home Audience 7 How to treat pain in the back of the head. Pain in the back of the head: causes, treatment. Physiotherapy and manual therapy

How to treat pain in the back of the head. Pain in the back of the head: causes, treatment. Physiotherapy and manual therapy

Pain of various etiologies often spoils plans, interferes with work and rest. The condition when the back of the head hurts on the left side of the head quite often leads patients to the doctor. Sometimes, it is difficult for a specialist to make a diagnosis, especially if there are no accompanying symptoms. Then you have to analyze the lifestyle, habits of the patient, then conduct an examination of the whole organism in order to find the reasons why the back of the head hurts on the left side of the head.

When pain appears in the head, in the occipital region, this is a symptom of diseases of the spine, blood vessels, and neuralgia. Even if the pain occurs due to stress or sedentary work, then you need to accurately determine the reasons why this happens, especially with increasing and prolonged attacks.

The back of the head hurts on the left side: causes, diagnosis and treatment

Features and types of pain

Doctors distinguish several features of pain in the back of the head:

1. Primary, which does not apply to diseases and appears in 90% of cases.

2. Secondary, which appears as a result of inflammation and occurs in 10% of cases.
Approximately 4% of patients who complain of a headache in the back of the head find serious illnesses that can become a threat not only to their general condition, but also to life.

Pain in the back of the head can appear in different directions and most often it occurs on the left.

As a rule, discomfort is observed during movements of the head, and some patients think that the symptom does not appear in the head, but in the cervical region, after prolonged work in a sitting position or severe fatigue.

There are several types of neck pain on the left side:

1. Sharp. It begins as a result of emotional stress, stress and depression.

2. Dull. Unpleasant sensations appear, a person cannot touch his head. A similar condition is characteristic of osteochondrosis and arthritis.

3. Aching. The back of the head hurts due to spasm in the shoulders or neck. Often occurs with a strong mental load.

4. Pulsating. It hurts in the back of the head with high pressure and often the symptoms appear in the morning. In addition, there are white spots in the eyes and noise in the ears.

Regardless of the type, the occipital headache on the left gives a lot of discomfort, a person cannot concentrate and work normally.

If the symptoms appear regularly, then a high-quality and complete diagnosis is necessary.

Causes of pain

The reasons why it starts to hurt in the back of the head on the left side can be different and they are all presented below:

1. Diseases of the cervical spine, which include osteochondrosis, migraine, spondylitis.

2. neuroses.

3. Pathologies of the muscles of the neck, for example, myositis and myogelosis.

4. Hypertension.

5. Increased vascular tension in the brain.

6. A long stay in one position, after which the neck, head swells and pain appears.

7. Increased loads.

8. Diseases of the maxillofacial joints.

9. Stressful situations and depression.

Any reasons should not be left to chance and wait until the headache in the back of the head passes.
This only worsens the condition, leads to nervousness and irritability, and can also aggravate the undiagnosed disease.

Detailing the reasons

For a more detailed understanding of why it hurts in the back of the head, it is necessary to consider the most common causes and factors that provoke them.

Osteochondrosis- This is a disease of the spine, which leads to the rapid destruction of the cervical vertebrae.
The disease can have a devastating effect in several parts of the spine at once.

The main provoking causes of pathology:

1. Office and other sedentary work.

2. Passive lifestyle, without simple physical activity.

3. Addictions, such as smoking and alcohol abuse.

4. Obesity.

5. Improper posture during work, due to which the posture deteriorates.

6. Heredity.

The first sign of osteochondrosis is pain in the back of the head on the left side, but many people refer to simple fatigue. If you do not use timely treatment, then negative consequences are possible, which cannot be corrected.

Spondylosis- a disease of the spine, which begins after the degeneration of cells, the ligaments of the vertebrae turn into bone tissues. Due to this, growths begin on the spinal column, which do not allow normal movement of the neck, stiffness in movements occurs.

There is pain in the back of the head of a pulsating nature, which radiates to the eye part of the head or to the ears. The development of the disease is often observed in the elderly, as well as in office workers.

Myositis- inflammation that begins in the muscles of the body and affects several bone tissues at once. In addition to the development of inflammation within the body, the patient's skin may change.

The main causes of the disease are as follows:

1. Infectious diseases.

2. Constant hypothermia.

3. Injuries of various kinds and frequent convulsions.

If the patient has myositis, the pain in the back of the head on the left will be pulsating, but initially the attack occurs in the cervical region. To establish the diagnosis, doctors use x-rays.

In the early stages of myositis, treatment can be carried out with antibiotics, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs. An additional measure would be the use of physiotherapy, as well as massage. If you start the disease, then treatment is possible only by surgical methods.

At hypertension a person’s pressure rises, due to this, his head hurts, and by nature the attack is pulsating, squeezing and appears on the left or right side. In some hypertensive patients, attacks appear immediately after sleep, and are also supplemented by dizziness, heaviness and general poor condition. During movement, the headache intensifies. After vomiting, the sensations in the back of the head are weakened.

With neuralgia inflammatory processes of the occipital nerve begin, often this problem occurs with hypothermia. Pathology is accompanied by burning and severe attacks in the back of the head, after which it gives off to other parts. Various movements and coughing can intensify the sensations. If a person does not move and is at rest, then a dull headache persists.

If diagnosed intracranial pressure That is, the patient has a headache in the back of the head all the time.
Often the condition is supplemented by floating pressure and fainting. Attacks intensify at night, and in the morning the patient feels sick, vomits.

In some cases, the back of the head hurts due to the profession or stress. This is caused by the same type of body position for a long time, when the muscles of the neck are in tension all the time. The symptoms are long, dull, and by rubbing the symptoms go away a little.

A similar problem occurs during stress, because in this state the whole body tenses up and the blood begins to pulsate strongly, which leads to high pressure. Due to this, people can feel a pulsation in the back of the head on the left side of the head.

The most common disease is migraine. In this case, the patient will have the following symptoms:

1. There is pain in the forehead, neck or temples.

2. There is cloudiness before the eyes.

3. Added tinnitus.

4. Patients cannot concentrate.

The attack becomes stronger if pressed down in the region of the artery of the spine. Only a doctor can diagnose this condition.

Diagnosis

After a visit to the hospital, the doctor collects information from the patient's words about the symptoms and factors that could cause discomfort in the left area of the head.

After that, a laboratory diagnosis is carried out, which allows you to determine the exact causes of seizures.
For this, the following methods are used:

1. An MRI of the head and neck is performed.

2. Do an ultrasound.

3. X-ray and electroencephalogram are used.

After receiving the necessary data, the doctor prescribes treatment and other possible therapy that will relieve seizures in the head.

Treatment

When the left side of the head hurts from behind, the treatment depends on the established cause. If the headache is the result of a migraine, doctors may prescribe painkillers. Various antidepressants and anti-seizure medications are used to additionally treat migraines. Severe attacks can be alleviated with acupuncture, as well as massage or compresses.

If the cause is high blood pressure, then doctors recommend complete rest. If convulsions appear during hypertension, then it is recommended to use more serious drugs, only as directed by a doctor, in addition, measures should be taken to reduce pressure, but not abruptly.

If the attack occurs due to overwork, then you just need to improve sleep, rest more, and also avoid stress. It is recommended to reduce the time spent on computers.

If the back of the head on the left side hurts with osteochondrosis, then it is necessary to apply long-term treatment with chondroprotectors and also as directed by a doctor.

Many seizures appear as a result of an unstable emotional and mental state.
This means that it is necessary to use measures to normalize the functioning of the nervous system, and for this you can use ordinary medicinal herbs and medicines based on them.

The pain of the head itself in the left or right area can lead to disorders and depression, so you should consult a doctor with a long-term accompaniment of symptoms.

To normalize the mental state, it is recommended to use the following herbs:

1. Valerian root and mint.

2. Motherwort.

3. Oregano.

4. Yarrow.

Also, a headache on any side can be stopped with the help of essential oils and is suitable for this:

1. Eucalyptus.

3. Rosemary.

4. Lavender.

The oil should be applied to the problem area and just breathe or use ethers to create compresses.

If you have a headache or an attack occurs in a certain part of the head, then some preventive tips should be used. It is not always necessary to immediately take pills and other drugs that can stop symptoms, it is enough to follow doctor's advice:

1. Normalize sleep and sleep from 7 hours a day, as well as allocate time for rest.

2. Use more plant foods and dairy products in your diet.

3. As soon as the headache begins, it is necessary to curtain the windows and lie down in the dark.

4. Every day, take walks on the street, as a last resort, ventilate the room.

5. Buy a device for humidifying the air in the house.

6. Eliminate or reduce the use of alcohol, as well as give up cigarettes.

7. During an attack, you can use a compress from a crushed cabbage leaf.

8. Go in for sports or do exercises every day.

9. Monitor the emotional and psychological state.

Unpleasant sensations can be easily removed if you do a light massage of the cervical region., head or shoulder girdle, for 10 minutes. After that, the muscles relax, the inflow and outflow of blood improve, and spasms disappear.

No self-treatment required, because this can aggravate the situation, the only exception is the inability to visit a doctor, call an ambulance, or if spasms appear as a result of stress.

Any drugs and folk remedies can stop discomfort, but do not affect the disease. published.

If you have any questions, ask them

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption, we are changing the world together! © econet

Everyone has experienced a headache at least once in their life. The nature of this pain is different. There may be a sharp headache in the back of the head or dull, throbbing, pressing, aching. The pain may be constant or intermittent. The nature of pain is related to the factors that cause it. However, regardless of the cause of a headache in the back of the head, it is always quite painful, and a person should get rid of it. But after all, as you know, in order to cure a disease, you must first determine its cause.

The main causes of headache in the back of the head

Pain in the back of the head can indicate the presence of many diseases. The most common of them are:

neuralgia of the occipital nerve;
diseases of the cervical spine, such as spondylitis, osteochondrosis, spondylosis, cervical migraine, etc.;
spasm of cerebral vessels;
increased intracranial pressure;
hypertension (high blood pressure);
long stay in an uncomfortable position;
stressful conditions;
excessive muscle tension due to physical activity;
diseases of the temporomandibular joints or malocclusion.

The nature of the headache in the back of the head in various diseases

Headache treatment in the back of the head

In order to prescribe an adequate treatment for a headache in the back of the head, it is necessary to find out for what reason it arose. For this, the patient must undergo a preliminary examination, which includes an x-ray of the cervical spine.

Most often, the following specialists are involved in the treatment of headaches in the back of the head: a traumatologist, a neurologist, a chiropractor, a physiotherapist, a masseur, a physiotherapist.

If the pain in the back of the head is caused by neuralgia of the occipital nerve, cervical osteochondrosis, stress, myogelosis, intracranial pressure, or is of a professional nature, manual therapy and massage will effectively help.

With spondylosis and high blood pressure, hard massage is categorically contraindicated. But light self-massage can have a positive effect on any kind of pain in the back of the head.

Physiotherapy (magnetotherapy, electrophoresis, ultrasound or laser treatment) has a good effect in the treatment of headaches in the back of the head. Especially physiotherapy is indicated for spondylosis, cervical osteochondrosis, myogelosis, increased intracranial pressure, vascular pain, neuralgia of the occipital nerve.

Physiotherapy exercises will be useful for all patients with headaches in the back of the head, except for pain caused by malocclusion (only an orthodontist can help here).

Folk remedies for headaches in the back of the head

For mild headaches, the following folk remedies can have a positive effect:

regular ventilation of the room, humidification of the air with the help of special devices;
hot compress on the back of the head and hot drink;
a compress from a cabbage leaf, previously rumpled in the hands;
a compress of chopped onion and grated horseradish;
warm tea from high primrose herb or linden flowers. A mixture of herbs is also effective: meadowsweet, medicinal sage, peppermint.

For headaches in the back of the head, it is recommended to exclude the use of tobacco and alcoholic beverages, as they contribute to its intensification. For occupational pain, it is recommended to adjust the workplace so that you can sit comfortably. You can also purchase an orthopedic pillow. Sleeping on it will contribute to the maximum relaxation of the neck muscles at night.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Pain in the back of the head is a very common symptom, and the causes of this pain can range from pressure problems to brain tumors. Neck pain is usually transient and can be easily managed at home. However, severe pain in the back of the head, especially if it does not go away when taking conventional painkillers (analgin, ibuprofen), or if the attacks are often repeated, is a reason for a visit to the doctor. During your doctor's appointment, you may be asked to have blood tests or X-rays to determine the cause of the pain in the back of your head. The doctor uses these tests to rule out diseases and conditions such as meningitis, tumors, and stroke, which can also cause this type of pain and cannot be treated at home.

