correspond to one of two forms: acute and chronic urticaria. The duration of the acute form is about one and a half months, manifesting itself as a result of eating foods that qualify as an allergen for the patient, as well as through blood transfusions or as a result of insect bites.

As an addition to the standard symptoms, severe emotional distress (), which occurs due to the appearance on the skin of skin manifestations characteristic of the disease, is often attributed. It should be noted that acute urticaria, the treatment of which was either not started or was carried out with negligence, subsequently becomes chronic, and it is much more difficult to get rid of it. For this reason, the first symptoms of urticaria require immediate contact with a specialist and mandatory, strict adherence to his instructions.

Causes of the disease

In general, the causes contributing to the development of urticaria can be defined as endogenous and exogenous. Temperature, chemical, physical, mechanical, as well as pharmacological (especially various serums and antibiotics) products and food products are defined as exogenous causes. As for endogenous causes, these include various pathologies that are relevant to internal organs. In particular, in this case, pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system and liver are highlighted.

Again, insect bites (blood-sucking, in particular mosquitoes, midges, mosquitoes, fleas, etc.) are identified as the cause of the development of the disease in question. Due to their bites, chemically active substances similar to histamine enter the body with saliva.

In addition to the listed reasons, a significant role is also played.

Features of the course of urticaria

The basis of the pathogenesis (occurrence) of urticaria is the development of particularly increased sensitivity, due to which the accumulation of chemically active substances corresponding to the type of histamine occurs in the body. Histamine, being a chemical substance, dilates capillaries, simultaneously promoting an increase in the degree of permeability of the vascular walls. This, in turn, contributes to the development of an acute form of edema affecting the papillary dermis, resulting in blistering of the skin. As for the characteristics of the allergen in this case, it can be protein products that have undergone breakdown and have retained their inherent specificity. Such protein substances, once in the blood, cause the production of antibodies against a specific food product.

In addition, toxins found in spoiled foods that are not completely digested can also act as allergens; toxic substances, the accumulation of which occurs in the large intestine with insufficient kidney function, as well as with. A huge role is also given to the presence of foci of chronic infection in the body, acting as a direct source of bacterial allergies provoked by microorganisms (, etc.).

In the origin of urticaria, a significant role is also played by actual functional disorders of the nervous system (especially the autonomic one). For example, we can consider the situation with nervous excitation that provokes the development of cholinergic urticaria, which, in turn, is caused by the release of acetylcholine by tissues, which occurs due to the influence of the affected cholinergic system. Exposure to acetylcholine provokes the development of a vascular reaction reminiscent of the reaction that occurs when exposed to histamine.

Types and forms

Urticaria can manifest itself in several varieties, each of which is characterized by its own course and symptoms. In particular, the following main varieties are distinguished, determined based on the characteristics of the flow:

acute urticaria (also included in an acute limited form of manifestation);
chronic recurrent;
chronic papular persistent.

We will consider the listed varieties below; now I would like to dwell in general on the consideration of the classification adopted in international practice. Urticaria can be “spontaneous”, which indicates its occurrence without a previous specific impact and physical (which we previously mentioned), implying the provision of one or another type of physical impact. There are also certain types of urticaria, which we will also highlight. Spontaneous urticaria, the symptoms of which manifest themselves in acute or chronic form, differs in the severity of its own manifestations in each form, as well as the duration of these manifestations. Thus, the acute form lasts for up to 6 weeks, the chronic form, accordingly, lasts longer than this period.

Physical urticaria can manifest itself in the following ways:

demographic form, the symptoms of which appear after minor scratches occur on the skin;
delayed urticaria, the symptoms of which appear as a result of squeezing the skin (blisters form several hours after such exposure, it can consist, for example, of prolonged sitting, standing, wearing a backpack, etc.);
cold form, the symptoms of which appear against the background of such influencing factors from the external environment as cold wind, water or air;
thermal, the symptoms of which arise against the background of local thermal exposure;
solar, the symptoms of which appear against the background of exposure to UV radiation and/or visible light;
vibration, the symptoms of which arise as a result of previous vibration exposure (which, for example, is important when working with a jackhammer, etc.).

The following variants of the course are distinguished as separate types of urticaria:

cholinergic, the symptoms of which arise against the background of emotional or physical stress, which leads to some (minor) change in temperature;
adrenergic, the symptoms of which arise as a result of the release of adrenaline, which, for example, is important during times of stress;
contact, the symptoms of which arise, respectively, upon direct contact with a certain influencing factor (for example, contact allergic urticaria, the symptoms of which arise upon direct contact of the skin and a substance that is a strong allergen for the patient, which can be animal hair, pollen, dust, metals, etc. .);
aquagenic, the symptoms of which appear as a result of water getting on the skin, this is explained by the fact that in this case water acts as a solvent for the allergen, the formation of which occurs on the skin of specific patients.

As for other diseases, which, for example, include pigmentary urticaria (otherwise defined as urticaria), as well as cold familial urticaria, these types of urticaria are classified only in accordance with historical factors, but their nature is completely different. It should be noted that if the causes of the disease and its accompanying symptoms are unclear, then the disease is defined as idiopathic urticaria; when exposed to any allergen, the disease is autoimmune.

Returning to the listed group, it can be noted that the most common of them are spontaneous urticaria (in acute and chronic forms), as well as demographic (which is especially important for young people) and contact. The cholinergic form is much less common in practice.

In practice, urticaria has historically been considered to be purely an allergic disease, but in reality, allergies are so rarely the cause of the chronic form (about 0.5-1% of estimated cases) that standard allergy testing to confirm urticaria is not produced.

Meanwhile, allergies have a place in urticaria, acting as the cause of its acute form, as well as Quincke's edema - again, its manifestation is relevant in the form of a reaction to insect bites or to the effects of medications. In some cases, a true food allergy is identified as the cause of acute urticaria, but in such cases the diagnosis is beyond doubt, because the development of the reaction occurs immediately after the corresponding substance enters the body. The beginning of the reaction is determined from the place in which this substance appears. Thus, food allergies provoke swelling of the palate, tongue and lips, but intramuscular injections lead to redness and itching in the area where the injection was made.

In this form, the disease is characterized by its sudden manifestation in the form of an urticarial rash, the size of the elements of which can vary significantly. As a rule, blisters have a round shape; in more rare cases, they appear in an irregular and elongated shape. There is an elevation of the rashes above the level of the skin, their shade in the center is matte, and a pink border of an indistinct type of manifestation is visible along the periphery.

Often the blisters merge with each other, which forms very large affected areas. Against the background of such a course, a disturbance in the general condition of the patient occurs, which manifests itself in the form of fever, combined with chills (this is defined as “nettle fever”), general malaise and gastrointestinal disorders.

As for the areas affected by rash elements, they are predominantly concentrated within the torso, buttocks and arms. In addition, mucous membranes can also be affected by rashes, which determines such areas for their appearance as the lips, tongue, larynx, soft palate and nasopharynx. For this reason, in frequent cases there are complaints of difficulty swallowing and breathing.

Acute urticaria is characterized by a short-lived rash - here it usually lasts for an hour or two. In general, the duration of this form of the disease is about several days. Mostly acute urticaria acts as a form or drug allergy, being a response to exposure to a certain type of irritant (blood transfusion, administration of vaccines, serums).

Acute urticaria can also be atypical, acting as a result of exposure to mechanical irritants on the skin, as a rule, this is possible as a result of the detection of dermographism. The atypical form of urticaria is characterized by the appearance of linear blisters, and its difference from the traditional course of urticaria is the absence of such a symptom as itching.

Quincke's edema (acute limited form)

This disease is also commonly defined as angioedema and giant urticaria. As for the clinical manifestations, with Quincke's edema they consist in the sudden development of a limited type of edema of either the skin or mucous membrane (including subcutaneous fatty tissue), which in the latter case can affect, for example, the genitals, cheeks, lips , eyelids, etc. In the indicated areas of the lesion, the skin is densely elastic to the touch, white (sometimes pink, but this option is noted somewhat less frequently). Sometimes patients complain of symptoms in the form of itching and burning, but most often there are no subjective sensations. As a rule, swelling subsides after about a few hours (or within 1-2 days), and recurrence of manifestations is not excluded.

In some cases, Quincke's edema is a companion to the traditional form of urticaria. If it develops in the area of the larynx, asphyxia (increasing suffocation resulting from oxygen deficiency in the body) cannot be ruled out (its narrowing). In a variant of the course of the condition accompanying Quincke's edema, with the concentration of edema within the orbital area, the possibility of a deviation that directly affects the eyeball with its change in the medial direction (that is, to the lateral direction), as well as with a decrease in the patient's visual acuity, is not excluded.

Chronic (recurrent) urticaria

The development of this form of the disease occurs against the background of a long course of sensitization (that is, an increased degree of reactive sensitivity on the part of tissues and cells), which arises, in turn, against the background of exposure to foci of chronic infection existing in the body. Conditions with similar actual foci can be identified as disorders of the liver and gastrointestinal tract, etc.

Chronic urticaria, the symptoms of which manifest themselves in paroxysmal form, differs from the acute form in that the rashes are not so profuse. The concentration of the rash can affect a variety of areas of the skin. As for the symptoms accompanying the rash, it often manifests itself in the form of general weakness, joint pain, fever, and headache. If the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract are affected, then the symptoms are accompanied by disorders in the form of nausea and vomiting, diarrhea. Patients develop unbearable and painful itching, which results in neurotic disorders and insomnia. A blood test can reveal and.

Papular (persistent) urticaria

In case of transition of long-lasting and persistent urticarial rashes to the papules stage, the indicated papular urticaria develops. This predetermines the addition to the manifestation of limited and persistent edema with cellular infiltration within the dermis of such manifestations as acanthosis (a manifestation of skin hyperpigmentation, concentrated, as a rule, in the area of skin folds on the body) and (excessive thickening that occurs in the stratum corneum of the epidermis, that is, leading to keratinization of the skin). The location of the formed papular nodules is concentrated mainly in the skin area on the folds of the limbs, their color is red-brown.

In the vast majority of cases, women are affected by the disease. It is noteworthy that some authors propose this form of urticaria as one of the varieties of prurigo.

