How to open your own production: business ideas from scratch. Food production workshop how to open a business

Encyclopedic reference: production - the production of food, medicine, consumer goods and other products not for personal needs, but for sale (exchange).

Do industrial activities appeal to you more than commercial ones? This article will help you learn more about how to open your own production and what to pay attention to at the initial stage.

Step by step to uninterrupted production of in-demand products

Step one: choose a specialization

It is advisable to start production with a narrow specialization. Firstly, this will help reduce start-up investments, and secondly, it will allow you to focus on improving the technological process, producing high-quality products and thus gaining a reputation in the market. There are many options for specialization: from the production of dumplings to the production of plastic windows or paving slabs. Please note that some types of production activities are subject to licensing.

Step two: we form a legal and material base

Depending on the specialization and volume of future production, you can act as an individual entrepreneur or register a legal entity. The last option is the optimal solution for a medium or large manufacturing enterprise. You can accurately answer the question of how much it costs to open a production facility yourself if you calculate the main cost items:

Company registration;

Purchasing or renting premises;

Purchase or rental of equipment;

Hiring staff and paying wages at the first stage, when there is no stable profit;

For example, you decide to produce plastic windows. You will need:

Production room

Spacious workshop with an area of ​​250–400 sq. meters. It is necessary to take care of good lighting and ventilation. The optimal temperature in the workshop is +18 °C, regardless of the time of year (violation of the temperature regime will lead to difficulties when welding plastic). The gate to the workshop should be wide enough to ensure convenient loading of finished products and unloading of raw materials.

Warehouse space

To store components, fittings and finished products, a dry, ventilated and well-insulated closed warehouse space is required.

The production line consists of cutting, impost, milling machines, equipment for profile welding and corner cleaning. In addition, you will need racks for storing tools and materials. Also needed in the workshop are assembly tables, an air dryer, a compressor and various pneumatic tools.

Step three: we are recruiting staff

A small production needs a boss (foreman) and a team of workers. When hiring workers, give preference to specialists who have experience working on the type of equipment that you have installed. In addition, you will need a storekeeper (this position can be combined), a driver if you plan to deliver your products, and other specialists (for example, installers and measurers).

Where can I get money?

Opening your own production requires significant capital investment and may require a loan. Most types of production activities are regarded by banks as a profitable business, and therefore you can get a targeted loan for business development. Also keep an eye on banking and government programs: you can often get funds on favorable terms. For example, as part of a program for the development of private entrepreneurship or agricultural development.

Underwater rocks

Due to significant start-up costs, the payback period for a manufacturing enterprise can take years. At the initial stage, it is especially important to monitor the distribution of profits and correctly set up accounting and tax reporting.

Let's sum it up

The answer to the question of whether production is profitable depends on how seriously you take its launch and development.

In this article:

Concrete is one of the most popular building materials used in repair and construction work. This material is used by everyone - from small private farms to large industrial enterprises. The demand for concrete is constant, and reaches its peak value during the period favorable for construction - from May to October. Therefore, opening a mini-factory for the production of this material is a profitable business that will bring regular income.

On registration of a concrete production enterprise

1. To open a factory, you must register a legal entity (LLC). This legal form should be chosen because it is safer and provides more opportunities for running this business.

In case of failure, the founders of the LLC risk only the authorized capital.

Before starting production activities, you must also choose one of the taxation systems: OSNO (general taxation system) or simplified taxation system (USN).

If the income from the commissioning of a concrete production plant will not exceed 60 million rubles, then it is preferable to choose the simplified tax system, since this system exempts from paying income tax, VAT, and property tax.

Otherwise, you should select BASIC. With this taxation system, it is necessary to keep a full account. accounting and paying all general taxes.

2. In the process of preparing organizational and legal documents, you will need to indicate the following OKVED code: 26.63 – “Production of ready-mixed concrete”.

3. To organize the technological process, you need to familiarize yourself with the standards:

• GOST 26633-91 – “Heavy and fine-grained concrete. THAT";
• GOST 27006-86 – “Concrete. Rules for selecting the composition";
• GOST 10060.0-95 – “Methods for determining frost resistance”;
• GOST 10181-2000 – “Concrete mixtures – test methods”;
• GOST 18105 – 86 – “Concrete – rules for strength control”.

Concrete production technology

Used in construction in accordance with the regulatory document - GOST 25192 concrete is classified according to grades, classes and its characteristics. In this business plan, we will consider only the important and useful information necessary for the production of concrete mix.