Causes of neck pain

1. Common causes

Cervicogenic headache

Cervicogenic headache is, in a sense, one of the most unusual types of headaches, because the source of the pain is not actually in the head. Cervicogenic headache is referred pain (i.e., pain that occurs in a different place than its source) felt in the head, despite the fact that the cause of it is in the neck (for example, a herniated disc in the cervical spine , posterior osteophyte, spondylolisthesis, etc.).

Cervicogenic headache is one of the most common types of neck pain. This pain is usually felt on one side of the head and may radiate to the temple, eye, or forehead. Posture problems, neck injuries, and other minor injuries often precede this type of pain.

Most often, such pain occurs with discogenic pathology of the spine (protrusion and herniation of the intervertebral disc).

Although cervicogenic headache also occurs in young people, it is more commonly diagnosed in older people and people whose profession is related to working at a computer.

Occipital neuralgia

Occipital neuralgia is a condition associated with cervicogenic headache. An alternative name is occipital neuralgia. Often occurs on one side of the head, is acute, and may radiate to the forehead and eye.

Migraine

Although pain in migraine is usually not localized in the back of the head, almost 40% of patients report pain in the back of the head of varying severity. It is not uncommon for these patients to also experience neck pain. Treating neck pain, in these cases, can help relieve some of the symptoms associated with migraines.

Stitching headache (ice-stick pain)

A stabbing headache is a sharp, piercing pain that usually lasts only a few seconds. Although this type of pain can be felt anywhere in the head, it can also be located in the back of the head.

Headache from exposure to cold stimuli ("cold" headache)

A "cold" headache is caused by exposure to cold temperatures (such as freezing, eating ice cream, or drinking cold drinks). As a rule, pain of this type is localized in the temples, but a small percentage of patients may feel pain in the back of the head.

Severe paroxysmal headache with occasional relapses

A severe paroxysmal headache with occasional recurrences is a type of migraine and can be located anywhere in the head. More than a quarter of patients report neck pain.

Tension headache

Recent research indicates that people suffering from tension-type headache appear to have an increased sensitivity to pain. This can cause tension in the muscles of the neck, which, as a result, can lead to pain in the back of the head.

Sinusitis

If you have ever had sinusitis, then you know that the pain is usually localized in different areas of the face and in the forehead. However, with severe inflammation, patients often experience pain in the back of the head.

Shingles (herpes zoster virus)

Shingles can cause burning pain in the neck and head, usually on one side. With herpes zoster, pain in the back of the head usually precedes rashes, which are an indicator of the onset of an exacerbation of the disease.

2. More serious problems

There are several serious causes of neck pain that need urgent medical attention.

Dissection (dissection) of the vertebral artery

Dissection of the vertebral artery is accompanied by very severe and sudden pain in the back of the head. This pain differs from the much more common cervicogenic headache in that the pain of a vertebral artery dissection begins suddenly and can be truly excruciating.

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Bleeding in or around the brain, called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, is a very dangerous condition that requires immediate medical attention. At the same time, it is recorded in almost 10% of patients complaining of severe pain in the back of the head. People suffering from this condition usually describe such pain as the worst headache they have ever experienced. Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and blackouts are the symptoms associated with this condition.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

Any infection in the head is characterized by inflammation of the lymph nodes in the back of the head and neck. Scalp infections, ear infections, nose and throat infections can all be accompanied by swollen lymph nodes. The lymph nodes of the back of the head and neck are also often inflamed with childhood rubella. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and back of the head can be very painful.

Meningitis

The pain in the back of the head caused by meningitis is the result of nerve damage due to infection, as well as the severe stiffness in the neck that usually develops with this disease. One of the defining symptoms of meningitis is a very high temperature, combined with pain in the head and neck.

pinched nerve

Sometimes neck pain can be caused by damage to nerve tissue. Most often, we are talking about the hypoglossal nerve, upper cervical nerves or accessory nerves.

Nodular periarteritis

Blood is supplied to the back of the head by several arteries. Periarteritis nodosa is a condition that is quite difficult to diagnose, caused by inflammation of the arteries found in the head. This is a very rare condition and is treated with steroid medications.

3. Physical stimuli

Sometimes neck pain can be caused by internal or external physical stimuli.

Height

Headache is a fairly common symptom in people who are not accustomed to high altitude. Among those who experience headache at high altitude, only about 4% of people noted pain in the back of the head. Most feel the pain as generalized.

Cough

For some unknown reason, coughing can cause headaches. In about 35% of cases, patients reported pain in the back of the head.

Cardiac cephalgia

One of the rather strange causes of pain in the back of the head can be a heart attack or coronary heart disease. Although studies on this issue conflict with each other in terms of statistics, one study indicated that approximately 33% of people who survived a heart attack experienced pain in the back of the head. Opening the coronary arteries should solve this problem.

Neck muscle injury

One of the very common causes of neck pain is damage to the muscles of the neck, which happens, for example, with a whiplash injury to the neck. In this case, the pain usually starts in the neck or shoulders and radiates to the back of the head.

Low blood pressure

Low pressure headaches are most often located on the sides of the head, but many people also experience pain in the back of the head, which gets worse during periods of activity. In addition to pain, low blood pressure can cause hearing problems and ringing in the ears.

4. Rare diseases

There are some diseases that can cause neck pain. Such diseases need treatment, incl. and in surgery.

A brain tumor

Approximately 25% of people with a brain tumor experience pain in the back of their head. This symptom is rarely the leading one.

Parkinson's disease

For some unknown reason, more than a third of Parkinson's patients complain of pain in the back of the head and neck.

Dengue fever

With dengue fever, severe headache and high body temperature are noted. About 20% of patients complain of pain in the back of the head.

Thyrotoxicosis

Thyrotoxicosis is often referred to as hyperthyroidism. Most often, with thyrotoxicosis, Graves' disease (Graves' disease) is diagnosed. Neck pain is a common symptom in this disease. Basedow's disease is treated with medication and removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy).

The treatments for the conditions and diseases listed above vary widely. Some of them require hospital treatment, while others can be managed at home.

The back of the head is called the back of the head, which is located above the neck. The lateral borders of the occiput can be considered the mastoid processes behind the ears, and this area does not have a clear upper border. The occiput usually protrudes backwards in the form of a tubercle. Its dimensions may vary. For example, in patients with Down syndrome and a number of other congenital pathologies, the back of the head does not protrude so much back, and it is more difficult to determine the place of its transition to the neck.

What structures are in the back of the head?

From the point of view of anatomy, the back of the head is called the back of the brain region of the skull. In this area there are various anatomical formations, each of which, under certain conditions, can cause sensation pain. It is most convenient to consider the anatomical structure of the occiput in layers, highlighting the blood supply and innervation separately. As a rule, with a specific pathology, a certain type of tissue is affected. Sometimes pain felt in the back of the head radiates from nearby areas ( upper neck, temporal region).

From the point of view of anatomy, the following structures are located in the back of the head:

Nape skin

According to its anatomical and physiological properties, the skin of the back of the head does not differ much from the skin of the crown and forehead. It is quite thick, covered with hair, contains a large number of sweat and sebaceous glands and few sensitive nerve endings. Actually, the skin rarely causes pain in the back of the head. More often the problem is inflammation of the skin glands or hair follicles.

Subcutaneous tissue

subcutaneous tissue ( adipose tissue) is the second layer in the occipital region. It is located between the skin and the aponeurosis ( flat band of connective tissue). The fiber in this area is divided into separate lobules by connective tissue partitions. It contains superficial vessels and nerves. The main cause of pain at this level are subcutaneous inflammatory processes.

Muscular-aponeurotic layer

The muscular-aponeurotic layer is a digastric muscle that stretches from the forehead to the back of the head. Its anterior abdomen is attached above the eye sockets. Further, it passes into the so-called tendon helmet. This is a flat band of connective tissue with great strength. This cord is not fixed tightly to the bones of the skull. That is why the skin and subcutaneous tissue located above it are relatively mobile. The connective tissue in this area is dense and performs, in part, a protective function. At the point of transition of the parietal bones into the occipital tendon helmet is attached to the posterior belly of the supracranial muscle. Actually, in the region of the nape under the skin, it is precisely the flat belly of this muscle that is located. Its contractions are controlled by branches of the facial nerve.

Loose fiber layer

This layer lies deeper than the aponeurotic layer. Fiber at this level is distributed evenly and is not separated by connective tissue partitions. It contains fewer vessels and nerves. Both layers of fiber above and below the aponeurosis) are quite thin. The structure of the superficial soft tissues of the occiput ( over the bone) is important in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries in this area. In soft tissues, blood can accumulate when the vessels are damaged. With cuts or dissections of the skin, so-called scalped wounds are formed, which have their own characteristics.

Periosteum

Periosteum or periosteum is a special dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the bone. Normally, it is necessary for normal bone growth. Nutrients come from the periosteum. She also takes an active part in the healing of fractures and cracks in bones. Attachment of tendons and other fixed anatomical structures occurs at the level of the periosteum. For example, in the lower part of the occiput, a part of the tendons of the posterior abdomen of the supracranial muscle is attached to it.

The periosteum consists of two main layers:

adventitial layer. This layer is more superficial. It consists of fibrous connective tissue and contains a large number of nerve endings. Pain in the bones, as a rule, is caused precisely by the defeat of the adventitial layer of the periosteum.
Bone-forming layer. This layer is internal and adjacent to the bone itself. It is responsible for the nutrition of bone tissue and contains special cells that stimulate its growth ( osteoblasts).

In the region of the occiput, the periosteum does not adhere tightly to the bone over the entire area. The fusion of these structures takes place only in the region of the seams ( junction of the occipital bone with other flat bones of the skull).

Occipital bone

The occipital bone is one of the most massive bones of the skull. It contains many departments and topographical elements. The main function of this bone is to fix the anatomical structures in the back of the head and protect the posterior parts of the brain.

In the occipital bone, the following three sections are distinguished:

Scales. Scales is called a thinner plate that connects to the parietal and temporal bones. On the outer surface of the scale ( approximately in the center of the occipital bone) is located external occipital protrusion, which can be felt through the skin. Down from it ( to the greater foramen magnum) is the external occipital crest. Of great importance is the inner surface of the scales. There are recesses in which the blood sinuses of the brain pass ( sagittal and transverse).
Lateral masses. This is the name of the parts of the bone located on the sides of the large occipital foramen. They have special articular surfaces that provide a reliable connection of the first ( top) cervical vertebra with a skull. This connection is immovable. Also in this area there is a groove for the passage of the hypoglossal nerve ( XII pair of cranial nerves) and for the emissary vein.
Body of the occipital bone. The body is located almost horizontally and takes part in the formation of the base of the skull. It is located anterior to the foramen magnum and is connected to the scales by means of lateral masses. The seam of the pharynx is attached to the body from below, fixing it to the base of the skull.

A large occipital foramen, limited by the above parts of the bone, connects the cranial cavity with the spinal canal. It contains the lower part of the brain stem ( medulla), pass through all the meninges. At the level of the foramen magnum, the brain passes into the spinal cord. A sufficient width of this opening is necessary for the free circulation of cerebrospinal fluid between the membranes.

The occipital bone has connections with the following bones:

parietal bones;
temporal bones;
atlas ( I cervical vertebra).

Shells of the brain

The human brain has several membranes that perform various functions. The shells separate the brain itself from the bones of the skull, enclosing the organ in a kind of case. They pass through the foramen magnum into the spinal canal. From the point of view of anatomy, moving from the occipital bone inward to the brain, there will be an alternation of the meninges of the brain and the spaces between them. In these spaces, various pathological processes can also occur, causing pain in the back of the head.

