I studied to become a lash stylist. To say that I liked it is an understatement! Simply unique courses! Small groups, teachers are always nearby. The whole process is controlled, corrected, and worked out. A sea of ​​models! Where do they get them in such quantities?! Now I want to expand my knowledge and go for permanent makeup and I’m thinking where to find free time for this, because thanks to super-quality training, I have acquired clients who sign up a couple of weeks in advance. Many thanks to Zhyldyz, Zhanna, administrators and the Internet, which helped me get into this particular school!

I really enjoyed studying at your center! The program is built dynamically, does not let you get bored and 4 hours flew by in a flash!

Marina. Cosmetologist

It is very convenient that there are classes at different times. I studied in the morning - I sent my eldest son to school, my youngest to kindergarten, and myself to classes. On the way back I gathered everyone and went home))) And my sister went after work, in the evening. It’s difficult, of course, but the training doesn’t last long and you can be patient

On weekends the elevator doesn't work and you don't have to run up and down during the break, but if you don't smoke, then this won't be a problem

I took a training course in acupressure massage in a new territory. After the renovation, everything was new and fresh, it was a pleasure to study. I really liked the teacher - Nurgazy Syrgakovich. Very friendly, but moderately strict, answers all questions

Alexandra

Studied Classical massage in the morning group. It was convenient that after classes I immediately went to the canteen for lunch, and then went to work full and satisfied. The food is cheap, the coffee is delicious, which you can take with you

I was afraid that the training would be superficial, because many go to study without a medical education and it would not be interesting to me as a physician. But I'm very pleased! Ildar Rinatovich taught with us and with his experience this is not surprising

Vladislav

I took a microblading course. I came to them after studying at another school. And I didn’t regret it, because only here I understood how to make not only beautiful, very natural eyebrows, but also how to choose eyebrows that suit a specific face, how to choose a color, how to mix pigments correctly, what technique to choose. Charming teacher Zhanna! He chews everything up so much that he doesn’t leave the students for a minute. During the internship, the models left saying that they did not expect results from the interns as from experienced professionals. And no wonder! Full control over the work performance of the intern; they constantly suggest what is best, guide, show shortcomings and how to correct them. I felt what it was like to truly learn to be a master. And as I understand, this is how training is conducted in eyelashes, eyebrows, and other areas. They really teach you how to be a highly skilled craftsman! Thank you very much to New Level! Now, if you study, then only to you!

Massage- this is a set of techniques of reflex-mechanical influence on the human body, carried out with hands or special devices for the purpose of treatment, recovery, and disease prevention.

Its essence lies in the mechanical impact of special techniques on the surface of the body or any organ.

Massage can be performed in two ways - manual and hardware. The combination of manual and hardware massage is called combination. Of the hardware massages, vibration, pneumatic, and hydromassage are most often used in practice.

Massage can be carried out in the form general, covering all areas of the body, and partial, in which individual segments are massaged (arm massage, back massage, abdominal massage, etc.). Both general and partial massage are performed either by a massage therapist or in the form of self-massage. Currently, classical massage uses four main techniques - stroking, rubbing, kneading and vibration. In turn, the techniques can be classified as medium deep (stroking, rubbing, squeezing), deep (kneading) and shock (vibration). Each of the main techniques has a number of auxiliary techniques, the use of which depends on the area of ​​massage, the size of the muscles being massaged, the characteristics of the disease and the condition of the skin.

Stroking- the technique with which the massage begins and ends, it is necessarily combined with other techniques. Superficial stroking has a calming and analgesic effect, reduces excitability, enhances inhibition processes, causes relaxation, stimulates metabolic processes, improves vascular tone, and increases skin elasticity. Deep stroking has a more pronounced effect than superficial stroking on blood and lymph circulation, improves nutrition of the deeper tissues of the massaged area. When stroking, the massage therapist's brush glides freely over the skin, causing it to shift. First, superficial stroking is carried out, and then deep.

