home Auditorium 7 What equipment is needed to produce sunflower oil? Sunflower oil production is a profitable waste-free production

What equipment is needed to produce sunflower oil? Sunflower oil production is a profitable waste-free production

Choosing the right equipment necessary for the production of sunflower oil is not an easy task. Especially for a person far from the technology of processing agricultural products and oilseed crops, in particular. A mistake made at this fundamental stage of production can call into question the success of the entire enterprise, which can be very profitable if organized correctly.

Benefits of vegetable oil production

More than 40% of the total production of sunflower oil in the Russian Federation falls on medium and small businesses. The cost of entering the market is relatively low, which allows even successful farms to organize the manufacturing process. Despite high competition, the demand for vegetable oil is quite high, and the situation is developing towards increasing market demand for these products.

Even if there is no possibility of sales on the domestic market, it can always be sold abroad (Europe, Turkey), where there are no difficulties with sales. The options for using vegetable oil are quite varied and are not limited only to cooking. It is used in industries such as:

paint and varnish industry (solvents, oil paints);
production of cosmetics and medicine (creams, ointments);
soap making;
canning industry.

Another positive quality is waste-free production. Sunflower seed husks, obtained by hulling (cleaning), are used for the manufacture of building materials and as raw materials for heating briquettes and. After processing, cake and meal can be used as a valuable feed additive in livestock farming.

In addition, the costs of processing all waste (loading, transportation, storage) in the financial statements are included in the cost of the final product, that is, they are carried out as an expense part, and not as a profitable one. This allows for some tax optimization.

To obtain vegetable oil, peeled and ground sunflower seeds, the so-called mint, are used. The most inexpensive and at the same time environmentally friendly way to extract oil is pressing. A more modern, technologically advanced and cost-effective method is extraction.

Production methods:

hot pressing;
cold pressing;
extraction.

The prepared mass of sunflower seeds is heated to the required temperature, then squeezed with a special oil press.

Cold pressing. The difference from the first method is the absence of the stage of heating the raw material mass. The result is an oil that retains the greatest amount of substances beneficial to humans.

However, this method allows you to obtain no more than 70% of the finished product by weight of the seeds. In addition, cold-pressed vegetable oil cannot be stored for a long time without additional processing. It quickly turns bitter, becomes cloudy, sediment appears in it, and when frying, this oil foams and smokes.

The method involves processing the pulp on oil extraction lines. During the processing process, special substances are introduced into the raw materials - extractors (extraction gasoline, acetone, hexane and some others), they come into contact with oil particles and are easily separated from the total mass, after which the extractors are evaporated and a pure product remains. The method is attractive because it allows you to extract up to 97% of the oil.

The quantity and quality of oil depends directly on the raw materials received for processing. The seeds must be ripe, fairly dry (humidity no more than 6%), and have a high oil content. The production of sunflower oil involves a number of production stages.

Preparation for pressing

Before starting any work with sunflower seeds, they must be cleaned of contaminants. The amount of foreign content should not exceed 1%. Separators are used to separate seeds from impurities. The process involves sifting the raw materials through several sieves:

Magnetic traps are used to remove metal foreign objects;
after separating the seeds from contaminants, they must be dried;
Most often, drying is carried out in three stages. In the first two stages, the raw material is dried to the required humidity, and in the third stage it is cooled.

The dry seed is fed to a crushing machine, where it undergoes initial hulling (hulling). This process is carried out using disc mills, and the output is an incompletely purified seed. Final cleaning is carried out on aspiration winnowers.

The seeds are subjected to blowing with a powerful air stream, as a result of which the remaining husks and other foreign impurities are removed. The peeled seeds are sent for grinding (rolling). As a result of grinding the seeds on a five-roller machine, a homogeneous mass, mint, is obtained. When producing sunflower oil by hot pressing, before pressing, the mint is heated to the required temperature in special roasting pans.

Pressing and extraction

The heated (or in the case of cold pressing, unheated) mass, also called pulp, is sent to a screw press for extraction. The pressed vegetable oil is cooled and filtered to remove mechanical impurities. After pressing, “raw” oil and cake are obtained. The cake after hot pressing contains 10–15% oil, after cold pressing up to 30%. It can be used as a valuable raw material or further processed:

The cake is first crushed using crushing equipment, then using a roller machine;
after that, special substances are added to it - extractors (gasoline, hexane, acetone, dichloroethane);
then the resulting mass is squeezed out;
dry residue from the second pressing – meal contains 2–5% oil and can be used as a feed additive for animals;
From the squeezed mixture – micelles, the oil is extracted by evaporating the extraction additives.