Between the brain and the bones of the skull are the following membranes and spaces:

Dura mater. This shell consists of fibers of dense connective tissue. It fuses directly with the bones of the skull, as if lining it from the inside. Protrusions of the dura mater protrude into the brain in some places, dividing its departments ( for example, the crescent of the brain separates its hemispheres). Also, the dura mater forms special sinuses. These are wide ducts through which venous blood leaves the brain. On the inner surface of the occiput pass the sagittal ( its posterior part, occipital and sigmoid sinuses). Difficulties in blood flow in these sinuses can cause headaches, including in the back of the head.
subdural space. This is a narrow gap separating the solid ( from the outside) and cobweb ( from the inside) membranes of the brain. It normally contains a small amount of fluid.
Arachnoid. This shell also consists of connective tissue, but it contains a large number of functional cells. She is responsible for maintaining a constant amount of CSF ( cerebrospinal fluid). The blood and lymphatic vessels that feed the brain are partially fixed to it.
subarachnoid space. It is located between the arachnoid and pia mater of the brain. The cerebrospinal fluid circulates in this space. Its amount is usually constant, but may vary with some pathologies. Normally, CSF freely enters all cisterns of the brain and into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord. An excess of fluid or a local narrowing in this space leads to a violation of the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid, an increase. Changes in the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid toxins, infection, etc.) irritation of the meninges occurs, which is also accompanied by pain.
soft shell. This shell is adjacent directly to the cerebral cortex, penetrating into all the convolutions. It is partially connected to the arachnoid. In the loose connective tissue that forms the soft shell, there are small vessels that feed the brain tissue.

Brain

The human brain is a collection of nerve cells that are closely interconnected. Actually, the brain tissue does not have pain receptors, so its diseases rarely cause pain in the back of the head. However, some pathologies can affect the meninges or lead to an increase in intracranial pressure, which will affect the patient's condition.

In the back of the head are the following parts of the brain:

occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres;
cerebellum;
cerebellar cortex;
medulla ( passes through the foramen magnum).

Vessels of the occipital region

All vessels of the occipital region can be divided into two large groups - superficial, located in soft tissues on the outside of the skull, and internal, feeding the occipital lobes of the brain and cerebellum. The arteries of the occipital region originate from the vertebral arteries and external carotid arteries.

The most important arteries supplying the occipital region are:

occipital artery ( superficial);
posterior auricular artery ( located behind the ear, but gives off branches to the back of the head);
posterior cerebral artery ( internal, originates from the basilar artery, and that, in turn, from the vertebral);
posterior branches of the middle cerebral artery.

Most of the veins run close to the arteries and have the same names. However, the outflow of venous blood occurs ( inside the skull) into the sinuses formed by the dura mater. From there, most of the venous blood enters the jugular vein.

A feature of the vessels of the skull ( including the occipital region) is a large number of branches and anastomoses ( connections) between them. There are also vessels connecting the arterial and venous basins of the intracranial and external vessels. Because of this feature, some superficial infectious processes can spread into the cranial cavity without adequate treatment, leading to serious complications.

Nerves of the occipital region

There are few small nerve trunks inside the skull, since the brain itself is, in fact, an accumulation of nerve cells. The innervation of the skin of the back of the head and soft tissues of this area is somewhat more complicated.

The most important are the following nerves:

great occipital nerve ( from the second cervical nerve);
lesser occipital nerve ( from the cervical plexus);
posterior trunks of cervical nerves ( from spinal roots);
closer to the ears are the posterior branches of the facial nerve.

Often, pain, arising in the back of the head, spreads ( radiate) to neighboring regions ( temporal, parietal, in the neck). This can make it difficult to diagnose the causes of pain.

Neck muscles

Often the cause of pain in the back of the head is the muscles of the neck. Most of them are responsible for raising the head, maintaining its balance and turning to the sides. The muscles of this area are attached to the scapula, thoracic spine and fascia ( connective tissue membranes) of the back on one side and to the occipital bone on the other. They seem to overlap each other.

In the upper parts of the neck, the following muscles are distinguished(in order from outside - inside, to the spine):

trapezius muscle;
belt muscles of the head and neck;
muscle that lifts the scapula;
semispinalis muscle of the back;
posterior and middle scalene muscles.

Muscles have a rich network of blood vessels. They also contain a number of cells that can be affected by systemic infections. All this creates the prerequisites for the fact that in some diseases, inflammatory foci appear directly in the muscle tissue.

Upper spine

Strictly speaking, the vertebrae are not part of the back of the head. However, they are in close proximity to it and can cause some pathological processes. The cervical spine includes vertebrae I through VII. The first cervical vertebra, the atlas, is firmly fused to the occipital bone in the region of the foramen magnum. The second vertebra, epistrophy or axis, has a protruding part, the so-called "tooth", around which the atlas rotates. This connection provides increased mobility of the head. The remaining cervical vertebrae do not differ much in structure. Between them are the so-called intervertebral discs. They provide mobility of the cervical vertebrae relative to each other, and also create a springy effect, reducing the load from the weight of the head.

In the development of pain in the back of the head, the spinal roots are of the greatest importance. These are processes of the spinal cord passing through the vertebral bodies. These roots come out on the sides of the spine in both directions. With the curvature of the vertebrae or the deposition of salts between them, the root can be infringed, causing severe pain.

Causes of neck pain

Pain in the back of the head is a single symptom that can occur due to many different causes. In the vast majority of cases, this disorder occurs due to a disease of structures that are in close anatomical proximity to the occipital region, however, pain often also occurs due to pathologies that cover many more organs and systems.

It must be understood that for every disease that can cause pain in the back of the head, a number of other manifestations are also characteristic, which can sometimes go unnoticed or underestimated ( especially against the backdrop of fairly intense pain). Therefore, if disturbing symptoms occur, you should consult a doctor who, based on laboratory tests and data obtained during the conversation, will be able to compare the facts and correctly determine the diagnosis.

Many diseases that cause pain in the back of the head are pathologies that, with proper treatment, are quite easily eliminated. However, some diseases can pose a certain threat to the health and even life of the patient. This is due primarily to a fairly large number of vital brain, nervous and vascular structures located in the back of the head and upper neck.

As mentioned above, pain in the back of the head can occur with a large number of pathologies. For a better understanding of this phenomenon, the possible causes should be divided into several groups depending on the affected structures or the underlying mechanism of the disease.

There are the following causes of pain in the back of the head:

This classification is conditional and is intended to somewhat facilitate the perception of such an extensive topic as pain in the back of the head. It must be understood that in many cases this symptom can be triggered by a pathology that involves several mechanisms at once.

Diseases of the anatomical structures of the occiput

The most common cause of pain in the back of the head is a structural or functional change in the anatomical structures located there. It should be noted that often pain in the back of the head is a reflection of the pathological process, the focus of which is located in the neck.

Diseases of the anatomical structures of the occiput

Name of the disease		Mechanism of pain	Features of the disease
*Epidemic occipital myalgia*	*Muscles and tendons of the occipital region*	The disease is one of the manifestations of an enterovirus infection caused by Coxsackie viruses. Pain sensation most likely occurs as a result of direct damage to muscle tissue by viral particles. Various muscle groups may be affected. The pain is aggravated by pressure and also by movement. Elevated temperature, which often reaches 40 degrees Celsius, can also provoke pain in muscle structures.	The disease is characterized by a sharp, sudden onset, manifested by severe pain in the muscles of the neck, abdomen and intercostal muscles. Fever develops, sometimes accompanied by upper respiratory symptoms ( coughing, sneezing, nasal congestion). Duration - about 4 - 6 days.
*Spondylitis*	*cervical spine*	There is a gradual and progressive destruction of the vertebral bodies, which is accompanied by a decrease in the intervertebral space with compression of the spinal nerves. The result is pain that worsens with movement and often radiates to other areas of the body ( limbs, torso), which is associated with inflammation and damage to the nerve fibers in this area. This pathology is characterized by a sluggish inflammatory reaction, which is responsible for the degeneration of bone tissue. The disease develops against the background of infectious diseases, as well as with damage to the connective tissue ( autoimmune process).	The destruction of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs leads to a significant decrease in the range of motion. In the later stages, the spinal column is severely deformed.
*Disc herniation of the cervical spine*	*Intervertebral discs and spinal nerve roots*	A vertebral hernia is a pathological condition in which a protrusion forms in the elastic intervertebral disc, compressing the spinal nerve root at the appropriate level. As a result, there is a pain syndrome associated with a disorder of sensory and motor function.	The pain usually only radiates to one side, involving one of the limbs.
*Myositis or fibrositis*	*Muscles or their connective tissue membranes*	Due to injuries of varying severity or under the influence of an infectious factor, an inflammatory reaction develops that covers the muscles of the neck. At the same time, immune cells are deposited in the tissues, edema occurs, and biologically active substances are released that provoke pain. In some cases, normal connective and muscle tissue is replaced by non-functional sclerotic tissue.	The disease is difficult to treat, and pathological changes ( foci of sclerosis in the muscles) are usually irreversible.
*cervical migraine*	*Blood vessels and nerves of the neck*	Against the background of an intervertebral hernia or other pathology ( increased pressure in the system of cerebral arteries, etc.) there is compression of the roots of the spinal nerves and sympathetic fibers ( are part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the basic unconscious functions of the body). As a result, periodic headaches develop with predominant localization in the back of the head. As with a true migraine, pain can be accompanied by photophobia and noise phobia, as well as various sensitivity disorders.	The pain is usually unilateral. Its intensity may vary depending on the position of the head and neck.
*Myogelosis of the cervical spine*	*Initially - blood vessels, later - the muscles of the back of the head*	Against the background of impaired blood circulation ( most often due to atherosclerosis, however, congenital vascular pathologies are often the cause), there is a state of insufficient supply of oxygen to the muscles of the neck. As a result, a compensatory reaction occurs with the replacement of normal tissue with sclerotic tissue, more resistant to oxygen deficiency. Seals form in the muscles of the neck and neck, which compress the nerve endings and cause severe pain. Violation of the cervical spinal cord, combined with reduced blood supply to the brain, additionally cause dizziness and weakness.	In the neck area, you can feel small nodules located in the thickness of the muscles. When pressed, there is a sharp pain.
*Prolonged muscle tension*	*Muscles of the neck and neck*	Muscles need an adequate blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products to function properly, as well as adequate rest for recovery. With excessive load, the muscles cease to cope with the load and metabolic changes occur in them with the accumulation of acidic decay products ( lactic acid), which cause quite severe and prolonged pain. If the load on the muscles significantly exceeds their functional potential, a painful spasm may occur ( uncontrolled contraction) muscles with pain spreading to the back of the head and neck.	Light gymnastics and exercises for the neck can not only avoid the occurrence of these pains, but can also eliminate them.

Neurogenic pain

Pain caused by direct damage to the nerve fibers and tissues of the spinal cord or brain is called neurogenic. In most cases, such a clinical course occurs against the background of trauma, infection, or a systemic disease of the connective tissue.

Damage to the nerve structures of the occipital region

Name of the disease	Affected anatomical structure	Mechanism of pain	Features of the disease
*Occipital neuralgia*	*cervical nerve plexus*	There is an inflammatory or any other ( depending on the original cause) damage to the nerve fibers that form the cervical plexus. This plexus provides innervation to the neck, ear, neck, shoulder girdle. With an isolated lesion of the occipital branch, pain can spread only to the occipital region, but other nerve trunks are also most often involved.	This pathology is rarely bilateral. Often there is a change in the skin with the development of redness, excessive sweating or, conversely, dryness.
*Multiple sclerosis*	*Spinal cord*	With this pathology, there are foci of damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the spinal cord, which leads to disruption of the normal functioning of the central nervous system. Outgoing impulses can cover several nerve fibers, being transmitted along areas devoid of myelin sheath. As a result, uncoordinated muscle contractions can occur, leading to muscle fatigue and pain.	This disease is an autoimmune that is, caused by a malfunction in the work of one's own immune system). Usually it is accompanied by various disorders of the motor and sensory spheres.

Vascular pain

In some cases, pain in the back of the head occurs due to functional or structural pathologies of the blood vessels. It should be noted that changes in the arteries and veins do not in themselves cause pain, while the subsequent pathological reaction of the surrounding tissues causes the main clinical manifestation.

