home Audience 5 Degrees of bradycardia: mild, moderate and severe. Symptoms and diagnosis of bradycardia How bradycardia manifests itself and its signs

Degrees of bradycardia: mild, moderate and severe. Symptoms and diagnosis of bradycardia How bradycardia manifests itself and its signs

The heart is the organ on the smooth operation of which a person's life and its quality depend. That is why even small deviations from the norm should attract attention and alert. What is bradycardia and why is it dangerous? What symptoms are characteristic of this pathology, we will consider below.

Arrhythmias

In a healthy person, the sections of the heart evenly contract and relax, pumping blood. The normal heart rate (HR) is between 60 and 90 beats per minute. You can register this indicator by placing a watch with a second hand in front of you and simply counting the pulse on the radial artery. Normally, it should be of good filling and tension, uniform, that is, the same time should pass between two blows. If the rhythm of the heart is disturbed, then this condition is called arrhythmia. It can be of several types.

Types of arrhythmia

tachycardia? This question arises in those happy people who have not come across heart disease closely. These are two polar arrhythmias. Tachycardia is an increase in the number of heartbeats over a hundred beats per minute. There is another type of arrhythmia - extrasystole. It is characterized by premature contractions of the heart. Answering the question of what bradycardia is, we can say that this is a decrease in the number of heartbeats to 55 and below. As a rule, such a rhythm disturbance in the early stages has no clinical signs and is detected during a routine examination.

Physiological bradycardia

If you, having become interested in what sinus bradycardia of the heart is, and having counted the pulse, found out that it is below 50, you should not panic and call an ambulance. In those people who play sports or physical labor, bradycardia is not at all uncommon. At the same time, they do not experience any unpleasant sensations, that is, the volume of blood entering the brain does not decrease. This is due to the fact that, due to the constant load, their respiratory and cardiovascular systems are more developed than those of the average person. Thus, the question of what is bradycardia loses relevance for them. Its occurrence in a healthy person is possible in a stressful situation, with severe fatigue and after a long stay in the cold or in a hot and humid climate (or, for example, in a steam room). Moderate sinus bradycardia (what it is, we'll talk more about it below) can be triggered by a tightly tightened tie or collar. Such conditions do not pose a danger to human health and do not require special treatment.

Bradycardia due to inhibition of pacemaker activity

Analyzing what bradycardia is and why it is dangerous, it should be mentioned that a pathological decrease in heart rate can be caused by several reasons. And one of them is the oppression of the pacemaker. This occurs due to a drop in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system or increased excitation of the vagus nerve. In turn, the cause of these phenomena may be such humoral factors as high levels of bile acids in the blood, low levels of thyroid hormones. The development of bradycardia in this case can provoke the following factors:

Decreased rhythm due to blockades

Speaking about what bradycardia is, the following should be noted: heart blockade can also become its cause (the transmission of an impulse to various parts of the organ is disrupted). However, it can be sinoauricular. There is a violation of the transmission of the impulse through the atria, when the currents are transmitted from the sinus node to the myocardium through time. It may also be atrioventricular. In this case, the violation of impulse transmission occurs through the ventricles? and some of their contractions simply fall out of the heart rhythm. In the development of such blockades, three degrees are distinguished. With the first, there is a slight decrease in the rate of impulse transmission to the ventricles, with the second, not all of them reach, and with the third, there is a decrease in the number of contractions caused by blockade of the conduction system.

Symptoms of bradycardia

Well, finally we got to the most important thing. Let's answer the main questions: "Sinus bradycardia - what is it and what are its symptoms?" It should be noted that in most cases this pathology proceeds unnoticed and is detected by chance during preventive examinations. Only with the transition to a chronic form, the disease begins to actively manifest itself. This is due to the fact that as a result of a decrease in the frequency of contractions, the volume of blood decreases, as well as the amount of oxygen and glucose entering the brain. In the early stages, the disease is manifested by weakness, dizziness, cold sweat. Sleep and memory are disturbed. Patients complain of anxiety, heart failure, shortness of breath. Despite the seeming insignificance of the symptoms, in order to understand sinus bradycardia - what it is and what real danger it poses, it is enough to consider the symptoms that appear when the process enters an acute stage. Here, the signs of cerebral hypoxia are pronounced in the nature of heart failure. In addition, the patient may be haunted by pain in the region of the heart (angina pectoris), darkening of the eyes, frequent moments of confused consciousness (half fainting). Severe bradycardia may be complicated by the Morgagni-Adams-Stokes symptom. It is manifested by loss of consciousness, a sharp pallor of the skin, respiratory failure, convulsions. It must be remembered that if the interval between ventricular contractions exceeds 15 seconds, then cardiac arrest and clinical death are possible.

Moderate bradycardia

Moderate bradycardia is considered if the heart rate is within the range of 55 to 45 beats per minute. As a rule, it is asymptomatic or manifests itself as small autonomic disorders. The reason for it is most often an increase in the tone of the vagus nerve, which is responsible for the contractile function of the heart. Clinically moderate bradycardia can be manifested by increased fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath.

Bradycardia in children: causes

Sadly, this disease can manifest itself at any age, and the diagnosis of "sinus bradycardia" in children is quite often noted. We have analyzed what it is in adults, however, in small patients, the pathology will have slightly different criteria. The child's heart beats faster, so the indicators change. The diagnosis of bradycardia in children can be made in the following cases:

if the heart rate of a newborn child is below 100 beats per minute;
in children from one to six years old - less than 70;
in adolescents - from 60 and below.

As a rule, such deviations from the normal rhythm, even if they do not have any external manifestations, do not lead to anything good and in the future can cause the development of many pathological conditions. Therefore, the sooner bradycardia is detected, its cause is determined and treatment is prescribed, the more likely it is to avoid complications that brain hypoxia can cause. The reasons for this pathology are also different. Often it can be caused by such ordinary things as holding the breath, fear, or impressions accumulated during the day (in many children, the heart rate in the evening is an order of magnitude lower than in the morning). In addition, bradycardia can cause:

neurosis, endocrine disorders in adolescents;
fetal hypoxia;
increased intracranial pressure;
infectious diseases;
fast growth;
lead poisoning, nicotine;
hypothyroidism.

Symptoms of bradycardia in children

During this disease, three stages of development can be distinguished. If at the first stage bradycardia appears only with a slight deterioration in well-being and it can be determined only with the help of laboratory diagnostics, then at the second stage its manifestations are already more pronounced. You can suspect this pathology in a child if he makes the following complaints:

lethargy, fatigue, bouts of dizziness;
loss of appetite;
difficulty breathing, shortness of breath;
cold sweat, loss of consciousness;
distraction;
chest pain, slow pulse;
pressure surges.

