Can early pregnancy have a month? Menstruation during pregnancy - what is it really? Why can menstruation occur late during pregnancy?

The main sign that a woman will soon become a mother is her lack of menstruation. But not always every pregnancy proceeds without any peculiarities, and in about 20% of cases out of 100, the expectant mother may notice bloody discharge from the vagina at the very beginning of bearing the baby. They mislead some and make them doubt that a representative of the fair sex is pregnant, especially if the test gives a negative result, while others make them panic and rush to see a doctor. Let's figure out whether there are periods during pregnancy at all, and if so, what are they like, or is it pathological bleeding that requires urgent treatment.

When do you get your period during pregnancy?

There are few moments when a expectant mother experiences menstruation while carrying a baby, and they are very rare, but they still happen:

1. Short second phase of the menstrual cycle.

In 90% of cases in women, the luteal phase is 14 days. During this time, fertilization occurs and implantation of the fertilized egg into the wall of the uterus. The last event, as a rule, occurs 7–12 days after the meeting of the egg and sperm. However, if a woman has a very short second phase, then there is a high probability that implantation will not happen before the start of menstruation, but will happen during or after it. Therefore, to the question of what kind of periods are in the first month of pregnancy in this case, there is an answer - they are normal, both in the amount of discharge and in duration.

This pathology is very rare and, as a rule, is known about it long before pregnancy planning begins. In this case, menstruation repeats throughout the entire period of gestation and is no different from normal.

Uterine bleeding during pregnancy

Pathological bleeding from the genital tract in expectant mothers is much more common than menstruation, and it occurs for a number of reasons:

So, the answer to the question, what are periods like during pregnancy, there is a reasonable answer: the most ordinary ones, the same as they were before the crumbs appeared in your tummy. But it's a completely different matter if you experience uterine bleeding. In this case, you should not think long, but you need to visit a doctor. Perhaps this step will allow you to maintain and carry your pregnancy to term until your due date.

First of all, I want women to confirm to themselves that menstruation during pregnancy, In the literal sense of the word, not possible by definition. Yes, there are situations when bleeding during pregnancy occurs around the time when a woman should have started her period, however, firstly, most often their character is very different from normal menstruation, which suggests something is wrong, and secondly, when In any case, this is a deviation from the norm, which means it requires consultation with a doctor.

The situation is complicated by the fact that menstruation during early pregnancy misinforms the woman, which is why she may not even be aware of her pregnancy. Especially if menstruation during pregnancy and a negative test are combined. That is why from time to time situations arise when women do not know about their interesting situation until they are 3-4 months old. But situations are not uncommon when early diagnosis of pregnancy is a decisive factor in its preservation.

To understand why menstruation in the usual interpretation and pregnancy are not compatible, it is enough to recall the basic knowledge of anatomy that we were all given at school, but most women have already forgotten it, as it seems to them, as unnecessary.

The uterus consists of three layers: an outer mucous layer, a middle layer consisting of smooth muscle, and an inner mucous layer. Each of these layers performs its own function. For example, the myometrium, a muscle layer, protects the fetus from external influences, and also actively participates in the birth process, pushing the baby out with its contractions.

The most mobile and changeable layer of the uterus is called the endometrium. It increases during the first half of the cycle. The purpose of thickening the endometrium is to maintain pregnancy until the formation of the placenta, if one occurs. Implantation of the fertilized egg occurs in the mucous membrane.

Menstruation is the complete rejection of the endometrium if pregnancy does not occur. Mucus, along with blood from damaged blood vessels, leaves the body, and the process repeats from the very beginning. The simplest logical calculations will lead us to the natural conclusion that complete rejection of the endometrium during pregnancy will lead to miscarriage, since it will also capture the newly implanted fertilized egg.

So it turns out that the questions “Do you have periods during pregnancy?” and “How are periods during pregnancy?” They simply have no meaning, since menstruation is impossible during pregnancy. It is much more logical to talk about bleeding during pregnancy, and this is in most cases an alarming signal.

Are periods always dangerous during pregnancy?

In most cases, but fortunately not always. Yes, periods during early pregnancy are always a deviation from the norm, but they do not always threaten the health of the mother and child; in some cases, the situation is absolutely safe. The simplest and safest reason for bleeding for a period of several weeks is the period implantation of fertilized egg. This process may be accompanied by damage to blood vessels, and hence spotting from the vagina. However, implantation can take place without any symptoms such as bleeding.

