home Audience 6 Dental X-ray: indications and harmfulness of the procedure. Panoramic X-ray of teeth - where is it done and should you be wary of the procedure? Is panoramic X-ray of teeth harmful?

Dental X-ray: indications and harmfulness of the procedure. Panoramic X-ray of teeth - where is it done and should you be wary of the procedure? Is panoramic X-ray of teeth harmful?

Dental X-ray is a procedure that dentists need to make a diagnosis, understand the amount of work and to avoid unpleasant consequences. This is a simple type of diagnosis that causes virtually no harm to health.

The study is based on the passage of X-rays through body tissue. The image is formed depending on the ability of a certain body structure to absorb radiation. During a dental X-ray, the patient applies a light-sensitive film to the desired area, thereby ensuring that this place is visualized in the image.

The specifics of the procedure depend on the disease. To identify different pathologies, different types of x-ray examination are used.

Indications for use

X-rays are necessary to diagnose many diseases, such as:

periodontitis;
periodontitis;
caries (if there are hidden lesions);
crack or fracture of the tooth root;
abscess;
various neoplasms (cysts, granulomas, etc.);
abnormalities of the temporomandibular joint.

In addition to the above cases, this study must be carried out:

before implantation;
in the treatment of dental canals;
before orthodontic treatment;
for dental prosthetics.

After tooth extraction and other surgical procedures, the doctor needs an image to assess the condition of the root canals.

In addition, X-rays can provide information about the alignment of teeth and monitor the eruption of wisdom teeth.

What does the study show?

The image will reveal the following changes in dental tissue and gums:

atrophy;
inflammation;
the beginning of the carious process;
the appearance of neoplasms.

Another purpose of an x-ray is to allow the doctor to see the quality of root canal filling.

Are dental x-rays harmful or not and how often can they be done?

Due to the short exposure time and protective measures, the harm from this procedure is minimized. The radiation dose received by a person during research is about 2 μSv (microsievert) when using a digital radiovisiograph and about 10 μSv using film. SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03 establishes the permissible level of radiation during medical procedures not exceeding 1000 μSv per year.

That is, up to 500 digital photographs or 100 film photographs can be taken per year. The severity of the treatment determines how many times x-rays need to be taken.

Contraindications and restrictions

Despite the safety of the study, there are categories of people who should treat it with caution. The question of refusing x-rays usually arises when this diagnostic procedure is prescribed to pregnant women and children.

Contraindications include:

bleeding;
reduced immunity;
severe condition of the body.

This is due to the negative effect of X-ray radiation on blood cells (especially lymphocytes).

Can it be done during pregnancy?

During pregnancy, you can take an x-ray; this is not prohibited by the recommendations of SanPiN dated 2.6.1.1192-03. However, even taking into account the low dose of radiation and the short duration of exposure, a pregnant woman should take into account that the effect on the fetus may be unpredictable.

In the early stages (especially in the first trimester), X-ray examinations should not be performed, since at this time the child is most susceptible to the negative effects of rays. In a later period, X-rays are only possible if absolutely necessary.

The BabyLenta channel is about the features of women’s dental care.

Types of research

In dentistry, there are several methods that help the doctor make a diagnosis and, based on it, prescribe treatment:

Intraoral bite radiography

With this type of examination of the oral cavity, the patient must squeeze a film measuring 5x6 or 6x8 cm with his teeth. Bite X-rays are needed to analyze the condition of all parts of the upper and lateral and anterior sections of the lower jaw, as well as the anterior and all maxillary teeth.

Extraoral (extraoral) radiography

If the intraoral image is uninformative or there are difficulties in taking it (for example, due to an increased gag reflex, lockjaw), extraoral radiography is performed. Extraoral radiographs show less structural tissue in the mouth.

Tomography

Tomography involves a layer-by-layer examination of organs. Using this method, you can obtain an image of a certain layer of the area under study, which is formed when the X-ray tube and film move in opposite directions. The use of a tomograph helps in diagnosing pathology of the temporomandibular joint and lower jaw.

Electroradiography

An X-ray image in this method is created by removing an electrostatic charge from the surface of a selenium plate, further spraying colored powder and transferring the image onto paper. The procedure is carried out using an electroradiographic apparatus.

CT scan

This type of research is quite sensitive and informative. Passing through tissue, X-rays are captured by a detector, the signals from which are transmitted to a computer. It reconstructs body structures based on knowledge of their ability to absorb radiation. CT is of great help in diagnosing inflammatory processes, injuries and tumors of the upper jaw.

Radiography using contrast agents

Diseases of the salivary glands (inflammation, salivary stones) are diagnosed by radiography with filling of their ducts with an iodine-containing preparation.

Preparing for an X-ray

To protect against radiation, the patient should remove all metal objects and wear a lead apron.

How long does the procedure take and how does it work by type?

Dental X-rays are performed in a special room, the walls of which are covered with paint containing lead. The procedure takes only a few minutes; the actual effect of the radiation lasts no more than a couple of seconds.

When using a computer radiovisiograph, a sensor connected to the device is placed on the area under study.

The type of study depends on which area needs to be imaged for diagnosis:

bite;
aiming;
panoramic;
digital or 3D x-ray.

Prikusnoy

This type is the most common, allowing you to analyze the condition of several teeth at once. The patient presses the film between his teeth and the doctor takes an x-ray. This way you can identify caries, tartar and the need to correct your bite.

Sighting

A targeted x-ray is needed to diagnose the condition of one tooth.

Conducting a targeted X-ray of the tooth

Using it, you can evaluate the result of treatment that has already been carried out, or study the pathological process in detail:

pulpitis;
periodontitis;
periodontitis;
caries;
consequences of injury.

The film is applied to the area of interest, and the picture is taken using a small device that can be located in the dentist's office.

Panoramic

A panoramic x-ray is an x-ray of all teeth. The patient's movements during the examination will make the picture unclear, so the patient's head is fixed, and a special device rotates around it so that the tube moves on one side and the film on the other.

This procedure is prescribed for patients with orthodontic pathology or injuries of the lower jaw.

Digital or 3D X-ray

3D dental x-rays provide highly detailed images. You can see affected areas, hidden cavities and root canals that cannot be examined with other types of x-rays. The radiation scans the oral cavity in three planes, and the rays pass through microscopic areas of tissue.

X-ray analysis

After a photograph of the teeth has been taken, the dentist must correctly interpret the resulting radiograph. Image analysis is based on knowledge of which tissues transmit X-rays better. Fillings and crowns will appear as white spots on the x-ray, foci of inflammation and cavities will appear dark, and the natural tissues of the teeth and gums will appear gray. For comparison, you need an x-ray of a healthy tooth that has a natural cavity containing a nerve.

Dental X-ray is an important procedure for both the doctor and the patient. Using the image, the dentist evaluates the features of the upcoming work, possible complications and invisible lesions of the oral cavity. As a result, the patient receives competent and high-quality treatment. And this is the main desire of a person suffering from toothache. Let's consider all the features of dental x-rays and dispel some prejudices.

X-ray as a procedure

X-ray examination is necessary in most cases. Based on them, the doctor makes the correct diagnosis. The dentist evaluates the condition of the canals, roots and other tissues. X-ray machines allow you to thoroughly examine every part of the jaw.

If treatment is delayed for a long time, several images may be required. The doctor uses them to evaluate the tactics and progress of treatment, as well as the final result.

Dentists, only by looking at the image, can estimate how long the treatment will last, the complexity of their work and what the exact diagnosis is.

Detailed readings

Most dental problems cannot be detected by visual examination. In addition, some processes are asymptomatic. Only an image from a special X-ray machine can give an accurate picture.

Dental X-rays provide comprehensive information in the treatment of the following diseases:

Root crack or fracture. Basically, such a defect occurs after a person has suffered trauma. The main characteristics of the disease: severe inflammation of the gums, piercing pain when biting and mobility of the tooth itself.
Periodontitis. Here the bone tissue suffers, its atrophy begins, the gums become inflamed and bleed, and tooth mobility also occurs.
Periodontitis. The main characteristic of the disease is inflammation, which manifests itself in the form of a cyst or granuloma of the root apex. The cyst is constantly increasing in size, but does not cause severe discomfort. If treatment is not carried out, a fistulous tract or periostitis (also known as gumboil) will gradually appear on the gum. Such complications directly lead to complete tooth loss.
Caries in hidden areas. Often, the carious process begins where it is impossible to see them (for example, under crowns). In this case, X-ray is an indispensable device.
Anomalies in the location of the dental joint.
Neoplasms or abscesses.

Before implantation.
At the beginning of prosthetics.
During bone grafting.
Before orthodontic treatment.
When performing root canal treatment. The picture is taken before and after treatment in order to control the canal treatment and filling performed.

X-rays are recommended annually even without dental disease. This action is necessary for preventive control. This is especially true in cases of implants, pulpless units, large-volume restorations and created structures.

X-rays show the exact location of the inflammatory process and help determine the general condition of the bone tissue, whether there is caries in the intermediate space between the teeth or under the installed crown. The X-ray machine shows all possible internal inflammations, cracks in the canals and soft tissue disease of the gums.

X-rays make it possible to establish the correct action plan for further treatment, which will give a good result in advance.

Types of X-ray

In clinics, X-ray examinations can be carried out using old and new technology. There are several types of radiography depending on the equipment used:

Biteful. Has the ability to detect tartar and caries.
Sighting. Helps to see the real condition of the gums, roots, and internal cavity of the tooth and evaluate the quality of the filling. The image has the ability to cover from 1 to 3 teeth at the same time.
Panoramic. Gives a fairly accurate picture of the general condition of the jaw. In addition, it covers the maxillary sinuses and helps to consider the complexity of the problem. This survey x-ray is indispensable during consultation and during treatment.
Digital or 3D X-ray. It is characterized by the ability to obtain a clear image of both the tooth individually and the entire dentition.