Despite all these symptoms, moderate bradycardia does not pose a threat to the life of the child and is perfectly treated. However, the third stage of the disease can cause serious pathological changes both in the myocardium and in other organs and have very serious consequences, even death. That is why it is important to identify bradycardia in a timely manner and begin its treatment.

Treatment of bradycardia

What is bradycardia and how is it treated? These questions become vital for those who have been diagnosed with this. It should be noted that this pathology belongs to those diseases that require drug therapy only in case of severe clinical manifestations. If you have been given a similar diagnosis, but there are no special deviations in the vital activity of the body, treatment is not carried out. If the patient's condition worsens, there are frequent fainting, dizziness, symptoms of heart failure increase, therapy consists in taking one of the following drugs:

"Atropine" - after three hours intravenously, 2 milligrams or subcutaneously, 0.5-1.0 milligrams;
"Isoproterenol" - intravenous drip up to 4 milligrams;
"Alupent" - infusion (10 milligrams per 500 milliliters of saline);
extracts of eleutherococcus or ginseng;
belladonna preparations.

In severe cases, treatment is carried out in a hospital and is aimed at stabilizing hemodynamics and eliminating the causes of bradycardia. The dose of medicinal substances is determined by the doctor for each patient individually.

pacing

In cases where bradycardia is associated with the natural aging of the body or it cannot be stabilized with the help of drug therapy, pacing is prescribed. The indications for this intervention are a decrease in heart rate to 30-40 beats per minute, frequent loss of consciousness, symptoms of MAS, signs of heart failure. The procedure is performed using a probe, which is inserted through the subclavian vein into the cavity of the heart. In this case, pacing can be both temporary (for acute disorders) and permanent. Constantly the procedure is carried out with the help of implantation of a pacemaker. Modern models are a device that is no larger than a wristwatch and weighs less than 100 grams. Under local anesthesia, it is implanted just below the collarbone. Thanks to this, the patient gets the opportunity to simulate the heart rhythm. For example, with constant bradycardia, the device also works constantly, and if it is of a transient nature, then the pacemaker turns on only during an attack, and turns off after it ends. In addition, there are now rhythm-adaptive stimulators that can independently increase heart rate during increased physical activity. Thus, the patient gets the opportunity to forget about what bradycardia is.

Modern medicine is able to withstand many dangerous diseases. But, despite all its possibilities, heart pathologies rank first in terms of mortality. To avoid such a sad outcome, be more attentive to your health. Eliminate bad habits, and if you feel unwell, do not postpone a visit to the doctor. Then the question of how bradycardia manifests itself, what it is and how to treat this disease, will lose relevance for you.

What it is? Bradycardia is not considered as a separate disease - it is a manifestation of various disorders of cardiac function, a non-specific symptom that can develop with pathologies of both the heart and other systems or organs. Therefore, to identify the exact cause of bradycardia, a thorough examination is required.

Sinus bradycardia of the heart - what is it?

Normally, the heart rate is uniform and has a certain number of beats per minute - from 60 to 100. And sinus bradycardia of the heart is a phenomenon in which the heart rate - the number of heartbeats - is less than 60, it is a kind of arrhythmia. A healthy heart rhythm is one of the factors for the normal functioning of the body, so its violations require careful analysis and correction.

Often, moderate bradycardia does not belong to the symptoms of any pathology and is a physiological feature. Normally, a decrease in the frequency of heart beats occurs in athletes, trained people, as well as in people who have strong muscle walls from birth.

The opposite of bradycardia is tachycardia, in which the pulse, on the contrary, is quickened compared to the norm.

What is dangerous sinus tachycardia, symptoms, and treatment of the disease:

Causes of bradycardia, risk factors

Pathological bradycardia occurs for various reasons, which are divided into intracardiac and extracardiac. The first ones include:

cardiosclerosis - scarring of the tissues of the heart - is post-infarction and atherosclerotic;
myocardial infarction;
myocarditis and endocarditis (inflammatory process in the muscle or outer layer of the heart wall);
age-related changes in the body;
cardiac ischemia.

Causes of bradycardia, ECG photo

Extracardiac factors are pathologies of organs other than the heart:

high intracranial pressure;
brain bruises, concussions;
hypothyroidism (decreased thyroid function);
swelling of the brain;
uremia (high presence of urea in the blood);
hemorrhage in the brain;
peptic ulcer;
obstructive jaundice;
tumor of the diaphragm, esophagus, lungs;
hypertension;
Meniere's syndrome;
poor nutrition, starvation;
renal colic;
infectious diseases - influenza, sepsis, hepatitis and others;
low body temperature (hypothermia);
tracheal or bronchial intubation (insertion of a breathing tube for life support, for example, during anesthesia);
poisoning with organic substances containing phosphorus;
high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia).

What is blood pressure, what parameters are normal and what to do if your indicators are not normal:

Symptoms of bradycardia, classification

Clinical signs are complaints about the general condition, with bradycardia most often there are such phenomena as:

felt pronounced heartbeat;
lowering blood pressure;
weakness and fatigue;
puffiness;
problem with concentration;
feeling short of breath, shortness of breath;
pallor of the skin and mucous membranes;
dizziness;
fainting and convulsions (with a pulse below 30 beats);
discomfort in the region of the heart;
short-term intermittent decrease in visual acuity.

These signs are expressed in individual people to varying degrees, it can be either a complex of several symptoms, or one or two of those listed. The lower the pulse, the worse the symptoms.

Often a person does not pay attention to the appearance of shortness of breath or fatigue, unaware of the presence of bradycardia and the disease that caused it.

With severe bradycardia, the symptoms are quite serious, for example, loss of consciousness, or a Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attack, which requires emergency medical attention, otherwise respiratory arrest and death may occur.

Objective signs of bradycardia are (less than 60 per minute) and electrocardiogram readings. increased P-Q(R) interval (0.15-0.20 s), the P wave does not change compared to the norm.

If the bradycardia is non-sinus, then the cardiogram has a negative T-wave, lengthening compared to the normal Q-T intervals, and extended QRS waves.

There are two types of bradycardia:

sinus bradycardia - occurs due to a decrease in the activity of the sinus node;
non-sinus bradycardia - due to the difficulty in conducting electrical impulses between the heart nodes.

The manifestations of both these forms are the same, and this classification of bradycardia is mainly important for the specialist who selects the treatment. Also, a reduced heart rate can be of three types, depending on the factor that provoked it:

drug, or pharmacological, bradycardia - develops as a result of taking certain medications;
physiological - appears without the presence of pathology, in healthy trained people;
pathological - is a symptom of a disease.