Raw materials

To prepare a classic solution, the following raw materials are needed:

1. Cement is a binder that is the basis of a concrete mixture. It is a gray powder that crystallizes and hardens when moistened.
2. Construction sand. According to GOST 8736-93, sand is a bulk material, the grain size of which should not exceed 0.5 mm.
3. Crushed stone is a mineral with grains larger than 5 mm, produced by crushing gravel, rocks or slag.
4. Ballast is a mixture of gravel and sand. A mixture with a ratio of 1:3 (one part river sand to three fine gravel chips) is best suited for concrete production. This composition is sometimes referred to as the "General Mixture".
5. Water. For the production of concrete mixture, only clean water without foreign inclusions is used. There are no clearly established standards for water consumption, since its costs are determined by the moisture content of other raw materials.

Concrete production includes the following stages:

1. Preparation of raw materials

Typically, operations for the preparation of raw materials - removal of contaminants, crushing of aggregates - are carried out at enterprises that supply them for sale. At a concrete production plant, only special activities are carried out (preparing chemical additives, grinding cement, heating aggregates) when the need arises. Since the implementation of these operations entails additional costs for paying for utilities and purchasing special equipment. These operations include: the production of solutions of chemical additives, grinding cement, heating aggregates in the cold season.

Let's take a closer look at each of the events:

• preparation of chemical additives is the process of dissolving additives in clean water and then setting a certain concentration of the solution. To perform this procedure, containers with a pipeline system are used, which are designed to mix solutions of chemical additives using compressed air.
• Cement grinding can be done using wet or dry methods. Thanks to this operation, it is possible to speed up the hardening process of the final material - concrete. However, activation (grinding) of cement is not always carried out, since this requires additional energy costs and the presence of special equipment.
• Heating of aggregates is carried out in special bunkers or covered warehouses.

The heating stage of aggregates can be carried out using one of two methods:

1. Passing hot air, steam or gas through the filler. This method is more economical, but to implement it it is necessary to take measures aimed at reducing steam losses;
2. Contact heating method using combs and steam pipes, which are placed in bunkers.

2. Dosing the mixture

Dosing– measuring the consumption of raw materials for mixing the concrete mixture.

Typically, factories use weighing dispensers, thanks to which it is possible to measure the consumption of cement and water with a minimum error. If concrete production is carried out in the field, then volumetric dispensers are used for measuring. During this operation, the moisture content of the constituent components, especially sand, must be taken into account.

3. Stirring

The cement and aggregates are thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Depending on the characteristics and type of concrete mixture, various mixing methods are used. If the concrete mixture includes coarse-grained mobile mixtures with aggregate made of hard and dense rocks, then it is advisable to use gravity concrete mixing plants.

In such equipment, mixing is carried out as a result of repeated dropping and lifting of materials from a given height during rotation of the mixing drum.

Mixing of lightweight concrete and fine-grained mixtures is carried out in forced-action concrete mixing equipment. In this equipment, a homogeneous mass is obtained by mixing materials using blades and other devices. Sometimes enterprises perform vibration mixing. This method ensures the activation of cement, which has a positive effect on the strength of concrete.

The quality of this process directly depends on the duration. Insufficient duration of this operation can lead to deterioration of the properties of the concrete mixture.

Equipment for concrete mini-plant

Typically, automated lines are used in stationary and mobile concrete mini-plants. Such lines include the following equipment:

1. Cement silo. 40 m 3, 60 tons. Price – 477,900 rubles.
2. Dispenser for aggregates (fabricated concrete - Fig. 5). Price – 260,000 rubles.
3. Mixer for exposed concrete (Fig. 6). Price – 43,300 rubles.
4. Mixer for basic concrete (Fig. 7). Price – 46,540 rubles.
5. Auger (Fig. 8). Price – 135,000 rubles.
6. Dispenser for aggregates (basic concrete) (Fig. 9). Price – 320,000 rubles.
7. Belt conveyor (Fig. 10). Productivity – 50 m 3 per hour. The diameter can be 200, 400, 500 mm. Price – 90,000 rubles.
8. Reducer. Price – 100,000 rubles.
9. Lift. Price – 50,000 rubles.
10. Return exit conveyor. Price – 95,000 rubles.
11. Rail loader. Price – 80,000 rubles.
12. Plate conveyor. Price – 50,000 rubles.
13. Cement and water dispensers. Price – 150,000 rubles.
14. Control panel cabin (Fig. 11). Price – 100,000 rubles.