After all the above-described manipulations, unrefined vegetable oil is obtained, ready for sale as a food product. It is also the basis for the production of all known varieties of vegetable oil, obtained by additional purification of the unrefined product. These are methods such as:

Bottling and packaging

The finished product is poured into containers and, if necessary, packaged. 200–250 liter barrels or 0.5–6 liter plastic bottles are used as containers. Products in bottles are in greater demand than in barrels, unless, of course, the company is engaged in the production of technical grades of oil.

What equipment will be required for production

To set up the production of vegetable oil, you need the following equipment:

Scales. In order to correctly load each of the processing units, it is necessary to comply with the dosage.
Separators and magnetic traps. They are used to clean seeds from foreign impurities and metal objects.
Distribution bins. After cleaning in the separator, the seeds are loaded into bunkers for subsequent delivery to drying units.
Dryer. In this equipment, the moisture content of the peeled seeds is reduced and then cooled.
Disc mill. For initial peeling (crushing).
Aspiration fan. Final cleaning.
Rolling unit for grinding sunflower seeds.
Brazier. Hot pressing involves heating the ground seeds. There are two types of roasters: fire and steam.
Fryer for heat treatment. Does not expose mint to high temperatures. It is used for cold pressing of mint.
Screw oil press. Extracts the prepared mass of sunflower seeds.
Oil extraction line. A set of equipment for obtaining vegetable oil by extraction.
Filter for removing mechanical impurities. After passing through this filter, raw unrefined oil is obtained.
Refining line (additional purification).

Approximate prices for equipment

For production you will need the following set:

The cost of a separator that can process approximately 1 ton of raw materials per hour is $1,400.
A fanning machine will cost $3,000. Capacity is the same as the separator (ton per hour).
Roller machine. Equipment capable of accepting products processed by a separator and a crusher-fan machine, $14,000.
Fire brazier. To provide a line with the processing of 1 ton of raw materials per hour, 3 fryers costing $3,000 each are required.
Steam fryer. $12,000. Productivity is 0.8 tons of raw materials per hour, which corresponds to a line with an initial mass of raw materials of 1 ton.
Fryer for producing cold-pressed vegetable oil (capacity 1 ton per hour) – $14,000.
A press for squeezing raw materials capable of processing the above-described volumes. Capacity: 20 tons of oil per day. The price is about $24,000.
The primary filter costs $3000.
Equipment for refining – more than $15,000.
Extraction equipment – $17,000 (productivity 0.5 tons of oil per hour).
Line for bottling plastic bottles – $13,000 (capacity 10,000 liters per day).

The topic of food production in business can be considered one of the most relevant and profitable. It will probably be more difficult to find a type of product on which a company can “burn out” than one on which it is impossible to make a good profit. But still, in terms of profitability, the food industry also has its differences. What product do you think is consumed more every day throughout the country - raw smoked horse sausage, or ordinary sunflower oil? The answer is obvious.

The production of sunflower oil occupies one of the leading positions in the country's food industry. Annual oil market volumes range from 7 million to 10 million tons. If we convert all this into monetary equivalent, we get a figure of approximately 90 billion rubles. Moreover, about half of all production, and therefore profits, is divided between medium and small (farm) industries.

Organizing the production of sunflower oil will not be more troublesome for a novice entrepreneur, but much more expensive than, say, opening a line for processing car tires. In addition, this does not require any special knowledge that could not be acquired during the process of starting the project. As in almost all business ideas, the success of the enterprise here is determined by your degree of desire and perseverance. And the lack of start-up capital has long been no longer a problem for enterprising people. You can find out where to find money to start a business by following this link, or.

About profitability and wastelessness

Sunflower oil is one of the essential products, the demand for which will always be regardless of any price changes. What do you think is the monthly consumption of oil by the country's population? Experts have come up with a figure of one liter every month per person, but there are also various cafes, restaurants, and other catering establishments where tens of liters of sunflower oil are wasted every day.

And besides this, the oil is successfully exported to European countries (fortunately, “they” have not yet banned the import of Russian products!) and countries of the Middle East (Turkey, etc.). Sunflower oil is also used in other areas of production:

For the production of paint and varnish products. Ever wondered why a type of paint is called oil paint? Because the basis for its production is sunflower oil. The same applies to drying oil and various oil varnishes.
For the production of margarine and cooking fats.
For the production of cosmetics. Basically, these are skin care products and various creams.
In medicines and drugs. Sunflower oil is used in the manufacture of ointments, etc. Moreover, in the 90s of the last century, a method of treating cancer with sunflower oil was patented in our country. The effectiveness of this method has not yet been proven by scientists, but it really helped some people!
In the production of canned foods.