Trituration- a technique in which the hand does not simply slide over the skin, as when stroking, but moves the skin, forming a skin fold in front of it. Rubbing has a calming effect on the central nervous system, helps reduce pain due to neuritis and neuralgia, enhances muscle contractility, and increases their tone. Rubbing increases tissue mobility, helps stretch scars, adhesions, and enhance blood and lymph circulation. Rubbing can be done with or against the course of the lymphatic vessels. The technique is used in projections of the exit of nerves, on small surfaces. It is carried out twice as slow as stroking, alternating with it. Rubbing prepares tissues for kneading.

Kneading affects predominantly muscles, promoting stretching of muscle fibers, increasing their tone and performance. It enhances excitation processes in the central nervous system, improves blood circulation in the massaged area and accelerates the removal of decay products from tissues, increases the mobility of scars and tendons. Kneading consists of the massage therapist grasping, lifting and, as it were, squeezing or pressing the tissue. This is the main technique used in the treatment of scars, adhesions, and muscle wasting. It should be carried out slowly, smoothly, gradually increasing the intensity of the impact. Kneading of muscles is carried out both in longitudinal and transverse directions.

Vibration- a technique in which oscillatory movements of varying intensity, speed and amplitude are created in the massaged part. The resulting oscillatory movements spread in the form of waves beyond the massaged area and can penetrate to deep-lying vessels and nerves. Vibration has a pronounced analgesic effect, restores and strengthens extinct deep reflexes, improves the functional state of muscles, reduces the time for the formation of callus in fractures, enhances blood and lymph circulation, and helps reduce and disappear edema.

At continuous vibration The massage therapist’s hand does not leave the massaged area and makes oscillatory movements. If the massage therapist’s hand moves along the surface of the massaged area, then the vibration is called labile; vibration produced at one place is called stable. Stable vibration with one finger is called a dot. Intermittent vibration consists of applying a series of hand blows to the massage area, during which the hand moves away from the massaged area.

At the core mechanism of massage action there are complex, interdependent reflex, neurohumoral, neuroendocrine, metabolic processes regulated by the central nervous system. The initial link in the mechanism of these reactions is irritation mechanoreceptors skin, converting the energy of mechanical stimuli into impulses entering the central nervous system: the spinal cord, cerebellum, functional formations of the brain stem, reach the cerebral cortex, where they are synthesized into a general complex reaction and cause certain functional changes in the body.

The mechanisms of physiological action of massage are different depending on the areas of its application.

The effect of massage on the skin. Massage improves the processes of “self-cleaning” of the skin and activates “skin” breathing. Massage improves trophic processes in the skin, cleanses it of sloughed horny scales of the epidermis, stimulates the function of the sweat and sebaceous glands, and activates blood and lymph circulation. Under the influence of massage, the skin-muscle tone increases, the contractile function of the skin muscles improves, which contributes to the elasticity and firmness of the skin.

The effect of massage on the nervous system. Massage has a diverse effect on the human body, primarily on the nervous system. Under the influence of massage, the excitability of the nervous system can increase or decrease depending on its functional state and the method of influence.

By changing the strength, nature and duration of the massage, you can change the functional state of the cerebral cortex, reduce or increase general nervous excitability, strengthen or revive lost reflexes, and activate the nutrition of affected tissues. Under the influence of massage, the function of the nerve pathways improves, and the connection between the cerebral cortex and muscles, blood vessels and internal organs improves.

Massage also has a profound effect on the peripheral nervous system: it reduces or stops pain, improves nerve conductivity when it is damaged. The effect of massage on the nervous system is also influenced by environmental factors. Thus, the presence of negative stimuli (noise in the massage room, loud conversations of massage therapists, waiting in line) significantly reduces the therapeutic effect of massage.

The effect of massage on the cardiovascular system. Massage has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system; a moderate expansion of peripheral vessels occurs, the work of the left atrium and left ventricle is facilitated, the pumping capacity of the heart increases, the contractility of the heart muscle improves, congestion in the pulmonary and systemic circulation is eliminated, venous outflow is accelerated, gas exchange between blood and tissues (internal respiration) is improved, oxygen absorption by tissues increases.