Scanty periods during pregnancy can also occur in a number of other cases that do not harm the body. For example, if a fertilized egg didn't have time to implant into the mucous layer before the onset of menstruation. This process takes 7 to 15 days, so delays are possible, although extremely rare. There are no hormonal changes at this stage yet, which means there is no cancellation of menstrual bleeding. And the delay occurs only for the next cycle. A month later than it should be. In rare cases, two eggs mature in different ovaries at the same time or almost simultaneously. If one of them is fertilized, and the second is rejected, then menstruation occurs during pregnancy.

Another reason why menstruation is possible during pregnancy: various hormonal imbalances. For example, a lack of progesterone or an excess of androgens, male hormones. Both of them, up to a certain point, do not threaten pregnancy if they do not cross specific boundaries. In more complex cases, the consequences may be more serious. Fortunately, both are easily corrected by taking hormonal medications, but require timely consultation with a doctor. It is dangerous to “prescribe” these drugs to yourself.

Pathologies that cause menstruation during pregnancy

Depending on what kind of menstruation occurs during pregnancy, a variety of diagnoses can be made, and they are not always insignificant. In the early stages, bleeding most often indicates detachment of the fertilized egg, and, as a consequence, threatened miscarriage.

If the detachment is small, then the body will most likely cope with the situation on its own by increasing the production of progesterone to maintain pregnancy. In this case, the discharge will be scanty, most likely spotting. There may be no other symptoms. In more complex and dangerous cases, painful, heavy periods may occur during pregnancy. Such symptoms should be a reason for immediate visiting a doctor, as well as compliance bed rest and complete peace. Compliance or non-compliance with the last rule can be decisive in the matter of saving the pregnancy, so it should not be neglected.

Unfortunately, many women treat this recommendation condescendingly, considering light fussing around the house an analogue of bed rest: and really, how can you lie in bed if your husband comes home from work hungry in the evening? In fact, even a light jog with a broom can become a critical load in the event of a threatened miscarriage. That is why they try to hospitalize patients with this diagnosis, which ensures that women comply with bed rest.

Detachment of the ovum can be caused by a variety of reasons. For example, neoplasms on the myometrium, the muscular layer of the uterus, or a focus of endometriosis, if attachment occurs precisely in the affected area. This causes a lack of oxygen in the fetus and death.

Genetic disorders or significant pathological changes in the fetus as a result of intrauterine diseases, most often infectious, can also cause a miscarriage. In this case, it will most likely not be possible to save the pregnancy; all that remains is to examine the rejected fetus and try to avoid similar situations in the future.

Another very deplorable diagnosis, due to which some women have periods during pregnancy, is ectopic pregnancy. In this case, implantation of the fertilized egg occurs not in the uterus, but in the fallopian tube. As the embryo grows, it begins to run out of space, and as a result, the tube may rupture, which threatens the woman’s life, as internal bleeding occurs. Even if death can be avoided, which is very likely, the woman’s reproductive functions will be truncated, since the ruptured fallopian tube cannot be restored.

If a woman and her gynecologist suspect an ectopic pregnancy, the patient is immediately sent for an ultrasound examination to clarify the diagnosis, and if it is confirmed, then urgent surgical intervention is necessary. Previously, we were talking about abdominal surgery, but now ectopic pregnancy is removed by laparoscopy. This procedure involves three small punctures, through one of which a video camera is inserted into the abdominal cavity, through the rest - manipulators, with their help the fertilized egg is removed.

Laparoscopy is a much more gentle procedure than abdominal surgery. The rehabilitation period after this procedure is approximately 2 times less. Already on the second day, the woman will be able to stand up independently. The time of forced abstinence from food is also reduced. And purely aesthetically, three small, almost imperceptible scars from laparoscopy are much better than an incision across the entire abdomen.

What are the dangers of menstruation during pregnancy?

It is not difficult to guess that menstruation itself during pregnancy (with a positive test) does not pose a danger, except in cases where it is a case of really heavy bleeding that threatens serious blood loss. In most cases, the causes of menstruation during pregnancy are dangerous.