Pathology of the cerebral vessels

Name of the disease	Mechanism of pain	Features of the disease
*Migraine*	Against the background of a number of predisposing factors, a pathological nervous reaction occurs in the brain, which provokes a change in blood vessels. As a result, cerebral vasodilation and the release of biologically active substances occur, which in combination create a clinical picture specific to migraine. Headaches are usually unilateral, predominantly in the forehead, but in some situations the pain can also spread to the back of the head.	During an attack, photophobia and noise phobia, nausea, vomiting can be observed. In some cases, there is a violation of sensitivity. Some people before the onset of a migraine attack experience the phenomenon of "aura" - there are various visual or sensory changes ( bright flashes, flying flies, noise).
*Intracranial angioma*	It is an area with pathologically altered vessels in the brain. By itself, angioma does not cause pain, however, with a significant size, it can compress the nerve trunks and meninges. If a hemorrhage develops, the pain increases significantly.	In addition to headaches, seizures may also occur. With hemorrhage, a progressive neurological deficit develops ( violation of movements, sensitivity, speech, vision, etc.).
*Hypertonic disease*	It is one of the most common pathologies among the population. It is a condition in which, due to many possible causes, the pressure in the arterial vascular system rises above 140/90. In this case, the vessels pathologically change and have a detrimental effect on the surrounding tissues. Many patients during an increase in blood pressure note a headache with predominant localization in the back of the head, accompanied by tinnitus. It should be noted that hypertension significantly increases the risk of stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.	Often this disease is asymptomatic. Manifestations depend on the level of pressure.
*Atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels*	Atherosclerosis is a pathology that affects all the vessels of the human body. With this disease, due to a violation of fat metabolism, cholesterol plaques form in the walls of blood vessels, which narrow the lumen of the arteries, which causes circulatory disorders. As a result, there is a state of oxygen starvation of the brain, which is manifested by fatigue, apathy, headaches. In addition, vessels with atherosclerotic changes are much more likely to be affected by blood clots, which can completely block the lumen and cause a stroke.	The disease also often develops without any symptoms. It is possible to assume it in the early stages only by the results of preventive blood tests.
*Cerebral aneurysm*	It is a pathological protrusion of a portion of a vessel within the brain. It develops after injuries, against the background of infection, with high blood pressure. When squeezing the meninges, it can cause pain in the back of the head. If the medulla is damaged, other neurological manifestations may occur. The main danger of aneurysms is their rupture and intracranial hemorrhage.	In most cases, brain aneurysms are discovered incidentally.
*Rupture of cerebral aneurysm with intracranial hemorrhage*	When an aneurysm ruptures, blood leaves the vascular bed and accumulates in the cranium, which is a closed cavity. As a result, intracranial pressure increases significantly, which leads to impaired blood supply to healthy areas, and compression of the brain tissue occurs. In addition, blood has an irritating effect on the meninges, thereby causing severe and sudden headaches.	It is a life threatening condition. Requires immediate medical attention.
*Stagnation of blood in the veins of the brain*	Circulatory disorders in the cerebral veins can occur both with their local damage, and with a systemic change in blood circulation ( heart failure, mediastinal tumors, constrictive pericarditis, etc.). As a result, the outflow of decay products and carbon dioxide from the brain is disrupted, which leads to headaches.	Usually accompanied by increased intracranial pressure and a number of other manifestations associated with heart failure.
*Vertebrobasilar syndrome*	This syndrome develops with insufficiency of blood vessels located at the base of the brain and forming its main supply network. Against the background of reduced blood supply, a headache occurs.	Accompanied by a disorder of motor and sensory function.

External causes

Pain in the back of the head can also be caused by a number of external causes, that is, factors that affect the body from the outside and cause any response. In most cases, the time of exposure to these external causes is short, and they do not cause chronic or irreversible restructuring of the body. However, it should be borne in mind that some toxic substances begin to cause a clinical picture only after a sufficiently long exposure and their removal from the body requires special measures.

External causes of neck pain

Name of the disease	Affected anatomical structure	Mechanism of pain	Features of the disease
*Poisoning with medicinal and toxic substances*	The heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, brain, and other internal organs may be affected.	Under the action of toxic substances, the function of internal organs is disrupted, pathological decay products accumulate in the body, which adversely affect the functioning of the brain and other vital organs. Against the background of this process, weakness, apathy, severe headaches are observed.	The clinical picture varies greatly depending on the toxic substance. In most cases, there is nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, impaired consciousness.
*Heat (sun)stroke*	Central nervous system.	With this pathology, the whole organism suffers, as overheating occurs, with which the normal physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation are not able to cope. As a result, the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is disrupted, and the central nervous system is also affected. There are various manifestations, among which a headache with localization in the back of the head may develop.	The main manifestation of the disease is redness of the skin, respiratory failure, disruption of the heart with the occurrence of fainting and weakness. Often there are disturbances of consciousness with hallucinations.

Injuries

Injuries to the bones, soft tissues and medulla in the back of the head are one of the most obvious and common causes of pain in this part of the body. It should be noted that due to the proximity of vital nerve centers, a severe trauma to the occiput is not in all cases manifested by headaches, since very often patients experience a loss or a serious impairment of consciousness with the development of a neurological deficit. In this case, completely different symptoms occur, and the subjective sensation of pain, which the patient is not able to report, is excluded from the clinical picture.

Usually, an injury to the back of the head occurs as a result of a blow with a blunt object, after a fall from a height, and also after traffic accidents. The strength, speed and direction of the impact, as well as the degree of tissue damage, play a decisive role in the prognosis of recovery after an injury.

Sequelae of neck injury

Name of the disease	Affected anatomical structure	Mechanism of pain	Features of the disease
*Brain concussion*	*Brain and meninges*	With a concussion of the brain, swelling of the nervous tissue develops, which disrupts its function and leads to an increase in intracranial pressure. As a result, pressure on sensitive nerve endings increases and a severe headache occurs.	Nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness may occur.
*Subluxation of the cervical vertebrae*	*Cervical vertebrae*	With subluxation, there is some displacement of the articular surfaces of the vertebrae relative to each other without a complete rupture of the ligamentous apparatus. In this case, the mobility of the neck is disturbed, there are severe pains in the area of dislocation, spreading to the back of the head. Pain is associated with irritation of the joint capsule, soft tissue edema, and compression of the spinal nerve roots.	The victim cannot turn his head, any movement in the cervical spine causes severe pain. To avoid further damage, the cervical region must be kept as still as possible, and at the first opportunity strengthened with a special collar.
*Soft tissue injury*	*Muscles and tendons of the neck*	When the muscles or tendons of the neck are torn or damaged, the occurrence of pain is associated with irritation of the nerve endings located in the thickness of these tissues.	There is local edema, the skin is in most cases damaged ( under the influence of a damaging factor).
*broken bones*	*Bones of the skull or cervical spine*	There is damage to the periosteum - a thin membrane covering the bones, in which there is a huge number of nerve endings. In addition, bone fragments have an irritating and traumatic effect on the surrounding soft tissues.	When probing the occipital part of the skull, it is possible to determine a bone defect corresponding to the area of the fracture.
*intracranial hemorrhage*	*intracranial vessels*	A severe head injury can cause one or more blood vessels to rupture, resulting in intracranial bleeding. At the same time, due to an increase in intracranial pressure and irritation of the meninges, a severe headache occurs, to which reflex immobility of the occipital region can join.	Bleeding is usually accompanied by focal impairment of neurological function ( changes in reflexes, visual disturbances, speech, movements).

Local diseases

Diseases of the skin and soft tissues of the occipital region are also possible causes of the development of pain syndrome with localization in this region. In most cases, these diseases appear on the skin, have an acute and rapid course, and therefore are easily diagnosed.

Pathology of the skin of the occipital region

Name of the disease	Affected anatomical structure	Mechanism of pain	Features of the disease
*Furuncle*	*hair follicle*	There is a purulent-necrotic inflammation of the hair follicle and surrounding tissues with the formation of pus. Pain occurs under the action of pro-inflammatory biologically active substances, as well as due to the pressure exerted by the contents on the skin.	Usually located in the neck, but can occur in any area where there is hair. In most cases, it is caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
*Abrasion*	*Superficial layers of the skin*	Under the influence of a traumatic factor and increased friction, a defect occurs in the surface layer of the skin, in which a large number of nerve endings are located.	Diagnosis is not a problem, as the patient usually remembers the moment of injury when he received the abrasion.
*Erysipelas of the scalp*	*Leather*	With the penetration of infectious agents into the thickness of the skin, an infectious-inflammatory process occurs, accompanied by swelling and redness of the skin, fever, headaches. In severe cases, ulcers and blisters may form.	Caused by pyogenic streptococci. Requires competent antibacterial treatment, and in case of ineffectiveness or severe course - surgical intervention.

Bone diseases

Congenital and acquired diseases of the bones of the skull are often manifested by pain, which can also be localized in the back of the head.

Diseases of the bones of the skull

Name of the disease	Mechanism of pain	Features of the disease
*Tumors of the skull bones*	Tumors are uncontrolled growth of a certain group of cells. In this case, some volumetric formation is formed, which extends to other areas and tissues. With tumors of the bones of the skull, compression of both the periosteum and the brain structures and meninges can occur, which is fraught with headaches. In addition, tumor processes are often accompanied by paraneoplastic syndrome, which occurs as a result of an immune reaction against tumor cells. With this syndrome, various neurological, metabolic, hormonal and electrolyte disorders can occur, which can also be accompanied by pain in the back of the head.	Primary tumors grow relatively slowly, but the disease is difficult to diagnose in the early stages. Sometimes during this period pain is the first and only symptom.
*Paget's disease*	Due to a violation of the processes of growth and organization of bone tissue, dystrophic deformation of the bones of the skull occurs.	Other bones in the body may also be affected. In most cases, the disease does not manifest itself in any way and is detected by chance.
*Periostitis*	With this disease, infectious agents affect the periosteum. In this case, an inflammatory reaction occurs, which causes pain.	Other symptoms are fever, chills, redness of the skin over the inflamed area, general weakness, malaise, sweating.

infectious diseases

The group of infectious causes of pain in the back of the head should include serious contagious diseases that affect the nervous tissue or the membranes surrounding it. These diseases are extremely dangerous and require timely diagnosis and competent treatment.

Infectious diseases accompanied by pain in the back of the head

Name of the disease	Affected anatomical structure	Mechanism of pain	Features of the disease
*Meningitis*	*Meninges*	Infectious agents cause inflammation of the meninges, which leads to increased production of cerebrospinal fluid with increased intracranial pressure, which causes severe headache. In most cases, the pain covers the entire head. However, due to the reflex spasm of the muscles of the neck, pain in this area may be somewhat prominent ( especially when trying to tilt your head forward).	With damage to the meninges and brain, in addition to severe headache, nausea and uncontrolled vomiting, photophobia, and focal neurological symptoms ( vision, hearing, movement disorders, etc.). The most striking signs of damage to the meninges are the inability to press the chin to the chest, the inability to raise the straight leg while lying down, and pain when pressing on the pubic symphysis ( all these manipulations cause stretching of the meninges).
*Encephalitis*	*medulla*	With an infectious lesion of the medulla, the basis of the clinical picture is neurological symptoms, but after a while the same manifestations occur as with meningitis. In this case, pain in the back of the head also occurs due to muscle contraction.

Psychogenic pain in the neck

Psychogenic pains are pains that do not have any organic cause and are associated solely with the psycho-emotional state of a person. Usually this type of pain syndrome occurs after severe stress or overwork. Previously, such diseases were classified as hysterical disorders, but at the moment they are defined more as conversion ( transmutation of repressed experiences through the unconscious level) or functional impairment. They are characterized by a variety of symptoms that can vary significantly not only in different patients, but also in the same patient in different situations. These pains disappear during sleep, in a state of hypnosis, and also when the human consciousness is distracted by something else.

Despite the fact that these pains do not have a clear organic substrate, they should not be taken lightly. In most cases, people suffering from such functional disorders do it unconsciously and actually need medical help. However, it should be understood that with this ailment, conventional treatment and painkillers are ineffective. In most cases, treatment requires a course of psychotherapy.

Diseases of the internal organs

Not always pain in the back of the head is associated with pathologies of structures located in this region. Moreover, in some cases, pain syndrome occurs as one of the manifestations of the disease of internal organs. It should be understood that in this case, pain in the back of the head is only one, often quite uninformative sign.

Pain in the back of the head can occur with the following diseases of the internal organs:

Anemia. Anemia affects the red blood cells ( erythrocytes). In this case, either a quantitative defect occurs, or a qualitative one ( insufficient formation of hemoglobin). As a result, oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues is disrupted. In this case, there may be pain in the back of the head associated with insufficient oxygen supply to the brain and neck muscles.
Heart failure. In heart failure, the pumping function of the heart muscle is impaired. At the same time, the rate of blood circulation decreases and a situation arises in which the tissues receive less blood, and therefore oxygen, than they need. The result is headaches, general malaise, and other more serious symptoms.
Diabetes. In diabetes, headaches can occur due to the incorrect use of drugs aimed at lowering blood glucose levels. Too much decrease in sugar levels can provoke pain in the back of the head, clouding of consciousness, nausea, vomiting, sweating and other manifestations.