Manifestation of urticaria on the legs

This variant of urticaria is one of the most common variants of the disease, and about 2-5% of the total number of inhabitants of our planet suffer from it. However, the word “suffers” here only acts as a definition of the presence of an illness in a designated part of people, because its manifestations do not cause serious suffering or inconvenience to patients. Of all chronic forms of urticaria, demographic forms account for about 7-13%.

As for the manifestations characteristic of this disease, demographic urticaria, being a mechanical disease, determines them against the background of influencing factors. The mechanism here is quite simple: the area subjected to scratching becomes covered with a rash, the rash, in turn, leads to itching.

The clinic of this variant of the disease is quite clearly visible with a significant intensity of skin irritation through the use of linear objects for this purpose. So, if you run a long nail along the surface of the skin of a person without this disease, the skin will turn red after a while, and a small tumor will appear at the site of such scratching. This reaction is characteristic of healthy skin, but if such an action leads to the appearance of scars on the nail mark, then this, in turn, indicates dermographism. What is noteworthy is that it can manifest itself from the influence of a wide variety of things: towels, tight clothing, etc.

The clinical manifestations of dermographism are determined by several variants of its subtypes: cold-dependent dermographism, and white dermographism, follicular dermographism. Urticaria, characteristic of this form, can form on the skin of various parts of the body, while their appearance is least often observed in the area of the extremities and on the face. Primary forms of this type of urticaria can be idiopathic or allergic, and secondary forms are directly related to many other diseases that are relevant to the patient (mastocytosis, viral infections, etc.).

Manifestation of demographic urticaria

Solar urticaria

This form of the disease is one of the varieties of photodermatosis, whose development occurs in patients against the background of one or another liver disease as a result of increased reactive sensitivity to exposure to sunlight, as well as in individuals for whom porphyrin metabolism disorders are relevant.

Mostly this form of the disease is diagnosed in women. As for its characteristic manifestations, urticarial rashes in this case are concentrated in the area of open areas of the skin (upper limbs, face, etc.). Also, this form of urticaria is characterized by seasonal manifestations; accordingly, it develops during the period of increased solar activity in spring and summer.

When patients are exposed to direct sunlight for a long period of time, a specific reaction to this effect may develop, which, in particular, involves disturbances in cardiac activity and breathing. The extreme manifestation in this case may be a state of shock.

Cold urticaria

Cold urticaria develops a few minutes after contact with such influencing factors as cold water or excessively cold air, icy wind. Manifestations of symptoms are reduced to the appearance of itching, burning (severe redness of the skin), as well as a blister and/or swelling. The predominant concentration of these manifestations is similar to the previous case with solar urticaria. Often, maximum manifestations are observed during the period of warming up of areas that have undergone such hypothermia; their disappearance occurs after about half an hour to an hour.

In some cases, cold urticaria is accompanied by urticarial rashes of a permanent nature. Such rashes, as a rule, form a few minutes after the corresponding exposure to the irritant; their persistence on the skin lasts for a week, although a longer period is not excluded.

A variant of cold urticaria cannot be excluded, in which urticarial rashes are concentrated in slightly different areas, and not in the immediate area of exposure to the irritant. So, they can appear around this area, which also determines a slightly different form of the disease, such as reflex cold urticaria. It is noteworthy that some patients experience the development of cold allergies even after eating cold foods or foods, which is accordingly accompanied by swelling of the tongue, lips and pharynx.

In addition to rashes, patients also experience disorders related to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and gastrointestinal symptoms (in the form of diarrhea, abdominal pain) often appear.

The peculiarity of cold urticaria is that the more pronounced its symptoms are, the more severe the disease is. Of course, the severity of symptoms is directly related to how large the cooling area turned out to be, as well as how strong the impact of the irritating factor itself (that is, cooling) was. For example, patients who are extremely sensitive to the effects of cold, when cooling a significant area of the body surface, may experience an anaphylactoid reaction, manifested in the form of a complex of symptoms: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, low blood pressure, shortness of breath, etc. In practice, cases have been noted in which exposure to cold was fatal for the patient, that is, it led to death.

Urticaria in children

As a rule, it is not difficult for parents to notice this disease, as well as to carry out an initial diagnosis based on characteristic manifestations. It should be noted that urticaria in children also begins suddenly, without previous symptoms. Acute forms of the disease predominate; it is extremely rare in children under 6 months of age.

It manifests itself in the appearance of rashes, concentrated on the body and limbs, accompanied by unbearable itching. The location of the blisters can be concentrated not only within the skin, but also on the mucous membranes (gastrointestinal tract, lips, eyes). Itching leads to scratching, and swelling also appears. Temperatures can reach 39 degrees.

The duration of the disease can be on the order of several minutes, but a duration of the order of several hours and days is also possible, which is determined based on the degree of severity relevant to the response.

As in the general consideration of the disease, urticaria in children can occur in acute or chronic form. The most dangerous option is Quincke's edema, characterized by the appearance of a large area of rash along with looseness and swelling of the tissue in the surface area of the lips, eyelids, cheeks, tongue, larynx, and genitals.

Swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is a significant problem, leading to serious difficulty breathing, resulting in severe coughing, the child becomes nervously excited, and, ultimately, begins to choke. Such manifestations require immediate calling an ambulance.

In the case of swelling of the gastrointestinal tract, children develop diarrhea (quickly passing), nausea and vomiting also appear, nervous system disorders, dizziness, headache, some inhibition of reactions, and lethargy are noted.

Acute urticaria in children determines an equally significant risk of transition to a chronic form, therefore it is extremely important to adequately approach the treatment of this disease at this particular stage.

Treatment

Treatment for urticaria is determined based on the overall severity of its manifestations. An important role is given to the identification and subsequent elimination of all those pathogenetic factors that provoke the development of this disease. A certain role is assigned in treatment to such components as regimen, diet, state of the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system.

It is necessary to identify and subsequently cure all those foci that are relevant for chronic infections; in addition, it is necessary to exclude the influencing irritants (allergens). Consultations with a neurologist and an ENT specialist are important, as well as examinations related to the identification of helminths (with subsequent disposal of them).

The diet largely consists of including products of dairy and plant origin in the diet. As for specific drugs, these are antihistamines, magnesium sulfate, sodium hyposulfite, calcium-containing desensitizing drugs, sedatives.

Acute urticaria requires the use of laxatives and diuretics, as well as the use of cleansing enemas; the establishment of metabolic processes is ensured by taking B vitamins, iron supplements, etc. Severe disease requires the administration of glucocorticoids and histaglobin. A number of external therapy measures (baths, ointments, etc.) are often used, but they do not determine a significant result.

If you suspect urticaria, you must contact an allergist-immunologist, infectious disease specialist and dermatologist; consultations with an ENT specialist and a neurologist are required during treatment.

There are urticaria not only of an allergic nature. There are many reasons and diseases that may be hidden behind it:

Urticaria or urticaria - we will consider its symptoms and treatment in both adults and children. Urticaria refers to a number of allergic diseases of an immunological nature.

The most unfavorable course of this disease is chronic urticaria, the duration of which is about 5-7 weeks.

Reasons for appearance

It is often very difficult to find out why urticaria appears due to the fact that the main cause is allergic reactions of the body and certain malfunctions of the immune system.

The disease develops together with vascular permeability and the formation of swelling. The main factor in the pathology is hereditary predisposition.

There are many other reasons why urticaria occurs in adults:

Urticaria can be acute or chronic. The duration of the chronic form is on average 3-5 years (can stretch up to 20 years). The acute form is an immediate allergic reaction that lasts up to 6 weeks.

There are various causes of the disease. The acute form of urticaria appears in most cases under the influence of food irritants.

This course of the disease is typical for children, since they are most susceptible to the influence of common allergens among foods. The following have an irritating effect:

seafood;

Also, the acute course of the disease is often observed under the influence of drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibacterial drugs can have a strong effect.

As for endogenous causes, these include various pathologies that are relevant to internal organs. In particular, in this case, pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system and liver are highlighted.

Again, insect bites (blood-sucking, in particular mosquitoes, midges, mosquitoes, fleas, etc.) are identified as the cause of the development of the disease in question. Due to their bites, chemically active substances similar to histamine enter the body with saliva.

In addition to the above reasons, helminthic infestations also play a significant role.

Classification

In the acute form of urticaria, the temperature may rise sharply, sometimes vomiting occurs, and fainting is possible. During the disease, the permeability of the walls of blood vessels is impaired, which leads to severe swelling of the tissues.

Allergic (immune) form of urticaria - the organs of the immune system take part in the inflammatory process, which leads to the active formation of antibodies, and the level of histamine increases. It can occur against the background of disorders of the digestive system.

Some foods can trigger the appearance of allergic urticaria - potatoes, chocolate, citrus fruits, eggs. Rashes often appear after taking antibiotics and B vitamins. Dust, animal dander, dandruff, and insect poison can cause allergies.

Urticaria manifests itself in the form of various symptoms. Depending on the causes of occurrence and the extent of damage, the disease can take different forms.

acute urticaria (this also includes Quincke's edema in an acute limited form of manifestation);
chronic recurrent;
chronic papular persistent.

By type of effect on the skin:

There are several principles for classifying urticaria. Separation according to pathogenetic characteristics allows us to distinguish the allergic and pseudoallergic types of the disease. Allergic urticaria is characterized by an immune mechanism of development; its progression is associated with contact with allergens.

According to the characteristics of the clinical course, three forms of the pathological process are distinguished:

Spicy. It is characterized by a general deterioration in health, blisters on the skin, and an increase in body temperature. One of the particular forms of acute urticaria is Quincke's edema.

Chronic relapsing. It can last for months or years and develops as a continuation of the acute form of urticaria. Characteristic periods of exacerbation and remission.

Persistent papular chronic. The rash (photo) is constantly localized on the skin and gradually spreads. Not only rashes on the body are typical, but also rashes on the arms, rashes on the legs and rashes on the face.

According to the main provoking factors, the following types of urticaria are distinguished:

Cold. Triggered by exposure to low temperatures. Reflex cold pathology develops when the skin comes into direct contact with cold objects.