As in most other cases, a woman will not be able to make a diagnosis on her own, without consulting a gynecologist. Although he tries very often: he consults with friends, looks through thematic forums, and wastes time. Unfortunately, in some cases this ends disastrously for the woman’s pregnancy and health.

That is why both pregnant women and women who have not yet encountered pregnancy need to be attentive to their body. Any changes in the menstrual cycle, the nature of menstruation, consistency, abundance, and so on, may be a cause for concern. It makes sense to urgently seek consultation to clarify the diagnosis.

I would like to repeat once again: it doesn’t matter why you have periods during pregnancy, in any case it is necessary to get examined by a doctor as early as possible. The sooner a diagnosis is made and treatment is started, the greater the chance of maintaining the pregnancy.

And, even if the doctor does not find any cause for concern, he will at least reassure the pregnant woman. She will know for sure that nothing bad is happening to her, and all changes are absolutely safe. But the expectant mother does not need unnecessary worries and stress.

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Human physiology is amazing and complex, especially for us women. The female body is one big mystery, and although doctors have studied it inside and out, curious cases arise every day in medical practice that contradict all norms. These include menstruation during pregnancy.

Menstruation concept

To understand the unusual nature of this phenomenon, you should clearly understand the principle of operation of the female reproductive system. We all know that the work of the body of the fair sex is cyclical, and the first day of the cycle is considered to be the first day of menstruation. In the middle of the cycle (approximately on the 14th day), the egg matures, ready for fertilization. At this time, the lining epithelium inside the uterus increases in size and becomes loose, preparing for the attachment of a fertilized egg. The egg gradually moves through the fallopian tubes into the uterine cavity, and if conception does not occur, it is destroyed and comes out along with the sloughing layer of epithelium in the form of monthly bleeding. The cycle resumes.

Conclusion: menstruation is a clear sign that pregnancy has not occurred; it is the process of releasing a destroyed egg, cleansing before a new cycle.

Why do I get my period? I'm pregnant!

Can I get my period during pregnancy? Obviously not. It is logical to assume that menstruation in the truest sense of the word (the release of rejected endometrium and unclaimed eggs) cannot occur during a woman’s pregnancy for physiological reasons. This is normal and in theory. In practice, everything is completely different: approximately 10-20% of pregnant women experience periodic or regular periods both in the first trimester and until childbirth. Paradox!

In particularly curious cases, a lady finds out about her “interesting situation” at a very serious period of 4-5 months, when the baby began to move and the stomach began to protrude indecently (no longer looks like overeating and intestinal problems, right?).

And there is also the opposite situation, when a woman knows for sure that a new life is being born inside her and is surprised to discover the regulations that came exactly according to the “old schedule”, as if there was no pregnancy at all. And experts found their explanation for everything.

Is this menstruation?

To be honest, calling the bleeding that is sometimes observed in pregnant women menstrual bleeding is not entirely correct. Bleeding, yes, but not menstrual bleeding. Do we ladies figure it out? That’s why we call them as we are used to: menstruation.

But the point is not in the name, but in the very nature of such secretions. From a school biology course, and from personal experience, we know very well that a delay in regulation is the first sign of fertilization, that during pregnancy and lactation there are no periods and this is normal. So such a phenomenon in a pregnant woman is not the norm.

In the vast majority of such cases, women experience spotting (occurring for a number of reasons), which they can mistake for menstruation (they can begin at the same time, last for several days and resemble true menstruation in volume, color, etc.) . And all this is often observed in the first trimester.

Due to the prevalence of this phenomenon, some experts consider menstruation during early pregnancy to be a variant of the norm, BUT, only after examination for pregnancy-threatening conditions.

Conditionally safe causes of bleeding

In the first 4-5 weeks of pregnancy, a woman can actually experience real menstruation, which then will not recur in the next cycle. This happens rarely, but does occur, especially among those who have been using (birth control pills) for a long time before becoming pregnant.

The cause of such random periods may be a hormonal imbalance, when a change in the level of the hormone progesterone triggers menstrual changes. Usually there is no threat to the fertilized egg in this case, but you can’t hope for hope.

In addition to erratic hormones, the following situations can occur:

✓ The woman had two ovulations, i.e. At different times, an egg was released from each ovary. One was fertilized, and the other collapsed and came out bleeding;

✓ Late ovulation and fertilization, which occurred before menstruation began;

✓ Menstruation is caused by an egg somehow retained from a previous cycle while the “new” one is fertilized.