Under its influence, lymph flow accelerates and there is a reflex effect on the entire lymphatic system. The circulatory system reacts no less actively to massage, namely: “reserve” capillaries open, gas exchange between blood and tissues increases, and venous outflow is activated.

The effect of massage on the muscular system and joints apparatus . Massage also has a very beneficial effect on the ligamentous-articular apparatus: ligaments become more elastic, swelling in the periarticular tissues is eliminated, blood and lymph circulation in the periarticular areas improves.

Massage has a restorative effect on the muscular system. Under the influence of massage, muscle tone and elasticity increase, their contractile function improves, strength and performance increase.

Massage is figuratively called passive muscle gymnastics. It actively affects muscle tone and elasticity of muscle fibers, improves muscle contractile function. As a result of a course of therapeutic massage, muscle strength increases, the performance and endurance of the muscular system as a whole increases.

A massage performed after an intense workout causes a pleasant feeling of vigor and prevents the development of muscle rigidity (thickening) and soreness.

Massage has a beneficial effect on the function of joints and tendon-ligamentous apparatus. Under the influence of massage, the elasticity and mobility of the ligamentous apparatus increases. In the rehabilitation treatment of joints, rubbing techniques are the most effective. Massage activates the secretion of synovial fluid, promotes the resorption of swelling, effusions and pathological deposits in the joints .

Massage actively affects gas exchange, mineral and protein metabolism, increasing the release of nitrogenous organic substances (urea, uric acid), mineral salts (sodium chloride, inorganic phosphorus) from the body.

Massage techniques differ in intensity, the use of additional accessories and oils, area and method of exposure. Some methods go back decades, others - several thousand years, some work only with the physical body, others pay more attention to the energetic shells of a person. One thing remains the same: all techniques have their own indications and contraindications, which you need to familiarize yourself with before starting the course.

More than 5 thousand years ago the first massage technique appeared. The definition of this word (from the French masser) is rubbing, kneading. The first sessions were carried out in ancient China and were part of medicine. All modern techniques are based on the Amma method: influencing biological points on the human body.

The Chinese method was improved by the Japanese: the tsubo technique became the predecessor of the shiatsu practice known today. Manual therapy is aimed not only at treating diseases, but also at strengthening the immune system and improving the emotional state.

The history of massage in India goes back about 4000 years. The book of Ayurveda describes a combination of water procedures with rubbing techniques. Hindus believed that the procedures helped cleanse the body, relieve fatigue and maintain good health. Ancient Egypt and Persia had their own history: massage was used as a remedy along with aromatic incense, herbs, resin and oil.

In Europe, the origin of the system began around 500 years ago. BC, and the first techniques were brought from the East. The ancient Greeks were adherents of a healthy lifestyle: they paid a lot of attention to hygiene, exercise, and nutrition. Before sports competitions, athletes received a massage to increase endurance, and afterward to relieve fatigue. In public baths, the art of massage was also available to ordinary people: there it was performed by specially trained young men and women.

The history of the development of massage is described by Herodikos and Hippocrates. Philosophers spoke about the healing properties of the procedure. Hippocrates experimentally established the effectiveness of upward movements of the hands along the human body. With the collapse of the Roman Empire in Europe, there was a pause in the development of massage: people had no idea why massage was needed.

The emergence of modern techniques

It was only during the Renaissance that scientists and researchers returned interest in manual manipulation of the body. The first information about the use of therapeutic massage dates back to the 16th century. The doctor Ambroise Paré began using them at the royal court. He introduced characteristics for development: soft, medium and energetic. The further history of massage is described in the works of the Swedish physiologist Henrik Ling. He became the founder of his own healing system, known as "Swedish movement healing." The doctor introduced terms that are still used today:

• Stroking;
• Trituration;
• Vibrations;
• Patting;
• Rolling.

The author of the restoration technique was the Dutch physician Georg Metzger. His work is based on an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the body. The developments of the Dutchman and the Swede gained great popularity among doctors, and the basics of massage began to be included in medical textbooks.