Solar. Possible due to solar radiation.

Thermal. Caused by the action of heat.

Dermographic. Develops after minor scratches on the skin.

All these forms can be combined into the concept of “physical urticaria”.

Also, one of the forms of urticaria is contact urticaria, which develops through direct contact with an irritant, most often an allergen.

Aquagenic urticaria progresses with contact with water.

If the causes of the pathological process remain unclear, then this condition is called “idiopathic urticaria”.

The variety of clinical forms of urticaria creates certain difficulties in diagnosing this disease. To identify pathology, it is necessary to contact not only a dermatologist, but also an allergist, to establish the possible allergic nature of the disease.

Symptoms and signs of urticaria

In severe urticaria, systemic symptoms may predominate, with the development of an anaphylactic reaction accompanied by shock and manifested by hypotension, bronchospasm, angioedema and diffuse urticaria.

In the absence of systemic manifestations, a severe urticarial rash does not suggest an anaphylactic reaction. Most often, an anaphylactic reaction occurs with hypersensitivity to drugs and the administration of radiocontrast agents.

Symptoms of the disease

The blisters resemble traces of mosquito bites or nettle stings. At first they are red or pink, varying in size from 0.5 to 15 cm.

Over time, exudate accumulates and skin capillaries are compressed, and the elements of the rash become light. The rash can be isolated on the face, hands, and as it progresses, it can spread to free areas of the body, becoming generalized, and the rash is accompanied by itching and burning.

If a generalized urticarial rash appears in children in the first years of life, this may indicate its hereditary nature. Urticaria in adults, the symptoms of which are similar to hereditary ones, is almost always acquired.

Like any other chronic disease, it occurs with periods of remissions and exacerbations. When a relapse occurs, the patient also experiences headache, weakness, dyspepsia, fever, vomiting, anxiety, and sleep disturbance due to severe itching of the skin.

Clinical manifestations of urticaria are associated with an immediate-delayed hypersensitivity reaction. A common link in the pathogenesis of any clinical form of the disease is swelling of the papillary layer of the skin, which develops as a result of increased permeability of the capillary wall of the microvasculature. These changes are associated with the action of histamine, which is released by mast cells. Their activation (degranulation) can occur for various reasons. In this regard, there is a classification of urticaria according to the etiopathogenetic principle:

Physical urticaria

Clinical symptoms of urticaria:

a characteristic sign is red rashes on the body, which can be in the form of blisters;
unbearable itching;
fever;
vomit;
headaches, difficulty breathing;
bronchospasm.

The symptoms of hives largely depend on its causes. The acute form is manifested by the sudden appearance of a rash over large areas of the body.

This is a consequence of a new allergen entering the body, so it can go away in a couple of hours. If the cause of the rash is exposure to sunlight, then swelling and blisters appear, plus damage to the mucous membranes.

In people with pathological liver disorders, the course of the disease causes the appearance of nodules on the bends of the limbs, which over time turn into papules.

There is also increased sensitivity to sunlight. Possible anaphylactic shock.

Urticaria of gigantic proportions - this lesion of the skin is accompanied by fever, diarrhea, and fever. The risk of Quincke's edema is very high, since the lesion reaches the mucous membranes and causes their swelling. In the chronic form, the manifestations of urticaria are paroxysmal and have a certain periodicity. Occurs due to disturbances in the body's metabolic processes. How to treat urticaria in adults? The first priority is to find out the reasons. The appearance of urticaria is caused by much more serious processes in the body. A rash is already a consequence. By curing the cause, you can remove the effect, which is why treatment is mandatory in children and adults. Why does hives appear:

due to allergic reactions;
pathologies of the liver and kidneys also lead to such manifestations;
unstable functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, which can often provoke urticaria, a disease such as gastritis;
nervous shock or exhaustion of the body, overwork, lack of sleep;
temperature changes, environmental situation, hazardous work;
medicinal urticaria, provoked by taking medications;
insect bites can provoke not only hives, but swelling of the respiratory tract;
against the background of hormonal disorders or changes in the body (adolescence, pregnancy, menopause);
helminthiasis, HIV, syphilis, autoimmune diseases.

Long-term use of medications can cause hives

You can find many urticaria photos on the Internet. A distinctive feature of the disease are blisters on the skin. They can easily be confused with an insect bite or a burn from contact with nettles.

The affected areas of the skin are red. If the disease is characterized by a severe course, then the rashes merge into one whole, forming a giant blister.

The skin becomes covered with exudative elements - blisters. Sometimes a rash can appear on the mucous membranes. The rashes are bright red in color, have different shapes and sizes and are accompanied by unbearable itching. They are always higher than the rest of the skin.

DIAGNOSTICS

The diagnosis is made visually and is based on the presence of the primary element characteristic of urticaria - a blister. Bright urticarial dermographism in the affected areas is a confirmatory criterion.

The diagnostic program is always formed individually based on the anamnesis and clinical picture. Thus, if allergic urticaria is suspected, the “gold standard” is to conduct skin tests with specific allergens.

If contact, cold, aquagenic and thermal urticaria is suspected, diagnostic tests are performed with suspected provoking factors.

In some cases, symptoms of the following diseases can be mistaken for urticaria, accompanied by the appearance of additional reactions of the body:

urticarial vasculitis;
scabies;
dermatitis herpetiformis;
serum sickness;
autoimmune progesterone dermatitis and some others.

In this regard, diagnosis of the disease, first of all, helps to differentiate urticaria. Next, based on the data obtained, the pathogen is determined and treatment is prescribed.

To diagnose a form of acute urticaria, a high-quality history, physical examination, as well as the results of a general urine and blood test and ESR analysis are often sufficient.

If acute urticaria is allergic, and there is also an assumption that it was caused by a food product, the doctor will definitely recommend taking allergy tests.

If urticaria is chronic, a lot of special studies are added to the standard tests aimed at identifying the true cause of the pathology.

At the same time, as tests are taken, it is important to exclude the possibility of the presence of malignant neoplasms, rheumatism, metabolic disorders and infectious diseases.

It is possible to diagnose urticaria by identifying the characteristic elements of the rash. When conducting a clinical examination, it is important to correctly collect anamnesis: time of onset of the disease, connection with a possible provoking agent, frequency and form of rashes, etc.

The diagnosis is made based on clinical manifestations and patient interviews. There is almost always contact with an allergen; a thorough examination reveals sensitization of the body, helminthic infestations, and the presence of foci of chronic infection.

To identify the exact type of allergen, allergy tests are performed.

Since there are no diagnostic tests for urticaria, diagnosis is mainly based on history and clinical examination.

TREATMENT

Description of the disease urticaria

Treatment of urticaria is aimed at identifying the allergen irritant that provokes the allergy. Often this provocateur is a medicine (aspirin, diuretics, penicillin, etc.).

). If you notice that after taking medications, itching and restless skin conditions appear, then you need to stop taking these medications and choose another drug.

When a person has found out what the provoking factor is, it is necessary to choose the right treatment for the disease. To do this, eliminate possible allergens, adjust nutrition and cleanse the body.

If, when taking tests, the presence of worms in the body is detected and there are symptoms of urticaria, the person needs to consult an allergist about this problem.

The doctor will prescribe antihistamines and anthelmintic medications. The emerging symptom of urticaria will begin to disappear the very next day, and you will be able to get rid of worms after 14 days.

For a patient with urticaria, the doctor prescribes enemas to cleanse the body, drink large quantities, take activated carbon tablets or similar enterosorbents.

If necessary, remove intoxication from the body.

For any form of urticaria, the doctor prescribes sedatives and antihistamines. This treatment can relieve itching, burning and swelling. Usually these are medications such as: Loratidine, Tavegil, Erius, Tazepam and Zyrtec.

In cases of acute urticaria, drugs with a high calcium content, as well as diuretic and antiallergic effects, are prescribed to relieve swelling.

In severe forms of the disease, hormonal drugs are widely used. Their use is carried out in small courses; long-term use can lead to serious consequences.

In normal cases, taking medications leads to an improvement in the condition and relief from the symptoms of the disease. In quite difficult situations, the doctor may prescribe the simultaneous use of hormonal drugs and anabolic steroids.

In severe forms, medications with large amounts of hormones are used. The drugs can quickly relieve the symptoms of urticaria, but they have many negative consequences, which is why it is necessary to consult a doctor before taking them.

For the best effect, the patient must undergo various physiotherapeutic procedures.

Video on the topic:

Folk remedies for the treatment of urticaria have been successfully used since ancient times, among them we present the most effective and time-tested. However, persons with hay fever and allergic reactions to certain types of medicinal plants should use the proposed methods with caution, or abandon them if there is an individual intolerance:

To effectively treat urticaria, it is necessary to eliminate the allergen, but for most patients this is not possible, since the exact cause of the disease is often unknown.

Among medications, the first place is taken by the use of second-generation H1-histamine blockers (loratadine, cetirizine), because it is known that allergic symptoms are mediated through H1-histamine receptors.

The choice of these drugs is explained by their high efficiency, prolonged action and absence of adverse reactions. In mild cases, antihistamines are used for about one month.

If therapy with H1-histamine blockers has not brought results, then systemic glucocorticosteroids, anxiolytics, and antidepressants are offered as an alternative. The last group of drugs tends to block the action of histamine and other allergy mediators. In parallel, infusion therapy is carried out, that is, the patient is injected with saline solution, calcium and magnesium chloride by drip for 3-4 days under the control of laboratory tests.

Features of treatment in adults depend on the form of the disease. For example, for idiopathic urticaria, in addition to the above remedies, digestive enzymes (festal) are recommended, and for cold urticaria, a course of hyposensitization with some kind of refrigerant (ice cube) is carried out to develop tolerance to cold exposure.

How to treat with folk remedies

Then this decoction can be added to the bath when bathing. This treatment is carried out several times a month.

You can also brew fresh nettle and use the decoction instead of tea.

Affected areas of the skin can be wiped with freshly squeezed juice from red clover inflorescences. Some time after the procedure, the product must be washed off the skin. It should be remembered that alternative treatment cannot be the main one and should be carried out only after agreement with the attending physician.