I think that with such a wide range of applications there is no need to worry about not finding a market. It is not for nothing that he considers the production of sunflower oil to be an almost win-win business option.

Now we need to say a few words about the waste-free nature of this business. The inevitable residues from oil production also have their uses. Sunflower seed husks, called pulp, or meal, are used in the manufacture of animal feed and are considered a very valuable protein-containing material. Before sale, the waste is pressed into briquettes and is readily purchased by those who breed sheep, pigs, or other domestic animals. In addition, fuel briquettes and pellets are made from sunflower husks, which are no less in demand than those made from sawdust.

Now some numbers: from 30 tons of raw material, peeled seeds, you will get about 20-22 tons, from which you can get from 8 to 9 tons of oil, the rest will be meal and husks.

We are looking for premises

This is one of those very issues that require special attention when preparing to launch a business project. According to empirically derived figures, for every ton of raw materials processed in one shift (day), 40 m² of production space is needed. It's easy to calculate further. But the question arises: what should be the minimum power of the line in order to recoup costs as quickly as possible and start making a profit?

This cannot be answered unequivocally. Firstly, if you purchase a mini-dairy plant, you must first estimate the production capacity that you will be able to handle in financial and sales terms. This is done when drawing up a business plan. Secondly, we can say that the production of sunflower oil is exactly the kind of business that pays off in a maximum of one and a half to two years. So, you will need three storage facilities:

For storing raw materials. This is the largest room in area. The smaller the layer of poured raw materials is stored, the less it will deteriorate.
For storing finished products.
For storing waste until it is processed.

For production itself, three more premises are needed:

Oil extraction and filtration workshop.
Refining shop.
Finished product packaging workshop.

Production premises must have hard (concrete) floors, walls and ceilings must be whitewashed. In total, with a production capacity of the creamery of 25 tons of processed raw materials per day, a total area of at least 3,000 sq.m. will be required.

We purchase equipment

Equipment for the production of sunflower oil consists of three lines:

Oil extraction and filtration line.
Oil refining line.
Oil bottling line.

Equipment for each workshop will cost approximately 2 million rubles. Although, many businessmen significantly reduce costs for these items by purchasing equipment in parts and installing the line on site. In finished product warehouses, you need to have several stainless steel containers for storing oil.

We are hiring staff

The number of staff depends on the capacity of the line that will be purchased for the business. To service a pressing workshop with a capacity of 25 tons per day, 3-4 people will be enough, in the refining workshop - 2-3 people, on the packaging line - 2-3 people. You will also need two foremen working in shifts who will deal with general production issues, a storekeeper, two technologists, and a manager who will deal with administrative tasks. Total from 13 to 16 people. With an increase in capacity, the staff of the enterprise will correspondingly increase.

We sell products

First, you will need to come up with your own brand, slogan, and develop a marketing strategy plan. Ideally, all this is written down in a business plan (you can see how to create a business plan in this source - or you can order its creation by professionals), but in practice, quite often entrepreneurs deviate from the “truths”, preferring to solve current problems questions as they arise. Moreover, it warms the soul to realize that production has already started.

X characteristics of products, raw materials and semi-finished products. Vegetable oils are complex mixtures of organic substances - lipids, isolated from plant tissues (sunflower, cotton, flax, castor oil, rapeseed, peanuts, olives, etc.) The following types of vegetable oils are produced in Russia: refined (deodorized and non-deodorized), hydrated (highest , I and II grades), unrefined (highest, I and II grades). According to the standard, the following indicators are determined organoleptically in the finished oil: transparency, smell and taste, color and acid number, moisture, presence of phosphorus-containing substances, iodine number and flash point of the extraction oil.

The composition of vegetable oils obtained from seeds includes 95...98% triglycerides, 1...2% free fatty acids, 1...2% phospholipids, 0.3...0.1% sterols, as well as carotenoids and vitamins. Of the unsaturated fatty acids in the composition of oils, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids predominate, which account for 80...90% of the total fatty acid content. Thus, sunflower oil contains 55...71% linoleic and 20...40% oleic acids.