In England, massage began to be used for problems with joint mobility and for the treatment of rheumatism. At the end of the 19th century. The Society of Qualified Masseuses was founded in the country, whose task was to train women in massage techniques. The popularization of the method played a positive role on the standards of massage and its quality. During the First World War, the Society's membership increased dramatically, with procedures becoming a mandatory part of soldiers' recovery from wounds. And in 1964, the Society was given official status, and even today, to work in hospitals, massage therapists must have a confirmed certificate. In 1966, the first courses for cosmetologists using massage techniques were organized in London.

Development of massage in Russia

In the 19th century A book by M.Ya. was published in Russia. Mudrova about the benefits of water hygiene for preserving the health of military personnel, which became the basis of the Russian school of therapy. In the book, the author pointed out the benefits of movements and recommended rubbing and stroking. Bekhterev and Botkin were interested in this topic. They conducted clinical studies to substantiate the theory of the physiological effects of massage on humans and improved some massage techniques. At the end of the 19th century, several centers for teaching therapeutic massage and gymnastics opened in Russia. And at the beginning of the 20th century. Therapeutic massage sessions became a common part of medical practice.

Since the end of the last century, the popularity of massage has grown rapidly. The techniques have developed and improved, and today massage procedures are not only therapeutic in nature. Sessions are attended for cosmetic purposes, for relaxation, strengthening the immune system and relieving symptoms of depression.

They began to use it at home, using such teaching aids as:

• "Massage from A to Z" by Grace Deborah;
• “Health massage at home” by L. Golubeva;
• "Bring Yourself Back to Life" by Miranda Esmont, etc.

There are more than 1000 different books and manuals on massage techniques on the market, which provide basic techniques for getting rid of various diseases, cosmetic and preventive techniques, types and mechanisms of influence on the body.

Why do you need a massage?

Massage therapy is an effective method of treating diseases based on physical and reflex effects on the body. It is used for cosmetic, restorative and relaxation purposes.

All modern massage systems are divided into two categories: eastern and western.

The European system involves the use of basic techniques: stroking, rubbing, vibrating pats and squeezing. The techniques differ in the area of ​​study, duration and degree of impact on the body. Some of them use additional accessories, others use only hands for detailing. In European or classical practices, the main attention is paid to physical aspects: health, the condition of the skin and muscle tissue, the presence of diseases, restrictions, indications and contraindications. The intensity and duration of the course is always calculated based on the patient's condition.

Eastern massage systems are based on achieving a balance between the energy plane and the physical shell of a person. They use many targeted techniques aimed at releasing energy flows, opening and balancing the chakras. Often sessions begin with meditation and are accompanied by special music, the use of incense and essential oils to liberate the body and spirit. Oriental massage sessions do not always involve direct contact between the master and the client: the treatment can be carried out using special bowls or stones.

Practices are divided into several groups according to their goals. Sessions can be:

• For children;
• Cosmetic;
• Sports;
• Medicinal;
• Wellness;
• Hygienic;
• Relaxing.

Massage methods are divided into:

• Practices for the whole body;
• Zonal;
• Specialized;
• Combined.

Massage technique includes a set of techniques that are performed according to established rules. Methods include Thai, cupping, acupressure, etc. According to the method of influence, they distinguish between couples, mutual, professional massage and self-massage.

Massage techniques

Medical

All types that relate to therapeutic massage are used only as prescribed by doctors. Massage can be either an independent therapy or part of a complex. Massage is carried out in courses, which usually include from 10 to 20 sessions. The frequency of the procedure is determined by the attending physician. When assigning, take into account:

• Stage and severity of the disease;
• Condition and age of the patient.

The course can last from several days to several months.

Swedish

The main massage method in Russia is classical or Swedish. Massage is prescribed as a healing procedure and prevention of many diseases. Sessions lead to increased muscle tone, improved movement of blood and lymph through the vessels, and activation of metabolic processes. When massaging the body, the master must follow the zonal sequence:

• The session always begins with working out the back, back of the thighs and legs;
• Then massage the chest, arms, stomach and legs.

At the beginning and end of the procedure, gentle stroking is performed. The intensity of the basic techniques is selected individually, the main thing is the absence of pain during the workout.