There is another classification of X-ray images depending on the technical implementation of the process:

Intraoral

With this image, the film is placed inside the oral cavity. Intraoral photographs are also divided into:

Periapical. Here the film is pressed against the patient's teeth from the side. The photograph taken allows you to see 2-3 teeth, bone tissue and some part of the gum at once.
Occlusive. During an x-ray, the film is squeezed between the teeth. The image provides comprehensive information about the condition of the dentition. Having received the information, you can come to the conclusion about correcting the bite.

Cephalometric

This image is usually taken to evaluate the condition of a specific jaw area. The dentist receives information about the relationship between the various jaw bones. Based on its results, the patient usually comes to the conclusion about orthodontic treatment.

Panoramic

X-rays provide immediate information about the condition of the entire jaw. Not all clinics have such a device. It takes pictures gradually from one end of the jaw to the other. To obtain a high-quality image, it is customary to firmly fix the head and neck.

Harm from X-rays

Modern clinics use devices that display information not on a physical image, but on a computer (radiovisiographs). The fraction of radiation in such an image is negligible. Radiation does not negatively affect the human body, but only provides important information for further treatment. A computer image also provides the doctor with the opportunity to examine the area of interest in more detail.

Dental X-ray during pregnancy

At the first stage of pregnancy, a woman undergoes examination by all specialists. Her responsibilities also include mandatory visits to the dentist. If the picture is unclear, the doctor will have to refer it for an x-ray. And here two sides of the situation arise. On the one hand, x-rays are necessary for clarity of the picture and the dose during the study is negligible. On the other hand, the radiation dose still exists and it is unclear how it will affect the baby’s development. In any case, the doctor evaluates each case individually from a professional point of view. If there are conditions, it is better to carry out treatment after delivery. But as a last resort, you can resort to x-rays in the second trimester.

Today, manufacturers of modern X-ray machines claim that the resulting radiation cannot have any effect on the child, thereby asserting the complete safety of the procedure. However, dentists doubt this information. That is, the conclusion suggests itself that it is necessary to resort to X-ray examination only for absolute indications, when there are more serious health risks from the disease than from x-rays.

If you still have to do an x-ray, doctors carry out the following sequence of actions with the patient:

The woman covers her chest and, of course, her stomach with an apron.
Each tooth is carefully examined by a doctor, after which the specialist selects the best exposure for the shooting.
If a woman is given an x-ray due to caries, then a special sensitive film is chosen for this purpose.
The specialist presses the installed film with his finger and after a while the device captures the image.

X-ray and breastfeeding

After giving birth, women often run to the dental clinic. Nine months of carrying a child greatly deplete the body and leave teeth in poor condition due to the constant loss of calcium. You should not be afraid of x-rays during this period. It does not have a negative effect on breast milk. That is, breastfeeding can be continued even during a dental examination using the above-mentioned apparatus. You can feed your baby immediately after the x-ray. There is no need to complicate the situation: express breast milk, take breaks in feeding, or, in general, wean from the breast. You can feed your baby according to the usual pattern.

X-ray of a child's teeth

There is no need to be afraid if an x-ray was prescribed for a small child. Often adult mothers do not know this and begin to experience a state of panic.

Practice shows that children need x-rays much more than adults. The thing is that the first milk teeth of a small patient are often highly susceptible to caries. In this case, the disease develops in those places that are difficult to see with the help of instruments. In addition, x-rays of children's teeth can identify problems with the eruption of distant molars, diseases of dental and bone tissue. Such research is necessary for competent orthodontic treatment. After all, it is known that the bite is best corrected in childhood.

The radiation dose for a maturing body is minimal. You can get into much bigger problems if you don't get an x-ray done in a timely manner. The teeth will begin to ache from a serious inflammatory process that has begun inside the cavity.

The X-ray procedure for the child is carried out in a separate room. Before the x-ray, the child is put on a special lead apron, which completely protects the rest of the body from radiation. Parents themselves can supervise the preparation for the child’s x-ray. This is their legal parental right.

For children, it is best to use a digital x-ray sensor. It is much better and more convenient than conventional X-ray film. And the load from radiation on a small organism in this case decreases.

X-ray time for a child takes a few quick minutes. Therefore, even the most naughty and restless child can get an x-ray. Moreover, experienced doctors always try to carry out the procedure in a playful way and interest the baby in X-rays. This arouses enthusiasm in the child and complete trust in the dentist and the apparatus used. The result of the image will provide complete information to the doctor. This means that the child will receive treatment based on real facts.

Description of the procedure

The procedure must be carried out in a specially designated room. There are requirements for the premises. It is necessary that the walls and floor are covered with lead. This is done in order to protect neighboring premises. Especially if we are talking about a small clinic located in a multi-storey residential building.

Before the procedure begins, any jewelry is removed from the patient. Their presence can significantly distort the picture. After this, a special heavy lead apron is placed on the patient’s chest. Then a sensor is installed on the diseased tooth, which is connected to an X-ray machine. The doctor or even the patient himself presses a special button, which starts the X-ray.

The 3D photography procedure is slightly different in its implementation. Initially, the patient's head is fixed in the desired position, then an x-ray is placed near the patient's head. The device begins to spin in a circle, simultaneously taking a series of pictures. The information is displayed on a computer monitor or recorded on a computer disk.

X-ray frequency

The frequency of the procedure is determined by the regulatory document (SanPin 2.6.1.1192-03). It specifies the maximum permissible dose of radiation that a person can tolerate. The total number of x-ray procedures is taken into account. In this case, both an x-ray during treatment and an x-ray for preventive purposes are considered. It is clear that a single x-ray is completely harmless. If you use the most harmful equipment several times a month, this will also not cause harm.

The number of x-rays depends on the equipment used, the radiation dose of which is different. Digital research is safest. Film research is considered the most dangerous. In one day, you can take up to 8 photographs using the sighting device. This number is 500 per year. Examination with a film apparatus should not exceed 80 times.

Problems with X-rays

Sometimes it is not possible to take a picture because for some reason the body has lost contrast. The reasons for this are as follows:

A granuloma, abscess or cyst has developed on a separate part of the jaw.
A radicular cyst appeared.
Incorrect filling of canals or use of filling material that is exposed in the image
The first stage of the occurrence of cementoma.

Women suffer the most from cementoma. It is a consequence of apical lesions. At the very beginning of the disease, it is still possible to recognize the disease, but after six months the picture will be blurred, it will lose contrast and will not be able to accurately determine the disease.

An abscess degrades the quality of the image several times more. Children most often suffer from abscesses. This is due to the fact that by placing foreign things in the mouth, they often cut the gums, without telling adults about it. Over time, pus begins to collect in this area. If the abscess occurs on baby teeth, then an x-ray examination will not properly show anything. There will be a dark spot there. But you can visually identify an external abscess. That is, an x-ray will not be needed in this case. However, you will first need to remove the pus, allow the gum tissue to recover, and then take pictures to look at the problem.

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1. High-quality treatment, with analysis of internal areas

To compile a complete clinical picture in cases with inflammation of the base of the root of the masticatory element, a radiation examination method is performed. The darkened areas in the resulting images show reaction zones of soft structures. And in the lightened areas there are places in the canal in which there is a nerve or they are filled with filling material without a response apparatus. To get a clear picture, you need to know what information X-ray images of teeth provide and how to take them on a device designed for this.

It is impossible to imagine high-quality treatment of solid elements without transillumination of invisible areas, especially when it comes to the internal space of the canal. Thanks to the way an X-ray of a tooth is taken, or rather the method of obtaining the image, you can see the internal areas and analyze the anatomical structure.

The information content of the picture is important for:

canal treatment;
eliminating problems in the root apex area;
removing any chewing elements.

2. Are dental x-rays harmful?

A device with rays of a certain action spectrum is aimed at the diagnostic area. Knowledge and experience on how to properly take dental x-rays remains important. Why? Because determining the focusing of the induced direction will give an accurate picture. The image quality will also be good if the tube is installed correctly.

Then the study will enable the dentist to determine the cause of the reaction in the oral cavity. In some cases, the image will allow you to exclude inflammatory processes in the area of the retaining structures.

But how often can dental x-rays be taken? After all, any radiation can harm the body.

Modern devices used in dentistry have low doses of radiation provided during a non-invasive type of examination. Therefore, they do not cause pathological consequences and do not carry serious loads on the human system. And besides, the place where the rays pass to study the oral cavity does not have organs through which they will pass.

The modern equipment used makes it possible to briefly influence the diagnostic site using rays. It synthesizes low-energy rays, making it a harmless way to study the condition of internal tissues.

3. How many dental x-rays can you take?

To diagnose internal diseases as a medical examination, there is a recommendation on how often an adult’s teeth can be x-rayed. Once a year without special instructions.

Isolated cases are harmless.

In case of internal inflammation of the gums and soft tissues, destruction of hard tissue in intermediate zones, the procedure is performed more often. How many times can dental x-rays be taken for such indications? Up to 80 images on film equipment are allowed in one year. If we are talking about other, more advanced devices, the number can increase significantly.

Of course, taking photographs frequently is not recommended for anyone. There is a list of indications for this. But this type of research is required in most cases.

Thanks to this, it is possible to see invisible lesions in the oral cavity. As a result, it is possible to carry out the entire therapeutic process at a high quality level.

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What is a visiograph and how does it differ from an x-ray?