The raw materials for the production of vegetable oils are mainly the seeds of oilseeds, as well as the pulp of the fruits of some plants. Based on oil content, seeds are divided into three groups: high-oil (over 30% - sunflower, peanuts, rapeseed), medium-oil (20...30% - cotton, flax) and low-oil (up to 20% - soybean).

In Russia, the main oilseed crop is sunflower. It belongs to the Asteraceae family. The sunflower genus has 28 species, most of which are perennials. Oil sunflower is an annual crop. The sunflower fruit is an elongated wedge-shaped achene, consisting of a peel (husk) and a white seed (kernel), covered with a seed coat. The husk accounts for 22...56% of the total mass of the achene. The oil content in sunflower seeds exceeds 50% and in the pure kernel is 70%.

The husk separated from the sunflower kernel is used as a raw material for the production of furfural. Sunflower cake (the remainder of the kernel after pressing the oil) is one of the most valuable types of feed for farm animals. Sunflower baskets are used to produce pectin and other products.

Features of production and consumption of finished products. In the practice of producing vegetable oils, there are two fundamentally different methods for extracting oil from vegetable oil-containing raw materials: mechanical extraction of oil - pressing and dissolving the oil in highly volatile organic solvents - extraction. These two methods of producing vegetable oils are used either independently or in combination with one another.

Currently, to extract oil, they first use the pressing method, in which 3/4 of the total oil is obtained, and then the extraction method, which extracts the rest of the oil.

The oil is pressed using continuously operating screw-type presses (forepresses and expellers). As the pressure increases, the pulp particles come closer together, the oil is squeezed out, and the pressed material is compacted into a monolithic mass of cake (shell). In this case, 5...8% of oil (by weight of the cake) remains in the cake.

During the extraction process, no more than 0.8...1.2% of oil remains in the residue, which is called meal. Extraction gasoline, hexane, acetone, dichloroethane, etc. are used as solvents. It is best to use gasoline with a boiling point range of 70...85 °C, which allows it to be distilled from the oil under milder conditions.

The oil that is on the surface of the opened cells easily dissolves in it when washed with gasoline. A significant amount of oil is found inside unopened cells or inside closed cavities (capsules).

Extracting this oil requires the penetration of solvent into the cells and capsules and release of the solvent into the environment. This process occurs due to molecular and convective diffusion.

As a result of extraction, a solution of oil in a solvent, called miscella, and a fat-free material, meal, are obtained. The oil concentration in the miscella is 12...20%.

From the extractor (screw or belt), the miscella is sent for filtration to remove mechanical impurities from it. The filtered miscella and meal are sent for distillation of solvents from them. This operation is called distillation, which takes place in two stages. First, the main part of the solvent is distilled off at 80...90 °C until the oil concentration in the miscella is 75...80%. Then distillation is carried out in vacuum at 110... 120 °C with hot steam blowing.

The process of purifying oil from unwanted lipid groups and impurities is called refining. Mechanical refining includes various physical methods: sedimentation, filtration and centrifugation. Hydration of oil - treatment with water to precipitate mucous and protein substances. Alkaline refining is the treatment of oils with alkali. Adsorption refining (bleaching) - removal and clarification of oil with powdered substances (adsorbents - clay, siliceous compounds, silica gel, coals, etc.). Deodorization is the elimination of the unpleasant odor of oil by fractional distillation based on differences in the boiling points of triglycerides and flavoring substances.

Stages of the technological process. Vegetable oil production consists of the following stages:

Cleaning and drying of seeds;

Separation of the pure kernel and its grinding;

Steaming and frying the pulp;

Oil extraction (pressing and extraction);

Oil purification (refining);

Packaging and storage.

Characteristics of equipment complexes. The line begins with a set of equipment for cleaning and drying seeds, consisting of scales, silos, separators, magnetic catchers, supply bins and dryers.

Next comes a set of equipment for separating the clean kernel and grinding it (disc mill, aspiration winnower and five-roller machine).

The main one is a set of equipment for steaming and frying pulp, consisting of screw or vat roasters.

The leading equipment of the line is a screw press and an extraction apparatus.

The final stage is a set of finishing equipment for the line, consisting of scales, packaging machines and for placing packs of packaged butter into boxes.

The machine and hardware diagram of the production line for vegetable oil from sunflower seeds is shown in Fig.

Rice. Machinery diagram of the sunflower oil production line

Design and operating principle of the line. Sunflower seeds arriving for short-term storage in silo 2 are pre-weighed on scales 1. The seeds may contain a large amount of impurities, so before processing they are cleaned twice on two- and three-sieve separators 3 and 4, as well as on a magnetic catcher 5. Impurities of plant origin, separated in separators, collected and used in feed production.