Sports

This type of massage was developed for athletes, but it began to be used for hypothermia and as a prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Massage is divided into three types. The objectives of the preliminary massage are to warm up and prepare muscle tissue, ligaments and joints for upcoming loads. It is carried out before physical exercise. Training - during competitions or training. It helps reduce muscle fatigue, maintain the desired physical level and increase the elasticity of ligaments. Recovery sessions are carried out after classes. Their goal is to stimulate metabolic processes, relieve swelling and muscle fatigue, and pain.

Children's

Children's massage is divided into preventive, restorative and therapeutic. Preventive and restorative treatment begins from the age of two months. The purpose of the practice is to help the child’s emotional and physical development. Massage helps strengthen the muscle corset, soothes, relieves muscle hypertonicity, and strengthens the bond between parents and baby. Treatment is carried out when:

• Disorders of the musculoskeletal system;
• Diseases of the respiratory and digestive organs;
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• Overweight.

There is also a children's massage against diseases of the nervous system. The duration and frequency of sessions is determined by the attending physician.

Hygienic

This type is used as an effective means of preventing many diseases, incl. and infertility, to restore performance and as rehabilitation assistance during recovery from injuries. Hygiene techniques are often prescribed along with water procedures, physical therapy and physiotherapy.

Types are divided into restorative ones, which are carried out both at home and in the clinic. Typically, recovery sessions are prescribed after strokes, pinched nerves, or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Therapeutic massage is used against skin diseases, osteochondrosis, dislocations, arthrosis and arthritis.

Cosmetic

These massage systems are constantly being developed and supplemented with new types, techniques, and methods. Cosmetic procedures are equally in demand among both women and men, and are divided into anti-cellulite, anti-aging, and supportive. Rejuvenating and supporting sessions can be carried out both locally and for the whole body. Their role is to slow down the aging process, improve the color and structure of the skin, form new contours, eliminate wrinkles and swelling.

Massage against cellulite deposits includes many techniques: oriental, Japanese, Scandinavian, acupressure, cupping, roller, honey, etc. Some of the techniques are carried out with the obligatory use of additional accessories, others involve only manual influence. During sessions, a massage specialist must use a special anti-cellulite cream, gel, oil or lotion. It increases the effectiveness of the procedure, nourishes the skin and helps the hands glide better over the body.

Features of massage are a deeper effect on the subcutaneous tissue, which is sometimes accompanied by pain.

The results of the sessions are a reduction in body volume, improved blood circulation and lymph flow, a reduction in cellulite deposits, and improved skin condition.

Relaxing

A relaxing massage is aimed at reducing the effects of stress, reducing pain and relieving emotional stress. Relaxation techniques include: oriental and Thai, stone, chocolate, etc. A relaxing massage of individual parts of the body or a general massage can be performed.

At the physical level, during sessions, muscle blocks are removed, blood vessels are released, blood pressure is stabilized, swelling is reduced and muscle fatigue is eliminated. Improves procedures and skin condition.

Regardless of the type and technique, all massage procedures have as their goal:

• Treatment and prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system;
• Improving the functioning of internal organs;
• Improving the movement of blood and lymph;
• Improving the condition of the venous system;
• Weight loss;
• Improved skin condition;
• Increased overall tone;
• Stimulating the immune system;
• Stimulating the nervous system.

Massage also helps to cope with emotional problems. If there were signs of fatigue, sadness, apathy, tearfulness or emotional exhaustion before the massage, then after the massage there will be no trace of them. During sessions, hormones of happiness and joy are produced, which improve mood.

The effect of massage on the body

The anatomical and physiological foundations of massage explain the complex effects of sessions on the body. Even a massage of individual parts of the body will affect all major human systems and organs and will have a beneficial effect on the general condition and immunity.

The effect on the body is at three levels: nervous, mechanical and humoral. During sessions, active mechanical irritation of nerve endings occurs, which are rich in the skin, muscle tissue, and vascular walls. Impulses received from nerve endings enter the central nervous system and reach the human cerebral cortex. In response to irritation, complex reactions begin that lead to functional changes. The mechanism of formation of reactions is described in the book “All about massage” by V.I. Vasichkin.