Diagnosis of the cause of neck pain

As noted above, neck pain can be caused by a variety of reasons. That is why the process of diagnosis, or, in fact, determining the cause of pain is perhaps the most important step. The more accurately the diagnosis can be made, the more effective the prescribed treatment will be. Since pain in the back of the head can accompany a variety of diseases, a lot of diagnostic tests may be required. In the process of diagnosis, doctors try to go from simple methods to complex ones. First, simple examinations are performed, which are done by a general practitioner in his office. According to this survey, other, more complex and expensive procedures are prescribed ( laboratory diagnostics, instrumental methods). At the very end, additional, narrowly focused tests may be needed to detect rare pathologies.

The main diagnostic methods used to determine the causes of pain in the back of the head are:

collection of anamnesis;
physical examination;
serological blood test;
lumbar puncture;
radiography;

Collection of anamnesis

Anamnesis is the information that the doctor receives by analyzing the patient's complaints and asking him various questions. With pain in the back of the head, this stage is very important, as it allows you to immediately assume or exclude some pathologies without additional research.

When taking anamnesis, it is important to obtain the following information from the patient:

age, as some diseases ( arteriosclerosis, hypertension) is more typical for older people;
occupation, since pain may be associated with occupational factors ( contact with toxins, noise, hypothermia or overheating, etc.);
moment of first onset of pain suddenly appeared or gradually increased);
the nature of the pain pulsating, constant, periodic, bursting, etc.);
concomitant symptoms, as they help to determine the underlying pathology ( swollen lymph nodes, pain in other parts of the body, fever, convulsions, etc.);
provoking factors, which are especially noticeable in migraine ( pain appears after a sharp light, sound, etc., and the patient usually notices this connection himself);
recent pathologies or chronic diseases.

The full information collected at this stage helps to correctly draw up a further research plan.

Physical examination

The physical examination is a series of simple manipulations that do not require much time or the use of additional equipment. As a rule, they are carried out by a general practitioner during the initial examination of the patient, immediately after the collection of anamnesis.

To determine the cause of pain in the back of the head, the following examination methods may be useful:

occiput palpation. When feeling the back of the head, you can detect an increase in pain. Then we are most likely talking about trauma or soft tissue diseases. Also at this stage, they try to detect enlarged lymph nodes, neck muscle tension ( sometimes accompanied by meningitis).
Nape examination. Careful examination of the scalp and upper neck helps detect scratches, bruises, and other soft tissue injuries. Sometimes it is possible to detect a boil in the stage of infiltration ( when the formation of pus has not yet occurred).
Pressure measurement. Blood pressure is measured without fail. If it is higher than 140/90 mmHg, hypertension may be the cause of the pain. High pressure ( systolic more than 160 - 180 mm Hg. Art.) requires urgent measures to lower it, as the risk of heart attack or stroke is high.
Temperature measurement. The presence of a high temperature usually indicates an inflammatory process. With meningitis, for example, the temperature rises rapidly and can reach 40 degrees or more. It is somewhat lower in other infectious diseases, as well as in suppuration in soft tissues.
head tilts. The pain may be aggravated by tilting the head, if the problem is the infringement of the spinal roots in the cervical spine. Severe pain when bending head forward while lying down ( chin touches chest) is a sign of meningitis.

General blood analysis

A general blood test reflects the number of certain cells. Blood for this analysis is usually taken from a finger. Eating does not greatly affect the concentration of blood cells. This analysis is mandatory during hospitalization, as it provides general information about the work of the body. With pain in the back of the head, he is unlikely to make a final diagnosis, but will tell you what other studies are needed.

The following indicators are of the greatest importance in the general blood test:

RBC level. With a reduced level of red blood cells, anemia is diagnosed, which can cause pain in the back of the head.
WBC level. A high level of white blood cells usually indicates an intense inflammatory process or infection.
Platelet level. The ability of blood to clot depends on the level of platelets. Its increase indicates the possibility of a stroke.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) . An increase in ESR above 15 mm / h ( for pregnant women, the norm is up to 25 - 30 mm / h) usually indicates an inflammatory process or infection.

Blood chemistry

A biochemical blood test determines the amount of various substances. It can vary greatly with various pathologies. In general, biochemical analysis reflects the work of internal organs. As noted above, some diseases can lead to pain in the back of the head. Therefore, in order to make an accurate diagnosis, it is important to know exactly which organ or system is affected.

The following indicators play an important role in interpreting the result:

Before donating blood for biochemical analysis, it is not allowed to eat, smoke or drink alcohol ( within 8 to 10 hours before blood sampling). Otherwise, the result will be distorted.

Serological blood test

A serological blood test allows you to identify the antigens of various infections or antibodies to these antigens. This can confirm the diagnosis of some infectious diseases. Once the type of infection has been determined, appropriate antibiotics can be prescribed. This will reduce the inflammatory process in the meninges and eliminate pain.

Lumbar puncture

Lumbar puncture is an injection between the lumbar vertebrae, in which the needle enters the subarachnoid space. The purpose of a diagnostic puncture is to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid. Since it circulates freely in the cavities of the brain and spinal cord, this analysis can be used to draw conclusions about the pathological processes in the skull. A sample of cerebrospinal fluid is also subjected to serological, biochemical and microscopic examination.

For pain in the back of the head, a lumbar puncture can provide the following information:

Glucose level. The level of glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid is normally about 2.8 - 3.9 mmol / l, or half of the glucose content in the blood. With tuberculous meningitis, for example, the level of glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid drops.
Protein level. The normal level of protein is 0.16 - 0.33 g / l. Its amount may decrease or increase depending on the type of pathological process.
WBC level. Strongly increases with infectious processes in the brain. Lymphocytes increase with tuberculosis, a fungal or viral infection, and neutrophils with a bacterial infection ( meningococcal infection, neurosyphilis, etc.). Lymphocytes and neutrophils are types of leukocytes, white blood cells.
RBC level. The detection of erythrocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid indicates the ingress of blood. This usually occurs when blood vessels rupture or after trauma to the skull or spine.
Liquor transparency. Normally, the cerebrospinal fluid has no color and is only slightly cloudy. Pronounced turbidity, the acquisition of a yellowish tint, or the appearance of flakes of pus indicates an infection.
Pressure in the spinal canal. If during the puncture the cerebrospinal fluid flows out under pressure ( when measuring more than 200 mm of water column), this speaks in favor of increased intracranial pressure or meningitis.
Microscopic and serological analysis. It is carried out to detect microorganisms and their antigens. If bacteria or virus antigens are found in the cerebrospinal fluid, this may indicate an infectious process in the cranial cavity, which causes pain in the back of the head. In particular, meningococcal meningitis, tuberculous meningitis and other infections can be detected and confirmed this way.

Lumbar puncture is thus a very informative test that can confirm or rule out many different diagnoses. However, due to the complexity of implementation and the risk of possible complications ( increased headaches, infection, etc.) is rarely used. Usually they try to prescribe safer and simpler procedures first.

Radiography

Radiography is the study of body tissues using x-rays. This study is very common, painless and quite safe ( the dose of radiation received does not cause any harm to a healthy person). Pictures are taken in direct and lateral projection.

X-rays for pain in the back of the head can help identify the following pathologies:

fissures of the occipital bone;
fractures;
formations in brain tissue tumors, hematomas);
bone density ( may be impaired in some systemic or genetic diseases);
curvature of the spine in the cervical region.

CT scan

CT scan ( CT) also uses X-rays. However, in this case, a series of images is taken in different projections, and the data obtained are processed using a computer. The result is a series of virtual slices. On the tomogram, in comparison with the radiograph, various anatomical formations are much better visible. With the introduction of special contrast agents, vascular aneurysms and other minor defects can be detected. Currently, there are a number of modifications of X-ray computed tomography, which can be prescribed in various situations.

For pain in the back of the head, CT is prescribed if there is reason to assume formations in the cranial cavity, or in case of head injuries. Without indications, the appointment of CT is unreasonable due to the high cost and complexity of the study.

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRI is used in the same cases as CT, but allows visualization of other anatomical structures and with greater accuracy. The method is based on registration of the electromagnetic response of atomic nuclei ( usually hydrogen). Simply put, the tissues in the image are separated based on the amount of fluid in them.

MRI allows you to evaluate not only the structure of tissues, but also the functioning of various systems. In particular, in some modes ( MR perfusion) you can set the degree of blood supply to a particular department. This study is very informative, but also very expensive. Therefore, it is prescribed only in cases where other diagnostic methods have not been able to detect the cause of pain, and empirical treatment ( assigned on the basis of available data) Does not help.

Doppler study

Cerebral Doppler is a study aimed at measuring the intensity of blood flow. It is completely painless and does not take much time. Special sensors are installed on the projection of the passage of large vessels, which measure the speed of blood flow using ultrasound. Based on the data obtained, conclusions can be drawn about vascular tone, the presence of oxygen starvation of tissues and other pathological processes. This research method is prescribed for suspected hypertension in the arteries of the brain, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral aneurysms, migraine.

Electroencephalography

This method is aimed at studying the electrical activity of the brain. It is also painless and the cost is relatively low. Special sensors are placed on the patient's head to detect electrical vibrations in various projections. The data is processed by a computer, and the brain activity is recorded in a certain period of time. EEG is a completely safe and painless research method.

Using this method, you can get the following data:

assessment of the state of the brain after injury;
disorders of blood circulation in the brain tissues;
stroke risk assessment;
inflammation in the brain meningitis, encephalitis);
detection of neoplasms.

How to get rid of neck pain?

Treatment of pain in the back of the head is primarily aimed at eliminating the pain itself. The problem is that some pain ( such as migraine or high blood pressure) do not disappear when taking conventional painkillers. In these cases, the use of other medicines is required. Thus, in the treatment of pain in the back of the head, one should proceed primarily from the causes of these pains.

At the first stage, the patient should contact the family doctor or therapist, who will first determine the cause. At the same time, they can try to relieve pain with conventional painkillers. Most often, it is these specialists who manage to understand the situation and help the patient. To prevent the occurrence of pain in the back of the head, more serious treatment may be prescribed in the future. Its task is not to eliminate the pain itself, but to eliminate the causes that cause it.

Most often in medical practice it is necessary to treat pain in the back of the head caused by the following reasons:

Hypertensive crisis

All patients who have an increase in blood pressure are divided into 2 groups - uncomplicated hypertensive crisis and complicated. In both cases, pain in the back of the head of varying intensity may appear. To eliminate it, you need to reduce the pressure. Depending on the clinical manifestations, patients receive medical care in the appropriate amount.

In the treatment of uncomplicated hypertensive crisis, the following tactics are followed:

hospitalization is usually not necessary;
hypertensive crisis is treated with oral medications ( pills);
sources of strong irritants are eliminated ( noise, light, smells) and provide access to fresh air;
it is desirable for the patient to take a semi-sitting position in bed;
every 15-30 minutes blood pressure ( HELL) and heart rate ( pulse) are measured repeatedly until the general condition improves;
it is recommended to reduce the pressure slowly, within 1 hour or two;
if the blood pressure figures remain elevated, the medication is repeated after half an hour;
after the condition improves, contact your doctor to prescribe adequate therapy with long-acting antihypertensive drugs.

Drug treatment of pain in the back of the head against the background of a hypertensive crisis

Name of the drug	Composition and form of release	Dosage and regimen
*Captopril* *(Capoten)*	Tablets 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg	Sublingual ( under the tongue), orally at 25, 50 mg. The effect develops in 10 - 15 minutes. The pressure is reduced for 4 - 5 hours. Contraindicated in pregnancy.
*Nifedipine* *(Cordaflex, Corinfar)*	10 mg tablets	Sublingually, orally, 5 or 10 mg. The pressure is reduced for 4 - 5 hours. May be used in pregnant women. Contraindicated in fast heart rate more than 80 beats per minute), symptoms of cerebrovascular accident, decompensation of heart failure.
*Moxonidine* *(Physiotens)*	Tablets 0.2 mg, 0.3 mg, 0.4 mg	Sublingually, orally, 0.2 - 0.4 mg.
*propranolol* *(Anaprilin, Obzidan)*	Tablets of 10, 40 mg	Indicated for fast heart rate more than 80 beats per minute) orally at 40 mg. The drug is contraindicated at heart rate less than 55 per minute.
*Clonidine* *(Clonidine)*	Tablets 75 mcg, 150 mcg	Orally 150 mcg.

With concomitant pain in the heart, nitroglycerin is used under the tongue. In order to reduce anxiety and excitability, you can take Corvalol ( 30 - 40 drops) or 20 drops of valerian root infusion, diluted in warm water.