The latter can be chronic or acute, depending on the nature of the disorders in the body. For example, acute bradycardia, which develops abruptly, spontaneously, can cause a heart attack, myocarditis, and poisoning. Chronic is present for many months and years, accompanying the course of the underlying disease.

According to the degree of manifestation, a decrease in heart rate below the norm is mild (50-60 beats), moderate (40-50) and pronounced (less than 40). In the first two cases, circulatory disorders are not observed, since the heart is still able to push blood with the necessary force.

But in the case of severe bradycardia, it occurs, and most often in the region of the intracranial arteries, while the skin and mucous membranes turn pale, convulsions and loss of consciousness are possible.

Diagnosis of bradycardia

Different types of arrhythmias, including bradycardia, are diagnosed using the following methods:

pulse measurement;
ECG (electrocardiography);
auscultation;
phonocardiography.

With an ECG, the conduction of bioelectric impulses in the heart is studied using an artificially created electric field. The procedure is painless and fast, it is the most effective and common method for assessing cardiac activity. Auscultation is listening to heart sounds using a stethophonendoscope.

The method gives approximate data on the work of the body. Phonocardiography allows you to explore the noise and heart sounds, it is more accurate than auscultation method - its results are recorded in the form of a graph.

In the diagnosis of bradycardia, it is important to find out whether the decrease in heart rate is a physiological norm, a feature of the body, or is it a manifestation of the disease. Therefore, in addition to the above methods, a number of additional analyzes are prescribed to accurately reflect the functional and structural changes in the heart, blood vessels and other systems.

The corrective methods are:

general and biochemical analyzes of urine and blood;
blood test for hormones;
bacteriological study of fluids and secretions (urine, blood, feces);
echocardiography.

Indications for ECG, general principles of analysis, interpretation and norms:

Treatment of bradycardia, drugs

Physiological bradycardia, in which there are no clinical symptoms, does not require therapy. Methods for the treatment of bradycardia and drugs are prescribed for heart failure, fainting, low blood pressure and other obvious signs after a thorough diagnosis. Specific drugs and methods are selected depending on the disease.

With cardiac causes of bradycardia, the installation of a pacemaker is most often indicated. With extracardiac, the treatment of the underlying pathology is carried out, for example, elimination of cerebral edema, treatment of peptic ulcer, adjustment of thyroid function.

Along with this, a symptomatic increase in heart rate is necessary with the help of intravenous administration of Atropine, Izadrin, taking Zelenin drops with moderate bradycardia. Eufillin is considered effective - in the treatment of bradycardia, tablets are taken once a day at a dosage of 600 mg, and if these are injections, then 240-480 mg;

All these drugs only temporarily stabilize the heart rate and are used only as an emergency measure. To completely get rid of bradycardia, therapy of the underlying disease is necessary.

An effective addition to the main treatment of bradycardia are folk remedies - walnuts, a mixture of honey, garlic and lemon, a decoction of yarrow - as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

The diet should contain a minimum of fats and high-calorie foods, alcohol intake should be limited, cigarettes should be abandoned and regular moderate physical activity should not be forgotten.

Prognosis for bradycardia

The risk of developing serious complications with a decrease in heart rate is low, but still present. In addition to lowering blood pressure with bradycardia, heart failure can develop, chronic attacks of slowing the pulse, sometimes blood clots form.

With a physiological, mild or moderate form and with the timeliness of eliminating the causes, the prognosis for a cure is satisfactory.

Preventive measures

In the prevention of bradycardia are important:

timely treatment of pathologies of the heart and blood vessels of any nature;
elimination of other diseases that indirectly affect the heart rate;
refusal of self-treatment and selection of drugs only with the help of a specialist;
maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

The good work of the body provides the heart. But sometimes it starts to stray from its rhythm. The pulse becomes smaller, signs of disturbances appear.

Bradycardia develops, the causes are different, often depending on lifestyle. Saving your heart is within the power of any person, you just need to learn how to do it.

Basic information

Bradycardia- this is the heart rate (HR) below normal, from 50 to 40 beats per minute. This is not a separate disease, but a sign of a malfunction in the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Although a decrease in heart rate is observed in perfectly healthy people, for example, athletes.

Also, the heart begins to beat less frequently during sleep, this is the only time when it can rest. Another normal decrease in heart rate occurs with hypothermia. One has only to warm up, the pulse rate returns to normal without any treatment.

With a pulse of 50 to 60 beats per minute in an adult, they speak of mild bradycardia. 40 to 50 strokes - moderate. A pulse less than 40 beats per minute is severe bradycardia. For children, the values will be different. In a newborn child, a rare pulse is less than 120 beats per minute. For younger students, less than 70 beats per minute. For teenagers, less than 60 beats per minute.

With moderate and mild bradycardia, there are no significant disturbances in the work of internal organs and systems. With a pronounced degree, blood supply disturbances, oxygen starvation in the tissues begin. All this is accompanied by pallor of the skin, convulsions, impaired consciousness.

In severe cases, without medical attention, fainting is possible.

The heart rate is coordinated from the brain. A kind of "orders" about the rhythm of the sinus node pass through special nerves. This is a cluster of cells that produce an electrical impulse, they are located in the left atrium. From them, information about the frequency of contractions is further distributed through the intracardiac channels. The sinus node also organizes the ejection of blood.

Impulses that come from the brain along the vagus nerve can knock the heart out of rhythm. The result of irritation of this nerve are causes of a natural or pathological nature. A syndrome may occur when impulses do not come from the brain at all, then the ventricles work independently offline. But the rhythm of contractions is reduced.

Disease classification

The causes of bradycardia are varied. A classification is applied to better highlight all diversity.

There are such types:

sinus bradycardia, its causes are heart damage, lack of certain vitamins, atherosclerosis of blood vessels.
sinoatrial. After suffering diseases, there are noticeable lesions on the heart, for example, scars after heart attacks. As a result, signal transmission to the ventricles of the heart slows down.
neurogenic. The reason is the defeat of the nervous system with mental changes, tumors in the brain.
extracardiac. With neurosis in a patient in which there is a large intracranial pressure.
organic. The cause will be a failure in the sinus node of the heart, from where an electrical impulse is supplied. Bradycardia attacks occur when these signals decrease.
toxic. It appears when the body is weakened after serious illnesses - hepatitis, chemical poisoning, blood poisoning. All this leads to a decrease in the conduction of signals from the sinus node to the heart or to a failure in the production of the signals themselves.
medicinal. Some medications can cause bradycardia. This is how morphine, quinine, glucosides work.
physiological. It is observed in athletes during the period of daytime activity. This happens with swimmers, runners, athletes.
idiopathic. The causes of bradycardia in old age are age-related changes in the vessels, the heart.