The result of the mechanical influence depends on the processes prevailing in the central nervous system, the nature of the techniques, the oils used and the duration of treatment. The anatomical and physiological basis of massage explains the humoral factor as the formation and entry into the blood of a large number of tissue hormones. They participate in vascular reactions, in the transmission of nerve impulses, in metabolic processes, etc. Medical researchers have proven that during sessions the formation of histamine-like active substances occurs. They spread along with the blood throughout the body and improve the functioning of internal systems and organs.

Impact on the lymphatic and circulatory system

The massage procedure accelerates the movement of blood and lymph, as well as intercellular fluid. Processes occur not only in the massaged area of ​​the body, but also in all arteries and veins. The body massage procedure also plays an important role in the functioning of capillaries: they open, which helps accelerate redox processes. Tissues receive more oxygen and nutrients, and improved venous circulation facilitates the work of the heart. Some types of training can provoke an increase or decrease in blood pressure and changes in the chemical composition of the blood.

Effect on the nervous system

All existing massage systems affect the central and peripheral nervous system. The cerebral cortex receives many impulses from tactile and temperature stimulation of the skin. The positive effect depends on the nature and type of techniques, as well as muscle sensitivity and susceptibility.

Regular procedures increase the production of axons, slow down the formation of scars and reduce pain, improve the conductivity of nerve impulses and the excitability of nerve endings.

Effect on functional status

Correct and effective massage is a quick way to improve the functional state of the whole body. The impact is divided into:

• Trophic;
• Tonic;
• Energy tropic,
• Calming;
• Normalizing.

The calming effect consists of inhibition of the central nervous system. The effect is achieved by deep and rhythmic stroking and rubbing. The tonic effect is manifested in the stimulation of the central nervous system. It is explained by an increase in the number of impulses coming from nerve endings and an increase in the activity of the reticular formation of the brain. Toning massage is used to eliminate the effects of physical inactivity and injuries. To achieve the desired effect, vigorous and deep kneading of muscle tissue, patting, shaking and rolling are used.

The energy-tropic effect is aimed at improving the functioning of the neuromuscular system. It is expressed in:

• Activation of bioenergetic processes;
• Improving metabolic processes;
• Increased histamine production;
• A local increase in body temperature, which leads to an acceleration of fermentation processes.

Trophic effects are associated with improved blood circulation. This property is used in treatments against muscle weakness, fatigue, loss of sensitivity and after injuries.

Interesting information about massage

There are many interesting facts about massage. The first of them is that gentle stroking can lower blood pressure, calm the nervous system and relieve stress. The sports technique helps remove lactic acid from muscle tissue, which completely eliminates pain after training and competitions.

There are interesting facts about massage for children: regular sessions allow the baby to develop properly, soothe, improve digestion and promote sound sleep. The first sessions can be performed as early as 2 months of life. The effectiveness of a restorative, anti-cellulite or therapeutic session can be judged by increased sweating, thirst and the urge to urinate. And as a result of the restoration processes in the skin after the session, a small rash may occur. This applies to cosmetic and anti-aging procedures.

Among all the practices, there are such as: against hair loss, to improve vision or to facilitate conception. Unusual types include massage with cacti or snakes, knives, snails or fire. In total, massage systems include more than 150 different types, techniques and techniques.

When mechanically applied during a massage, impulses are transmitted through nerve channels to the brain at a speed of 120 m/s. A massage session lasting an hour has the same restorative and relaxing effect on the body as an 8-9 hour sleep.

The earliest form of medical care is also massage. A description of the seances was found on the walls of Akmantor's tomb, and dates back to 2330 BC. And the most diverse massage system is Scandinavian. It has over 250 techniques.

The massage industry is developing rapidly: every day new methods and techniques, techniques, and cosmetic products for improving skin appear. Massage news is published on Internet portals, in magazines, books, educational and information manuals. Despite popular belief, sessions are not only cosmetic in nature and are popular not only among women. Sports techniques are preferred by men - they are distinguished by stronger and deeper development, form a beautiful muscular silhouette, and increase endurance. Sessions are also performed for recovery after long-term illnesses, surgeries, and injuries.