This one of the frequently asked questions is akin to the difference between a car and a traffic light... It seems that both concepts have some kind of connection, but it is somehow difficult to compare them. It's the same here. A radiovisiograph is a system that receives x-ray radiation, transforms it into digital form and displays the image on a computer screen. Roentgen (who is Wilhelm Conrad) is a long-dead German physicist who gained worldwide fame for his discovery of short-wavelength rays with enormous penetrating power. The physicist himself called these rays X-rays (in English today they are called exactly that - X-ray), but now we often call them X-rays, and in everyday life simply “X-rays”. The unit of radiation power was also called the x-ray. Now it is clear that a visiograph and an x-ray are completely different things. If we compare the visiograph with anything, it is with x-ray film, which it is universally replacing from all areas of medicine.

Is it true that a visiograph is safer than a regular film photograph?

When asked about such a comparison, they mean the radiation exposure that the patient receives when using different techniques. In this sense, indeed, a visiograph is preferable, since its sensor is much more sensitive than the best film. Therefore, to obtain a high-quality image using a visiograph, much shorter shutter speeds are needed. To take a picture on film, the shutter speed is 0.5-1.2 seconds. To obtain the same image using a visiograph sensor – 0.05-0.3 sec. Those. 10 times shorter. As a result, the radiation exposure received by the patient when using a visiograph is reduced to an insignificant minimum.

How many pictures can you take at one time? And in general, isn’t it harmful when treating a large number of teeth that you have to take a lot of X-rays?

This is the most pressing question asked about x-rays. Either as an echo of Chernobyl, or because of life safety lessons that come to mind, but in our society there is a very strong phobia for everything that is even remotely connected in our heads with radiation. Any extra photo often raises questions about radiation sickness, or “will I glow in the dark?” Therefore, I will try to explain in more detail here. First from the point of view of naked science.

To measure the amount of radiant energy applied to living tissue, various units are used - joule per kilogram, gray, rem, sievert, etc. In medicine, for x-ray procedures, the dose received by the entire body during one procedure is usually assessed - the effective equivalent dose, measured in sieverts. According to http://www.docload.ru/Basesdoc/11/11657/index.htm#i207523, when carrying out preventive medical x-ray procedures and scientific research, this dose should not exceed 1000 μSv (microsievert) per year. Moreover, here we are talking specifically about preventive studies, and not about therapeutic ones, where this bar is much higher. What is 1000 µSv? Is it a lot or a little? Remembering the famous cartoon, the answer is simple - depending on what you measure it in. 1000 μSv is approximately:

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Is it really impossible to do without x-rays?

There are diseases of the teeth and oral cavity that simply cannot be accurately diagnosed without an X-ray examination. No one, even the most experienced dentist, can visually determine the condition of the tooth roots. Also, a doctor cannot diagnose the presence of a cyst only by visual examination. It only suggests, and radiography confirms the preliminary diagnosis. This procedure is also required to determine the quality of canal filling. That is why in many cases it is simply impossible to do without a valuable diagnostic device.

As for the patient’s fear of the X-ray machine, today the frightening-looking bulky equipment has sunk into oblivion. It was replaced by compact and modern computer radiovisiographs. They enable doctors to receive more necessary information, and patients receive ten times less radiation. Experts state that being on the beach in the summer, you can get much more radiation than using a radiovisiograph. But in the warm season everyone sunbathes and basks in the rays of the sun!

There are types of cysts (neoplasms) that are invisible on a regular x-ray. They can only be detected by 3D X-ray. It allows you to see the tumor from a different angle.

About the frequency of x-rays

So, how often can you subject your body to this procedure?

The maximum permissible radiation dose should not exceed 1000 microsieverts (µSv) per year. In this case, we are talking about preventive examinations. When we mean treatment, the permissible dose will be higher. How to understand what these dosages are? What can these 1000 μSv be compared to? This indicator is equal to the radiation of 500 images on a computer radiovisiograph or 100 images on high-quality X-ray equipment. One thousand microsieverts is 80 digital photographs. Which of us exposes our body to so much radiation per year? So, absolutely without harm to your health, you can take pictures with a radiovisiograph at least every day and still not reach the maximum permissible permitted exposure limit.

From all of the above, we can conclude: do not be afraid to take an x-ray if the dentist sends you for an x-ray.

X-ray and special categories of patients

So, the procedure is safe for healthy adults. What about children? Isn't adult radiation dangerous for them?

If a traditional examination does not allow the doctor to create an accurate picture of the disease, then he simply will not be able to prescribe adequate treatment to the young patient. That is why during periodontal therapy or exacerbation of chronic periodontitis, the dentist cannot do without an image. At the same time, children and adolescents receive a safe dose of microsieverts.

Regarding X-rays during pregnancy, ideally women should schedule them and treat carious teeth in advance. But such an approach to health is rare.

There is no need to worry about harm to the health of the unborn child if the dentist sends his pregnant patient for an x-ray. Unless absolutely necessary, the dentist never prescribes X-ray diagnostics for such patients.

Of course, in the first trimester of the term, X-rays really shouldn’t be taken, because this is the period when all the vital systems of the unborn baby are formed. But in the second and third trimesters, such a diagnostic procedure is not dangerous. It will not harm nursing mothers either. X-rays have absolutely no effect on the quality of breast milk or its production by the mammary glands. Regarding the cost, a regular X-ray image will cost less, but a panoramic 3D will cost more, because it is more informative and accurate.

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Indications for the procedure

An external examination performed by a dentist at each patient’s appointment does not always allow one to accurately determine the cause of the pathological condition. To correctly determine the diagnosis and treatment method, an X-ray machine is used.

Indications for the procedure are the following deviations from the norm in the condition of the teeth:

abnormal position of the teeth;
hidden cavity formed as a result of caries;
periodontal diseases;
pathological processes occurring under fillings or crowns;
injury to the internal tissues of the tooth or jaw;
the presence of tumors or abscesses;
installation of implants.

The diagnostic results make the specialist’s work easier, giving him the opportunity to accurately determine which method of therapy should be used, or resort to tooth extraction. X-rays may be taken if there are other diseases to determine their course.

Diagnosis without unnecessary blood

Most procedures that involve penetration into the tooth and gums cannot be carried out without prior x-ray diagnostics.

The picture is taken to determine the condition of the bone tissue, roots, as well as the presence of caries under the crown (filling) or in the spaces between the teeth. The device is able to show the condition of the soft tissues inside the gums, identify possible inflammation and cracks in the canals.

Radiography allows you to accurately determine the place where it is necessary to carry out manipulations to eliminate the pathology. The doctor will not need to carry out unnecessary actions that could cause pain to the patient or lead to complications.

X-ray examination is an opportunity to establish the correct action plan for a specialist to treat the disease.

Dentists should not prescribe diagnostic tests to women in the first trimester of pregnancy. After this period is over, dental x-rays are taken only in urgent cases, when it is impossible to carry out treatment without it.

To reduce radiation exposure, specialists need to use a special film (E-class). It is recommended to use a digital method that will not cause any harm to the woman and her fetus.

It is also possible to take dental x-rays during breastfeeding. Since the radiation dose is small, breast milk does not accumulate any radiation, and accordingly the baby’s body will not be harmed.

In the first trimester, such diagnostics are contraindicated.

Little patients - a special approach

X-rays of baby teeth are taken very rarely, only in case of serious pathological processes occurring inside the gum or tooth. The procedure makes it possible to get rid of violations that will affect the formation of permanent teeth.

Diagnosis is carried out using a minimum dose of radiation. Before the procedure begins, the child is protected using a special apron made with lead particles. You can reduce the negative impact of the device if you conduct a digital study.

How often can x-rays be taken?

The frequency of X-ray diagnostic procedures is determined by the provisions of SANpIn (2.6.1.1192-03). This provision determines the maximum dose of radiation for preventive purposes and treatment. How often the examination can be done depends on the equipment used.

The safest method is considered to be a digital examination of the condition of dental tissues. X-rays using a film machine should be taken as rarely as possible.

Any procedure has a negative effect on the body, so X-rays are recommended only when necessary.

X-rays cause harm to the body, albeit minor. You can reduce the risk if you choose a good clinic that is equipped with modern equipment.

X-rays of baby teeth should not be avoided in children or during pregnancy. If a dentist prescribes such a diagnosis, then it is necessary.

Types of research

In recent years, dental radiography has been used increasingly. This is due to the development of devices that allow you to obtain instant and accurate images. Thus, treatment is faster and patients experience minimal discomfort.

Diagnosis can be carried out using old and new technology. Depending on the equipment used, there are four types of dental radiography:

bitewing: to detect caries and tartar;
targeted: to determine the internal condition of the tooth and gums;
panoramic: to obtain a more accurate picture of the general condition of the jaw structure;
digital: to obtain a clear image of both an individual tooth and the entire dental structure.

The newest type of dental diagnostics is 3D X-ray. This research method allows you to obtain a panoramic or three-dimensional image, which is displayed on the computer screen.

As a result of image processing, the doctor receives the most accurate picture.

In order to avoid having to undergo repeated diagnostics and to ensure that the image is of high quality, the examination must be carried out according to certain rules, which must be followed not only by a medical specialist, but also by the patient himself.

Preparing for an X-ray

Before the procedure begins, the patient must remove all jewelry that is on the face, head or neck.

Metal objects may distort images or appear as a shadow. As a result, the dentist may be confused and the patient may need to be re-evaluated.

Description of the examination

The X-ray procedure is carried out according to a certain scheme, however, in some medical institutions, depending on the device used, the examination process may differ.

So, how do you usually take an x-ray of a tooth:

the patient's body is covered with a special apron;
the patient goes inside a special apparatus;
bites a plastic stick;
lips closed;
presses his chest against the platform.

The person's position should be level. In some cases, the head must be rotated to obtain an image of a certain area. After the body position is taken, a photograph is taken.