Seeds cleared of impurities are weighed on scales 6 and fed into a supply hopper 7, from where they are transported to a shaft dryer 8, consisting of several zones. The seeds are first dried and then cooled. During heat treatment, their humidity decreases from 9... 15 to 2...7%. The temperature of the seeds during drying is about 50 °C, after cooling 35 °C. Dried seeds are controlled on scales 9, and then sent to silos 2 for long-term storage or to an intermediate bin 10 for further processing.

Further processing of seeds involves maximum separation of the shell from the kernel. This process involves two independent operations: peeling (hulling) the seeds and the actual separation of the shell from the kernel (winnowing, separation). The seeds are shelled in a disk mill 11, where they come from an intermediate hopper 10. Rushanka, obtained from seeds after the mill, is a mixture consisting of particles of different weight, shape, windage and size. Rushanka contains whole kernels, their fragments, a number of shell particles of various sizes and shapes, and, finally, whole seeds - nedorush. Therefore, to separate the shell from the core, aspiration winnowers - air-sieve sorting machines - are mainly used. From such a machine 12, the kernel is fed into the intermediate hopper 13, and all other parts of the mixture are processed to separate whole kernels and fragments of sunflower seeds, which, together with the whole kernels, are sent for further processing.

After weighing on scales 14, the sunflower kernels are crushed on a five-roller machine 15. The grinding process can be carried out at one time or in two times - preliminary and final. During grinding, the cellular structure of sunflower kernels is destroyed, which is necessary to create optimal conditions for the most complete and rapid extraction of oil during further pressing or extraction.

The grinding product - pulp - from machine 15 enters fryer 16, in which, due to moisture-heat treatment, optimal plasticity of the product is achieved and conditions are created to facilitate oil extraction on presses. When frying, the moisture content of the pulp decreases to 5...7%, and the temperature rises to 105...115 °C.

From the screw press 17, into which the pulp is fed after the fryer, two products come out: oil containing a significant amount of kernel particles and therefore purified in the filter press 18, and cake containing 6.0... 6.5% of the oil that is needed extract from it. Therefore, in the future, the cake granules are crushed in a hammer crusher 19 and a roller machine 20, and the grinding product is extracted in an extraction apparatus 21. The apparatus has two columns connected by a jumper, in which screws are located that transport cake particles from the right column to the left. The extracting substance, gasoline, which is a volatile solvent, moves countercurrent to the movement of the cake. Due to the fact that gasoline mixed with air ignites at a temperature of about 250 °C, in extraction plants the overheating temperature of process steam should not exceed 220 °C.

Through diffusion, the oil is extracted from the broken cells of the cake, dissolving in gasoline. A mixture of oil, gasoline and a certain amount of particles flows from the right column of the extractor 21 and is sent to the sump or cartridge filter 22.

A low-fat product called meal is removed from the left extraction column of apparatus 21. After extracting the remaining gasoline from it, the meal is sent to feed mills.

A solution of oil in gasoline, cleared of solid particles - miscella - is fed for distillation. In the pre-distiller 23, the miscella is heated to 105...115 °C, and gasoline vapors are partially distilled out of it at atmospheric pressure. In the final distiller 24, operating under vacuum, residual gasoline is removed from the miscella, and the purified oil is supplied to the scales 25. After weight control, the oil is supplied to the packaging machine 26, and in the machine 27, packs of packaged oil are placed in boxes.

In the total volume of the world sunflower oil market, which is about 10 million tons, Russian production occupies a fifth. In other words, the production of vegetable oil in our country produces about 2.2 million tons of this product. Not only large enterprises supply sunflower oil to the domestic market. On the contrary, about half of the total volume is produced in small and medium-sized industries.

The process of making sunflower oil
How much does oil making equipment cost?
Step-by-step plan for starting a business
How much can you earn
How to choose equipment
Which OKVED code must be specified for the production of sunflower oil
What documents are needed to open
Do I need permission to open?

Even by the standards of a small farm, the barrier to entry into this business is low. There are also no problems with selling the product. If you cannot sell the entire volume produced in your region, then the possibilities for export are almost unlimited. Consumers of sunflower oil are not only the population and the food industry. This product is used in the cosmetic, medical and paint industries. Another positive side of production is its waste-free nature. After squeezing the oil, waste remains, which is used to feed livestock; it can be used to make fuel pallets, etc.

The process of making sunflower oil

The sunflower oil production technology is presented below in table form.