Treatment in adults and children begins with identifying and eliminating the allergen; for this, a number of different tests are performed.

The basis of therapy is antihistamines:

Suprastin, Diazolin are first generation drugs that act quickly, but have a short-lived effect, no more than 8 hours. They are prohibited from being taken by people whose work requires increased concentration, since they act as a sedative and hypnotic. There is an addictive effect - if you take the pills for more than 3 weeks, their activity decreases.
Claritin, Lomilan are second generation drugs that do not affect mental and physical activity. It should not be taken by elderly people or those with cardiovascular pathologies.
Telfast, Zyrtec - new generation antiallergic drugs. Medicines with minimal side effects, do not have a sedative effect, can be taken by older people.

In severe forms of the disease, injections of Dexamethasone and Prednisolone are prescribed. Preparations for external use - Fenistil-gel, prednisolone ointment - help get rid of itching.

Urticaria in children does not differ in clinical picture and causes from adults. For treatment, antihistamines are used - Hydroxyzine, Cyproheptadine, Claritin. If the cause of the disease is stress, then Cimetidine is prescribed.

To treat children, you can use folk remedies after prior consultation with a doctor. It is best to use herbs for baths - mix string and chamomile in equal proportions, pour 140 g of the mixture into a bag made of thin natural fabric, and pour 3 liters of boiling water.

After 6 hours, the infusion will be ready; it should be poured into the bath. The duration of the procedure is 15–20 minutes.

Is it possible to wash yourself if you have allergic urticaria? Bathing is not only possible, but also necessary, since all bacteria and microbes multiply faster on dirty skin. Do not use hot water for water procedures or vigorously rub damaged areas.

To understand whether it can be cured, you need to clearly understand what urticaria is. On the one hand, everything seems clear and simple.

This is a rash that appears as a result of exposure to an irritant from the inside or outside of the body. Yes, it’s very easy to remove the allergen and that’s it.

But sometimes there are factors beyond the control of patients. Allergic reactions are divided into:.

controlled - these are reactions to allergens that can be easily excluded from your environment;
uncontrollable, reaction to dust or animals: dust is everywhere and animals walk along the street, so this type of allergy is not subject to strict control.

Due to this turn of events, it is simply impossible to say how long urticaria will be treated in an adult.

You can stop the symptoms, but sooner or later the body will encounter the irritant again and the rash will begin to appear on the body again. Therefore, you should not believe that you can be cured in a matter of days by taking antihistamines.

If these are manifestations in connection with the pathology of the development of internal organs, then one should certainly not think that one can quickly get rid of the disease. If you ask the question correctly - how long can a rash last on the body, then it’s a completely different matter.

This already depends on the degree of manifestation. On average from two hours to several months.

You can’t get rid of allergies to cats and other animals

How else to treat urticaria in adults? Blood purification: plasmapheresis, ultraviolet irradiation, hemoxygenation, hemosorption, laser plasma purification. Blood purification using traditional methods and physiotherapeutic methods.

Treatment of urticaria is a multi-step process. At the first stage of the disease, it is important to assess the patient’s condition. In some cases, you can manage the symptoms on your own. If the signs intensify, then you need to call an ambulance.

The main thing when treating this disease is to find and eliminate the cause that provokes the appearance of hives. In the acute form of allergic urticaria, detecting the allergen is usually not difficult.

But the chronic type of disease requires a complete examination of the body. In this case, it is impossible to do without consulting a dermatologist and undergoing many tests.

Treatment of urticaria itself usually comes down to combating its symptoms. Traditional treatment uses antihistamines to soothe the itching, including lotions, creams, ointments, and cool compresses.

In severe cases, corticosteroids are used - these are steroid hormones.

Treatment for hives may include:

Drug treatment.
Ultraviolet.
Oxygenation is when the blood is saturated with oxygen.
Cryotherapy.
Herbal medicine.
Wet wrap.
Healing baths with herbs.

Treatment in adults

Although in many cases it is effective to treat urticaria at home, when its manifestations are not severe. But if the disease manifests itself in a child, then it is necessary to seek help from a specialist.

A provoking factor not identified in time quite often leads to complications of the disease.

What is dangerous about urticaria in adults is its ability to flare up suddenly at any time. Therefore, every person should know what first aid should be provided in case of severe manifestations before the ambulance arrives or goes to the hospital.

I give a doctor’s opinion on the traditional treatment of urticaria, as well as some traditional treatment regimens. We will also talk about the opinion of alternative medicine regarding skin diseases, including urticaria.

Drug therapy

Let us clarify right away that there are no folk remedies that could be recommended for treatment at home, says the doctor... Therefore, do not waste precious time searching for them, but immediately contact a medical institution to see an immunologist-allergist, dermatologist or therapist. Well, do not take everything into account so seriously - this is how they teach you to treat in medical school...

In some cases, it is necessary to call emergency assistance. Before the brigade arrives, act independently:

eliminate the allergen that caused the reaction
give warm water
if necessary, drink Enterosgel, Smecta or activated carbon sorbent

For food allergies - gastric lavage. If you have an allergic reaction to the injection, apply ice to the injection area.

Further treatment will be carried out by a doctor. For nettle disease, the basis of treatment is antihistamines. Ointments and lotions to soothe itching and sedatives are prescribed. In difficult episodes, corticosteroid drugs and adrenaline are prescribed in emergency situations.

How to quickly cure hives using medications? To cure urticaria, in most cases it will be necessary to take the following antihistamines:

Tavegil
Diazolin
Suprastin
Diphenhydramine

Their plus is the quick effect of use, the minus is a short-term effect and a hypnotic effect (induces sleep), as well as all kinds of side effects, including cardiac arrest.

There is incompatibility with other medications.

In 40% of cases, taking these drugs will relieve the symptoms of rash and itching, especially in the acute form of the disease.

In parallel, you can use non-medicinal products: menthol solution (aqueous) and soda baths or lotions with soda to relieve itching.

What to do if the relief was short-lived and it all happened again with even worse symptoms? Then it is necessary to apply a comprehensive systemic treatment, which will be selected by the doctor, taking into account all the nuances.

Drug treatment for urticaria is limited to relieving symptoms. There are three lines of treatment for nettle rash. Based on analysis and laboratory tests, as well as the course of the disease, only a doctor can choose what is suitable for a particular patient.

1. Histamine blockers (H1 and H2), glucocorticosteroids - for a complicated form of the disease and adrenaline - for Quincke's edema.

2. Adding antihistamines, increasing doses of H2 histamine blockers, using a number of drugs: nifedepine, antidepressants, leukotriene receptor antagonist (inhibit the release of leukotrienes together with histamine).

3. The use of immune modulator drugs that inhibit it (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate); For idiopathic urticaria, the following drugs are recommended: warfarin, salbutamol, dapsone, sulfasalazine.

Histamine blockers H1 and H2, most effective in suppressing urticaria:

Ranitidine 150 mg orally 2 times a day.
Diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine) 25-50 mg orally 4 times a day).
Cyproheptadine (peritol) 4 mg orally 3 times a day.
Cetirizine - 10 mg once a day for two weeks (short-term) or more than two weeks and up to three months (medium-term).
Desloratadine 5 mg for at least the medium term and 20 mg for the short term.
Levocetirizine 5 mg was effective in completely suppressing urticaria in the medium term, and 20 mg was effective in the short term (lower doses were not effective).

Glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are hormonal drugs used to prevent edema:

Prednisolone
Prednisol
Dexamethasone
Nerobol

Most of the medications listed have dangerous side effects, so they can only be used as directed and under the supervision of a doctor.

Folk remedies

Although traditional medicine denies the effectiveness of folk remedies, they are used, especially for urticaria in young children or in those who are contraindicated in the above-mentioned drug treatment regimens for urticaria.

What do healers advise us? What herbs or mixtures can reduce symptoms, itching and blisters?

To alleviate the condition of patients with nettle disease, medicinal herbs, bee products, various essential oils, horseradish juice are used: You will find a huge number of recipes for different types of rashes here.

On my own behalf, I can add that taking a bath with nettle decoction perfectly relieves itching and swelling of the skin.

Collect a bucket of nettle leaves, brew with boiling water, cover with a lid until cool, strain, pour into the bath - the effect is amazing! You can even sleep, as the itching goes away...

Alternative medicine

With lymph everything is different. In order for the lymph not to turn into a stagnant swamp, it is necessary to move the muscles of the body and work the active points that the skin is rich in (oriental medicine actively uses them for various types of healing).

Drug therapy

Treatment of urticaria is carried out using medications of various groups. Among them are:

antihistamines;

glucocorticosteroids;

non-hormonal ointments.

Taking antihistamines becomes a mandatory part of therapy. For urticaria they are prescribed in the following order:

standard dose of second generation histamine blockers (Loratadine, Telfast, Xyzal, Eirus, Zyrtec, Zodac);

increasing the dosage if treatment is ineffective by no more than 4 times;

adding another second generation product to these products;

in the absence of results, prescribing a first generation drug (Diphenhydramine, Allergin, Suprastin, Akrivastin, Cyproheptadine).

If treatment does not eliminate the symptoms of the lesion, then hormonal drugs Prednisolone and Dexamethasone are prescribed. In the case of autoimmune urticaria, the use of immunosuppressants (Ciclosporin) may be indicated.

The affected skin surfaces are lubricated with local products. Among them, ointments are the most commonly used. At the initial stage of skin lesions, non-hormonal drugs are prescribed:

Fenistil-gel;

Soventol;

Psilo-balm.

They relieve itching, swelling of tissues, and redness of the skin. The products also have an anti-inflammatory effect. For mild skin irritation, they easily cope with the task.

If non-hormonal therapy does not bring results, then drugs in the form of hormones are used. They are divided depending on the strength of action into:

weak (Sinaflan, Hydrocortisone, Laticort, Flucinar);

moderate degree of exposure (Afloderm, Fluorocort, Triamcinolone);

strong (Lokoid, Advantan, Celestoderm, Elokom);

very strong (Demovate, Cloveit).