How harmful is the procedure?

Any radiation is harmful to the body. But the development of diseases occurs only with a high dose of radiation.

A dental X-ray affects a person in such small doses that it cannot provoke pathological processes.

If the patient has doubts, it is necessary to consult a doctor. However, you should understand how important such a diagnosis is, and what health problems may arise if you refuse it.

What do patients think?

From the practice of patients in dental clinics.

Price issue

The cost of a dental x-ray depends on several factors. The main role is played by the device that is used for diagnostics.

Also, the cost may depend on the type of image, the area of examination, and, of course, on the medical institution itself. On average, the cost of dental radiography ranges from 250 to 1500 rubles.

An ulcer on the inside of the lip, treatment. Red bumps on the root of the tongue, what are they?

Diagnosis and dental treatment when serious diseases are observed are carried out using x-rays. Diagnostics is used to obtain more accurate data about possible pathological processes.

Without an x-ray examination, the dentist had to open the tooth and gum to understand the cause of the abnormal condition.

An X-ray of the teeth allows you to create a complete clinical picture and see the anatomical features of the patient’s jaw structure. This is very important for effective and complete treatment.

X-ray examination of teeth is performed in all medical institutions. No serious dental treatment or extraction procedure can be carried out without such a diagnosis.

The study can be carried out to obtain an image of either an individual tooth or a specific part of the jaw. The image also shows soft gum tissue that may be inflamed.

Indications for the procedure are the following deviations from the norm in the condition of the teeth:

abnormal position of the teeth;
hidden cavity formed as a result of caries;
periodontal diseases;
pathological processes occurring under fillings or crowns;
injury to the internal tissues of the tooth or jaw;
the presence of tumors or abscesses;
installation of implants.

Diagnosis without unnecessary blood

Most procedures that involve penetration into the tooth and gums cannot be carried out without prior x-ray diagnostics.

X-ray examination is an opportunity to establish the correct action plan for a specialist to treat the disease.

X-ray during pregnancy

To reduce radiation exposure, specialists need to use a special film (E-class). It is recommended to use a digital method that will not cause any harm to the woman and her fetus.

It is also possible to take dental x-rays during breastfeeding. Since the radiation dose is small, breast milk does not accumulate any radiation, and accordingly the baby’s body will not be harmed.

Dental X-ray is a procedure that is not dangerous to the human body, since the radiation used has a low dose. Only women during pregnancy and young children should undergo such examination with caution.

In the first trimester, such diagnostics are contraindicated.

Little patients - a special approach

How often can x-rays be taken?

The safest method is considered to be a digital examination of the condition of dental tissues. X-rays using a film machine should be taken as rarely as possible.

Any procedure has a negative effect on the body, so X-rays are recommended only when necessary.

X-rays cause harm to the body, albeit minor. You can reduce the risk if you choose a good clinic that is equipped with modern equipment.

X-rays of baby teeth should not be avoided in children or during pregnancy. If a dentist prescribes such a diagnosis, then it is necessary.

Refusal to undergo an examination may complicate the treatment process or lead to serious complications. Proper implementation of the procedure and the use of the latest technologies will reduce the dose of radiation exposure to the body and obtain accurate data on the condition of the tooth.

Types of research

Diagnosis can be carried out using old and new technology. Depending on the equipment used, there are four types of dental radiography:

bitewing: to detect caries and tartar;
targeted: to determine the internal condition of the tooth and gums;
panoramic: to obtain a more accurate picture of the general condition of the jaw structure;
digital: to obtain a clear image of both an individual tooth and the entire dental structure.

The newest type of dental diagnostics is 3D X-ray. This research method allows you to obtain a panoramic or three-dimensional image that is displayed on a computer screen.

As a result of image processing, the doctor receives the most accurate picture.

Preparing for an X-ray

Before the procedure begins, the patient must remove all jewelry that is on the face, head or neck.

Metal objects may distort images or appear as a shadow. As a result, the dentist may be confused and the patient may need to be re-evaluated.

Description of the examination

The X-ray procedure is carried out according to a certain scheme, however, in some medical institutions, depending on the device used, the examination process may differ.

So, how do you usually take an x-ray of a tooth:

the patient's body is covered with a special apron;
the patient goes inside a special apparatus;
bites a plastic stick;
lips closed;
presses his chest against the platform.

The person's position should be level. In some cases, the head must be rotated to obtain an image of a certain area. After the body position is taken, a photograph is taken.

How harmful is the procedure?

Any radiation is harmful to the body. But the development of diseases occurs only with a high dose of radiation.

A dental X-ray affects a person in such small doses that it cannot provoke pathological processes.

If the patient has doubts, it is necessary to consult a doctor. However, you should understand how important such a diagnosis is, and what health problems may arise if you refuse it.

What do patients think?

From the practice of patients in dental clinics.

I went to the dentist complaining of pain in my gums. To determine the cause, an x-ray was required. As a result, it turned out that a cyst had formed inside the gum. I had to remove the tooth. At the same time, in another clinic, where the dentist only performed an examination, they offered treatment.

Maria

I am five months pregnant. The other day I had a severe toothache. I went to the doctor. They offered an x-ray. At first I was scared, but the doctor explained that it was safe. It turned out that the cause was a carious cavity inside the tooth.

Natalia

The dentist prescribed a dental x-ray for my four-year-old son. Initially I wanted to refuse, but then I consulted with a specialist and decided that the harm from x-rays was much less than from the lack of proper treatment.

Tatiana

Price issue

The cost of a dental x-ray depends on several factors. The main role is played by the device that is used for diagnostics.

Also, the cost may depend on the type of image, the area of examination, and, of course, on the medical institution itself. On average, the cost of dental radiography ranges from 250 to 1500 rubles.

X-ray examination of teeth is an important stage in the diagnosis of dental diseases. Without special tissue examination, it is not always possible to provide high-quality treatment.

X-rays can be used to make the correct diagnosis for orthodontic, surgical and therapeutic procedures.

In some cases, the dentist, in order to carry out endodontic treatment and plan implantation intervention, needs to obtain a panoramic image of the jaws, which will allow him to see the location of pathologies in the canals, roots and fillings. For this purpose, special equipment is used - an orthopantomograph. This innovative direction in dentistry - orthopantomography - allows you to obtain an overview image in 3D.

Why do you need to take a panoramic photo?

The newest device helps to diagnose a wider range of dental diseases, to see all the tissues of the tooth, the root system, sinuses and jaw. This examination is recommended to be carried out at least once a year to detect diseases of the oral cavity and provide timely treatment. It allows you to prevent the development of various kinds of complications and select the best ways to eliminate them, creating a rational plan for getting rid of problems.

A panoramic photograph is necessary to see the hidden part of the jaw, which makes up more than 50 percent. It allows you to analyze the state of the maxillofacial system, find out hidden problems with teeth, give a correct assessment of the condition of bones (for example, to determine the need for a sinus lift before implantation), gums, and detect problems related to the root system. Panoramic photographs of teeth are used by specialists in various fields of activity - dentistry and orthodontics.

An orthopantomogram is done in the following cases:

Assessment of the condition of the jaws and tissues to detect cysts, tumors, granulomas. The picture is taken when diagnosing periodontitis, allows you to prescribe the correct treatment and monitor the result.
It is necessary before dental implantation. A comprehensive image of the oral cavity allows you to assess the condition of the tissues, the location of the nerve endings and the nasal sinuses. This ensures the correct calculation of the distance and protects the specialist from making mistakes during the operation.
It is necessary when installing braces, when the condition of the patient’s oral cavity is initially assessed. Here you can see the location of the roots, elements of the human jaw, impacted fragments.
In pediatric dentistry, photographs are used to check baby teeth; they show the rudiments of permanent elements and the complex arrangement of all components of the dentition. It makes it possible to monitor the correctness of the bite, detect inflammatory processes in the oral cavity and the development of caries in a timely manner.
Before surgery, since the specialist needs to see the problem area. The image can reveal a connection between inflammatory processes in the teeth and sinusitis.

It is worth noting the advantages of orthopantomography compared to x-rays:

Excellent information content;
High speed;
High-quality photographs with details that can be easily enlarged;
The ability to create an image of the entire jaw at once, rather than its individual elements;
Convenience for the patient.

What is it, what can be seen in an orthopantomogram image?

An orthopantopogram is a detailed photograph of the dentition, on which the following elements can be seen in detail:

Jaw with teeth, root systems;
Periodontal tissues;
Temporomandibular joint;
Maxillary sinuses.

The image is so clear and detailed that the dentist can easily see foci of inflammation, changes in jaw tissue, the presence of cysts and neoplasms, dental anomalies, and periodontal pockets. A specialist can find out from the image what condition the periodontal tissues are in, what stage of formation the roots of the teeth are in, and whether there is a need to correct a malocclusion. This allows you to draw up the correct treatment plan for prosthetics, straightening your teeth, and installing implants.

How to take a panoramic photo (orthopantomogram)

To obtain a panoramic 3D image, the latest equipment is used - an orthopantomograph. This device comes in two types - film and digital. The first type is cheaper, but its maintenance costs much more. As a result, the cost of the photo is higher. When using it, you need to constantly buy film, and to create an orthopantomogram you need to equip an entire laboratory.

In some ways, it is much easier and more convenient to use a digital orthopantomograph. When using it, there is no need to use film, except when the patient asks to take a photo. The advantages of using a digital device include:

Faster image acquisition, resulting in reduced radiation exposure time for a person;
High quality of the image, since no development is required, which increases the risk of obtaining a fuzzy image;
Photos can be stored electronically on a computer, which allows them to be used repeatedly;
Possibility to enlarge the desired area of the jaw on site for better study of a particular area;
Convenience of transferring x-rays, if necessary, to another specialist who is located outside the clinic.