Some of the causes of this pathology remain unclear. Diagnostic methods of examination come to the rescue.

Signs of pathology

Mild and moderate bradycardia does not show bright symptoms. They do not need therapy, but monitoring is necessary. Visit a doctor, do an ECG once a year.

The main signs of bradycardia- These are attacks of sudden loss of consciousness, obsessive dizziness. In older people, unstable blood pressure is often noted. This symptom is difficult to treat. Fatigue usually increases, efficiency decreases, drowsiness and weakness appear.

With a heart rate of less than 50 beats per minute, a person is able to lose consciousness.

This occurs with general well-being. There is no aura, as in an epileptic attack. Seizures due to cerebral ischemia are possible. After 1 - 2 minutes, a person's skin begins to turn pink, he comes to his senses on his own.

With bradycardia, this phenomenon can occur spontaneously - once in a lifetime, or maybe several times a day.

In a chronic state of bradycardia, memory begins to be disturbed, difficulty breathing, and pain in the chest occur. There is a slight visual impairment, which then recovers on its own.

Perhaps short-term confusion of thinking, attention. Such conditions are dangerous by stopping the activity of a vital organ - stopping breathing or stopping the work of the heart.

Examination and diagnostics

If the symptoms of bradycardia do not appear, then it is detected during a routine examination during the ECG procedure. But not always a decrease in the number of heartbeats is able to detect a one-time ECG. If the patient continues to complain, there are significant suspicions of the presence of a pathology, then daily monitoring of the electrocardiogram is performed.

Diagnosis of the organic form of pathology is carried out using ultrasound. Ultrasound EchoCG is able to determine lesions in the heart, increase its size, measure the volume of blood ejection.

When bradycardia is not recorded on the ECG, with daily monitoring, and the patient has other symptoms of the pathology, then TPEFI is prescribed. This is a transesophageal study during which they try to provoke bradycardia.

The ability of the body, the heart to adapt to physical activity is checked on a treadmill test (when walking on a treadmill) or bicycle ergometry (when riding an exercise bike).

Coronography is prescribed to determine the coronarogenic nature of the origin of the arrhythmia. The coronary arteries are examined, their patency is assessed, the level of damage by atherosclerosis. To clarify the organic damage to the heart muscle. Finding the place of its localization is assigned magnetic resonance imaging.

With bradycardia, the diagnostic examination takes a long time. But after determining the reasons for the decrease in heart rate, the doctor will prescribe an effective treatment, provide for the development of complications, negative consequences.

Features of treatment

Therapy should be aimed at resuming the normal function of the sinus node. It must reproduce electrical signals, then the frequency of contractions of the heart muscle will increase. It is also necessary to eliminate the underlying disease, which provokes a decrease in heart rate. As a result, the pulse will be restored.

Often, the diagnosis of bradycardia is treated in a hospital with injections.

Tablets are used in therapy at home. Eufillin helps with bradycardia to improve the rhythm of the heart, restore oxygen delivery to the cells of the body. Atropine also increases the heart rate.

Often prescribe drugs containing caffeine, they encourage the heart muscle to contract more frequently.

With pathologies such as bradycardia, symptoms and treatment are determined by the degree of the disease. With a mild to moderate degree, it can be treated with herbal preparations, for example, Zelenin drops. They reduce venous, pulmonary pressure, calm the nerves, relieve irritability, anxiety.

Popular stimulants for the work of the heart are tinctures with ginseng, eleutherococcus. They also have a beneficial effect on the heart muscle.

With a severe degree, when medications do not help, the disease progresses, there is a risk of complications, a surgical method is used. It consists in the establishment of a pacemaker.

The surgery is performed under anesthesia and lasts about an hour. X-ray allows you to control the manipulation. A double electrode is passed through the subclavian vein into the atrium, right ventricle. The pacemaker can be sewn in the collarbone or under the skin on the abdomen.

Preventive measures

In order to minimize the risk of such a disease, you need to take your health seriously. This means that bad habits need to be abandoned, the weight should be kept normal. Obesity primarily harms the heart, only then the spine.

Blood sugar levels should be checked every year, especially after age 40.

All diseases must be treated immediately. They leave imperceptible consequences in the body, which then manifests itself in the form of another pathology. Exercise is essential at any age.

Correctly combine work, outdoor activities. Hiking in the fresh air has a positive effect on the work of the heart muscle, all blood vessels.

A diagnosis for the heart of bradycardia is not a sentence to the body. You need to change your lifestyle a little. It is necessary to avoid nervous shocks, strong unrest, depressive states. In the diet, add walnuts, honey, lemon, garlic. These products have a good effect on the contractility of the heart muscle. It is good to go for a short walk in the fresh air after eating.

A pregnant woman with bradycardia has the opportunity to bear a child. In the mild to moderate stage, rhythm disturbances will not affect the oxygen supply to the fetus. With a pronounced stage, one must be under the constant supervision of a gynecologist, therapist, cardiologist.

For children, prevention will be eating high-quality vegetable oils, especially sesame, dried fruits, baked potatoes, nuts, strong tea, seafood, fresh vegetables, which they like.

Negative consequences and forecasts

Only the physiological form has no complications. The main negative consequence is loss of consciousness, cardiac arrest. Constant disturbances in the blood supply to the brain will lead to disruption of its activity. This will be noticeable by a change in human behavior.

There will be constant headaches, dizziness, deterioration of attention, memory, forgetfulness.

With loss of consciousness, unsuccessful falls with fractures, bruises, and serious hematomas are possible. The exacerbation of chronic diseases will begin.

During the next fainting, a fatal outcome is possible.

With timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable. If medication does not help, then a pacemaker is installed. Modern models do not complicate life, but make it comfortable, allowing you to get out of a critical situation. A persistent disease, the causes of which do not allow the problem to be solved with medicines, leads to disability.

Summarizing

Everyone needs to know more information about the most important organ. Heart bradycardia is a serious violation - what it is, what is dangerous, how to prevent the occurrence, is described above. It occurs more often in women, and does not spare men. The disease begins imperceptibly, it is found in most cases during medical examinations.

So, when passing a medical commission in the military registration and enlistment office, adult boys suddenly find such a deviation in the work of the heart. In childhood, many of them did not have such symptoms. But with such a diagnosis, the guys are considered fit for military service.

Among the population, treatment with the help of folk methods is common. Not all doctors approve and welcome this, as patients abuse traditional medicine recipes, refusing to be treated by classical methods. Without taking into account the correlation of symptoms and treatment, without informing the doctor, all this affects health.

Modern medical science has reached such heights that any heart disease is treated with the cooperation of the doctor and the patient. Subject to the recommendations of the doctor, the implementation of the treatment regimen will benefit. There is no quick recovery, you have to be patient. If all the rules are followed, the result will be positive.