The beneficial effects of massage are explained by humoral, mechanical and nervous factors. They are also responsible for the complexity of the method: even when working on individual different parts of the body, the functioning of all body systems improves.

Another important advantage of the practice is accessibility. You can learn everything about massage, basic techniques and types, and learn how to do it at home in specialized courses and online trainings. Proper self-massage is not inferior to salon procedures in terms of effectiveness and benefits for the body.

Massage from classic to exotic. Complete encyclopedia of systems, types, techniques, methods Eremushkin M. A.

Chapter 1 General concepts about massage

General concepts about massage

1.1. Definition of massage

Although the term “massage” seems to be something primary, “self-explanatory, since it has a completely clear meaning” (Buage, 1950), certain difficulties in its strict interpretation should be pointed out.

The word “massage” entered the Russian language at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries. from the French vocabulary, being derived from the verb “masser” - to rub, which, in turn, was borrowed from the Arabic language: in Arabic “la mass” - to touch, feel (Piganu, Savari, late 19th century). There is another opinion about the origin of the word “massage”, which is that it comes from the Latin “massa” - sticking to the fingers, adopted from the Greek language, where “masso” - squeeze with hands. In search of the ancestor word, it should be mentioned that even in the Hebrew language there was such a concept as “maschesch”, which meant to feel, and in Sanskrit there was a related word “makch”. All these variants of words with similar meanings that are similar in meaning represent reliable evidence of the existence of a certain massage technique in ancient times among different peoples of the world.

In modern languages, which have their common roots in the Latin and Greek alphabets, the word “massage” has approximately the same sound. The same words as “masseur(s)”, “massage” carry a unique national flavor (French masser; English masseur(se), massage; German Masseur, Massage; Polish masazysta(ka), masowac etc.). In the Russian language, for example, there are differences not only phonetically, but also of a deeper semantic nature. Thus, among specialists in the field of massage, it is customary to distinguish between the meaning of the words “massage” - an action performed directly by a massage therapist, and “massage” - massage using a massager (special apparatus). It would not be amiss to point out the existing differences between the concepts of “procedure” and “session” of massage, as well as “patient” and “client” due to the fact that the first options imply an exclusively therapeutic nature of the action, and the second - only a preventive one.

However, such brief definitions are not enough to fully interpret the term “massage”. Attempts to uncover the meaning of this word began a long time ago and proceeded in parallel with the successes achieved in the development of medical science. So, in published in the second half of the 19th century. “The Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl gives the following explanation: “Massage is a treatment by rubbing, kneading.” About the same thing is said in the “Dictionary of the Russian Language” by Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov: “Massage is rubbing the body for a therapeutic purpose.” Similar definitions of the term “massage” were proposed by many foreign philologists: “massage is the action of pressing with hands on various parts of the body and stretching the joints to give them flexibility and stimulate their vitality...” (Littre, 1826); “massage - knead, press with hands on various parts of the body to give flexibility to the muscles” (Laruss, mid-19th century); “to rub, press, knead with hands or using special instruments, for therapeutic or hygienic purposes” (Rober, late 19th century); “by massage we mean techniques (manipulations) aimed at producing various kinds of pressure on the soft parts and in this way directly or indirectly eliminating certain painful conditions” (Riedinger J., 1912), etc., etc. Without trying touch on the main essence of the problem under consideration, these statements correctly emphasize that the use of such manipulations (from the Latin manus - hand) in medical practice serves as a fundamental criterion for defining the concept of “massage”. However, having absorbed the entire spectrum of tactile sensations accessible to perception, such as touch (touch), friction, palpation, grip, slap, push, blow, etc., massage is something more than an incoherent collection manual techniques used for the treatment and prevention of diseases.