No.	Contents of operation
1	Purification of sunflower from organic, inorganic and other types of impurities. For this purpose, aspirators, destoners, and separators are used. The raw materials are blown with air and sifted through several types of sieves.
2	Seed sorting by size, hulling, peeling, core crushing. The seeds are peeled from the husk by hitting, squeezing, cutting or processing on a rough surface. Whichever method is chosen is the type of equipment that needs to be purchased.
3	Getting the oil itself. This can be done in several ways: direct extraction and conventional, single, cold or double pressing.
4	Purification of the product from impurities or refining. Use chemical, physical or combined methods.
5	Spilling oil into a container. Most often it happens automatically on special lines.
6	Usually the product is bottled in polymer bottles. They are labeled and sealed.

According to the degree of purification, sunflower oil is divided into refined and unrefined. The last type is a mechanically purified product. Refined oil can be purified in several ways:

settling;
filtration;
centrifugation;
deodorization.

State standard GOST R 52465-2005 contains a list of seven types of product.

How much does oil making equipment cost?

Modern equipment for the production of sunflower oil allows everything to be produced at one plant. Separators for cleaning raw materials from debris cost about $1,500. In an hour, such a device allows you to prepare 1000 kg of raw materials for cleaning.

The cleaning procedure is also called breaking. The car for this stage costs 3 thousand dollars. Its power should be the same as that of the separator. Therefore, these two units must process equal amounts of raw material in the same time. The number of pairs of these units must satisfy the raw material needs of the main pressing line. After destruction, all products go into one bunker. From there it is transferred via a conveyor to the extraction site. It starts with a roller mill. This equipment grinds the seed kernels. Its cost depends directly on the power. For example, a unit that is capable of processing 800 kg of raw materials per hour costs 13.8 thousand dollars. If you need to combine it with several separators and crusher-fan machines, then the price will start from 36 thousand dollars.

Line productivity is up to 12 tons/day, cost - 1,930,000 rubles.

Enterprises that are equipped with the latest type of equipment are capable of processing up to 48 tons of raw materials per day. This amount of sunflower can be collected from 19 hectares of land. Usually the plant operates in a single shift mode, but during the season continuous production can be organized.

After grinding, the raw material goes to the roasters. They are divided into two types according to the heating method: steam and fire. For both the first and second methods, gas burners are used. Only in the first case, water is heated and steam is generated, and in the second, the surface of a large boiler with raw materials is heated according to the principle of a frying pan. The steam roasting method allows you to obtain oil that does not have the specific smell of roasted sunflower seeds. Such equipment, capable of frying 800 kg of raw materials per hour, costs from 11.5 thousand dollars.

If you use cold pressing technology, you can eliminate heating equipment. However, the oil yield will be much less. Then the raw material goes to the squeezing machine. They cost about 20-28 thousand dollars and are capable of pressing up to 25 tons of raw materials per day. After the press, the oil is left to settle for some time. All impurities are precipitated, and the product is passed through special filters. Their price starts from 3 thousand dollars. One filter can clean 160 kg of oil in an hour.

Sunflower oil production as a business.

The extraction method for obtaining the product makes it possible to increase its yield by 2%. At the factory, you can combine the two methods. Oil is usually obtained from waste after pressing. The final cake is called meal and is used to feed livestock. The line for bottling the product costs $13,000. It allows you to bottle 3600 liters of sunflower oil in one shift.

This business will be especially profitable in those farms where they grow sunflowers on their own. But it can also be considered as a separate production. Then you need to take care not only of selling finished products, but also of purchasing raw materials in the required quantities.

Step-by-step plan for starting a business

In order not to lose capital investments when starting your own sunflower oil production business, a detailed analysis of the market in the region where it will be produced is carried out. Then the scheme of action, as for any production, is identical:
registration and purchase of equipment;
purchasing raw materials and hiring personnel;
searching for sales channels for finished goods...

How much can you earn

This business is, one might say, waste-free. Here, earnings include not only the sale of sunflower oil itself, but also husks and meal. The cost of 1 liter is 35 rubles. Meal can be sold for 1.5 thousand rubles, and husks at a price of 9 thousand rubles per ton. If you set up production correctly, your monthly income will be about 3,000,000 rubles. Minus costs, we get a net profit of 2 million rubles.

How to choose equipment

For full operation of production facilities you will need to purchase:
oil press and seed roaster;
oil filter and separator.