Sinus bradycardia is one of the cardiac arrhythmias, which in many cases goes unnoticed by patients for a long time. This condition negatively affects the functioning of the whole organism and can lead to very adverse consequences.

Cardiac bradycardia - what is it?

It is believed that the normal heart rate is 60 beats per minute, that is, the heart beats at this rate in most adults. Bradycardia is a slowing of the heart rate, which is less than 60 beats, which can accompany various pathologies, and also be a physiological phenomenon under certain circumstances. To explain the term "sinus bradycardia of the heart", what it is and what are the reasons for this deviation, let's first understand how the heart contracts.

The work of the heart is a rhythmic process in which the heart muscle alternately contracts and relaxes, making it possible for blood to flow in and out. The regular contraction of the myocardium is facilitated by the generation of an electrical impulse in the sinus node (pacemaker). This is a nodule located in the thickness of the heart muscle and connected by nerve fibers with the autonomic nervous system. The heartbeat originating in the sinus node is considered correct.

The electrical impulse arising in the pacemaker is transmitted to several more nodes that conduct impulses to all parts of the myocardium and cause the heart to contract. If a failure occurs in the electrical impulse transmission chain from the sinus node to other transmitting nodes, then the heart begins to beat more slowly, but in this case the bradycardia is not sinus, but is associated with a blockade of the excitation. In sinus bradycardia, the heart rate slows down due to a disturbance in the main pacemaker, which becomes inactive and generates impulses with a slowdown.

Moderate bradycardia

If moderate sinus bradycardia is diagnosed, this means that the heart is beating at a rate of 40-50 beats. in a minute. Such work of the heart is still able to maintain a normal level of blood circulation in the body. In this case, a decrease in the frequency of strokes may be an individual physiological feature (in people who have strong muscle walls from birth) or the result of body adaptation during constant sports training.

Severe bradycardia

A very low pulse - less than 40 beats per minute - is noted with a pronounced violation, which leads to numerous disorders of blood flow and oxygen starvation of tissues. The intracranial vessels are especially affected. As a result, there is a deterioration in the functioning of many organs and systems, which is fraught with adverse irreversible consequences for human health and life.

Why is bradycardia dangerous?

The main thing that bradycardia is dangerous for is the likelihood of cardiac arrest, which often threatens patients with a pronounced degree of anomaly. But even a slight decrease in heart rate, observed for a long time and prone to progression, serves as a signal for examination and treatment, because this can not only worsen the quality of life and performance, but also lead to fainting, heart failure, blood clots, and so on.

Bradycardia - causes

Physiological bradycardia, when the pulse is slightly lower, in addition to the individual characteristics of the body and physical fitness, can be observed in relatively healthy people under the influence of such factors:

lowering the ambient temperature;
pressure on the carotid artery (with a tightly tightened tie, scarf);
pressure on the eyeballs (eye-heart reflex);
massage of the chest in the region of the heart;
prolonged smoking.

Such bradycardia, in which the pulse is at least 40 beats per minute, which does not cause a deterioration in general well-being and is not accompanied by other abnormalities, is not considered pathological. In other cases, the cause of low heart rate may be related to other diseases. We list the main ones:

1. Diseases of the cardiovascular system:

acute myocardial infarction, infarction in the stage of scarring;
rheumatism of the heart;
myocarditis;
hypertension;
heart defects;
heart injury;
cardiomyopathy.

2. Neurological pathologies:

violation of blood flow in the brain;
trauma, brain tumors;
neurotic states.

3. Diseases of internal organs:

peptic ulcer;
gastritis;
end-stage renal or hepatic failure;
diseases of the endocrine system;
hypothyroidism.

4. Other diseases and pathological processes in the body:

alcoholism;
infectious pathologies;
feverish conditions;
shock of various origins;
overdose of medications (calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs, cardiac glycosides);
poisoning with phosphorus-containing compounds;
hypothermia;
natural aging of the body.

Bradycardia - symptoms

A low pulse with slight bradycardia and in the case of physiological causes often does not manifest itself as any symptomatology. Pathological sinus bradycardia can be expressed by the following clinical picture:

pressure in bradycardia

Arrhythmia bradycardia is often combined with high blood pressure (more than 140/90 mm Hg), which may indicate a tumor process, coronary disease, cardiosclerosis, pericarditis. The reason is sometimes incorrectly selected antihypertensive therapy. Less often, sinus bradycardia is diagnosed against the background of low blood pressure, which is also a dangerous combination. This may indicate internal bleeding, intoxication, severe infections.

Bradycardia - treatment

If a person is diagnosed with a low pulse, what to do in this case can be determined after a complete diagnosis of the body. Before treating heart bradycardia, they find out what pathology provokes this deviation and whether the decrease in heart rate is a physiological norm (in this case, treatment is not needed). In order to establish causative factors, electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, ultrasound examination of the heart and other organs, a study of the electrolyte composition of the blood, a blood test for hormones, etc. are carried out.

When considering how to treat moderate to mild sinus bradycardia, they first of all pay attention to lifestyle and diet, adjusting them in accordance with healthy norms. So, it is recommended to give up fatty foods, alcohol, smoking, limit the use of sweets and pastries. Be sure to observe an adequate regime of work and rest, physical activity, avoid traumatic situations. In more severe cases, medical or surgical treatment is performed.

Drugs for bradycardia

When bradycardia is provoked by non-cardiac pathologies, the prescription of drugs is carried out in accordance with the underlying disease. For example, with infectious diseases, antibiotics are required, with hormonal disorders - hormonal agents. Elimination of the root cause allows you to effectively eliminate the violation of the rhythm. In addition to treating the causative pathology, the following medications can be used to increase the heart rate, activate the sinus node:

anticholinergics (Atropine);
adrenomimetics (Isoprenaline, Isadrin);
bronchodilator;
nootropics (Mexidol, Piracetam);
caffeine preparations (Axofen, Isodrin), etc.

Sometimes drops are prescribed for plant-based bradycardia - Zelenin drops, tincture of ginseng, eleutherococcus, which contribute to a rapid increase in heart rate. With a sharp decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, accompanied by fainting, convulsions, signs of pulmonary edema, the patient is required to be hospitalized in a hospital - the department of arrhythmology or cardiology.

Bradycardia - treatment with folk remedies

Traditional healers can suggest what to take with a low pulse in order to increase it, however, such treatment must be discussed with the attending physician regarding the possibility of combining it with the main drug therapy. Among the remedies offered for this violation by alternative medicine, one can note infusions of nettle, immortelle, decoctions of yarrow, tartar, lemon-garlic-honey mixture.