Urticaria: treatment and first aid at home

A person susceptible to the disease should know how to treat urticaria on their own. Such treatment will help to relieve symptoms in time and protect yourself from complications.

In simple and accessible words, it is necessary to clean the sewer so that lymph can flow freely and carry various waste products from the cells of our body to the excretory organs (kidneys, lungs, liver and sweat glands).

If there are too many of these waste products, lymph and blood cannot cope with their transportation and disposal. Then the liver sends some of the “deposits” to the subcutaneous fat layer in the form of cellulite, and some of them provoke various skin rashes - from urticaria to psoriasis. Dirt creeps through the pores...

That is, any skin problem is a signal that the body is too acidic, there are too many unutilized toxic waste products of the body, the immune system is also weakened due to a large number of toxins.

Now I have a question: do you think that various ointments or injections or tablets that are foreign to the body can remove the cause? Reduce pollution? No! On the contrary, they can aggravate the problem and drive the disease into a chronic form.

What needs to be done to ensure that the body copes with the removal of waste materials? First of all, help the liver in its work with cleansing blood and lymph.

To do this, you just need to have breakfast in the morning with a teaspoon of butter or other fat. Only the fat will open the gallbladder valve and release bile into the duodenum, from where it will naturally leave the body and carry away all the dirt.

Now answer yourself honestly, everyone who has skin problems and is still without them: do you really eat breakfast? Do you not just drink coffee or tea, but also take food with fat? Not oatmeal on water...

Neumyvakin about skin diseases

I like Neumyvakin’s video, where he talks about the effect of acidified pH on the state of the lymph, how he cures psoriasis in three weeks at his center in Kirov - completely non-medically, but using baths.

COMPLICATIONS

The acute course of the disease can be complicated by a life-threatening condition – anaphylactic shock. Acute swelling of the larynx and the development of respiratory failure are also possible. Such conditions require emergency resuscitation. Therefore, at the first symptoms of urticaria, you should immediately consult a doctor for adequate treatment of this disease.

Conclusions and preventive measures

One of the most common diseases is urticaria in adults: everyone should know the symptoms, treatment and prevention so as not to encounter problems

There are many reasons for this disease and they are not always allergic in nature. Appearing in the form of itchy blisters, localized anywhere on the human body, including the scalp.

The most acceptable treatment method is to eliminate the irritant. However, it is not always possible to identify it, and sometimes it simply cannot be avoided.

Hence the conclusion is that you can stop the symptoms and undergo a course of treatment, but sooner or later the rash will reappear. If this is an allergic factor, you can undergo specific allergen immunotherapy, after which ten or even more years of remission are observed.

It is important to treat infectious diseases, liver and gastrointestinal diseases in a timely manner. If you have a weak immune system, take medications that will boost immunity, thereby preventing many other diseases.

An important component in the prevention of this disease is hygiene. To significantly reduce the risk, you must carefully monitor the cleanliness of your body. Hygienic products must be natural based and do not contain chemical fragrances and dyes.

It is very important to give up bad habits, lead a healthy lifestyle, play sports, and regularly take walks in the fresh air. It is necessary to avoid stressful situations and treat neurological diseases in a timely manner.

You cannot independently diagnose and treat urticaria in adults or children; such attempts can lead to an exacerbation of the disease. This is not ringworm or mycosis, which you can apply ointment and wait until it goes away.

There is always a reason for urticaria, but in most cases it is chronic and cannot be reliably established.

Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of several specialists: dermatologist, endocrinologist, allergist, geneticist and gastroenterologist. Experienced specialists will provide a full range of therapeutic measures, which will be adjusted depending on the results of the examination.

The effectiveness of treatment will depend on the professionalism of doctors. The patient is only required to carefully comply with all requirements and recommendations.

Prevention consists of sanitizing foci of infection, diseases of the digestive tract, and nervous system. Avoid exposure to allergens again. It is required to adhere to a hypoallergenic diet, avoid food additives, dyes and stabilizers.

Prevention of urticaria, diet

Dietary nutrition is an integral part of the treatment of allergic urticaria. In a hospital setting, therapeutic fasting may be prescribed for 3–5 days. The optimal menu is drawn up by the doctor on an individual basis.

How to create a menu correctly:

exclude dairy products, but you can consume fermented milk products;
do not eat exotic fruits, especially brightly colored ones, seafood;
nuts, bee products, dried fruits can cause allergies;
vegetables and fish should be low-fat, they can be boiled, stewed, baked;
keep the amount of spices to a minimum.

With the development of urticaria in adult patients, the diet should be adjusted so as not to provoke an exacerbation of the pathological process.

The diet should be hypoallergenic, that is, it is intended to exclude those foods that can cause a serious allergic reaction. Even if you have not previously experienced an allergy to a particular product, during an exacerbation of the pathology, the body’s reaction to its use can be unpredictable.

The following products should be completely excluded:

It is also necessary to avoid drinking alcoholic beverages. The menu of a patient suffering from urticaria includes only hypoallergenic dishes, for which there are quite a few recipes. A doctor who, in addition to drug treatment, also prescribes a diet can help you choose a diet.

In order to minimize the manifestations of urticaria in adult patients, a number of recommendations should be followed:

Quitting bad habits - smoking and drinking alcohol.
Use of sedative herbal preparations or sedative medications.
Water at a comfortable temperature when taking baths, avoiding excessively hard washcloths and towels.
Use of natural, high-quality cosmetics.
Limiting time in the sun.
Regular wet cleaning and ventilation of the apartment.
Selection of clothing and bed linen made from natural fabrics.
Timely treatment of pathologies that can provoke exacerbation of urticaria.
Prevention of all possible contacts with allergens.
Strengthening the immune system: hardening, taking immunomodulatory drugs.

Attention should be paid to the fact that both the patient himself and his loved ones should remember first aid measures to relieve the manifestations of acute urticaria. This significantly reduces the risk of serious complications.

Particular attention should be paid to the treatment and prevention of urticaria. It is important to follow all medical recommendations and avoid contact with allergens and other provoking factors.

From the article, the reader will learn what urticaria is, its symptoms, treatment, what are the causes, how to protect yourself and loved ones from this problem. There will also be a lot of photos, we will find out possible complications, learn how to provide first aid, and I will share my personal experience, which is absolutely contrary to official medicine.
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Urticaria (urticaria) is the collective name for a large group of skin diseases, the external manifestation of which is similar to a nettle burn. Humanity has been familiar with this disease since ancient times. Almost a third of the world's population is susceptible to this disease.

Women from 20 to 60 years old become ill more often than men; the pathology is of a family hereditary nature.

Often the development of the disease is provoked by diseases of the digestive tract, especially the liver. As a result, histamine breakdown slows down and skin reactions occur. Other reasons:

foci of chronic infection - fungal, bacterial, viral
endocrine disorders
systemic diseases with connective tissue pathology
lymphatic disease, tumors

The cause of the disease can be food, severe stress. Allergens include medications, inhalation allergens (pollen, dust), physical factors (sun, heat, cold)..jpg" alt="Causes of urticaria" width="500" height="250" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i1.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i1.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C150&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

Features of the disease

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Urticaria is characterized by the rapid development of blisters. A nettle rash may last for several minutes or may persist for several hours.

Another characteristic feature of a nettle rash is that it disappears without a trace. Which is not typical for other skin diseases. There are no scars or pigmentation on the skin.

Another feature is the lack of a specific localization.

Jpg" alt="Nettle spot" width="250" height="250" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i1.wp..jpg?w=250&ssl=1 250w, https://i1.wp..jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w" sizes="(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px" data-recalc-dims="1"> Сыпь возникает на туловище, конечностях, в редких случаях на слизистых оболочках и может мигрировать. Например, если сегодня она была на животе, то завтра – на руках.!}

The rash is more severe in the evening and at night, due to the circadian rhythm of histamine formation. Some types of hives are characterized by pink or reddish spots.

What is urticaria, symptoms, treatment, photos, what it looks like

Urticaria or urticaria - we will consider its symptoms and treatment in both adults and children. Urticaria refers to a number of allergic diseases of an immunological nature.

The disease is insidious and difficult to diagnose due to the different nature of its origin. Usually occurs as the body's response to an allergen, external or internal. This also complicates diagnosis.

It manifests itself as skin rashes, the appearance of itchy blisters, similar to nettle burns. Sometimes the rashes are located on the mucous membranes.

It occurs due to the release of histamine into the bloodstream - a substance responsible for the allergic response, manifested in the form of redness (spots), severe itching and even swelling. The photo shows a diagram of the occurrence of an allergic response when histamine is released into the blood.

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Symptoms of nettle rash in adults, photos

The main element of urticaria is a very itchy blister with clear boundaries that does not contain fluid. The area of the location varies from a small lesion to an extensive lesion. Typical symptoms of nettle fever in adults are:

redness of the skin
formation of bubbles of various sizes

In adults, urticaria always occurs with itching of the affected area. The rash is reversible - after treatment, marks on the skin completely disappear.

The rash appears chaotically, can be single or multiple, of varying sizes. Localization varies. Most often, rashes appear on the legs and arms, occasionally on the head and face. With relapses, the rash migrates.

Below you can see a photo of what urticaria looks like on your hands and face.

Jpg" alt="Symptoms of nettle rash in adults (on hands)" width="500" height="333" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i2.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i2.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1"> Как выглядит крапивница на ногах — смотрим фото:!}
data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://prozdorovechko.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/kak-viglyadit-krapivnica-na-nogah.jpg" alt="(!LANG :Hives on legs" width="500" height="294" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i2.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i2.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C176&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1"> Фото, как выглядит крапивница на лице:!}
data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://prozdorovechko.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/khapivnica-na-lice.jpg" alt=" Nettle rash on face" width="500" height="318" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i2.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i2.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C191&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

Very rarely, a rash appears on the palms of the hands as a sign of a contact allergy. For example, after contact with animals, or use of household chemicals.

As additional signs, with a large area of damage, deterioration of health is possible - weakness, high temperature, malaise, chills.