Many people are concerned about the question of how an orthopantomogram is done. The process of taking a photo is very simple:

Shooting is done in a standing position. The patient is asked to remove all metal objects, including jewelry, watches, dentures, and glasses. This is required in order to obtain reliable results, since the metal contributes to their distortion;
The person stands in front of the device, the specialist suggests putting a special cape on the chest. The plastic mark heals between the jaws, and the chest must be pressed against the septum. If some elements of the jaw are missing, the doctor inserts cotton swabs in their place. The patient holds on to the handrails; bending, moving and hunching is not recommended;
When the device is turned on, the irradiator begins to move around the patient’s head. The cassette holder makes an incomplete circle, this takes about 20 seconds. During this time, a complete instant X-ray of both jaws is taken. The emitter simultaneously performs rotational movements around its axis, this is necessary so that the rays hit all areas of the film.

The procedure for taking an image, including preparation and shooting, takes only 3-4 minutes. After this, the specialist prints out the resulting x-ray and gives it to the patient or doctor. The photograph can also be transmitted electronically. The dentist can read the shooting results independently.

The device is intended for use by children or people in wheelchairs. The orthopantomograph can be easily adjusted in height.

Price

The price for a panoramic dental photograph depends on the chosen dental clinic and the equipment it uses. On average, the cost of a panoramic photograph of the jaws is 500-1500 rubles.

For this low price, the patient receives a high-quality image that can easily replace several other images. It will show not only individual elements of the dentition, but the entire area of the oral cavity. In this case, the patient receives much less radiation exposure compared to X-ray machines.

X-ray and radioactivity

X-ray is an integral diagnostic procedure both in the process of studying the general condition of the body and in the struggle for a good result in the treatment of certain diseases. A visual inspection will not give a complete picture of what is happening. In addition, many processes do not have pronounced symptoms. And the image itself allows you to assess the amount of work to be done, possible complications and lesions of various forms invisible to the eye. As a result, the patient receives competent and high-quality treatment.

Example of a photo taken by a dentist

Are x-rays harmful to humans?

How dangerous is this type of radiation? As we know, natural radioactivity follows us everywhere. The natural background radiation has a certain dose of radiation created by cosmic rays and the radiation of natural radionuclides; it is found in the earth, water, air, certain elements of the biosphere, in food and the human body.

The radioactive background permeates everything around - somewhere its level exceeds the norm, somewhere it is minimal. The main source of natural or natural background radiation is considered to be radon emitted from the earth's crust. Radioactive inert gas is retained in enclosed spaces, passing through the foundation. Radionuclides can be found in brick and concrete. Radon tends to be formed during the combustion of natural gas; it is present in the water of artesian wells. Since natural radiation has acceptable standards, it does not pose any particular health hazard.

Let's also consider examples of radioactivity created by human activity, for example, flying on an airplane causes - 0.005-0.020 millisieverts per hour (the main reason for this is solar radiation). Scanners (introscopes) at airports - up to 0.001 mSv per passenger check. Based on the results, the average annual dose of ionizing radiation, external and internal sources (such as air, water, food) has the following indicators:

solar radiation and cosmic rays - from 0.300 millisieverts per year (at an altitude of 2000 m - three times more than at sea level)
soil and rocks – 0.250 - 0.600 mSv/g (on granites there is more light - about 1 millisievert per year)
housing, buildings - from 0.300...
food – from 0.020...
water – from 0.010 to 0.100 millisievert (daily consumption of 2 liters of water).
in the air (radon 222 Rn, thoron 220 Rn and short-lived products of their decay) – 0.2 - 2 mSv/year.

The radioactive background permeates everything around

In general, approximately three to four millisieverts per year per adult. This is a safe total indicator that takes into account both external and internal sources of exposure (natural, man-made, medical and others).

Types of X-rays and scope of application in dentistry

Use of X-rays in dentistry

Research methods and radiation dosage

The standard method is approximately 0.001 MSV (RU is a unit of measurement of the dose of ionizing radiation)
Radiovisiography - due to the natural background of the environment, a person receives approximately 3.0 MSV; for the purpose of prevention (not treatment), the dose received per year should be no more than 1.0 MSV.
Orthopantomogram - obtained with a panoramic radiograph, is 0.02 MSV. For a film photograph, the exposure time is 0.5-1.2 seconds.
Computed tomography - the duration of irradiation will be limited to 0.05-0.3 seconds, which is 10 times less

How often can an adult have dental x-rays?

The number of x-rays depends on the equipment used during diagnostics, the radiation dose of which is different. The safest method is digital research. Film research is considered more harmful. The radiation dose should not exceed 1000 microsieverts (µSv) per year. This is when we talk about preventive examinations. When discussing treatment, the permissible dose will be higher. How to figure out what these dosages are? What is 1000 µSv compared to?

In short, this figure will be equal to 500 images on a computer radiovisiograph or 100 images on high-quality X-ray equipment. One thousand microsieverts equals 80 digital photographs. It is unlikely that anyone would expose their body to so much radiation in a year. You don’t have to worry about harm from this procedure and take pictures with a radiovisiograph at least every day and at the same time do not exceed the maximum permissible limit of permitted exposure.

Contraindications

Nowadays, people react more calmly to their next visit to the dentist, since the process of examination and treatment does not cause much inconvenience or discomfort. But the prejudices associated with x-rays are quite difficult to avoid. Some have concerns that X-rays are radioactive. Radiologists, in turn, are confident that it is simply unrealistic to get radiation sickness by going for a dental x-ray, but dispelling stereotypes is not so easy.

For example, for pregnant women this issue becomes especially acute; in some cases, an x-ray is needed for a more accurate picture of the patient’s condition and the dose is negligible. In other cases, the radiation dose is present in one way or another, and it is unknown how it will affect the development of the fetus.

Important! In any case, a good doctor will evaluate each case individually. If possible, it is better to carry out treatment after delivery. As a last resort, you should resort to x-rays in the second trimester. Here, methods of protection from radiation will already be provided; a special apron will be fixed on the woman’s body, protecting the organs and fetus from negative effects. Pregnant women and girls who are breastfeeding need to understand that unnecessary stress about visiting a doctor and undergoing an x-ray procedure is more harmful than the radiation itself.

Severe bleeding in the oral cavity, severe or unconscious condition of the patient, will be another reason for contraindications.

In the dental x-ray room

How to take a tooth picture

This procedure usually takes place in a designated room. There are basic requirements here. It is imperative that the walls and floor are covered with lead. This is important to protect neighboring premises. In particular, if it is a small clinic located in a multi-storey residential building.

Before starting the diagnosis, the patient removes any jewelry. Since their presence can radically distort the picture. A special heavy lead apron is put on the chest. Then a sensor is placed on the desired tooth, connected to an X-ray machine. A special button is pressed, which starts the X-ray.

3D photo

The 3D photography procedure is slightly different. The patient's head is fixed in the desired position, the X-ray itself is placed near the patient's head. The device makes circular movements, taking a series of pictures at this moment. The information is sent to the computer or written directly to disk.

Conclusion

Dental X-ray is necessary. It does not matter what type of x-ray will be used in a particular case, the radiation dose is minimized. The image informs the doctor about where the inflammatory process is taking place, whether there are defects, pathologies, and how to properly eliminate it. In any case, you need to go for it. If you receive a referral for an x-ray, you should not refuse it. The benefits are great, but the harm is minimal.

From this article you will learn:

dental x-ray: price for 2018,
what you need to know about radiation doses,
Is it possible to take dental x-rays during pregnancy?

X-rays in dentistry serve 2 main purposes. Firstly, they allow the doctor to make the correct diagnosis, for example, to detect inflammation at the apex of the tooth root. And secondly, they are necessary for quality control of root canal fillings in the treatment of pulpitis and periodontitis, as well as in preparing teeth for prosthetics.

Most often, dental clinics use small X-ray machines that allow you to take a targeted image of the tooth. Such images are small in size and allow you to clearly see no more than 2-3 teeth (Fig. 2). Their advantage is their low price, low radiation dose, and the fact that such images are taken in any dental clinic.

However, targeted images are not suitable for planning bite correction, assessing the condition of bone tissue before implantation, or planning the installation of future implants. They are not very convenient for planning treatment and prosthetics for a large number of teeth, and often do not allow detection of perforations and cracks in the tooth root... This is why dentists often have to prescribe patients for other types of dental x-ray examinations -

In this article, we will go into detail about the pros and cons of targeted dental x-rays, and what you need to pay attention to if you need to have a dental x-ray (for your own safety). For detailed reviews on the remaining specified methods of radiography in dentistry, read the links above.

Sight image of a tooth –

A targeted photograph of a tooth can be recorded either on photographic film or using a special intraoral sensor that detects X-ray radiation and transmits the image to a computer screen (such a device is called a radiovisiograph or simply a visiograph - Fig. 5). In both cases, an X-ray machine is used as a radiation source (Fig. 4), i.e. the only difference is in the method of capturing the image - on X-ray film or using a digital sensor.

Digital vs Film Photography: Pros and Cons

Targeted dental x-rays using film were once the only examination option in clinics. It must be said that film photographs have a number of disadvantages that have significantly reduced their use. They require expensive consumables (film, reagents), time to develop photographs, there are difficulties with storing photographs, and over time they fade and are lost. There are also differences in patient safety.

Even modern X-ray films require 4-8 times the radiation dose compared to digital X-ray sensors. For example, the radiation dose to a patient for 1 film image is 10-15 μSv (microsieverts), and for a picture on a visiograph it is on average 1-3 μSv (this dose corresponds to the background natural radiation received by each person in 1 day).