There are also bleedings caused by other reasons and having nothing to do with menstruation:

✓ implantation bleeding (loudly said) - scanty spotting or bloody discharge for 2-4 days, occurring at approximately 4 weeks of gestation at the time of attachment of the fertilized egg to the wall of the uterus;

✓ bleeding caused by mechanical damage to the cervix or vagina during a gynecological examination or sexual intercourse. Short-lived, meager.

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When to sound the alarm

It is absolutely clear that normally there should be no bleeding during the entire period of gestation, especially after 12 weeks of gestation.

Blood from the genital tract is actually a very alarming sign (but not always, as follows from the information above), signaling signs that threaten life and health, threatening not only the fetus, but also the mother.

What does bleeding during pregnancy indicate:

• ✓ ;

• ✓ P fetal pathologies incompatible with its further development. No matter how hard we try, circumstances do not always accommodate our desires. Prudent nature (natural selection - call it whatever you like) has thought through everything for us and gets rid of its own mistakes. In this case, if severe genetic mutations and embryogenesis disorders occur during fertilization, then the further development of the child is impossible, and the body itself terminates the pregnancy with a miscarriage; uterine incompetence.

• ✓ Women whose organ has an abnormal structure, is underdeveloped or has physiological defects, may experience problems with bleeding of varying intensity. In this case, the uterus is not able to bear a child;

• ✓ or – conditions in which the embryo or fetus has died in the womb or develops outside the uterine cavity. In any case, surgical intervention is required;

• ✓ AND infection and inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs. Usually the discharge is accompanied by an unpleasant odor. Naturally, a situation of this kind requires urgent treatment, since it threatens the health of the unborn baby;

• ✓ Placental abruption may cause bleeding starting from the 13th week of gestation. This condition also requires immediate intervention from specialists, since there is a high risk of blood loss in the woman and hypoxia in the fetus, including its death;

• ✓ P tympanic skid- a rare but dangerous phenomenon, characterized by the formation of many bubble-like structures from the chorion of the fetal egg. They form in the macular cavity, on the ovaries in the form of cysts and come out along with bleeding. The danger of this phenomenon lies in both the termination of pregnancy and the risk of the formation of a malignant tumor that quickly metastasizes to the brain and vital organs;

• ✓ G loss of one of the embryos during multiple pregnancy, while the second one can in relative order;

• ✓ P placenta previa can cause bleeding of varying degrees, this especially often happens in the third trimester, when the fetus is already quite large;

• ✓ D malignant formations in the uterine cavity (polyp, fibroids, etc.) as well as endometriosis.

As you can see, there are many more threatening conditions than situations where “menstruation” does not cause concern. But this is precisely why a woman should be wary of any discharge similar to menstruation at any time.

Immediate consultation with a doctor is necessary for the following symptoms:

✓ pain of any nature in the lower abdomen, on its sides;

✓ dizziness, nausea, vomiting;

✓ heavy bleeding from the vagina;

✓ the presence of dense clots, parts of tissue in the discharge;

✓ unpleasant odor;

✓ increased body temperature, pale skin.

If these symptoms occur, call an ambulance immediately! You can't hesitate!

How is menstruation different from bleeding during pregnancy?

The apparent similarity of external manifestations can completely confuse a woman, which makes her think about the beginning of menstruation, even if she is confident in her situation. But, as we found out, it is very rare to have periods during pregnancy. How to distinguish bleeding from normal menstruation?

✓ Non-duration. Bloody discharge generally lasts no more than 4 days;

✓ There are no symptoms of PMS (nagging pain, breast swelling, mood changes, etc.). Although in some cases it is noted that breast swelling, on the contrary, does not go away;

✓ menstruation CAN OCCUR in the first month (up to 5-6 weeks) of pregnancy due to disruptions in the reproductive system and are often observed once;

✓ The nature of menstruation should be determined based on whether the presence of a developing embryo/fetus is diagnosed. If a woman does NOT know about her situation, menstruation may occur for some reason (see previous point). If a woman is definitely pregnant, then, in most cases, spotting is not menstruation in the direct sense;

✓ bleeding from the vagina in an expectant mother in some cases does not pose a threat to life and health

✓ profuse bleeding, accompanied by pain, dizziness, fever, etc. require urgent medical intervention;

✓ IN ANY CASE, if you detect discharge close to bloody, you should ALWAYS notify your supervising doctor.