For the adult population, with correct diagnosis and timely treatment, urticaria is not dangerous. The exception is pregnant women. Urticaria occurs in them due to changes in hormonal levels. It appears in women who suffered from an allergic rash before pregnancy. See photos of rashes during pregnancy:

Data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://prozdorovechko.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/krapivnica-pri-beremennosti.jpg" alt=" Photo of rash with pregnancy" width="500" height="375" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i0.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

Pregnant women are at risk of the pathology becoming chronic. As a side effect, a woman experiences drowsiness, the activity of the cardiac system is disrupted, and she suffers from headaches. Severe itching contributes to:

nervousness, nervous breakdowns
sleep disturbance
general health suffers

Without treatment, a drop in blood pressure is likely, which can impair placental circulation and gas exchange in the fetus. Taking antihistamines is dangerous for a child and can lead to congenital heart disease.

Taking medications in the early stages is especially dangerous, it is at this time that all organs and systems are formed. Therefore, self-administration of medications is strictly prohibited.

There is also a danger in the development of an extensive allergic reaction, Quincke's edema, which without proper treatment can be fatal.

Symptoms of nettle rash in children, photos

Nettle pathology in children can occur starting from 3 months and lasts up to four years. The reasons vary depending on age. In newborn infants, urticaria occurs due to poor nutrition of the mother, or against the background of diathesis in “children”.
In infants, the body quickly reacts to the allergen - the symptoms are shown in the photo below.

Jpg" alt="Symptoms of nettle rash in children" width="500" height="332" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i1.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i1.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C199&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

The first symptom is redness of the skin, then blisters similar to a nettle burn. Then itching begins, accompanied by an increase in temperature.
.jpg" alt="Redness of the skin in a baby" width="520" height="382" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i1.wp..jpg?w=520&ssl=1 520w, https://i1.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C220&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}
The localization of the rash is extensive, it “spreads” throughout the body. It even occurs on the mucous membranes of the eyes, genitals, and lips.

Small local areas on the child’s body are possible - spots on the face, arms, tummy and back, as can be seen in the photo below:

Data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://prozdorovechko.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/syp-na-tele-u-rebenka.jpg" alt="(!LANG :Local areas of rash on the child’s body" width="500" height="375" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i0.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

Infants experience abdominal pain, vomiting, and swelling of the face and limbs. Rarely, laryngeal or angioedema occurs, leading to anaphylactic shock.

Swelling of the larynx is accompanied by paroxysmal coughing and bluish discoloration of the nasolabial triangle. These symptoms are a reason to immediately call an ambulance.

In teenagers, the list of allergens is growing; they are the same as in adults. Adolescent urticaria is accompanied by typical symptoms: rash, blisters, itching. The rashes are clearly defined, rise above the skin, and have an irregular shape. A bloody crust may form at the site of the rash.

In severe cases there are:

swelling, skin turns pale
barking cough, hoarseness
vomiting, nausea, diarrhea
increased temperature, fever, cold sweat
loss of consciousness

If these symptoms develop, immediate doctor intervention is required.

Diagnosis of urticaria

Diagnosis of nettle disease in its typical course is not difficult. Based on medical history, patient complaints and clinical manifestations.

For some forms (heat, cold) of urticaria, special provocative tests, hematological blood tests, blood tests for hormones and biochemical parameters are used. In the future, a comprehensive examination of the patient is required.

Urticaria: treatment and first aid at home

Drug therapy

Let us clarify right away that there are no folk remedies that could be recommended for treatment at home, says the doctor... Therefore, do not waste precious time searching for them, but immediately contact a medical institution to see an immunologist-allergist, dermatologist or therapist.
Well, don’t take everything so seriously - this is how they teach you to treat in medical school...

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In some cases it is necessary to call emergency assistance. Before the brigade arrives, act independently:

eliminate the allergen that caused the reaction
give warm water
if necessary, drink Enterosgel, Smecta or activated carbon sorbent

For food allergies - gastric lavage. If you have an allergic reaction to the injection, apply ice to the injection area.

How to quickly cure hives using medications? To cure urticaria, in most cases it will be necessary to take the following antihistamines:

Tavegil
Diazolin
Suprastin
Diphenhydramine

Their plus is the quick effect of use, the minus is a short-term effect and a hypnotic effect (induces sleep), as well as all sorts of side effects, including cardiac arrest. One-time use or for a short period of time (maximum 5 days) is recommended, as the body becomes accustomed to the described tablets. There is incompatibility with other medications.

In 40% of cases, taking these drugs will relieve the symptoms of rash and itching, especially in the acute form of the disease.

In parallel, you can use non-medicinal products: menthol solution (aqueous) and soda baths or lotions with soda to relieve itching.

Jpg" alt="1attention" width="640" height="186" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i0.wp..jpg?w=700&ssl=1 700w, https://i0.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C87&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

Drug treatment for urticaria is limited to relieving symptoms. There are three lines of treatment for nettle rash. Based on analysis and laboratory tests, as well as the course of the disease, only a doctor can choose what is suitable for a particular patient.

1. Histamine blockers (H1 and H2), glucocorticosteroids - for a complicated form of the disease and adrenaline - for Quincke's edema.

Histamine blockers H1 and H2, most effective in suppressing urticaria:

Ranitidine 150 mg orally 2 times a day.
Diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine) 25-50 mg orally 4 times a day).
Cyproheptadine (peritol) 4 mg orally 3 times a day.
Cetirizine - 10 mg once a day for two weeks (short-term) or more than two weeks and up to three months (medium-term).
Desloratadine 5 mg for at least the medium term and 20 mg for the short term.
Levocetirizine 5 mg was effective in completely suppressing urticaria in the medium term, and 20 mg was effective in the short term (lower doses were not effective).

Glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are hormonal drugs used to prevent edema:

Prednisolone
Prednisol
Dexamethasone
Nerobol

Most of the medications listed have dangerous side effects, so they can only be used as directed and under the supervision of a doctor.

Folk remedies

What do healers advise us? What herbs or mixtures can reduce symptoms, itching and blisters?

To alleviate the condition of patients with nettle disease, medicinal herbs, bee products, various essential oils, and horseradish juice are used:
data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://prozdorovechko.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Screenshot_1.jpg" alt="Screenshot_1" width="640" height="100" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i0.wp..jpg?w=670&ssl=1 670w, https://i0.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C47&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" data-recalc-dims="1"> Огромное количество рецептов для разных видов сыпи найдете здесь. От себя могу добавить, что прием ванны с отваром крапивы отлично снимает зуд и припухлость кожи.!}

Collect a bucket of nettle leaves, brew with boiling water, cover with a lid until cool, strain, pour into the bath - the effect is amazing! You can even sleep, as the itching goes away...

Alternative medicine

From the point of view of alternative medicine, all skin diseases are associated with disruption of the functioning of our internal sewage system - lymph. Our blood moves due to the work of the heart and the contraction of the muscular lining of the blood vessels. With lymph everything is different. In order for the lymph not to turn into a stagnant swamp, it is necessary to move the muscles of the body and work the active points that the skin is rich in (oriental medicine actively uses them for various types of healing).

Any skin disease tells a person through the body that there is a problem with the lymph - it does not move and is not cleansed. Therefore, alternative medicine has a completely different approach to treating hives. Its goal is not to relieve the symptoms of redness and itching, but to remove the cause that causes it.

In simple and accessible words, it is necessary to clean the sewer so that lymph can flow freely and carry various waste products from the cells of our body to the excretory organs (kidneys, lungs, liver and sweat glands).

That is, any skin problem is a signal that the body is too acidic, there are too many unutilized toxic waste products of the body, the immune system is also weakened due to a large number of toxins.

What needs to be done to ensure that the body copes with the removal of waste materials? First of all, help the liver in its work with cleansing blood and lymph.

In almost every article I mention the importance of natural cleansing of the body, which the Creator gave us - in time to remove bile from the body, which represents various waste and toxic substances collected by liver macrophages from the blood. To do this, you just need to have breakfast in the morning with a teaspoon of butter or other fat. Only the fat will open the gallbladder valve and release bile into the duodenum, from where it will naturally leave the body and carry away all the dirt.

Neumyvakin about skin diseases

With the help of quartz, the geomagnetic field is transferred from places of pilgrimage, electromagnetic components of water are added, which provide turbulence to the water and this bath promotes healing. Water is used to massage the feet, calf muscles, thighs, tailbone, entire spine, kidneys, heart and lungs, collar area and back.

Thanks to the swirling water, the work of biologically active points is stimulated, they begin to work normally, the lymphatic and circulatory system receives a certain tone and skin diseases begin to disappear - psoriasis plaques disappear and new ones do not appear. The same methods can be applied to the treatment of nettle rash, because it is also caused by dirty lymph.

He also states an interesting idea: if you use modern shampoos and soaps, it is impossible to cure skin diseases, since they wash away the protective layer of the skin - acidic, with a pH of 5-6. As a result, all chemical dirt (flavors, dyes, preservatives, emulsifiers) enters the lymph through the skin and poisons it.

Personal experience with urticaria

You can use medicinal herbs both externally and internally - I prefer factory-produced phytocomplexes. Only thanks to them I got rid of numerous, different types of hives.

I was very skeptical about all kinds of cleansing of the body with the help of nutraceuticals (the same dietary supplements that work at the cellular level). But my experience in dealing with nettle rash confirmed the correctness of the approach of alternative medicine - traditional medicine could only cope for a short time.

Work in radioactive zones always - sooner or later - makes itself felt and hits a weak spot. This place turned out to be an allergic rash. Then - cold, then food, chemical and the last nail in the coffin was solar urticaria.

After that, I began to look for more radical ways to solve the problem, otherwise I was offered hormonal drugs, since antihistamines only relieved the problem of itching and rashes for a short time.

I stopped eating all red berries, using washing powders, all disinfectants with bleach, wearing long sleeves in the summer and hiding from the sun. Antibiotics caused swelling. I was simply afraid to even look at honey...

Now there is none of this - and for a long time! I don’t believe there was such a period in my life! It’s true what they say - if you are really looking for something, the Creator will send it to you. He helped me meet with the phytocomplexes of the Choice company (CHOICE) - after six months I forgot what food and chemical allergies and edema were. A year later, cold urticaria disappeared. I am sharing a regimen for treating urticaria with natural herbal mixtures.