How to prepare a medicinal infusion of yarrow?

Thank you

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Bradycardia is a decrease in heart rate (HR) less than 60 beats per minute, that is, in fact, the heart beats slowly. Normal heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute in a healthy person. The heart rate is recorded by counting the pulse. This means that with bradycardia, a pulse less than 60 beats per minute is recorded. The term "bradycardia" is derived from two Greek words bradys - slow and kardia - heart.

Bradycardia is not an independent disease, but is a symptom of various disorders of the heart. Bradycardia is a nonspecific symptom that develops both in direct pathology of the heart, and in diseases of other organs and systems that can indirectly affect the heart rate. The severity of bradycardia does not correlate with the severity of the disease that provoked it. Therefore, to identify the causes that provoked the appearance of bradycardia, a thorough examination of the person should be carried out.

However, in addition to a symptom of various diseases, bradycardia can be a natural feature of the human body, being a variant of the physiological norm. Usually, bradycardia as a physiological norm is noted in well-trained people, for example, athletes, or in people with a "strong and strong heart" by nature.

Bradycardia - the mechanism of formation

Bradycardia belongs to a class of cardiac arrhythmias because the heart rate is below normal. A correct, normal and healthy heart rhythm should be sinus, uniform and have a certain number of contractions per minute. If the rhythm becomes uneven, that is, between two heartbeats there is not the same period of time, then this is arrhythmia. Arrhythmia also refers to a condition in which the heart beats evenly, but the number of its contractions per minute is less than normal. Thus, speaking of bradycardia, doctors mean one of the options for arrhythmia. And since the correct heart rhythm is the key to the normal functioning of all organs and tissues, any variant of arrhythmia is very carefully analyzed and, if possible, corrected. Bradycardia reflects a violation of such a property of the conduction system of the heart as automatism.

To understand the classification of arrhythmias, including bradycardia, it is necessary to understand how an electrical impulse is formed that causes the heart to contract regularly and evenly.

In the thickness of the muscular wall of the heart is the so-called sinus node, or pacemaker, as it is called in the medical literature. It is in this sinus node that excitation regularly develops, which is transmitted along the nerve fibers to the muscles of various parts of the heart, causing them to contract. The sinus node provides regularity, sufficient force, automaticity and constancy of electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract. The sinus node works completely autonomously, independent of signals from the brain. It constantly, with a clearly defined and measured frequency, generates electrical impulses, transmits them through the conduction system of the heart, causing it to beat. If the contractions of the heart are provoked by the sinus node, then the rhythm is called sinus, or right.

However, one sinus pacemaker cannot transmit an electrical impulse to all the muscles of the heart, causing them to contract evenly and smoothly. To do this, there are several more nodes in the heart that conduct the signal from the sinus pacemaker to the heart muscles. From the sinus node, the impulse is transmitted to the sinoatrial node. Further from the sinoatrial to the atioventricular node, from which, in turn, an electrical impulse is transmitted through structures called the Hiss bundle to all parts of the heart muscle, causing the heart to contract. If there is a violation in the process of transmitting an electrical impulse from one node to another, then the heart begins to contract incorrectly, first of all, slowly - that is, bradycardia develops. In this situation, the rhythm is still correct, but the impulse is transmitted weakly, as a result of which the heart contracts more slowly than it should.

However, if for some reason the sinus node turns out to be suppressed (for example, due to senile changes in the tissues of the heart, the appearance of scar tissue after a heart attack, taking certain medications, etc.), then it will begin to generate impulses slowly, due to what causes bradycardia. Such bradycardia, combined with the correct rhythm, is called sinus. If the sinus node generates electrical impulses with normal frequency and strength, but their conduction in the sinoatrial or atrioventricular nodes is impaired, then bradycardia is not sinus, but associated with blockade of the excitation.

Bradycardia - symptoms, signs

Bradycardia is manifested by clinical symptoms and objective signs. Clinical symptoms include various complaints of health disorders. Objective signs of bradycardia include pulse rate and ECG changes.

Pulse in bradycardia counted in exactly the same way as in the norm, and is less than 60 beats per minute.

ECG signs of bradycardia are characterized by prolongation of the P–Q(R) interval by more than 0.12 s (from 0.15 to 0.20 s), while the P wave remains unchanged. With non-sinus bradycardia, the ECG shows prolonged Q-T intervals, widened QRS waves, and a negative T wave.

Clinical symptoms of bradycardia the following:

Vague sensations of discomfort in the region of the heart;
palpitations;
Feeling short of breath;
Decreased blood pressure;
Pale skin and mucous membranes;
General weakness;
Fast fatiguability;
Brief episodes of visual impairment;
Distractedness, low concentration of attention;
Arrhythmias.

The listed symptoms of bradycardia can have varying degrees of severity. Moreover, with bradycardia, it is possible to develop both all of the listed clinical symptoms, and only some. Symptoms are not specific, and therefore are often perceived by people as signs of aging, fatigue, etc.

Usually, with bradycardia of 40 - 59 beats per minute, a person does not have any clinical symptoms. With bradycardia of 30-40 beats per minute, weakness, fatigue, impaired memory and attention, shortness of breath, dizziness, swelling, blurred vision, pale skin and palpitations appear. If the pulse becomes less than 30 beats per minute, then the person may develop convulsions or fainting. Loss of consciousness against the background of severe bradycardia is called an attack of Margagni-Adams-Stokes. With the development of such a condition, a person must be provided with urgent medical care so that breathing does not stop, followed by death.

Classification, types of bradycardia and their general characteristics

Depending on the mechanism of development, bradycardia is divided into the following varieties:
1. Sinus bradycardia, due to a decrease in the activity of the sinus node of the heart;
2. Non-sinus bradycardia associated with the blockade of the conduction of electrical impulses between the nodes of the heart:

Violation of the conduction of the impulse between the sinus and sinoatrial nodes;
Violation of impulse conduction between the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes.

For a person suffering from bradycardia, there is absolutely no difference whether it is sinus or non-sinus, since their manifestations are the same. This classification is important for doctors, because it allows you to choose the optimal treatment. Otherwise, sinus bradycardia is no different from non-sinus, therefore, in the following text, we will describe both types of heart rate slowdown, without specifying their type depending on the mechanism of development.

Depending on the cause that provoked the decrease in heart rate, bradycardia is divided into three large groups:

Physiological bradycardia, which is often observed in healthy people. Especially often, physiological bradycardia is present in athletes or simply in people who are physically well developed and trained. Approximately 25% of healthy young men have physiological bradycardia.
Pharmacological or drug-induced bradycardia, which develops against the background of the use of certain drugs.
Pathological bradycardia, which develops against the background of pathology and is a symptom of various diseases of the heart and other organs and systems.