Which OKVED code must be specified for the production of sunflower oil

When choosing a code, look at chapter C - manufacturing production. It contains a separate code that directly relates to the production of oils and fats - 10.41. This is what we indicate in all the necessary documents.

What documents are needed to open

The list of required documents is standard. It is best to register as an individual entrepreneur when opening a mini-production (application and state duty, registration and photocopy of passport - all documents that need to be provided). For legal entities, the list of documents is somewhat expanded. Additionally provided: Charter and resolution of shareholders, information about the presence of a legal address, as well as about the director of the company and the chief accountant of the company.

Which taxation system to choose for sunflower oil production

The best option when choosing a taxation system would be simplification. With it, the businessman will pay a tax amount equal to 6% of the total profit. Alternatively, upon provision of documents confirming expenses, 15% of net profit is paid.

Do I need permission to open?

If you open production at home, you will not need to obtain permits. If a mini-production is opening, then you need to think in advance about obtaining permits from the sanitary and epidemiological station and the fire inspectorate.

Vegetable oil is an indispensable product in the kitchen of every housewife. Essentially, it is a vegetable fat extracted from the fruits or seeds of plants, such as corn, soybeans, and sunflowers. The oil is used to dress salads, it is added to confectionery products, it is fried with it - there are many options for using it.

Sunflower oil accounts for a significant share of the vegetable oil market in Russia. About 2 million tons of this product are consumed annually in our country. Its production is mainly carried out by small and medium-sized enterprises. The high popularity of the product, as well as the absence of territorial restrictions for its sale, make the idea of producing sunflower oil interesting for business. Let's try to figure out how to organize such production and how profitable it can be.

Sunflower oil production technology

As you know, sunflower oil comes in two types: refined and unrefined. Their fundamental difference is the degree of purification. Unrefined sunflower oil is dark in color because it contains more impurities. It has a pleasant, distinct aroma. This oil is considered more useful. However, it also has disadvantages: a bitter taste and a short shelf life.

Refined oil is distinguished by the fact that it contains practically no foreign impurities in its composition. Therefore, it is almost transparent in appearance, has a neutral taste and smell. But the main advantage of refined sunflower oil is its long shelf life: from 4 to 12 months versus 2 months, during which unrefined oil can be suitable. The production technology for these two types of sunflower oil is different.

Small producers usually use a cold pressing system. This technology does not produce high volumes: in 1 hour, 38 liters of high quality oil can be obtained from 100 kg of sunflower seeds. The seeds are crushed and the oil is squeezed out of them using a screw press. The oil is then passed through special cloth filters several times. This method is perfect for producing sunflower oil at home. The oil obtained as a result of cold pressing is highly valued by consumers, since it retains all the trace elements that make up the original product.

In the process of making oil, larger manufacturers use special fryers that heat the seeds to a high temperature, as well as powerful high-speed presses, as a result of which the oil darkens, losing its aroma and beneficial properties.

The technological process at a typical oil extraction plant consists of the following steps:

seed processing using a vibrating sieve (or a special separator), during which the raw materials are cleaned of large debris and various impurities;
peeling seeds from the peel in crushing machines (crushing the seeds followed by blowing out the husks with a stream of air);
processing the resulting mass using a press with a screw (impacting crushed seeds with a force of 2,500 tons at a temperature of more than 100 degrees);
refining using various filters (usually bleaching clay or diatomaceous earth - algae powder);
pouring the finished oil into containers.

Good equipment allows you to get 20,000 bottles of sunflower oil with a volume of 1 liter each from 50 tons of seeds in 1 hour. That is, from 2.5 kg of sunflower seeds you can produce 1 liter of oil.

An advantageous feature of maintaining an oil extraction plant is that such production is practically waste-free. The meal left over from seed processing is purchased by farms and fish farms, and the husks are purchased by brick factories.

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How to organize a sunflower oil production business

So, the first thing to do is to choose the activity format that is most suitable for you. It is necessary to start primarily from the budget and existing experience.

Options for organizing your own production

An oil extraction plant is an expensive project with capital investments at the start of at least 12 million rubles. and a payback period of about three years. This is not the best option for a new entrepreneur. It is more suitable for those who have “decent” experience in business and understand all the intricacies of the production process.

Opening a small workshop with a productivity of 5 to 10 tons of oil per day does not require too high input costs. You can meet the amount of about 3 million rubles, and over time, having gained a foothold in the market, expand production, purchase additional equipment and increase volumes.