The total cost of the equipment is 1,997,740 rubles.

Business plan for a concrete production plant

A building material production plant must include the following divisions:

1. Cement warehouse;
2. Aggregate warehouse;
3. Boiler room;
4. Administrative and utility plant;
5. Support service block.

Premises for these units will be built. It is planned that the company will produce the following products:

1. Heavy concrete (M 250) – annual production volume – 360,000 m 3;
2. Heavy concrete (M 350) - annual production volume - 640,000 m 3.

Total – 1,000,000 m3.

Capital expenditures

Costs for construction and installation work (construction and installation work) – 280,786,000 rubles;

Equipment costs – 1,997,740 rubles;

Other costs – 20,315,500 rubles;

Total: 303,099,240 rubles.

Costs of raw materials and materials

The need for raw materials and materials is established based on the consumption rates of these components per unit of production or annual production volume.

To produce an annual volume of concrete M 250, the following raw material costs are required:

1. To produce the annual volume of concrete M-250:

• cement – ​​13,860,000 tons;
• crushed stone – 28800 m3;
• sand – 16500 m3.

2. To produce the annual volume of concrete M-350:

• cement – ​​26880000 tons;
• crushed stone – 48,000 m3;
• sand – 28,800 m3.

Let's calculate the cost of purchasing raw materials:

1. For the production of concrete M-250:

• for cement: 138,600 tons * 2,800 rubles = 388,080,000 rubles.
• for crushed stone: 28800 m 3 * 900 rubles = 25,920,000 rubles.
• for sand: 16,500 m3 * 500 rubles = 8,250,000 rubles.

2. For the production of concrete M-350:

• for cement: 26,880 tons * 3,000 rubles = 80,640,000 rubles.
• for crushed stone: 48,000 m 3 * 700 rubles = 33,600,000 rubles.
• for sand: 28800 m 3 * 600 rubles = 17,280,000 rubles.

Total: 553,770,000 rubles.

Payroll costs

To start a concrete production plant, the following personnel are required:

• administrative and managerial staff – 5 people;
• for the concrete mixing shop – 9 workers;
• for a cement warehouse - 12 workers;
• for the aggregates warehouse – 9 workers;
• for the support services block – 10 workers;
• drivers – 4 workers;

The total number of workers at the plant is 49.

The annual payroll includes the following expense items:

• salary of administrative and managerial personnel – 4,800,000 rubles;
• salary for concrete mixing shop workers – 4,320,000 rubles;
• salary for workers at a cement warehouse – 4,320,000 rubles;
• salary of workers at the aggregates warehouse – 3,240,000 rubles;
• salary of workers for the support services block – 2,400,000 rubles;
• salary for drivers – 960,000 rubles.

Total: 20,040,000 rubles.

Other costs

Indirect costs (per year) – 250,000 rubles per year.

Costs for maintenance and operation of equipment (per year) – 186,679,000 rubles;

Shop costs (per year) – 800,000,000 rubles.

General plant costs – 825,000,000 rubles.

Total costs (per year) – 2,385,836,500 rubles per year.

Revenue

Revenue for the year (sales of concrete):

• heavy concrete (M-250) – 360,000 m 3 * 3900 rubles = 1,404,000,000 rubles.
• heavy concrete (M-350) – 640,000 m 3 * 4,100 rubles = 2,624,000,000 rubles.

Total: 4,028,000,000 rubles.

Annual revenue excluding VAT – 3,302,960,000 rubles.

Calculation of technical and economic indicators:

Net profit – 917,123,500 rubles.

Production profitability is 38%.

Payback period - 303,099,240/917,123,500 =0.33 years or about 4 months.

conclusions

Having made calculations, we established that the payback period for the plant will be 4 months. This indicator shows that selling concrete is a profitable business and the building material is in demand on the market.

Instructions

The range of mini-production areas is quite wide.

This could be the production of building materials: sand-lime bricks, foam blocks, paving, marble tiles, expanded polystyrene and others.

Food industry: breweries, bakeries, mills, distilleries, cultivation, production of herbal tea, breakfast cereals.

Service area: laundries, dry cleaners.

Other activities: production of plastic packaging, plastic windows, furniture.

Choose what type of small business you would like to start.

If you have a garage, it will be more profitable for you to produce building materials; the equipment necessary for this has minimal dimensions, so it can easily fit in.