Scheme for cleansing the body with phytocomplexes

Here is a regimen for taking phytocomplexes to cleanse the body, which is designed for three months. I took it for 6 months (that is, three months twice) - during the examination they found almost the entire system of elements from the periodic table, including mercury. I see no point in describing the action of each phytocomplex - after all, the result is important to everyone.

Jpg" alt=" Body cleansing scheme: second month" width="500" height="300" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i1.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i1.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C180&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}
Third month- this is the purification of blood, lymph (intercellular space and the cell itself), restoration of the musculoskeletal system and vascular elasticity:

Data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://prozdorovechko.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/ochistka3.jpg" alt=" Body cleansing scheme: third month" width="500" height="300" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i1.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i1.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C180&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}
You can find the composition of each complex on the Internet or look at it. If you want to buy, write in the comments. I’m not involved in distribution myself, but I know who to contact in both Ukraine and Russia.

Why do I recommend these particular herbal mixtures? I tried cleaning products from other companies, but there was almost always a relapse. Perhaps because I had to go through the circuit twice. There has never been a relapse - since 2007! But I take the first month’s capsules every six months and the entire regimen once a year.

Types of urticaria, its causes and characteristics

Currently, there is no unified taxonomy of urticaria. There are a large number of different variants of the disease, depending on the cause of its occurrence and the mechanism of its occurrence. First of all, identify:

acute form of pathology development
chronic form of development

Acute nettle disease most often affects children, and the chronic form is more typical for adults aged 20–40 years.

Acute urticaria, photo

For acute form characterized by the sudden appearance of blisters of various locations, with itching and burning. The disease occurs in several outbreaks lasting from several hours to several weeks.

In acute urticaria, a characteristic symptom is the appearance of blisters, accompanied by a rise in temperature. Nettle fever is accompanied by a general malaise. Intestinal pain and neurological disorders occur.

The acute form develops as an allergic reaction to food and medications. In children there may be a connection with a viral infection.

Below are photos of acute urticaria in children, like food allergies.
.jpg" alt="Acute urticaria in children" width="500" height="250" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i0.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C150&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">1.jpg" alt="Blisters in acute urticaria" width="500" height="356" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i0.wp.1.jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp.1.jpg?resize=300%2C214&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1"> Посмотрите фото острой крапивницы у взрослых на прием антибиотиков.!}
.jpg" alt="Nettle rash as a reaction to an antibiotic" width="500" height="283" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i1.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i1.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C170&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

Chronic urticaria, its types, photos

For hives in chronic form multiple relapses are typical. The disease lasts for months, even years. Characterized by paroxysmal blisters.

The disease is associated with chronic internal diseases, nervous diseases and the presence of a source of infection in the body. In the vast majority of patients, the cause remains unknown.
.jpg" alt="Chronic urticaria" width="500" height="515" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i2.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i2.wp..jpg?resize=291%2C300&ssl=1 291w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

In chronic pathology there are:

idiopathic urticaria, they account for up to 80%
allergic urticaria – it accounts for 5%
rashes caused by physical factors - about 15%

Physical allergies include cold, heat, sun, medication and others caused by physical factors.

Idiopathic urticaria disease, photo

When the causes of the disease cannot be identified, we are talking about idiopathic urticaria. It is often called chronic idiopathic urticaria due to the duration of its course. Occurs as a reaction to an allergen.

diopaticheskaya-krapivnica2.jpg" alt="Idiopathic urticaria disease" width="500" height="272" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i2.wp.diopaticheskaya-krapivnica2.jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i2.wp.diopaticheskaya-krapivnica2.jpg?resize=300%2C163&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}
It can be caused by the following diseases of organs and systems:

renal disorders
malignant neoplasms, lymphogranulomatosis
diseases of the biliary tract, thyroid gland, diabetes
rheumatoid arthritis, lupus

Populations with alcohol and drug addiction and metabolic disorders are susceptible. Medicine suggests that idiopathic rash contributes to the development of leukemia and lymphoma.

Due to autoimmune processes, the body produces antibodies that destroy the immune system.

The main symptoms of this form are similar to those of other forms. This is a rash, watery, outlined blisters, unbearable itching and swelling. The temperature may rise, weakness and chills may appear.

The rash on the body persists for a long time, up to 1.5 months, changing location. Relapses often occur, exhausting the patient.

Treatment is difficult due to a lack of understanding of the cause of the disease and ignorance of the provoking factors.

Allergic urticaria, photo

Contact with allergens leads to the development of an allergic rash in adults, as in children. The most common allergens:

food supplies and additives – eggs, milk, fruits and vegetables, nuts
medications
pollen
viral infection

The main symptom is a outlined, pale rash that rises above the surface. The size and amount of the rash varies.
.jpg" alt="Allergic urticaria" width="500" height="328" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i2.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i2.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C197&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">1.jpg" alt="allergies, rash" width="500" height="500" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i1.wp.1.jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i1.wp.1.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i1.wp.1.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

Diagnosis is difficult, and sometimes the allergen cannot be identified. Treatment is carried out according to standards for allergic diseases. First of all, it is necessary to exclude contact with provoking factors and start taking antihistamines.

Rash caused by physical factors

There are a number of skin rashes caused by physical factors. Consider this type of skin rash.

Nerve rash, photo

A rash from nerves occurs as a reaction of blood vessels to stress. Women get sick more often and more severely. External symptoms are the same as for all types of nettle disease. Watery blisters forming red spots, severe itching.

The occurrence of a nervous rash is promoted by diseases of the cardiovascular, reproductive systems and digestive tract. People who are unstable to stress and easily suggestible are susceptible.

Treatment begins with eliminating the stress factor and taking sedatives and antihistamines, which will be prescribed by an allergist.

Jpg" alt="Nervous rash" width="500" height="375" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i0.wp..jpg?w=768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

Demographic or dermographic rash, photo

Distributed in 5% of the world's population. No inflammatory processes occur at the site of the allergic reaction. Does not affect general well-being.

Symptoms disappear after a few hours. At the site of contact, stripes or other shapes appear, like those of an irritant. Over time, the pattern becomes swollen and rises above the surface.

In rare cases, blisters may occur. Within a few hours, symptomatic signs disappear.

To recognize the disease, it is enough to conduct a test yourself. Scratch a shape on your forearm, white stripes will appear. Which will turn red after some time. Then after about an hour they will disappear. There is no itching or pain.

Diagnosis is not difficult. Specific treatment is usually not required. But this must be decided by the doctor.
.jpg" alt="Demographic or dermographic rash" width="500" height="364" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i0.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C218&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

Solar urticaria or photodermatosis

The name of the disease speaks for itself - it occurs due to high susceptibility to UV rays. More than 3% of the world's population suffers from this disease. Children and women with white, thin skin are more susceptible.
.jpg" alt="Solar urticaria" width="500" height="295" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i1.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i1.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C177&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">1.jpg" alt="photodermatosis" width="500" height="267" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i2.wp.1.jpg?w=600&ssl=1 600w, https://i2.wp.1.jpg?resize=300%2C160&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

Unprotected parts of the body are affected - face, arms, neck, back, legs. After an hour or two exposure to the sun, red spots and small blisters appear.

Unbearable itching occurs, fever and chills appear. In the shadows, the manifestations of the reaction disappear. Symptoms return when exposed to the sun again.

Photodermatosis is classified as a false allergy due to the lack of antibodies in the blood. The main help is to reduce sun exposure. Walk only in the mornings and evenings.

To protect yourself from the sun, you need to use special products with UV protection. Wear closed clothing. To drink a lot of water. For drug treatment, see a doctor!

Cold rash, photo

Cold urticaria is an allergic response of the body to exposure to cold. Red itchy sores, blisters, and rashes appear on the skin. Everyone's body's reaction to cold is different. Some people tolerate the symptoms quite easily, while for others they cause severe discomfort.

Cold allergies can come in two forms:

acquired, lasting 3-4 hours
hereditary, duration is more than 30 hours

In the hereditary form of the disease, the skin turns red and severe itching appears. This is accompanied by fever, pain in the joints and head, and weakness. There is an increase in leukocytes in the blood.

Cold allergies are characterized by instantly appearing large watery blisters, swollen lips and a swollen tongue. The rash appears on the hands, face, lips. It quickly spreads to free areas, increasing in size and merging with each other. The blisters disappear within a day.

Fever is often accompanied by a cough, which can lead to bronchial asthma. As a complication - anaphylactic shock, with difficulty breathing, fainting. Possible death.

The causes of cold allergies are unknown. The risk of inheritance is 50%. Cold rash is a disease of the autoimmune system when the body's defenses cannot cope with antibodies.
.jpg" alt="Cold rash" width="500" height="365" srcset="" data-srcset="https://i1.wp..jpg?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i1.wp..jpg?resize=300%2C219&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-recalc-dims="1">!}

In some episodes, cold urticaria turns out to be a symptom of another somatic disease. Diagnosing the disease is not difficult. Patients with this pathology should avoid low temperatures.

Warm compresses on the affected areas and immediate medical attention are indicated as first aid. It is recommended to avoid long walks in the cold, drink plenty of fluids and moisturize the skin.

Drug rash, photo

Drug-induced urticaria occurs as an acute reaction, begins suddenly and ends quickly. Appears after several days of treatment, rarely after several hours.

A dangerous complication of drug rash is Quincke's edema; if timely assistance is not provided, death can occur. Common causes of drug-induced urticaria:

personal intolerance to the drug, tendency to allergies
slow metabolism of medications
overdose and simultaneous use of several medications with different chemical compositions that are incompatible with each other
drinking alcohol with medications
liver and kidney failure

An allergy, once arising to a drug, will manifest itself all the time. Often antibacterial drugs, barbiturates, painkillers, anesthetics, and vitamins A and B act as allergens.

The disease occurs acutely with characteristic symptoms: unbearable itching of individual areas or the entire body. The surface of the skin turns red, rashes and blisters appear throughout the body or in localized areas.