Pathological bradycardia can be acute or chronic, depending on the specific causative factor. Acute bradycardia develops abruptly, simultaneously with various conditions that directly or indirectly injure the heart, for example, poisoning, myocarditis or heart attack. Chronic bradycardia exists for many years and is associated with severe, long-term diseases of the heart or other organs and systems.

In addition, pathological bradycardia is traditionally divided into intracardiac and extracardiac. Intracardiac bradycardia occurs with various pathologies of the heart. Extracardiac bradycardia is provoked by diseases and dysfunctions of other organs that can indirectly affect the work of the heart.

Depending on the severity of the decrease in heart rate, bradycardia is divided into the following types:

Severe bradycardia at which the heart rate is less than 40 beats per minute;
Moderate bradycardia, at which the heart rate is from 40 to 50 beats per minute;
mild bradycardia, at which the heart rate is from 50 to 60 beats per minute.

With moderate and mild bradycardia, circulatory disorders do not develop, since the heart contracts and pushes blood out with sufficient force. But with severe bradycardia, numerous circulatory disorders develop, especially in the system of intracranial arteries. Due to circulatory disorders in a person, the skin and mucous membranes turn pale, loss of consciousness and convulsions develop.

General characteristics of physiological bradycardia

Physiological bradycardia occurs in physically strong or well-trained people, since their heart works with maximum load, and to ensure blood supply to all organs and tissues, it is rarely enough for it to contract. Therefore, bradycardia is always noted in athletes and people engaged in heavy physical labor. In addition, a physiological decrease in heart rate can be observed in the following situations:

Massage of the chest in the region of the heart;
Pressure on the eyeballs (Dagnini-Ashner reflex);
Pressure on the carotid artery (for example, with a tightly tied tie, neckerchief, scarf, etc.);
Cold;
Chronic nicotine poisoning (smoking).

Strictly speaking, bradycardia is a decrease in heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. But for many people, the normal pulse is less than 60 per minute, which is their physiological feature. Therefore, in principle, any bradycardia is physiological, against which a person feels normal, he is not bothered by fatigue, weakness, dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat and incomprehensible discomfort in the chest area.

Bradycardia in athletes

Bradycardia in athletes is physiological, that is, it reflects the norm. The fact is that during constant training, the heart gets used to working at maximum power in order to meet the increased needs of the body for oxygen and nutrients, for which it has to pump a large volume of blood for a limited period of time. That is, the heart contracts powerfully and strongly, pushing out a large volume of blood in one beat, which is necessary for the organs and tissues of a training person. When an athlete is not training, his heart, accustomed to contracting strongly, still pumps blood through the vessels with powerful shocks. Due to the good strength of the contractions, the heart may beat less often. After all, one powerful contraction is enough to give the blood a strong impulse, and it will flow through the vessels for a relatively long time. Therefore, due to the strength and power of contractions, it is quite enough for the heart to pump blood less often.

Bradycardia in children - age norms and possible causes

In children, the heart rate is normally higher than in adults. Moreover, different age groups have their own norms. So, for children from birth to one year, a pulse of 100 or more beats per minute is considered normal. Therefore, for an infant under one year old, a pulse of less than 100 beats per minute will be considered bradycardia. In a child from one to six years old, a pulse of 70 to 80 beats per minute is considered normal. This means that in a child aged 1-6 years, bradycardia is a heart rate of less than 70 beats per minute. In children older than 6 years, the pulse rate becomes the same as in adults, that is, from 60 to 70 beats per minute, therefore, bradycardia for this age category is a pulse of less than 60 beats / min.

The classification and varieties of bradycardia in children are exactly the same as in adults. The causative factors of bradycardia are also associated with various diseases of the heart or other organs, active training, hard physical work, medication, or simply physiological characteristics. If the child feels well, does not complain of increased fatigue, shortness of breath, profuse cold sweat, weakness, fainting or chest pain, then bradycardia is a physiological variant of the norm, that is, an individual feature of a growing organism. If the child complains of any of the listed symptoms, then this indicates pathological bradycardia, which is a sign of another serious illness.

Bradycardia in a child can develop against the background of the following diseases and conditions:

Increased intracranial pressure;
Metabolic disease;
Infectious diseases;
Overdose of drugs;
Smoking;
lead poisoning;
Heart disease, including congenital;
The rapid growth of the child;
Underfunctioning thyroid gland (hypothyroidism);
Cerebrovascular disorders.

Bradycardia for children is much more dangerous than for adults, since the adaptive mechanisms of the child's body are not yet developed, and therefore cannot ensure the redistribution of blood to fully meet the needs of all organs and tissues. This means that bradycardia can cause sudden loss of consciousness, exhaustion of the body, and even death of the child. Because of this, bradycardia in children needs mandatory treatment by a cardiologist.

Fetal bradycardia

Currently, the CTG method (cardiotocography) allows you to register the heart rate of the fetus during pregnancy. The lower limit of normal fetal heart rate is 110 beats per minute. If the fetal heart rate is less than 110 beats per minute, then we are talking about bradycardia. Usually, bradycardia indicates intrauterine hypoxia, cerebral circulation disorders, or some other pathology of the fetus. Based on bradycardia alone, it is impossible to establish exactly which developmental disorders the fetus has, since an additional detailed examination is necessary using ultrasound, dopplerometry, possibly genetic analysis, etc. Therefore, fetal bradycardia is a signal for a subsequent examination, the purpose of which is to identify any disorders that he has.

Currently, many pregnant women are concerned about fetal bradycardia in early pregnancy and ask a lot of questions about this. However, you should be aware that the information content of measuring heart rate for assessing the condition of the fetus occurs no earlier than 20-22 weeks of pregnancy. It is from this period that it makes sense to do CTG and calculate the fetal heart rate. Any measurement of the heart rate in the fetus before 20 - 22 weeks of pregnancy is not informative. Until the 20th week of pregnancy, the only information that can be obtained about the fetal heartbeat is whether it is or not. That is, to fix whether the child is alive or dead. If there is a heartbeat, then the child is alive, if it is not heard, then the fetus died in utero. No information about the state of the fetus, its heart rate before the 20th week of pregnancy does not carry. This means that women do not have to worry about fetal bradycardia at 5, 6, 7, 8 ... 19 weeks of pregnancy, since this does not mean anything other than a statement of the fact that the baby is alive, growing and developing.

Bradycardia in adolescents

Bradycardia in adolescents is quite common and in most cases it is transient, that is, temporary. Bradycardia is noted due to the rapid growth and hormonal changes that occur in the body, to which the heart rate has not yet had time to adjust. After some time, when a balance is reached between active growth and the mechanisms of regulation by the central nervous system, bradycardia in a teenager will pass on its own, without creating any negative consequences.