The patient's exposure time when using film X-ray is 0.5-1.2 seconds, and using a digital visiograph sensor - 0.05-0.3 seconds. It is precisely by reducing the required exposure time when using a radiovisiograph that the radiation dose is significantly reduced. Thus, in one day of treatment at the dentist you can take no more than 3 film photographs and 5-6 digital photographs.

Photo of a tooth using a visiograph: video

Important: Try to always take digital photos and let them know in advance that you want them saved to a flash drive. Firstly, then you will always have the pictures at hand, and you can always show them to another doctor. Secondly, the photographs taken for control after treatment will be your guarantee that if you received poor-quality treatment, you will always be able to prove it (the clinic will no longer be able to lose your photographs and rewrite the medical record).

Thirdly, if a digital image is printed on a printer, then the quality of the image will depend not only on the quality of the digital image, but on the resolution of the printer (rare clinics have printers that print in high resolution). Therefore, a photo in digital format will have better quality than a photo printed on paper.

Dental X-ray: price for 2018

The cost of one digital x-ray will range from 200 to 250 rubles in different clinics. In addition, the price of 200-250 rubles can only apply to a diagnostic initial image, and all other images taken during the treatment phase can cost less (about 100 rubles per 1 image). Therefore, you should carefully read the clinic’s price list.

It should be noted that there are a large number of clinics in which the cost of dental treatment is indicated on an “all inclusive” basis. Accordingly, the cost of treating your tooth will already include the required number of x-rays (usually 2-4 pictures), for which you will no longer pay anything extra.

What else you need to pay attention to -
in the price list of some clinics it may be written that the cost of 200-250 rubles applies only if you are being treated in this clinic (if the picture is taken for a third-party clinic, then the price may be 100 rubles higher). In addition, if you need a printout of a digital image, some clinics may also charge you about 50 rubles for this.

The same applies to the description of the x-ray image: if you want to receive a written description of the image taken by a radiologist, then in some clinics they may additionally ask you for about 100-150 rubles.

Radiation doses and safety –

A patient's radiation exposure is measured in either microsieverts (µSv) or millisieverts (mSv). The recommended radiation dose for the population received as a result of X-ray studies (according to the recommendations of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03) should not be more than 1000 μSv per year (= 1 mSv per year).

Below we will give examples of different types of images in dentistry and the corresponding radiation exposure to the patient (data from the Ministry of Health of Russia dated July 22, 2011 and December 21, 2012)…

Sighting images on a digital radiovisiograph –
→ lower jaw in adults – 2 µSv,
→ lower jaw in children under 15 years of age – 1 µSv,
→ upper jaw in adults – 5 µSv,
→ upper jaw in children under 15 years of age – 3 µSv.
Sight shots using film – 10-15 µSv.
Digital panoramic image – 55 µSv, but if the patient is less than 15 years old – 24 µSv.
Digital teleroentgenogram – 7 µSv.

Conclusions: Thus, targeted images on a radiovisiograph provide the lowest radiation dose compared to other types of x-ray examination in dentistry. During one visit to the dentist, you can take 5-6 pictures on a digital radiovisiograph without risk to health, but no more than 100 such pictures during the year.

A digital orthopantomogram (panoramic x-ray of the jaw) can be done 1-2 times a month, but no more than 10 times during the year. Panoramic films on film provide a greater radiation dose to the patient, and they can be taken less frequently than digital ones. Below we will tell you: is it possible to take a dental photograph during pregnancy...

Is it possible to take a dental x-ray during pregnancy?

Recommendations of SanPiN dated 2.6.1.1192-03 do not prohibit taking dental x-rays during pregnancy, but it is strongly recommended to use x-rays only in truly necessary cases, for example, in case of acute pain and the provision of appropriate emergency care.

It should be noted that over the past 20 years, the radiation doses received by patients with 1 x-ray of the teeth have become tens of times less, thanks to the advent of radiovisiographs and ultra-sensitive photographic films, which require significantly less x-ray radiation. Therefore, the risks of fetal pathologies have decreased significantly in recent years.

Of course, if possible, X-ray examination of teeth should be avoided, but there is nothing terrible about this today, because The radiation dose of 1 image on a radiovisiograph is approximately equal to the radiation dose of any person to natural background radiation in 1 day. In addition, the irradiation time on the visiograph will be only 0.05-0.3 seconds, which, if protective measures are observed (lead apron), can significantly increase the safety of the procedure.

It is better not to do a dental x-ray during pregnancy in the early stages, because at this most important time for the laying of organs and tissues of the fetus. And if x-rays are taken, then it is in the second half of pregnancy, because the risks to the fetus during this period are significantly reduced. Please note that you can only take pictures using a modern digital radiovisiograph of the latest generation, because Their radiation dosages are significantly lower than those of outdated digital radiovisiographs and, even more so, film devices.

Analysis of targeted dental images –

Analyzing X-rays is not difficult if they are of good quality. Almost any patient will be able to see signs of periodontitis or cysts in the image, and will also be able to determine how well his root canals are filled. All you need is skill. But it is worth remembering that absolutely everything cannot be diagnosed using X-rays, for example, inflammation of the nerve of a tooth.

You can diagnose from the image -

1) A group of images indicating the development of inflammation (periodontitis) at the apexes of the roots of previously untreated teeth. In this case, you will always see a clear or vague darkening at the apex of the tooth root, which can be of different sizes and shapes.

2) A group of photographs taken after root canal filling. The first 2 pictures (Fig. 14-15) show what well-filled root canals look like. The following images show poor quality treatment and complications that arose (read the descriptions in each image).

Summary: Important Points

As a practicing dentist who knows the system from the inside, I want to draw your attention to the following points that are important for your safety. If the clinic has an X-ray machine, then a license must be obtained for it, the issuance of which presupposes the mandatory presence of a certified radiologist on the staff of the dental clinic. However, in reality, even in large clinics and public clinics, it is not always the case that x-rays will be taken by a trained specialist.

Even if he is, he may go on vacation or get sick, and a regular nurse (dental assistant) will take the pictures instead. This is a gross violation that leads to both the production of low-quality images and an increase in the radiation dose. In small clinics, the risks of receiving a poor-quality x-ray examination are much higher, and the first thing that makes you suspect a forgery is if the picture is taken not by a special employee, but by a nurse from the dentist you came to see.

The second very important point: if you see that the x-ray is not done in a special room, but the x-ray machine is located right next to the dentist’s chair, then you should change the clinic and the doctor. The fact is that all objects in this office (including the dental chair and doctor’s instruments) will have an increased background radiation, and this is no longer safe for health. We hope that our article on the topic: X-ray of the jaw and teeth was useful to you!

Contents [Show]

X-ray and radioactivity

Example of a photo taken by a dentist

Are x-rays harmful to humans?

solar radiation and cosmic rays - from 0.300 millisieverts per year (at an altitude of 2000 m - three times more than at sea level)
soil and rocks – 0.250 - 0.600 mSv/g (on granites there is more light - about 1 millisievert per year)
housing, buildings - from 0.300...
food – from 0.020...
water – from 0.010 to 0.100 millisievert (daily consumption of 2 liters of water).
in the air (radon 222 Rn, thoron 220 Rn and short-lived products of their decay) – 0.2 - 2 mSv/year.

The radioactive background permeates everything around

Types of X-rays and scope of application in dentistry

Use of X-rays in dentistry

Research methods and radiation dosage

The standard method is approximately 0.001 MSV (RU is a unit of measurement of the dose of ionizing radiation)
Radiovisiography - due to the natural background of the environment, a person receives approximately 3.0 MSV; for the purpose of prevention (not treatment), the dose received per year should be no more than 1.0 MSV.
Orthopantomogram - obtained with a panoramic radiograph, is 0.02 MSV. For a film photograph, the exposure time is 0.5-1.2 seconds.
Computed tomography - the duration of irradiation will be limited to 0.05-0.3 seconds, which is 10 times less

How often can an adult have dental x-rays?

Contraindications

Important! In any case, a good doctor will evaluate each case individually. If possible, it is better to carry out treatment after delivery. As a last resort, you should resort to x-rays in the second trimester. Here, methods of protection from radiation will already be provided; a special apron will be fixed on the woman’s body, protecting the organs and fetus from negative effects. Pregnant women and girls who are breastfeeding need to understand that unnecessary stress about visiting a doctor and undergoing an x-ray procedure is more harmful than the radiation itself.

Severe bleeding in the oral cavity, severe or unconscious condition of the patient, will be another reason for contraindications.

In the dental x-ray room

How to take a tooth picture

3D photo

Conclusion

X-ray as a procedure

If treatment is delayed for a long time, several images may be required. The doctor uses them to evaluate the tactics and progress of treatment, as well as the final result.

Dentists, only by looking at the image, can estimate how long the treatment will last, the complexity of their work and what the exact diagnosis is.

Detailed readings

Most dental problems cannot be detected by visual examination. In addition, some processes are asymptomatic. Only an image from a special X-ray machine can give an accurate picture.

Dental X-rays provide comprehensive information in the treatment of the following diseases:

Root crack or fracture. Basically, such a defect occurs after a person has suffered trauma. The main characteristics of the disease: severe inflammation of the gums, piercing pain when biting and mobility of the tooth itself.
Periodontitis. Here the bone tissue suffers, its atrophy begins, the gums become inflamed and bleed, and tooth mobility also occurs.
Periodontitis. The main characteristic of the disease is inflammation, which manifests itself in the form of a cyst or granuloma of the root apex. The cyst is constantly increasing in size, but does not cause severe discomfort. If treatment is not carried out, a fistulous tract or periostitis (also known as gumboil) will gradually appear on the gum. Such complications directly lead to complete tooth loss.
Caries in hidden areas. Often, the carious process begins where it is impossible to see them (for example, under crowns). In this case, X-ray is an indispensable device.
Anomalies in the location of the dental joint.
Neoplasms or abscesses.