Complicated hypertensive crisis is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent medical attention. Treatment of this pathology is carried out in a hospital, in the intensive care unit or intensive care unit, using parenteral administration of drugs ( injection form). Pain in the back of the head in this case fades into the background, as there is a threat to the life of the patient.

The following groups of pharmacological preparations are used:

vasodilators ( sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, enalaprilat);
antiadrenergic drugs ( phentolamine);
diuretics, or diuretics ( furosemide);
neuroleptics ( droperidol).

But first aid should be started before the arrival of the cardiological team, since it is necessary to reduce blood pressure in this condition in a shorter period of time ( reduce mean BP by at least 25% within 30 to 60 minutes) to prevent irreversible consequences. When the above activities are performed, the chances of a successful outcome are significantly increased.

A similar tactic for treating pain in the back of the head will be with hypertensive encephalopathy. The basis of the treatment of hypertensive encephalopathy is the normalization of blood pressure for a long time. Regular long-term use of antihypertensive drugs without sudden interruption of treatment is very important. Otherwise, the pain in the back of the head may return or intensify.

Antiplatelet therapy, nootropic drugs, drugs for the treatment of astheno-depressive syndrome are used. Medicines are prescribed in a complex, long courses of 1-3 months.

Antiplatelet therapy(for the prevention of thrombosis)includes the following drugs:

acetylsalicylic acid ( aspirin) at a dose of 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg 1 time per day;
clopidogrel ( Plavix, Lopirel) 75 mg 1 time per day;
dipyridamole ( Curantyl) tablets 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 75 mg is used 3-4 times a day.

From nootropics(to improve cognitive functions and metabolism in the brain)the following means apply:

piracetam ( Memotropil, Lucetam) tablets of 0.8 - 1.2 g 2 - 3 times a day;
vinpocetine ( Cavinton) tablets of 5-10 mg 2-3 times a day;
nicergoline ( Sermion) tablets 5-10 mg 3 times a day.

From the group of antidepressants(to correct disorders in the emotional sphere)the following drugs may be prescribed:

amitriptyline ( Saroten retard) 25 mg 1-2 tablets at night;
imipramine ( Melipramine) 25 mg 1-3 times a day;
sertraline ( Zoloft, Stimuloton) 50 mg, 100 mg - 1 tablet per day.

A complete treatment of hypertension and hypertensive encephalopathy is selected individually by the attending physician. Doses and groups of drugs may be different in each case. Properly selected complex treatment will effectively relieve the patient from periodic pain in the back of the head.

Crack or fracture of the occipital bone

Treatment of an occipital bone injury depends on the type of injury, the age of the victim, and the symptoms that develop as a result of such injuries. The pain syndrome in this case is very strong, so they try to ease it as a matter of urgency. The victim must be hospitalized in the neurosurgical department. If consciousness is preserved, they are transported in a horizontal position, with the head fixed. In case of damage to soft tissues, an aseptic bandage is applied. If the victim is unconscious, he is laid in a half-turn position and his head is turned to one side. This position helps to avoid aspiration ( fluid inhalation) in case of vomiting.

Depending on the severity of the injury, conservative or surgical treatment is required. When a doctor diagnoses an occipital bone fracture and there is no displacement of bone fragments, the treatment will be conservative. Mandatory are consultations of a neurologist, ENT doctor, ophthalmologist, surgeon. Strict bed rest is prescribed for 7-14 days, the head is given an elevated position. The load in the form of watching TV, reading, computer games is excluded.

The following medicines are used for treatment:

Pain relief drugs. For pain relief, it is undesirable to use drugs from the group of non-narcotic analgesics ( painkillers) to prevent respiratory depression. The most commonly prescribed drugs are from the group of NSAIDs ( non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) . These include ketoprofen ( intramuscularly or intravenously) 50 mg or 2 ml three times a day, ketorolac ( Ketanov) intramuscularly 30 mg twice a day, diclofenac intramuscularly - 75 mg once a day.
Antibacterial drugs. With cracks, a rupture of the dura mater is possible. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed to prevent purulent intracranial complications. The drugs are used for intramuscular, intravenous administration and endolumbally ( insertion in the form of a puncture into the spinal canal). The choice of a broad-spectrum antibiotic is made according to the situation.
Dehydration therapy. Most often, a fracture of the occipital bone is accompanied by damage to the medulla ( concussion or injury) with the development of local cerebral edema. The drug of choice for dehydration therapy is diacarb, since its use reduces the production of cerebrospinal fluid. It is available in tablets of 250 mg. Assigned to 1 tablet 1 to 3 times a day. You can also use the diuretic drug furosemide in tablets of 40 mg 1 time per day or an injection form for intramuscular or intravenous administration of 20 mg.

Severe injuries require surgical treatment. The fact is that damage to the occipital bone rarely occurs in isolation. Often there is a combined injury to the occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid and temporal bones ( these bones form the base of the skull). Such injuries are considered the most severe and can be fatal. Displaced fractures ( fragments are displaced more than 1 cm into the cranial cavity) and depressed fractures must be treated surgically. Surgical intervention is performed under general anesthesia, craniotomy is performed ( opening in the skull), remove foreign bodies, bone fragments, destroyed and dead tissue. In the postoperative period, narcotic painkillers can be used to relieve pain.

Meningitis

All patients with suspected meningitis, regardless of the microorganism that caused it, must be hospitalized either in an infectious or in a specialized neuroinfectious department. At the prehospital stage, without examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, it is difficult to differentiate serous from purulent meningitis or exclude any complications. To eliminate pain in the back of the head with meningitis, it is necessary to reduce inflammation, normalize intracranial pressure, and lower body temperature. Therefore, the treatment will be complex.

Treatment, depending on the developing symptoms and the patient's condition, is carried out in the following areas:

antibacterial drugs;
treatment of infectious-toxic shock;
treatment of cerebral edema;
relief of seizures.

All drugs are administered intravenously. If intravenous access is not possible, injections are given intramuscularly.

If you suspect the most common, meningococcal meningitis, the following treatment is prescribed:

To lower body temperature - metamizole sodium ( Analgin) 50% 0.1 ml / year in children, in adults - 2 ml; diphenhydramine 1% 0.1 ml / year in children, in adults 2 - 3 ml; papaverine 2% 0.1 ml/year in children, in adults 2 ml.
Diuretics are prescribed to reduce intracranial pressure. Furosemide in children 1-2 mg / kg / 24 hours or 20 mg / 2 ml intravenously, for adults - 40 mg.
To relieve seizures - diazepam 0.5% 2 - 4 ml solution, children 0.1 - 0.2 ml / year.
With signs of cerebral edema, glucocorticoid drugs are prescribed. The most common are prednisolone ( 1 - 2 mg/kg) and dexamethasone ( 0.5 mg/kg). For adults - dexamethasone 20 - 24 mg.
In severe cases, oxygen therapy may also be needed ( oxygen) to maintain breathing.

With the development of signs of infectious-toxic shock and cerebral edema, a more intensive course of treatment is prescribed:

dexamethasone 20 - 24 mg intravenously in adults, in children 5 - 10 mg / kg;
chloramphenicol ( chloramphenicol- 1 g intravenously in adults, in children at a dose of 25 mg / kg, or cefotaxime 50 mg / kg in children and 1 - 2 g in adults;
furosemide 20 mg / 2 ml intravenously, 40 mg in adults and 1-2 mg / kg in children;
diazepam ( Relanium, Apaurin) 0.5% 2 - 4 ml solution in adults, and in children - 1 mg / kg;
oxygen therapy.

Such an intensive course of treatment normalizes intracranial pressure, relieves inflammation of the dura mater, eliminates its irritation with microbial toxins. As a result, the headache is also reduced.

Migraine

When the first signs of an approaching migraine attack appear, it is necessary to interrupt the effect of exciting factors. These irritating stimuli can be loud noises, bright lights, activities that are accompanied by excessive physical or mental stress. If possible, you need to stop work and create conditions under which you can remain in silence for several hours, and take the medicine on time. Very often, these measures are enough to successfully cope with an attack and return to their normal activities after 2 hours.

The current recommendation is to use a stratified approach in the treatment of migraine. This method is based on assessing the degree of influence of migraine on daily activities and assessing the severity of the disease. All patients are divided into 4 groups, from group I with mild headache to group IV with severe maladjustment in everyday life and intense headache. Each group uses its own drugs.

For patients with mild migraine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually effective ( NSAIDs) and paracetamol. They give a fairly quick and stable elimination of pain, provided that the irritating external factors mentioned above are eliminated.

The following drugs are most often used in the treatment of mild forms of migraine:

paracetamol tablets 500 mg ( Panadol, Efferalgan, Daleron);
ibuprofen tablets 400 mg ( Nurofen, Mig 400, Advil);
diclofenac tablets, suppositories 50 mg, 100 mg ( Voltaren, Naklofen);
ketorolac tablets 10 mg ( Ketanov, Ketolak);
naproxen tablets 250 mg and 550 mg ( Nalgezin, Naproxen).

In the treatment of migraine attacks with moderate intensity, drugs from the NSAID group can also be used. In the absence of effect, they resort to combined preparations that contain NSAIDs and caffeine or codeine.

Of these combined drugs for the treatment of migraine, the following drugs are most common:

caffetin;
sedalgin;
spazmoveralgin.

Ergot preparations are also effective. Of these, ergotamine is often used ( Caffetamine, Nomigren) 1-2 tablets during an attack. An alternative remedy is Dihydroergotamine ( used in the form of tablets 2.5 mg up to 4 tablets per day, in drops of 20 drops - 2 mg or as a nasal spray).

In situations where migraine is accompanied by pain of high intensity, triptan drugs are used, and in some cases, opioid analgesics.

Of the opioid analgesics, the following drugs are used in the treatment of severe migraine attacks:

tramadol in tablets of 50 or 100 mg, injectable forms of 50 or 100 mg for intramuscular injection;
combined preparations - tramadol with paracetamol ( Zaldiar, Ramlepsa), which give excellent results for the rapid improvement of the patient's condition.

Triptans are a group of drugs that are considered the "gold standard" in the treatment of migraine attacks. The drugs are used to stop the attack, to prevent it, and also prevent the chronicity of migraine pain.

Of the triptan drugs, the following are most effective:

sumatriptan ( Imigran, Trimigren, Sumamigren) - used in the form of tablets, suppositories and nasal spray;
eletriptan ( Relpax) tablets 40 mg;
zolmitriptan ( Zomig) tablets 2.5 mg.

The following rules have been developed for taking these drugs. With an approaching attack, it is recommended to drink 1 tablet ( minimum dose). If the pain is completely gone within 2 hours, you can return to your daily activities. If the pain has decreased after 2 hours, but has not disappeared completely, it is recommended to take another tablet. At the next attack, you can immediately apply a double dose of the drug. In cases where the drug does not relieve a migraine attack, the drug is recognized as ineffective and they switch to other drugs from a number of triptans or choose another manufacturer. There are also contraindications to the use of triptans. They are not used in children and patients over 65 years of age. Also contraindications are high blood pressure, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis of the lower extremities, breastfeeding, pregnancy.

If severe attacks of migraine pain are accompanied by vomiting or nausea, the following antiemetics are recommended:

domperidone ( Damelium, Motilium a) 10 mg tablets are taken 3 times a day;
metoclopramide ( Cerucal) tablets of 10 mg 3 times a day.

Increased intracranial pressure

By and large, intracranial pressure is more of a syndrome than an independent disease. It usually develops against the background of other pathologies. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease, the consequence of which is already an increase in intracranial pressure.

There are a number of general recommendations that will reduce headaches in this pathology. It is necessary to reduce fluid intake, adhere to a diet with salt restriction, try not to overheat.

In parallel, the following symptomatic agents are used to lower the level of ICP (intracranial pressure) and maintain the normal functional state of the brain tissue:

Diuretics. Diuretics remove excess fluid, which reduces the production of CSF and reduces ICP. Furosemide 40 mg 1 to 2 times a day or acetazolamide is recommended ( Diakarb) 250 mg 1-2 times a day. Potassium preparations are used with diuretics ( Asparkam, Panangin) 1 tablet 3 times a day.
Nootropic drugs. Of this group of drugs, hopantenic acid is the most effective ( Pantogam) 250 - 500 mg 0.5 - 1 g 2 - 3 times a day, piracetam 800 mg - 1.2 g 2 - 3 times a day, cinnarizine ( Stugeron) 25 mg 3 times a day.
Corticosteroids. Corticosteroids eliminate swelling of the brain tissue that occurs as a result of meningitis or tumors. For example, for dexamethasone, the average maintenance dose is 2-4.5 mg divided into 2 doses.