Bradycardia during pregnancy

In women during childbearing, bradycardia develops extremely rarely if it did not exist before pregnancy. Bradycardia can be physiological or pathological. Physiological bradycardia is a variant of the norm and is usually noted if, before pregnancy, a woman led an active lifestyle, trained, physically worked, etc. In this case, bradycardia does not pose any danger to the fetus or to the woman herself.

Pathological bradycardia during pregnancy is usually provoked by the following pathologies:

Thyroid disease;
Diseases of the kidneys and liver;
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
CNS dysregulation.

In the presence of pathological bradycardia, a pregnant woman should receive treatment, the purpose of which is to eliminate the diseases that caused the slowing of the heartbeat. Pathological bradycardia can be dangerous for the mother and fetus.

Medical bradycardia

Medical bradycardia is also called pharmacological and develops against the background of the use of the following drugs:

Cardiac glycosides (Strophanthin, Korglikon, Digitoxin, Digoxin, etc.);
Beta-blockers (Bisoprolol, Timolol, Propranolol, Nadolol, Atenolol, Acebutolol, Betaxolol, Metoprolol, Esmolol, Pindolol, Sotalol, Esatenolol);
Verapamil;
Quinidine;
Antiarrhythmic drugs (Adenosine, Amiodarone, Dronedarone, Phenytoin, Procainamide, Propafenone, Trimecaine, etc.);
Morphine;
Sympatholytics (Reserpine, Bretilat, Raunatin).

After discontinuation of drugs, bradycardia resolves on its own and does not require special treatment.

Bradycardia - causes

Causes of pathological bradycardia can be cardiac or extracardiac. Cardiac causes are the following heart diseases:

myocardial infarction;
Atherosclerotic or post-infarction cardiosclerosis (replacement of normal heart tissue with a scar);
Age-related changes in the heart;
Endocarditis or myocarditis (inflammation of the outer or muscular layer of the heart);

Extracardiac causes of bradycardia are diseases of any other organs except the heart. Currently, the extracardiac causes of bradycardia include the following:

Hypothyroidism (lack of thyroid function);
Increased intracranial pressure;
brain injury;
Hemorrhage in the brain or meninges;
swelling of the brain;
Infectious diseases (hepatitis, influenza, typhoid fever, sepsis);
Uremia (increased urea in the blood);
Hypercalcemia (increased concentration of calcium in the blood);
Obstructive jaundice;
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
Hypothermia (low body temperature);
Tumors of the mediastinum (esophagus, diaphragm, etc.);
Intubation;
Poisoning with organophosphorus compounds.

Since bradycardia is not an independent disease, it is provoked by the above pathologies, and at the same time is their symptom.

Why is bradycardia dangerous?

If a person does not have clinical symptoms of bradycardia, then it does not pose a danger to human life and health. But the presence of bradycardia indicates some pathological process occurring in the body, and therefore is a reason for examination and subsequent treatment, which can stop the further progression of the disease and maintain good health.

If bradycardia is combined with clinical symptoms, then the danger is unexpected syncope, during which there is a very high risk of sudden death due to cardiac arrest. In such a situation, doctors usually recommend the insertion of a pacemaker.

Bradycardia - treatment

If there are no clinical symptoms with bradycardia, then treatment is not necessary. Therapy for bradycardia is indicated only if it is accompanied by syncope, hypotension (low blood pressure), heart failure, or ventricular arrhythmias. In this case, the treatment depends on the causes that provoked bradycardia.

If bradycardia is associated with intracardiac causes, then the optimal method of its treatment is the installation of a pacemaker. If the decrease in heart rate is provoked by extracardiac factors, then it is necessary to treat the underlying disease, for example, correct the level of thyroid hormones, eliminate cerebral edema, etc. In addition to treating the underlying disease that provoked bradycardia, a symptomatic increase in heart rate is performed using the following medicines:

Atropine - administered intravenously or subcutaneously at 0.6 - 2 mg 2 - 3 times a day;
Isadrin - is administered intravenously at 2-20 mcg per minute in a 5% glucose solution until a normal heart rate is reached;
Eufillin - administered intravenously at 240 - 480 mg or taken orally at 600 mg 1 time per day.

However, these medications only temporarily increase the heart rate and should only be used as an emergency measure. To achieve a stable cure for bradycardia, treatment of the underlying disease that provoked a decrease in heart rate should be started.

Zelenin drops with bradycardia can be taken 35 - 40 drops 3 times a day. This tool is effective for moderate bradycardia.

Alternative treatment of bradycardia

Various folk methods are a good help in the complex treatment of bradycardia, as they allow you to achieve a lasting effect. However, folk methods are recommended not to be used instead of drug therapy, but in combination with the latter, and then the total therapeutic effect will be maximum.
Currently, the following folk methods have proven effectiveness in the treatment of bradycardia:

Walnuts, which should be eaten every day. Nuts should be present in the human diet every day. It is best to eat nuts for breakfast.
A mixture of honey, lemon and garlic. To prepare it, you should wash the lemons and scald with boiling water, then squeeze the juice out of them. Then peel 10 medium cloves of garlic and grind them to a pulp. Mix the prepared garlic gruel with lemon juice until a homogeneous, homogeneous mass is obtained. Then add one liter of honey to the garlic-lemon mass, and mix the whole mixture well. Place the finished mass in a sealed container in the refrigerator and insist for 10 days. Then eat 4 teaspoons every day before meals.
Decoction of yarrow. To prepare it, pour 50 g of dry grass into 500 ml of warm water, then bring it to a boil. Boil for 10 minutes, then insist for an hour. Strain the finished broth and take one tablespoon three times a day.

Usually, the treatment of bradycardia is long, and folk methods can be used for as long as you like.

In addition, in order to normalize the heart rate, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules of life to strengthen the heart:

Follow a fat-restricted diet;
Consume low-calorie foods;
Engage in regular physical exercise;
Quit smoking;
Limit the intake of alcoholic beverages.

Do they take in the army with bradycardia?

In the Schedule of Diseases, on the basis of which a conscript is declared unfit for military service, there is no diagnosis of bradycardia. This means that in the presence of bradycardia, the recruit undergoes an examination of the heart and vascular system, and the question of fitness or unfitness for service is decided on the basis of the identified disease of the cardiovascular system.

According to articles 42 - 48 of the Schedule of Diseases, young men suffering from sick sinus syndrome (SSS) or AV blockade are recognized as unfit for military service. If these pathologies are not present, then bradycardia is not a basis for exemption from conscription into the army. Therefore, in most cases with bradycardia, they are taken into the army.

Before use, you should consult with a specialist.