Before implantation.
At the beginning of prosthetics.
During bone grafting.
Before orthodontic treatment.
When performing root canal treatment. The picture is taken before and after treatment in order to control the canal treatment and filling performed.

X-rays make it possible to establish the correct action plan for further treatment, which will give a good result in advance.

Types of X-ray

In clinics, X-ray examinations can be carried out using old and new technology. There are several types of radiography depending on the equipment used:

Biteful. Has the ability to detect tartar and caries.
Sighting. Helps to see the real condition of the gums, roots, and internal cavity of the tooth and evaluate the quality of the filling. The image has the ability to cover from 1 to 3 teeth at the same time.
Panoramic. Gives a fairly accurate picture of the general condition of the jaw. In addition, it covers the maxillary sinuses and helps to consider the complexity of the problem. This survey x-ray is indispensable during consultation and during treatment.
Digital or 3D X-ray. It is characterized by the ability to obtain a clear image of both the tooth individually and the entire dentition.

There is another classification of X-ray images depending on the technical implementation of the process:

Intraoral

With this image, the film is placed inside the oral cavity. Intraoral photographs are also divided into:

Periapical. Here the film is pressed against the patient's teeth from the side. The photograph taken allows you to see 2-3 teeth, bone tissue and some part of the gum at once.
Occlusive. During an x-ray, the film is squeezed between the teeth. The image provides comprehensive information about the condition of the dentition. Having received the information, you can come to the conclusion about correcting the bite.

Cephalometric

Panoramic

Harm from X-rays

Dental X-ray during pregnancy

If you still have to do an x-ray, doctors carry out the following sequence of actions with the patient:

The woman covers her chest and, of course, her stomach with an apron.
Each tooth is carefully examined by a doctor, after which the specialist selects the best exposure for the shooting.
If a woman is given an x-ray due to caries, then a special sensitive film is chosen for this purpose.
The specialist presses the installed film with his finger and after a while the device captures the image.

X-ray and breastfeeding

X-ray of a child's teeth

There is no need to be afraid if an x-ray was prescribed for a small child. Often adult mothers do not know this and begin to experience a state of panic.

In dentistry, dental X-rays are often used to determine tooth damage and disease of the maxillofacial apparatus. This is an informative diagnosis that is used in treatment, surgery, and dental orthopedics.

Indications for X-ray

A greater number of dental pathologies cannot be detected during a visual examination. Sometimes some diseases occur without any symptoms. Therefore, an X-ray of the tooth is taken, which allows you to obtain the necessary information in the presence of the following pathologies:

crack or fracture of the root. Usually occurs as a result of injury. The pathology is characterized by inflamed gums, acute pain when biting;
periodontitis, from which bone tissue atrophies, an inflammatory focus, and bleeding gums are observed. Increased tooth mobility may occur;
periodontitis. The disease is characterized by an inflammatory process, the appearance of a dental cyst, which gradually increases. However, it does not lead to discomfort. If left untreated, gumboil and fistula develop, causing tooth loss;
abscess;
caries, which begins in a poorly visible place;
abnormal position of the teeth joint;
neoplasms.

Dental x-rays are also required:

before prosthetics;
implantation;
bone grafting;
orthodontic therapy;
dental canal treatment. Moreover, in this case, radiography is also shown after the treatment. This is necessary to monitor the correct processing.

X-ray examination is indicated in the absence of dental diseases, as a preventative measure for implants and large-volume structures. This diagnosis is able to determine the exact location of the pathological process and allows you to establish the most correct treatment plan.

Classifications

Dental x-rays have several classifications. First of all, there are types of research depending on the apparatus used. The bitewing allows the examination of caries and tartar. Sighting allows you to examine the condition of the gums, roots, and cavity of the tooth. The resulting image can be used to assess the quality of therapy. This type covers the area of 1–3 teeth.

Circular x-ray can provide the greatest accuracy. It can be used to assess the condition of the maxillary sinuses. Digital allows you to get the most accurate image of both one and all teeth. There is another classification, which depends on the research technique:

Intraoral radiography, in which a film is placed in the patient's mouth. It can be occlusive. In this study, the film is clamped by the dentition. Diagnostics allows you to evaluate the entire dentition. Periapical is installed on the side of the diseased tooth. The study monitors the area of three teeth, adjacent gums and bone tissue.
Cephalometric controls a specific area of the jaw. Commonly used in orthodontics.
Panoramic shows a picture of the entire jaw apparatus.

Digital x-rays provide more accurate information about the condition of your teeth.

Pregnancy period

Many women are interested in the question of whether it is possible to perform dental x-rays in pregnant women. All expectant mothers undergo a dental consultation at the initial stage. And here an unclear situation arises. On the one hand, the examination will help determine what the picture looks like, on the other hand, it is not known how the x-ray will affect the undeveloped fetus. A doctor evaluates each individual case.

Of course, it would be better to carry out the diagnosis after childbirth, or in the second trimester. In addition, it happens that a woman undergoes an x-ray without knowing that she is pregnant. Today, device manufacturers say that diagnostics do not harm the baby. However, it is better to resort to research only if there are serious indications.

If, nevertheless, during pregnancy it is necessary to take an x-ray, then the following sequence of actions is carried out:

pregnant women cover their belly and chest with a special apron;
Before diagnosis, the tooth is examined, then the most suitable method is selected;
a more sensitive film is selected for research;
The film is pressed by the doctor, and after a certain period of time the image is captured.

Many nursing mothers are interested in the question of whether X-rays are harmful to a nursing baby. If radiography is necessary during breastfeeding, then there is no need to be afraid of the procedure. It does not cause any effect on the baby. You should not change the schedule, express milk, the baby can be fed according to his usual pattern.

Most parents are afraid when procedures are prescribed for children. Moreover, x-ray examination is no less necessary for them than for adults. Since caries of a baby tooth usually forms in a problematic place, where instrumental examination is difficult. In addition, with the help of radiography, it is possible to promptly detect the problem of distant molars and bone tissue pathology.

Often, diagnostics are prescribed by an orthodontist to correct the bite. The child receives a minimal dose of radiation. He wears a special apron to protect his body. If the correct result is obtained, therapy based on real facts will be carried out.

Diagnostic frequency

Many people are interested in the completely natural question of how often dental x-rays can be taken. This information is recorded in a special document. It specifies the maximum number of procedures allowed to diagnose a patient. In this case, the total number of x-rays, both preventive and therapeutic, is taken into account. Naturally, a single diagnosis does not harm the body.

Even using old equipment 2-3 times a month will not have a negative effect on the body. The maximum permissible number of procedures depends on the device on which the examination is performed. The most dangerous class is for film equipment. Digital diagnostics is considered the safest. How many times diagnostics are allowed depends on the modernity of the equipment.

If x-rays are performed using up-to-date equipment, they are not dangerous to the body. You can carry out 8 procedures per day without harm. The permissible quantity per year is 500 photographs. On a film machine, the annual number should not exceed 80 procedures.

Harm from X-rays

protein changes;
ionization of molecules;
accelerating the aging process of tissue;
disturbances in the maturation of new cells;
changes in blood composition.

As a result, quite serious diseases can develop. To avoid such developments, you should wear a special apron, monitor the number of studies, and the time of diagnosis. The smaller it is, the less harm is caused to the body.

Inability to carry out the procedure

There are times when it is impossible to take an x-ray of a tooth. This occurs due to loss of contact. The main causes of this condition are:

formation of a cyst in a separate area;
incorrect canal filling;
the use of materials that expose the X-ray image;
initial stage of cementoma.

The development of an abscess leads to deterioration of the image. Children most often suffer from this. If purulent inflammation affects baby teeth, the result will appear as an exceptionally dark spot. There are diagnostic difficulties if you have to examine a wisdom tooth. Dental radiography is a necessary procedure in which radiation exposure is kept to a minimum. Using this method, the doctor will have the most accurate information about the inflammatory process, its location, and the presence of defects.

How often can dental x-rays be taken and what does it show?

Diagnosis and dental treatment when serious diseases are observed are carried out using x-rays. Diagnostics is used to obtain more accurate data about possible pathological processes.

Without an x-ray examination, the dentist had to open the tooth and gum to understand the cause of the abnormal condition.

An X-ray of the teeth allows you to create a complete clinical picture and see the anatomical features of the patient’s jaw structure. This is very important for effective and complete treatment.

X-ray examination of teeth is performed in all medical institutions. No serious dental treatment or extraction procedure can be carried out without such a diagnosis.

The study can be carried out to obtain an image of either an individual tooth or a specific part of the jaw. The image also shows soft gum tissue that may be inflamed.

Indications for the procedure

Indications for the procedure are the following deviations from the norm in the condition of the teeth:

abnormal position of the teeth;
hidden cavity formed as a result of caries;
periodontal diseases;
pathological processes occurring under fillings or crowns;
injury to the internal tissues of the tooth or jaw;
the presence of tumors or abscesses;
installation of implants.

Diagnosis without unnecessary blood

Most procedures that involve penetration into the tooth and gums cannot be carried out without prior x-ray diagnostics.

X-ray examination is an opportunity to establish the correct action plan for a specialist to treat the disease.

X-ray during pregnancy

To reduce radiation exposure, specialists need to use a special film (E-class). It is recommended to use a digital method that will not cause any harm to the woman and her fetus.

It is also possible to take dental x-rays during breastfeeding. Since the radiation dose is small, breast milk does not accumulate any radiation, and accordingly the baby’s body will not be harmed.

In the first trimester, such diagnostics are contraindicated.