The following areas of the body are most susceptible to rash (see photo):

areas of skin on the bends of the limbs - on the arms, legs, palms
facial skin
stomach

In rare cases, the eyelids, mucous membranes of the nose and mouth are affected, and much less often the genitals.

The main symptoms include fever, runny nose, lacrimation, headache and joint pain, bronchospasm and difficulty breathing, the heart and kidneys are affected.

Children's drug-induced urticaria occurs with more severe symptoms, with fever and increased temperature. The rash appears in skin folds, on the neck, genitals and causes severe discomfort.

High room temperature increases the risk of complications. Scratching the blisters can cause infection in the wound, which can lead to dermatitis.

To make the treatment more effective, you need to drink a lot, humidify the air in the room, and wear loose, natural clothes. Take a bath with herbal infusions.

For diagnosis, a hematological blood test is performed. The detected increased eosinophilia indicates the presence of an allergy.

Treatment begins with discontinuation of the drug that caused the allergy. Antihistamines are prescribed, preferably in a course.
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Prevention of urticaria, diet

A radical change in living conditions and lifestyle, avoiding stress, normalizing intestinal function. Minimize the use of household chemicals.

So, now you know what urticaria is, its symptoms and treatment, and what its causes are. How the disease progresses in adults and children, how to properly protect yourself and loved ones from this problem, you know what first aid to provide.

If you are prone to allergic reactions, do not forget about prevention throughout your life, and you will get rid of many unpleasant moments.
The most important thing is to cleanse the intercellular space and lymph - then you will forget about it forever! I succeeded, so you can too.

I suggest watching a video about urticaria in the famous program “Live Healthy.”

are interconnected parameters, since for different forms of pathology, correction measures may differ. Therefore, diagnosis of the disease plays a decisive role in prescribing effective treatment.

Urticaria (photo): symptoms in adults

Urticaria is an inflammatory skin lesion that manifests itself in the form of pink rashes on the skin. What are the symptoms can be considered the brightest? The pathology is characterized by swelling of the papillary layer of skin and intense itching. The term “urticaria” arose because the external manifestations of the condition are similar to a nettle burn to the skin. in the form of urticaria occurs no less often than of a similar origin.

Urticaria also has another name, namely - polyetiological dermatosis. This term reflects the fact that the disease occurs for a number of different reasons.

Photo manifestations of urticaria allows you to evaluate what does it look like with this pathology. The main causes of the disease reflect video, symptoms also manifest themselves in the form of skin lesions.

First signs of urticaria are the appearance of pink rashes that gradually spread.

When identifying pathology, it is important to answer the question: “ Does the hives itch or not? Every allergist can assure the patient that the answer is clear affirmative.

Stages of the pathological process

You need to know that with the allergic variety of urticaria (the most common form), the following stages are distinguished:

Immunological. The beginning of the stage involves contact with an allergen. As it progresses, antibodies are produced and accumulated.
Pathochemical. It involves the formation (in case of initial exposure to the allergen) or secretion of ready-made antibodies and mediators (in case of recurrence).
Pathophysiological. Includes the response of body tissues to synthesized allergic mediators. After their concentration in the blood increases, the main clinical signs of urticaria appear.

Causes of urticaria in adults

The progression of external signs of urticaria is explained by an increase in local vascular permeability, which causes swelling to develop in a short time. An important factor of opportunity emergence this pathology is a hereditary predisposition to allergies.

There are several main reasons (triggers) appearance urticaria in adult patients:

Intolerance to certain medications, which most often include antibiotic drugs, non-narcotic analgesics, gamma globulins, and serums.
Reaction to food allergens, which include: egg white, seafood, citrus fruits, berries, mushrooms.
Bites of certain insects, most often bees, mosquitoes, wasps, fleas.
The action of certain physical factors: solar radiation, low temperatures, touching metal or wooden surfaces.
Action of toxic substances.
Helminthiases.
Disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system.
Reaction to household chemicals.
Reaction to airborne allergens: pollen, pet dander, dust.
Blood transfusion or organ transplantation.
Oncological pathologies.

Depending on the provoking cause, the symptoms of urticaria may be different, which can be noted on photo.

Types of urticaria in adults

According to the characteristics of the clinical course, three forms of the pathological process are distinguished:

Acute. It is characterized by a general deterioration in health, blisters on the skin, and an increase in body temperature. One of the particular forms of acute urticaria is Quincke's edema.

Chronic recurrent. It can last for months or years and develops as a continuation of the acute form of urticaria. Characteristic periods of exacerbation and remission.

Persistent papular chronic. The rash (photo) is constantly localized on the skin and gradually spreads. Characteristic not only rashes on the body, but also , And .

According to the main provoking factors, the following types of urticaria are distinguished:

Cold. Triggered by exposure to low temperatures. Reflex cold pathology develops through direct contact of the skin with cold objects.

Solar. Possible due to solar radiation.

Thermal. Caused by the action of heat.

Dermographic. Develops after minor scratches on the skin.

All these forms can be combined into the concept “ physical urticaria”.

Also one of the forms of urticaria is contact, which develops through direct contact with an irritant, most often an allergen.

Aquagenic urticaria progresses on contact with water.

If the causes of the pathological process remain unclear, then this condition is called “ idiopathic urticaria”.

The variety of clinical forms of urticaria creates certain difficulties in diagnosing this disease. To identify pathology, it is necessary to contact not only a dermatologist, but also an allergist, to establish the possible allergic nature of the disease.

How to treat urticaria in an adult: list of drugs

When on the skin symptoms of urticaria in patients, the main question arises - how to heal quickly? Only the attending physician can give the correct answer to this question after a full diagnosis and determination of the factor that provoked the pathology.

Treatment regimen for urticaria involves the use of etiotropic therapy and symptomatic funds. Selection of a specific complex treatment methods depends on the form of the pathological process.

Etiotropic treatment involves eliminating the provoking factor. It is important to exclude possible contacts with allergens of any nature. It is necessary to adjust the diet and thoroughly clean the premises. If urticaria was caused by taking certain medications, then their use becomes unacceptable for life.

The following medications are used as systemic therapy in adult patients:

Antihistamines medicines. These include diphenhydramine, cetirizine, loratadine and other drugs.
Systemic glucocorticosteroid drugs in the case of a generalized form of pathology ( dexamethasone, prednisolone).
Means for desensitization. These include: cocarboxylase, unithiol, calcium chloride.
Adrenaline hydrochloride in case of acute edema and threat to the patient's life.

Symptomatic local remedies are used to reduce the symptoms of itching and the intensity of rashes on the patient’s skin. For this purpose, various ointments (Fenistil, hydrocortisone and others).

In the case of pseudoallergic urticaria, it is important to pay special attention to the therapeutic correction of the provoking pathology and to prevent its exacerbation.

In the most severe cases, it is necessary to carry out detoxification measures in a hospital setting. For this purpose, hemodesis, glucose injections, hemasorption, and plasmapheresis are prescribed.

Urticaria treatment for adults with folk remedies

Traditional medicine has a wide range treatment options hives. But before you use any of the traditional methods therapy, you should consult your doctor. Self-medication can lead to a deterioration in the patient’s condition and the development of serious complications.

Among the most effective methods of traditional medicine are the following:

Infusions medicinal plants: chamomile, string, burdock, oak and nettle. They should be used to wipe the skin to eliminate rashes.
Celery juice. This remedy strengthens the immune system and promotes effective treatment of urticaria. When using it, you need to follow the dosage: one teaspoon four times a day.
Yarrow infusion. It is prepared in this way: one tablespoon of raw material is poured into a glass of hot water and infused for about half an hour. You need to take this remedy orally, four times a day, a third of a glass.
To relieve symptoms of itching and skin irritation, it is recommended to mix tinctures of valerian, motherwort and hawthorn and take orally before a night's rest.
Herbal infusion collection: lemon balm, valerian and hops. To prepare it, you need to mix 20 grams of raw materials. Next, 1 tablespoon of raw material is poured with 200 ml of hot water. You need to take this infusion three times a day, 40 ml. This product can also be added to water during bathing.
Lotions made from grated raw potatoes effectively relieve skin manifestations of urticaria. First you need to grate the potatoes, place them on the affected areas of the skin, and then apply a film. Leave for half an hour, then remove and wash the area of skin with warm water or herbal decoction.
It is useful to add to water during bathing infusions such medicinal plants: oregano, string, celandine, valerian.

All of the folk methods listed are for the most part symptomatic, that is, they help eliminate the main manifestations of the disease. The doctor will help you choose the most correct method of alternative treatment based on the characteristics of the clinical picture of the disease and the severity of the patient’s condition.

With the development of urticaria in adult patients, the diet should be adjusted nutrition in order not to provoke an exacerbation of the pathological process. The diet should be hypoallergenic, that is, it is intended to exclude those foods that can cause a serious allergic reaction. Even if you have not previously experienced an allergy to a particular product, during an exacerbation of the pathology, the body’s reaction to its use can be unpredictable.

The following products should be completely excluded:

It is also necessary to avoid drinking alcoholic beverages. Menu a patient suffering from urticaria, suggests only hypoallergenic dishes, recipes of which there are quite a lot. A doctor who, in addition to drug treatment, also prescribes a diet can help you choose a diet.

In order to minimize the manifestations of urticaria in adult patients, a number of recommendations should be followed:

Quitting bad habits - smoking and drinking alcohol.
Use of sedative herbal preparations or sedative medications.
Water at a comfortable temperature when taking baths, avoiding excessively hard washcloths and towels.
Use of natural, high-quality cosmetics.
Limiting time in the sun.
Regular wet cleaning and ventilation of the apartment.
Selection of clothing and bed linen made from natural fabrics.
Timely treatment of pathologies that can provoke exacerbation of urticaria.
Prevention of all possible contacts with allergens.
Strengthening the immune system: hardening, taking immunomodulatory drugs.

Particular attention should be paid to the treatment and prevention of urticaria. It is important to follow all medical recommendations and avoid contact with allergens and other provoking factors. Therapeutic correction measures should include both etiotropic and symptomatic treatment. It must be remembered that if preventive measures are not followed, an exacerbation of urticaria can occur at any time, so you should be more attentive to the characteristics of your body.

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