Remember that timely contact with specialists allows you to save the baby’s life, normalize your condition and get by with little blood in the literal and figurative sense of the word. A negligent attitude towards yourself and your unborn child, ignoring the signs of your body, and hoping for self-resolution of the problem are unacceptable!

Don’t be shy about saying that something is bothering you, don’t hide even such intimate details from your doctor, don’t sacrifice your health for the sake of household chores and work. Remember that pregnancy is a huge responsibility for someone else’s life, which is placed on your shoulders, and you have no right to put it at risk! Health to you and your children!

In the body of a woman of childbearing age, hormonal changes occur every month, the main purpose of which is to prepare the uterus for fertilization. If this does not happen, the inner layer is rejected. Therefore, menstruation in the early stages of pregnancy is a myth that has no medical basis.

Most likely, we are talking about bloody discharge that resembles menstruation. The nature of these bleedings is completely different. In most cases, they indicate a disruption in the normal course of pregnancy and the presence of complications. If the above symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor. Any delay can lead to a deterioration in the condition of both the expectant mother and the child.

Menstruation and the period of bearing a child are mutually exclusive conditions. To understand what changes occur in a woman’s body during fertilization, it is necessary to recall the school anatomy course.

The inside of the uterus is lined with a thin layer of cells, which has a good blood supply. At the beginning of the cycle, the endometrium is poorly developed, but gradually increases under the influence. Its main task is to ensure normal attachment of the fetus. Therefore, by the time the egg is ready for fertilization and enters the uterine cavity, the endometrium reaches its maximum thickness.

If a woman does not become pregnant, her hormonal levels change. Biologically active substances promote endometrial rejection, while at the same time damaging nearby vessels, which leads to bleeding.

Menstruation cannot occur once the egg is fertilized. The inner layer of the uterus only grows, ensuring further attachment and nutrition of the fetus.

The answer to the question of whether it is possible for a woman to have periods during early pregnancy is simple. No impossible. Detachment of the endometrium would occur along with the embryo, as a result -. In a healthy body, the inner layer is not able to be rejected in the presence of a fetus. Therefore, bleeding has nothing to do with menstruation.

Main reasons

One in five women experience spotting, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. They can resemble menstruation: start at the same period, last the same amount of time, which is often misleading. It's not menstrual blood anyway. To find out the cause of this condition, you need to go to the hospital, because there is a threat to the unborn child.

Variant of the norm

Discharge does not always indicate a serious pathology. If the amount of blood is small and does not last more than a few days, it may be the result of physiological changes in the body.

The most common causes of bleeding include:

• Implantation period. By the beginning of the second week, the fertilized egg attaches to the endometrium, which may be accompanied by rupture of small vessels and bleeding. The amount of discharge is small, duration is 1-2 days.
• The simultaneous maturation of two eggs can lead to the fact that one of them is implanted, and the other is released along with spotting.
• There is a small percentage of cases where fertilization occurs just before menstruation. The woman’s body does not have time to rebuild itself, and the delay occurs the next month.
• After sexual intercourse or examination by a gynecologist, contact bleeding begins. The mucous layer of the vagina and cervix becomes more sensitive and better supplied with blood. As a result of minor injuries during sex or a gynecological examination, blood vessels burst, which leads to the release of several milliliters of dark blood.

When menstruation during pregnancy is not normal

Spotting or heavy periods in early pregnancy may indicate serious disorders in the woman’s body. Therefore, spotting during pregnancy is a reason to consult a doctor. Using additional research methods, the gynecologist assesses the condition of the fetus and prescribes appropriate treatment.

The most common causes of bleeding in women in the early stages include:

• Ectopic pregnancy.
• Miscarriage.
• Hormonal disorders - excess amounts of androgens (male hormones) or deficiency.

After fertilization, the embryo must implant in the uterine cavity. There is a possibility that the embryo is implanted in another place: in the fallopian tubes, ovaries, peritoneum. In this case, an ectopic pregnancy develops. Up to a certain stage, the fetus is formed normally. But as soon as its size increases, the fallopian tubes rupture, which is accompanied by bleeding. Additionally, there is abdominal pain, usually on one side, nausea, and rapid heartbeat.