Home production of sunflower oil is a budget project that will not bring much profit, but will nevertheless allow you to earn a stable income and meet the needs of the whole family (see,). Household oil extraction machines have low productivity (about 5 l/hour); their cost, accordingly, is significantly lower than the price of professional equipment. Thus, a small screw oil press for cold pressing can be purchased for only 150,000 rubles.

The following video explains how to make oil using a wooden oil press at home and which varieties of sunflowers are best to use:

Another option that can be considered as an additional activity is growing sunflowers as a business. The average yield of this crop is 12-15 centners per hectare. According to approximate data, if you use an area of 100 hectares, then the costs for each hectare grown will be about 3,500 rubles, and the possible income will be from 6,000 rubles. Growing sunflower for further processing allows you to obtain a full production cycle and increase its efficiency several times.

Legal basis

Activities for the production of vegetable oil from sunflower seeds must be registered with the Federal Tax Service (FTS). You can independently choose the most convenient form of business: obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur (IP) or register a legal entity.

Such activities do not require obtaining a license. But you will still need some additional documents in order to work calmly and compete with other manufacturers on the market.

First of all, you need to select a suitable production facility and prepare it in accordance with SanPiN 1197-74. "Sanitary rules for enterprises producing vegetable oils." This regulatory document contains all the information about what requirements apply to the design, lighting, ventilation, heating of production, storage and service premises of such enterprises.

The local representative office of the Rospotrebnadzor service will be able to confirm the compliance of your workshop with all established requirements, as well as help with the development of a production control program, which is also a mandatory document. In addition to this authority, you will need to contact the territorial department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and obtain a conclusion on compliance with fire safety standards in the premises.

The next important document is a declaration of compliance of your product with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU) 021/2011 “On food safety”. Such a declaration can be completed at any accredited certification center. It is issued for a period of 1 to 5 years. The average cost of declaration services is 7,000 rubles.

This concludes the list of basic documents required to start an oil production activity. And we move on to the issue of material and technical equipment.

Workshop premises and production equipment

To accommodate even a small production facility, you will need a fairly spacious room. The ceiling height in the workshop must be at least 3.5 m. The room must be divided into several zones:

for cleaning, crushing and squeezing seeds;
for refining;
for bottling and packaging of products;
for storing raw materials;
for storing the finished product;
for storage and processing of waste;
for administrative and household purposes.

The total area of the workshop must be at least 300 square meters. m, while most of it will be in the raw material warehouse.

Important! The power supply system in the workshop must be three-phase with a voltage of 380 V. This is necessary to ensure uninterrupted operation of production equipment.

Oil making equipment and personnel

List of necessary equipment for the production of sunflower oil with approximate prices:

separator for primary cleaning of seeds – 50,000 rubles;
automatic peeling machine for peeling – 70,000 rubles;
roller machine for grinding seeds – 500,000 rubles;
roaster – 350,000 rubles;
squeezing press – 600,000 rubles;
equipment for refining – 700,000 rubles;
bottling line – RUB 300,000.

The total cost of equipment will be about 2,570,000 rubles.

To maintain such a production line, you will need about 10-12 people, including a technologist. Particular attention should be paid to the selection of candidates for the position of production technologist. Such a specialist must be well versed in GOSTs and other regulatory documents, understand the strategy and development prospects of the enterprise, and know methods for assessing production efficiency. His responsibilities will include control of incoming raw materials, participation in the development of a product quality system, and technological support for the entire production cycle.

The requirements for other employees are minimal: they must be careful and responsible. All employees of the enterprise must have personal medical records with up-to-date medical examination notes.

Current expenses of the enterprise and expected profit

Monthly costs for maintaining the workshop consist of rent, wages, utilities and transport services, taxes, costs of purchasing raw materials and consumables (containers).

The wholesale price of oil sunflower is about 15,000 rubles. for 1 ton. The capabilities of the equipment in our case allow us to process about 5 tons of raw materials per shift, that is, 150 tons per month. The cost of purchasing sunflower will be approximately 2,250,000 rubles. The purchase of consumables will cost 200,000 rubles.

About 250,000 rubles should be budgeted for wages and insurance premiums for employees. For transportation costs, utilities and advertising - about another 100,000 rubles. The rent will be about 100,000 rubles. Total monthly expenses will be at the level of 2,900,000 rubles.

Now let's try to calculate the possible income. The average wholesale price of refined sunflower oil is 50 rubles. for 1 l. From 150 tons of sunflower seeds you can get 60,000 liters of oil. Revenue from the sale of oil alone will be 3,000,000 rubles, and if you also sell your products through your own retail outlets, your income will increase.