You can also grow mushrooms, provided that a certain temperature is constantly maintained.

Mini-production in the food industry implies the presence of specially equipped workshops, in compliance with SES standards.

The production of windows and furniture requires special bulky equipment, so they require a large area.

Develop a business plan, decide on the amount of initial capital. Check out small business plans offered online. Consult with people you know who are experienced in this matter; they may know about some pitfalls that you may not take into account when drawing up a business plan.

Find funds to start production. If the required amount is already available, this is a huge plus, and the issue of financing disappears.

When there is no initial capital at all, borrow money from friends, relatives or a bank loan.

Banks are very reluctant to give loans for opening a new business, so if you take money from a bank, do not voice the fact that it is needed specifically for opening a mini-production. It’s better to take several consumer loans - it will be more realistic. Adequately assess your solvency to further repay these loans.

Register your business as an individual entrepreneur (individual entrepreneur) or LLC (limited liability company). Evaluate how safer and more profitable it is for you to register an organization, which taxation system is more suitable, and how convenient it will be to do accounting.

Purchase the necessary equipment, raw materials and materials for the selected business. Organize production in accordance with fire and technical safety requirements.

Get approval from the SES (sanitary and epidemiological station) and fire services.

Hire appropriately qualified employees (preferably experienced) and get to work.

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Helpful advice

Sources:

• what kind of production can be opened
• Business idea: How to open your own metal production?

Organizing your own production for the production of any product takes place in several stages and implies a complication of the opening and registration process. To create your own production, you need to have production equipment and premises. The process of organizing production can be roughly described in several stages.

Instructions

Finding the right idea. Not every idea turns out to be successful in the process of its implementation. The choice of ideas is huge - from, to the nail business. It is best to choose an industry in which you are well versed - you have encountered it in your line of work, there is a positive one, or this is your cherished dream.

Search for premises. If you are planning production, then the requirements for choosing a premises are strict - the production workshop must pass a sanitary and epidemiological inspection and meet all the requirements of the relevant legislation. The area of ​​the room also has the minimum required dimensions, which are calculated for each type

In order to ensure uninterrupted production of specific products in the near future, it is necessary now to decide on the specialization of your enterprise.

This contributes to a sharp reduction in start-up investments, and also allows us to focus on the development and improvement of the technological process. Prepare for the fact that you will have to deal with licensing of your production activities.

Next, you need to competently assess all the risks and the subsequent payback of your company. Therefore, take into account all possible costs, losses and risks. Do this before starting your own production.

Do not forget reflect the estimated turnover of your products. If you seriously work on a business plan, your company will operate successfully based on the marketing plan you have drawn up.

The next step is registration with the tax service as a legal entity or individual entrepreneur.

If If you are planning to create a full-fledged enterprise, then the first option is much better suited than the second.

Unfortunately, not a single active specialist can answer your question in advance about how much money you need to spend to open a profitable business. You will be able to calculate all future expenses yourself.

As you already understand, in order to become a businessman, you must have start-up capital. Financial investments directly depend on production volumes.

If you do not have the expected amount of money at your disposal that you want to invest, then we recommend going to the bank to use the lending service.

If you do not have a bad credit history, but have all the necessary documents to complete the contract, then you will definitely receive the requested amount of money.

At the preparatory stage it is worth considering where your business will be located. You will need a production facility, a warehouse for storing finished products and a special one.

Once you have resolved a number of the issues described above, move on to searching for qualified employees. In production, people of completely different ages and specialties will be needed.

This way, you can produce different types of products and increase your monthly income. You will need working personnel, but if you also want to deliver manufactured products, then an experienced driver will also come in handy.

Your business must develop, and this means that you cannot do without a marketing strategy. You need to try to make decisions quickly, because consumer demand for your products can soar and then fall.

Strategy is needed for qualitative acceleration of the return on all investments and a gradual increase in productivity.

Be prepared for the fact that significant start-up costs can dramatically increase the payback period of the enterprise. Sometimes you have to wait months or years to see a net profit. The initial stage of production activity involves the competent distribution of income received in order to establish reporting.

Think about it implement into automated control. Ultimately, you can try to reduce monetary losses and minimize the human factor. This advice should be used if there is staff turnover or if there are no worthy candidates for work in your company.

Now you know how to constantly maintain it at the proper level. Manufacture high-quality products, win the trust of many customers and strive to expand the range of your functions.