Of the additional methods of treatment, manual therapy, therapeutic exercises, acupuncture, physiotherapy methods are used. In the absence of a visible cause, ICP should be observed by a neurologist, it is possible to use individual treatment regimens. The pain in the back of the head usually goes away as the pressure decreases.

concussion

All victims with severe pain in the back of the head after a traumatic brain injury must be examined by a doctor - a neurosurgeon, a neuropathologist, an ophthalmologist. Only a doctor can competently determine the severity of the injury and, according to the results of the examination, prescribe treatment ( at home or in hospital). The main task is to create psycho-emotional peace. Bed rest is desirable to comply with 5 - 7 days. It is especially important to adhere to this recommendation in the first 24 hours after the injury, since complications most often develop in the first day. Watching TV, playing computer games, reading, listening to loud music should be avoided. A special diet for concussion is not required, but you need to exclude alcohol, caffeine, strong tea, reduce the consumption of sweet foods.

Medications are prescribed for the following purposes:

Relief of pain syndrome is necessary only for severe pain. Otherwise, the pain may go away on its own in a few days. Of the drugs used paracetamol ( Panadol, Daleron, Efferalgan) - tablets 500 mg 4 times a day, ibuprofen ( Nurofen, Faspik) - tablets of 400 mg up to 3 times a day.
Sedative drugs calm the patient, improve the restoration of the functions of the nervous system during sleep. In these mudflows, you can use an infusion of valerian root 20-30 drops 3-4 times a day, an infusion of motherwort 30-50 drops 3-4 times a day, phenobarbital 100 mg in tablets 1-2 at bedtime as anticonvulsant prophylaxis and for the treatment of insomnia.
Nootropic drugs increase the resistance of the brain to trauma, hypoxia ( oxygen starvation), improve cerebral circulation and mental activity. The most effective are vinpocetine ( Cavinton) - tablets 5-10 mg 2-3 times a day, cinnarizine ( Stugeron) - tablets 25 mg 2 tablets 3 times a day, glycine - tablets 100 mg 2-3 times a day, piracetam ( Nootropil, Lucetam) - tablets 400 mg, 800 mg, 1200 mg, 1.2-2.4 g per day, divided into 2-3 doses.

Heat or sunstroke

Heat stroke and sunstroke are a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. The pain in the back of the head in this case will pass by itself after all the necessary medical measures have been taken. Pain medication is usually not required.

First of all, it is necessary to stop exposure to high temperatures. Move the victim away from a heat source or, if overheating occurred as a result of prolonged insolation ( solar exposure), in a shade or cool room.
Lay the patient in a horizontal position on his back with his head elevated.
Before the arrival of an ambulance, reduce body temperature. The patient must be freed from outer clothing and elements that squeeze it - a tie, belts, unbutton the shirt collar. You can wrap the victim in a damp sheet or wipe with cool water, turn on the fan.
Dehydration is characteristic of all thermal damage, which requires restoration of the water-alkaline balance. With preserved consciousness, they give a drink a solution of rehydron or hydrovit ( 1 sachet of the drug is diluted per liter of boiled chilled water). In the absence of these funds, you can dilute 2 tablespoons of sugar in a liter of water and a teaspoon of salt and soda, stir until completely dissolved and drink the victim with this solution. You need to drink liquid in small sips so as not to provoke vomiting.
If vomiting develops, the airways are freed from vomit, the head is turned to one side.

It is not recommended to give the victim alcohol, coffee, sweet carbonated drinks. Also, do not rub the skin with alcohol, since as a result of these manipulations, the skin pores close and the heat transfer slows down. The assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken can be the restoration of consciousness and the normalization of body temperature. Pain in the back of the head, which will bother the patient for some time ( hours, rarely days) will go away on its own. The use of painkillers is not prohibited, but may not have the desired effect. This takes time.

Furuncle

When choosing methods for treating a boil, it is necessary to be guided by the stage of its development, localization, the number of purulent elements and possible complications. A single uncomplicated boil is preferably treated on an outpatient basis, that is, in a clinic with a surgeon. With timely treatment, it is possible to limit the use of local preparations and avoid surgical intervention.

In the treatment of boils before contacting a doctor, the following rules should be followed:

do not use warm compresses or procedures to accelerate the maturation of the element, since such manipulations can lead to the spread of the process;
boils should not be squeezed out, since in this case pus can penetrate deeper under the skin.

At home, single uncomplicated boils are treated. The most commonly used local treatment with local preparations. In the stage of infiltration ( the first 2 - 3 days after the appearance of the boil) the affected area of the skin is treated with ethyl alcohol 70%. You can also use salicylic alcohol 2%. After disinfection of the skin, the element is cauterized with a five percent iodine solution. Antibacterial drugs for a single uncomplicated boil are used in the form of water-soluble ointments. Effective treatment requires drugs that have activity against Staphylococcus aureus ( Staphylococcus aureus), since most often these bacteria are the cause of the development of boils.

The following antibiotics are most effective in conservative treatment:

mupirocin 2% ( Baktroban, Bonderm), which is used 2-3 times a day locally on the affected area of the skin;
tetracycline ointment 3% topically 3-5 times a day;
ointment with chloramphenicol Levomekol, Synthomycin).

In case of fever, you can take paracetamol 500 mg or ibuprofen 400 mg. They will also relieve pain. However, the skin on the back of the head can still hurt when you turn your head or touch it. The pain will completely disappear only after the elimination of the inflammatory process and resorption ( or removal) pus.

When the furuncle passes into the purulent-necrotic stage, surgical treatment is indicated.
The operation is performed under local anesthesia ( Lidocaine, Trimecaine). The abscess is opened with the removal of purulent-necrotic masses, the wound is washed with a solution of hydrogen peroxide, antiseptic solutions ( Furacilin), the cavity is drained and a bandage with an antibacterial agent is applied. With the spread of the process or with deeper skin lesions, systemic antibiotics with antistaphylococcal activity are used.

For systemic use, the following drugs can be used:

cephalosporins I - II generation - cefazolin ( 1 g 2 - 3 times a day intramuscularly), cefuroxime ( 1.5 mg 2 times a day intramuscularly);
amoxicillin with clavulanic acid 875 mg 2 times a day);
fluoroquinolones - levofloxacin ( Tavanik) 500 mg orally 1-2 times a day or intravenously and moxifloxacin ( Avelox, Moxin) orally or intravenously, 400 mg 1 time per day.

With intense pain, as well as in the presence of concomitant diseases ( diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc.) inpatient treatment is recommended.

In general, the treatment of pain in the back of the head should be aimed at eliminating the cause of these pains. Sometimes the pain speaks only of temporary problems. Then it is easily removed with painkillers without any consequences. However, sometimes pain in the back of the head is the first symptom of serious diseases that can threaten the patient's life. Therefore, self-treatment especially prolonged, recurring and severe pain) Not recommended.

Features of pain in the back of the head

Why does the back of the head and eyes hurt?

In medical practice, quite often there are patients who have a combination of pain in the back of the head and in the eyes ( rarely in only one eye). The mechanism of occurrence of these pains usually affects any system ( circulatory or nervous). From an anatomical point of view, the connection between the eye and the back of the head is as follows. The cranial cavity communicates with the orbital cavity through a series of foramina. According to the law of communicating vessels, an increase in pressure in one cavity will increase and pressure in another. Accordingly, the causes of such pain are usually diseases that affect intracranial pressure.

Possible causes of pain in the back of the head and in the eyes are the following pathologies:

Hypertensive crisis. During a hypertensive crisis, blood pressure rises sharply. Among other symptoms often complain of pain in the head and eyes.
Migraine. Pi migraine pain occurs due to a violation of the vascular tone of the brain. Pain can be localized in various places ( sometimes in the eye area), so the combination of the back of the head-eye ( or just one eye) are also possible.
Head injury. After a head injury, even if there is no fracture or crack in the bones of the skull, a rupture of a small vessel may occur. Then a hematoma is formed in the cranial cavity and gradually increases - a cavity filled with blood. Gradually, the bleeding stops, but the hematoma resolves slowly. All this time, intracranial pressure remains elevated, causing pain.
Neoplasms in the cranial cavity. With tumors of the skull, intracranial pressure also increases. The larger the tumor in these cases, the usually stronger the pain.
Aneurysms. An aneurysm is a pathological expansion of a vessel in which blood stagnates. Growing aneurysm of the brain vessel, increasing, presses on the nervous tissue. Increases intracranial pressure, which can be transmitted to the eye sockets.

Also, similar pains can occur with some infectious processes. For example, when pathogens enter the bloodstream, the meninges are irritated, which can cause combined pain in the back of the head and in the eyes. Actually inflammation of the membranes of the brain ( such as meningococcal meningitis) also often gives such symptoms.

Why does the back of the head and neck hurt?

The back of the head and neck are closely spaced anatomical regions that share many structures from an anatomical point of view. For example, both of these areas are supplied with blood from the pool of some arteries ( we are talking about the soft tissues of the back of the head that cover the skull), innervated by the roots of the spinal nerves of the cervical region. Also under the skin are muscles that originate in the area of the shoulder blades and neck and are attached to the back of the head. Thus, pain in these areas is usually associated with diseases of the above anatomical structures, common to both the back of the head and the neck.

A similar combination of pain can be caused by the following pathologies:

furuncle or carbuncle- inflammation in soft tissues with accumulation of pus causes pain in the entire anatomical region;
injury– in case of blows, scratches or abrasions ( especially if the skin lesions are infected) pain can be throughout the entire healing period;
cervical osteochondrosis- salt deposits between the vertebrae leads to infringement of the spinal nerves;
displacement of the cervical vertebrae or herniated discs- also causes infringement of the roots;
epidemiological myalgia- pain in the muscles of the neck after some past infectious diseases;
myositis or fibrositis- inflammation and gradual death of muscle cells.

Also, neck pain can be caused by excessive tension in its muscles. This symptom occurs with meningitis ( typical of meningococcal meningitis, but may be seen in other bacterial meningitis). Neck muscle tension is due to the fact that head movements cause a sharp increase in pain.

In general, it can be concluded that combined pain in the neck and occiput is almost always the result of local rather than systemic pathological processes.

Why does the back of the head hurt and there is a temperature?

An increase in temperature with pain in the back of the head is a very important symptom in the diagnostic process. The fact is that fever often accompanies infectious diseases. The mechanism of its development is quite simple. Alien particles enter the bloodstream, which trigger a biochemical reaction. As a result of this reaction, pyrogens are formed - substances that can affect the thermoregulatory center in the brain. As a result, the body temperature rises.

The most common causes of pain in the back of the head and fever are the following diseases:

Thus, massage can be regarded as a means of treating pain in the back of the head only for certain pathologies. In case of problems with the cervical spine, it can reduce inflammation of the nerve roots by expanding the intervertebral spaces. Needs a deep enough massage. It should be performed only by a highly qualified masseur, chiropractor or vertebrologist, as there is a risk of even more pinched nerves and increased pain.

With a spasm of the neck muscles, several sessions of relaxing massage of the cervical-collar zone can improve blood circulation, normalize metabolism and relax the muscles. In this case, the pain will weaken, and over time it will disappear completely. Normalization of blood circulation can also be beneficial for pain caused by stagnation of blood and lymph.

What are folk remedies if the back of the head hurts?

Pain in the back of the head can have many different causes, so self-treatment of this symptom with the help of folk remedies is most often ineffective. Most medicinal plants that form the basis of such treatment can selectively act on blood vessels, the nervous system or inflammatory processes. However, by the nature of the pain alone, it is impossible to say what exactly is the cause. This requires a visit to a specialist and various studies ( analyses, instrumental examinations, etc.).

However, folk remedies can sometimes help. This concerns, first of all, those patients who already know their diagnosis. Pain in the back of the head they appear periodically, and their cause is known. In this case, it is quite possible to choose a suitable tool.

Against pain in the back of the head, the following traditional medicine recipes may be effective:

In general, it should be noted that the likelihood of the effectiveness of folk remedies is relatively small. With severe or prolonged pain in the back of the head, we are most likely talking about serious pathologies. For example, a severe migraine attack is unlikely to recede when taking medicinal herbs, and with meningitis, no folk remedy can cope with the inflammatory process. That is why patients are strongly advised to seek qualified medical care. This will help to exclude the most dangerous pathologies and will contribute to the early start of a full course of treatment.