Little patients - a special approach

How often can x-rays be taken?

The safest method is considered to be a digital examination of the condition of dental tissues. X-rays using a film machine should be taken as rarely as possible.

Any procedure has a negative effect on the body, so X-rays are recommended only when necessary.

X-rays cause harm to the body, albeit minor. You can reduce the risk if you choose a good clinic that is equipped with modern equipment.

X-rays of baby teeth should not be avoided in children or during pregnancy. If a dentist prescribes such a diagnosis, then it is necessary.

Types of research

Diagnosis can be carried out using old and new technology. Depending on the equipment used, there are four types of dental radiography:

bitewing: to detect caries and tartar;
targeted: to determine the internal condition of the tooth and gums;
panoramic: to obtain a more accurate picture of the general condition of the jaw structure;
digital: to obtain a clear image of both an individual tooth and the entire dental structure.

The newest type of dental diagnostics is 3D X-ray. This research method allows you to obtain a panoramic or three-dimensional image, which is displayed on the computer screen.

As a result of image processing, the doctor receives the most accurate picture.

Preparing for an X-ray

Before the procedure begins, the patient must remove all jewelry that is on the face, head or neck.

Metal objects may distort images or appear as a shadow. As a result, the dentist may be confused and the patient may need to be re-evaluated.

Description of the examination

The X-ray procedure is carried out according to a certain scheme, however, in some medical institutions, depending on the device used, the examination process may differ.

So, how do you usually take an x-ray of a tooth:

the patient's body is covered with a special apron;
the patient goes inside a special apparatus;
bites a plastic stick;
lips closed;
presses his chest against the platform.

The person's position should be level. In some cases, the head must be rotated to obtain an image of a certain area. After the body position is taken, a photograph is taken.

How harmful is the procedure?

Any radiation is harmful to the body. But the development of diseases occurs only with a high dose of radiation.

A dental X-ray affects a person in such small doses that it cannot provoke pathological processes.

If the patient has doubts, it is necessary to consult a doctor. However, you should understand how important such a diagnosis is, and what health problems may arise if you refuse it.

What do patients think?

From the practice of patients in dental clinics.

Maria

Natalia

Tatiana

Price issue

The cost of a dental x-ray depends on several factors. The main role is played by the device that is used for diagnostics.

Also, the cost may depend on the type of image, the area of examination, and, of course, on the medical institution itself. On average, the cost of dental radiography ranges from 250 to 1500 rubles.

X-ray examination of teeth is an important stage in the diagnosis of dental diseases. Without special tissue examination, it is not always possible to provide high-quality treatment.

X-rays can be used to make the correct diagnosis for orthodontic, surgical and therapeutic procedures.

Dental X-ray – how many times can you be examined without harm to your health?

One of the major breakthroughs in diagnostic medicine was the use of x-rays to study the anatomical and structural features of the human body. Despite the fact that the discovery of ionizing rays occurred in the 19th century, radiography still remains the most popular diagnostic method, including in dental practice. However, as we know, x-rays can be harmful to human health, so it is important to know how often dental x-rays can be taken.

Application of X-rays in dentistry

In dentistry, dental x-rays are considered the simplest, cheapest and most effective way to diagnose many pathologies of the dental system. Using dental radiography, you can identify hidden caries, assess the depth of damage to hard dental tissues, diagnose inflammatory periodontal diseases in a timely manner, and much more.

It is difficult to imagine dental treatment without the help of x-rays - only with its help can high-quality treatment and filling of root canals be achieved. Modern dentistry has various innovative equipment that is designed in accordance with all safety requirements, but this does not exclude the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the human body.

The type of examination affects how much radiation a person receives during an x-ray.

Today, the safest method of radiographic examination of the tooth and jaw, which causes the least harm, is computer radiovisiography. This device produces a low radiation dose during scanning, so images can be taken more often.

An intraoral X-ray of a tooth is done using different equipment, which gives a higher level of radiation exposure, but even despite this, the harm from it is small - the radiation dose is equal to the dose received for a whole day of exposure to the open sun. Intraoral dental X-ray methods cause more harm to a person due to a higher dose of radiation exposure, so they are often not recommended.

Danger of X-ray exposure to humans

In some cases, the harm of X-ray radiation is exaggerated, but it is also wrong to deny it. In order to understand how harmful dental x-rays are to humans, you need to know the mechanisms of the negative impact. Ionizing radiation, passing through the body of the subject, provokes the development of certain reactions:

Changes in protein structure.
Ionization of tissue molecules.
Accelerates the aging process of cells, disrupts the normal course of maturation of new ones.
Temporarily changes the composition of the blood.

All these processes can cause many diseases, so it is important to adhere to safety rules: patients should wear special protective aprons to protect organs that are especially sensitive to radiation, and doctors should carefully monitor the dose and time of radiation. The shorter the x-ray examination, the less harm is caused to the body.

When calculating the amount of harmful effects, the location of the X-rays should also be taken into account. The organs of the human body perceive radiation exposure differently. For example, the bone marrow, lungs and gonads are the most sensitive to ionizing radiation. In the head and neck area, the thyroid gland and brain are most susceptible to X-rays - their sensitivity index is 0.05 and 0.025, respectively, while the gonads have an index of 0.2.

Dental X-rays used in dentistry are performed using equipment that synthesizes low-energy rays, and the examination itself lasts only a few seconds, so it is considered relatively harmless.

A little about the need for research

How necessary is it to take an x-ray and is it possible to do without it? Most dental pathologies cannot be seen during a simple examination, since only the crowns of the teeth and mucous membranes are visible in the oral cavity. Assessing the condition of the roots, periodontium, periodontium, alveolar process and body of the jaw without the help of x-rays can only be done surgically, which is extremely impractical - few people will consent to such an intervention. Many diseases begin to manifest themselves only in the later stages, when complex treatment is already required. With the help of x-rays, you can diagnose pathologies in time and draw up a treatment plan.

If there is a need to frequently take x-rays, then it is advisable to use a radiovisiograph - in this case, the load level is minimal with a high level of information content.

Much greater harm will be caused by ignoring unpleasant symptoms or treating “blindly”. For example, cysts located at the roots of teeth grow for a very long time without any signs. Root canal treatment of a tooth whose roots are involved in the pathological process will not bring success - in the future it will be necessary to re-treat the tooth or remove it altogether.

How often can dental x-rays be taken?

In order to answer how many times you can take an X-ray of your teeth, you should familiarize yourself with the provisions of SanPiN (sanitary norms and rules) - the maximum permissible radiation dose should not exceed 150 mSv per year. To understand better, we can make a comparison: such doses are obtained after 500 examinations on a radiovosiograph, 50 images on a high-quality apparatus for intraoral radiography, 80 digital orthopantomograms.

Dental X-rays are a safe examination that can be done several times a month without harm to the body. To verify this, the radiation doses received during dental x-rays can be compared with other types of x-rays:

Fluorography – 0.6–0.8 millisieverts.
Mammography – 0.2–0.3 millisieverts.
Intraoral contact radiography – up to 0.35 millisievert.

To summarize, we can conclude that dental radiography itself is harmless. Carrying out an examination using modern equipment significantly reduces the level of radiation exposure, so it can be done repeatedly without harm to health.

Dental X-ray: indications and harmfulness of the procedure. Panoramic X-ray of teeth - where is it done and should you be wary of the procedure? Is panoramic X-ray of teeth harmful?

Indications for use

What does the study show?

Are dental x-rays harmful or not and how often can they be done?

Contraindications and restrictions

Can it be done during pregnancy?

Types of research

Intraoral bite radiography

Extraoral (extraoral) radiography

Tomography

Electroradiography

CT scan

Radiography using contrast agents

Preparing for an X-ray

How long does the procedure take and how does it work by type?

Prikusnoy

Sighting

Panoramic

Digital or 3D X-ray

X-ray analysis

X-ray as a procedure

Detailed readings

Types of X-ray

Intraoral

Cephalometric

Panoramic

Harm from X-rays

Dental X-ray during pregnancy

X-ray and breastfeeding

X-ray of a child's teeth

Description of the procedure

X-ray frequency

Problems with X-rays

1. High-quality treatment, with analysis of internal areas

The information content of the picture is important for:

2. Are dental x-rays harmful?

3. How many dental x-rays can you take?

What is a visiograph and how does it differ from an x-ray?

Is it true that a visiograph is safer than a regular film photograph?

How many pictures can you take at one time? And in general, isn’t it harmful when treating a large number of teeth that you have to take a lot of X-rays?

Is it possible to do x-rays for pregnant women?

What is the best protection to use if you need to take a picture of a pregnant woman? Is it better if the doctor puts 2 protective aprons on me?

Is it possible to do x-rays for nursing mothers? And if possible, then what about feeding the child after the procedure?

Is it really impossible to do without x-rays?

About the frequency of x-rays

X-ray and special categories of patients

Indications for the procedure

Diagnosis without unnecessary blood

Little patients - a special approach

How often can x-rays be taken?

Types of research

Preparing for an X-ray

Description of the examination

How harmful is the procedure?

What do patients think?

Price issue

Diagnosis without unnecessary blood

X-ray during pregnancy

Little patients - a special approach

How often can x-rays be taken?

Types of research

Preparing for an X-ray

Description of the examination

How harmful is the procedure?

What do patients think?

Price issue

Why do you need to take a panoramic photo?

What is it, what can be seen in an orthopantomogram image?

How to take a panoramic photo (orthopantomogram)

Price

X-ray and radioactivity

Are x-rays harmful to humans?

Types of X-rays and scope of application in dentistry

Research methods and radiation dosage

How often can an adult have dental x-rays?

Contraindications

How to take a tooth picture

3D photo

Conclusion

Sight image of a tooth –