Menstruation during early pregnancy is the main symptom of miscarriage. Along with the blood, small clots come out - parts of the fertilized egg. One of the most common causes of embryonic detachment is genetic mutations. This is a kind of natural selection. In most cases, the fetus has serious structural abnormalities that are incompatible with life.

Hormonal imbalances, tumor diseases of the uterus, and infections can cause bleeding. Therefore, before it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination by a gynecologist and cure all diseases.

Is it dangerous?

Discharges that resemble menstruation should alert the expectant mother. They indicate that a malfunction has occurred in the body, because during the normal course of pregnancy there is no bleeding. It is a mistaken belief that menstruation will go away on its own and you don’t have to go to the doctor.

There is a great threat to the unborn child. Under the guise of normal menstruation, an ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage can be hidden. If you experience bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy, you cannot postpone going to the doctor. It is recommended to call an ambulance and get examined as quickly as possible.

The woman is also at risk. Heavy bleeding leads to the development. Weakness, drowsiness, dizziness are observed. As a result, the fetus does not receive enough oxygen, and there is a risk of death of the child.

With an ectopic pregnancy, rupture of the tubes is accompanied by massive hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity. This is an acute surgical pathology. The woman experiences severe pain in the abdomen, pallor, cold sweat, and possible loss of consciousness. To prevent this, it is necessary to visit a doctor at the first manifestations.

Alarming symptoms

If you experience discharge during pregnancy, you need to pay attention to its color, quantity, and duration.

The presence of the following manifestations should alert a woman:

• Acute, cramping pain in the lower abdomen may indicate a threat of miscarriage.
• Pale skin, drowsiness, headache are signs of prolonged bleeding and anemia.
• Nausea, vomiting, sticky sweat combined with pain occur with an ectopic pregnancy.
• Bloody, dark discharge with an unpleasant odor occurs when there is an infection.

How to distinguish periods from spotting

Bleeding may occur during the same period as menstruation.

There are some features when immediate consultation with a doctor is indicated:

• Discharge appears several days earlier than usual.
• Scanty periods during early pregnancy should alert you. This may be a few blood spots, or their duration does not exceed 1-2 days.
• The color varies - from dark to light pink.
• Scarlet blood indicates damage to the arteries.
• Heterogeneous discharge with lumps occurs due to miscarriage, when parts of the fertilized egg come out.

The presence of alarming symptoms is an unfavorable sign of the so-called menstruation during early pregnancy.

Heavy menstruation

If vaginal discharge occurs during pregnancy, it is necessary to monitor the amount of blood. One way is to count how many hygiene products are used per day and compare with previous months. If the number of pads is much higher, there is a risk of developing anemia. Heavy menstruation is explained by the fact that during pregnancy, blood flow in the uterus increases. Any damage to blood vessels or the endometrium is accompanied by significant discharge.

A woman loses iron, which is part of hemoglobin, along with her blood. The unborn child does not receive enough oxygen, which leads to hypoxia. Prolonged bleeding may result.

Heavy discharge also affects the mother's condition. Noteworthy is the pallor of the skin, constant weakness and drowsiness caused by oxygen starvation of the brain. Compensatory heart palpitations occur and breathing rate increases. In severe cases, loss of consciousness is possible.

First aid

Trying to stop your period on your own using traditional methods is prohibited. It is imperative to consult a doctor. Treatment tactics will depend on the situation.

After the examination, the doctor will do an ultrasound to determine the presence of a fertilized egg in the uterus, its size, and position. If the embryo is not in the right place, but is positive, the tubes, ovaries, and peritoneum should be examined. After identifying the embryo, termination of the ectopic pregnancy is indicated. This tactic helps prevent rupture of the fallopian tubes and internal bleeding.

In case of miscarriage or frozen pregnancy, it is carried out to remove the remnants of the fertilized egg. Hormonal disorders are corrected with the help of special medications.

The occurrence of so-called menstruation during pregnancy is a bad sign. If the discharge is abundant, with clots, accompanied by deterioration of the condition, abdominal pain, nausea, you need to call an ambulance. Timely treatment can save the life of the unborn child and avoid many complications.

Useful video about the threat of miscarriage

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