The rhythm of modernity often does not allow you to relax, so overwork often leads to headaches. It is impossible to endure, it is necessary to take measures, coping either with folk remedies or by visiting a doctor.

Pain in the back of the head is easily confused with throbbing in the neck, since they are nearby. The back of the head is located above the neck and is responsible for the work of the eyeballs; with a severe injury to this area, loss of vision, partial or complete, is possible. If you often have a headache, it is quite possible that this is due to vision.

Right or left side is also important. Different parts of the head indicate different disorders.

Causes of neck pain

The back of the head hurts for various reasons. Common ones include:

Long sitting at the computer.
Monotony of performed motionless work.
Postponed head injuries.
Stressful state.
With hypertension.
Displacement of the cervical vertebra.
Cervical osteochondrosis.
Heart diseases.
Pressure (low, low, ocular, intracranial).
Neuralgia.
Vascular pain.
Myogelosis of the cervical region.

With a sedentary lifestyle, poor circulation is a source of pain in the back of the head or below. With cervical osteochondrosis or myositis - the most common pathologies of the spine - the pain radiates to the back of the head.

Myositis

It is formed when the neck is in an uncomfortable position, for example, if you sleep on a hard pillow. With a cold, you can also chill the muscles, the inflammatory process will begin. In some cases, it occurs as a result of trauma.

The best medicine for myositis is a complete state of rest. If you shake your head, the wild pain in the neck will immediately intensify and go to the back of the head. Sometimes pulling pains are felt in the shoulder or between the shoulder blades.

If you give up and treat yourself or even hope that everything will pass, then you can get a severe form in which a deformity is formed due to the displacement of the vertebrae, leading to the curvature of the neck (spastic torticollis).

Treatment is simple. Complete rest and adherence to the diet recommended by the doctor: without salty, sweet, smoked and spicy. Sometimes a specialized massage therapist is appointed.

In a pathological disease of the cerebral vessels, there is a violation of blood circulation in an acute or chronic manner. Acute disruption often leads to venous thrombosis. Chronic circulatory disorders are characterized by cerebral insufficiency.

Often pains in the upper part of the neck begin in the morning when you get up, immediately after waking up. The arteries of the brain as a result of spasms create a feeling of pulsation.

Aggravated by movement of the head, pains spread from the lower part of the occiput to the region of the eyebrows and forehead. The intensity of sensations subsides while maintaining stillness and rest.

Cervical osteochondrosis

Cervical osteochondrosis is a disease of the intervertebral discs. Soft tissues that fill the space in the vertebrae begin to ossify, leading to immobility of the entire cervical region.

Pathology manifests itself with a crunch and a bursting headache, masquerading as various pathologies. Definitely needs treatment. In the absence of attention, it turns into protrusion and intervertebral hernia, which are difficult to treat.

Stress

Stress is the cause of most diseases. Family troubles, problems at work, financial difficulties - and now the person is already upset, worried. As a result, there is tension transmitted to the head. Migraines start.

It should be as easy as possible to relate to the obstacles that arise and give yourself rest as often as possible. Just not watching TV (where stress, by the way, continues to accumulate, but already subconsciously), but doing sports or cultural entertainment.

Spondylosis of the cervical spine

Spondylosis is a chronic disease accompanied by deformation changes in the intervertebral disc structure. When localized in the cervical region, it leads to limited mobility and pain in the lower back of the head. Often, sharp pain and discomfort extends to the area of the shoulder blades and even the hands.

Treatment is aimed at improving blood circulation in the tissues of the cervical region. Acupuncture, physiotherapy, herbal medicines, etc. are usually used.

Intracranial pressure

A fairly common diagnosis, characterized by an excess or lack of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranium. Accompanied by many unpleasant symptoms:

presses on the eyes;
ache in the back of the head;
gives to the neck when turning the head, sneezing, coughing, laughing, physical exertion (affecting the cervical and adjacent sections);
pawns ears;
the temperature rises.

For the treatment of the disease, diagnostics is very important, which allows you to correctly select the procedures and drugs for recovery. If a tumor is found, an operation is prescribed. In addition, various drugs that allow you to normalize the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

cervical myogelosis

Sedentary work and a sedentary lifestyle lead to pathologies in the human body. So, there is a seal of muscle tissue on the neck. Mobility is limited, there are headaches that press on the back of the head, and other unpleasant sensations.

About that, the attending physician will tell. Usually the treatment is conservative - independent exercises that can be done at home, massage, manual and physiotherapy. Maintain physical activity, and you will get rid of the disease.

It could be neuralgia

Pressure in the back of the head appears as a result of a pinched nerve. The causes of neuralgia of the occipital nerve are:

hypothermia of heated ligaments;
nerve compression during exercise;
infections;
tumors located locally in the neck and neck;
stress, etc.

Neuralgia is usually characterized by paroxysmal occipital pain. Often very pronounced and on the right side. It requires a mandatory consultation of a specialist for the appointment of examination and treatment.

malocclusion

Violation of the bite, oddly enough, can also be the culprit of squeezing pain in the back of the head. The base of the lower jaw presses into the back of the head, causing excessive tone of the muscles of the face and neck. Over time, tension causes migraines.

Malocclusion leads to many problems that may not be noticeable in youth, but will make themselves felt with age. Therefore, it is important to visit not only the dentist, but also the orthodontist. Pressing pain is curable, it is important to find its causes in time.

Hypertension

Hypertension is a chronic form of high blood pressure. This is an extremely dangerous disease that requires constant monitoring. It entails other diseases - thrombocytosis, myocardial sclerosis, etc.

In addition to heaviness in the back of the head and neck, high blood pressure is accompanied by dizziness, throbbing in the head, vomiting, weakness, and palpitations. It is impossible to completely get rid of the disease today. However, the back of the head can also be reduced so much that the likelihood of other pathologies on the background of hypertension will decrease, and the disease itself will not bother.

Occupational headaches

Unfortunately, even under normal pressure, there may be violations. So, few people get only positive emotions from work. Most people get overtired by the evening, get stressed and other unpleasant things.

Not to mention that there are professions that, in principle, tend to cause headaches in the back of the head. Especially often this happens when a person has a predisposition to migraines.

Who is at risk:

knowledge workers (for example, scientists);
for mental reasons;
in people working in noisy industries;
at work that requires a lot of mental stress (for example, where it is important to make decisions quickly);

All of them are associated with tension in the back of the head.

Varieties of pain syndrome

Of course, pain is perceived by each person very individually. People can describe the same sensations in different ways. However, there are some general classifications of pain syndrome. So, pain can be:

Strong pain

With burning sensations, a person can no longer do the usual things. Everything fades into the background.

In no case should you tolerate or simply take painkillers. It is important to understand that a severe headache does not just appear, and analgesics do not cure, but only deceive the body, which clearly warns of a problem.

Intense sudden pain can be caused by a tumor, neuralgia. All this means that you need the supervision of a qualified specialist who will tell you how to treat the pathology.

With nausea

As a rule, nausea accompanies severe and prolonged attacks. If the back of the head hurts and feels sick for more than 4 hours, then you should consult a doctor.

Periodic pain with nausea often indicates various diseases: hypertension, brain tumors, pregnancy or poisoning.

Sharp and short

The back of the head may hurt sharply and for a short time, for example, during exercise. Usually, with a single appearance, the alarm is not sounded. But it will not be superfluous to see a doctor, especially if there are other symptoms.

Pulsating, radiates to the neck and eyes

Throbbing pain in the back of the head and neck, as a reaction to prolonged exposure to irritants on the human body, is quite common. After the cessation of the influence of negative factors, the sensations disappear.

In some cases, such a migraine can be a syndrome:

blood accumulations;
neuralgia;
due to injury;
inflammation due to hypothermia, etc.

Constant heaviness (aching, dull pain)

This often indicates a strong physical or mental strain. In this state, a person usually continues business.

Often the back of the head aches or tingles every day. For this reason, the quality of human life is deteriorating. The condition becomes unbearable. Moderate but regular aching headache or tingling indicates that you are overworked

Presses the back of the head

Pain behind the ears and a feeling of pressure is associated with vegetovascular dystonia (or with overwork). This diagnosis was made in more than 50% of the population.

The disease is chronic. However, it is easily corrected with a healthy lifestyle.

shoots

Usually associated with neuralgia. These are intense pronounced sensations that periodically appear, intensifying with stress, mental and physical stress.

Diagnosis and treatment

Pain in the back of the head and aches, due to their diverse nature, require careful diagnosis to identify the true cause. For this use:

collection of anamnesis;
blood pressure control;
consultation of an ophthalmologist and other narrow specialists;
physiological examination of the patient.

After identifying the cause, treatment is prescribed, which includes, depending on the pathology:

In some cases, it's fine:

folk ways from healers;
including rubbing;
lotions;
diet and;
exercises.

This means that you began to correct the situation with nervous excitement in time, and even not far from a stroke.

Need an examination

Of course, if the back of the head hurts 1-2 times, there is no need to visit a doctor. A doctor's consultation is necessary for periodically disturbing migraines, or for terrible pain.

First you need to contact a therapist. Based on the collected history, examination, he will prescribe additional tests and studies if necessary, if it is not possible to identify what is at the heart of the pain syndrome.

What to do right away

When a headache occurs, do not immediately take painkillers. To begin with, it is worth classifying the sensations, this will come in handy if you have to consult a doctor later. If possible, measure the pressure to exclude the most common cause - hypertension.

And what medications to take. The table below tells how to treat and what to drink for migraines. It is important to understand that the appointment of most of them, as well as the use, is made strictly according to the doctor's prescription.

Pills	Recipe
Based on paracetamol	Relatively safe. Released without a prescription. Used once (1 tablet) orally with a small amount of water.
Analgesics (for example, analgin)	They have many contraindications and are even banned in some countries. We still use it, but less frequently. Depending on the intensity of the pain, you can take not a whole pill, but from one quarter to a whole pill.
Based on pentalgin	Already a stronger drug. Used for intense pain. The dosage is prescribed by the doctor.
Combined drugs	More effective are drugs that include several active ingredients. Since it is often difficult to determine the cause of the headache on your own, the combination drug helps better. Use according to instructions.

Massage and manual therapy

Massage is one of the most effective ways to relieve muscle tension. Helping the muscles of the neck and the surface of the scalp to relax, it is possible to relieve the pain syndrome either completely or partially reduce discomfort.

Massage or manual therapy may be prescribed by a doctor. Usually this is a course of 10 procedures.

Physiotherapy sessions

With occipital headache and neuralgia, physiotherapy has proven to be excellent. They are carried out during remission and are strictly prohibited during the period of exacerbation.

Apply laser and magnetotherapy, diadynamic, sinusoidal modulated, interference currents.

Improving physical education

Exercise therapy (therapeutic physical culture) is suitable, like other diseases. It is often prescribed in combination with other treatments. But in some cases, training can be an independent measure.

Among the exercises, there are several types of load:

static;
cardio loads;
stretching;
walking activity;
strengthening and healthy muscle tone.

Movements and postures for quick relief of pain in the back of the head

The best and primary remedy is peace and relaxation. Lie down or sit down, massage the painful area, lightly pressing. Movements should be smooth.

A quiet, calm environment will also help relieve spasms in the back of the head. You can take a warm bath or use a cool shower to massage the back of your head.

Folk remedies

If, when contacting a doctor, a diagnosis of "overwork" was made, then it is permissible to use folk methods for. For this you can apply:

Lemon peel. Steam in boiling water and, after cooling, apply to the temples. Lie down for 7-10 minutes.
Peppermint natural or essential oil. With mint leaves, you can slightly grind the whiskey, and after making a decoction and moistening the bread crumb with it, apply it to the sore spot. Essential oil can be dripped into a saucer of water and placed next to you.

Why does the back of the head hurt in a child

The first step is to check for injury. Examine, ask (if the child can already answer), perhaps he fell and damaged something. In adolescence, at 12 years old, there may be pain as a result of hormonal changes.

In the absence of visible violations of the skin and after a tactile examination (no bumps and wounds), with mild pain, it is worth waiting for some time. If there are accompanying symptoms, or if pain persists for a long time), consult a doctor!

Conclusion

Thus, the types of headaches indicate various disorders - from simple overwork to the presence of a tumor. For this reason, it is important to take good care of your health.

If headaches persist, severe pain syndrome, or other symptoms are present, consult a specialist. Do not forget that maintaining a healthy lifestyle and not abusing drugs is an excellent prevention of any disease.

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