The characteristics of massage expressed directly by doctors who are specialists in this field sound more detailed. Thus, according to the conclusion of P Norden (1948), “essentially... massage includes a set of mechanical influences applied to the skin within the framework of hygiene and therapy...”. According to E. de Winter (1975), “Massage can be defined as a treatment by mechanical action, usually manual, applied to the skin and mobilizing soft tissues, without the intention of changing the amplitude of the underlying articular structures.” The concept of massage in this context was used by M. E. Knapp (1990) to characterize organ and systemic manipulation of body tissues in order to influence the nervous and muscular systems, as well as the circulatory system. In the same vein, the definition of massage proposed by doctors V.N. Moshkov and S.A. Zilberstein in the work “Fundamentals of Physiotherapy” (1950) sounds, as a set of techniques through which the hand of a massage therapist exerts a mechanical effect on the patient’s tissues and organs. Similar definitions were given by many other domestic authors. Although in some cases they carry some vagueness in the formulation, there is still a rational grain in these definitions, which consists in the fact that massage is nothing more than a form of mechanical action. It should be noted that back in the middle of the 19th century. the authoritative German surgeon Billroth T. combined massage and medical gymnastics with the general term “mechanotherapy.”

However, the definitions adopted by individual massage therapists are often neither simpler nor particularly accurate. A. Pequnia (1950) emphasized only the mechanism of action of massage: “passive gymnastics of massaged tissues... and gymnastics: a set of bodily exercises. Therefore, massage is a bodily exercise.” Even more inaccurate is the definition of massage given by M. Buage (1950): “various manual techniques performed on the surface of a living organism for therapeutic purposes.” G. Wiala, C. Turpen-Rotival and P Duma (1964) defined massage as “a set of organized, coordinated movements performed on a specific part of the body for hygienic, aesthetic, therapeutic or preventive purposes.” The unacceptability of these definitions is beyond doubt. If you follow the logic of their authors further, you can get to the point where surgery (from the Greek cheir - hand and ergon - action) will also be classified as a kind of massage effect.

To avoid such shortcomings, it is necessary to understand that massage, first of all, is an integral part of one of the main types of physiotherapy - a field of medicine that uses natural factors for therapeutic and preventive purposes, and, in particular, belongs to methods based on the influence of mechanical energy. These include: the massage itself, acupuncture, vibration therapy, ultrasound therapy and barotherapy (Tables 1, 2). All other methods of influencing the skin, even those performed by the hands of a specialist (manually) in the healing process, but using other types of energy, cannot rightfully be called massage. Methods such as manual therapy, mechanotherapy with the help of various devices and implements, as well as therapeutic physical culture, using methodological techniques in the form of influence that combines a motor act and tactile contact of the operator with the patient, following a selected logical sequence, belong to this broader concept, as kinesiotherapy (motion therapy), which, in turn, is also a type of physiotherapy.

Table 1. Types of therapeutic physical factors.

Table 2. Physiotherapeutic methods based on the use of mechanical factors.

Palpation as a technique for semiotic purposes, used at the stage of clinical examination of patients for the purpose of diagnosing a specific disease, also cannot be combined with massage influences. Assuming the interpretation of tactile, thermal, kinesthetic, dynamic sensations in comparison with the examination of the patient and other possible clinical studies, palpation is a set of complex diagnostic techniques and has its own rules of use, different from those with manual massage techniques.

Thus, although professional massage therapists often strive to expand their area of ​​expertise in practice, a strict academic approach to the issue of defining the term “massage” should distinguish between what refers to massage and what to other methods of manual therapy that use the hand as a the main agent of treatment.

The topic of manual massage in the works of the same name was covered in detail mainly by French and German specialists of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. (Brousses J., 1894; Dentz M., 1912; Berne G., 1922, etc.), however, later this issue began to be undeservedly neglected. Nevertheless, there is a unanimous opinion “what is massage?” still no.

Summarizing a brief philological excursion into the history of the meaning of the word “massage” and taking as a basis the opinion of the team of authors of the 3rd edition of the “Big Medical Encyclopedia” edited by B.V. Pokrovsky (1984), we should conclude that today massage is a physiotherapeutic a method that is a set of techniques of ordered, dosed mechanical influence (including mechanical deformation and vibration in the infrasound range), produced by the hands or (less often) feet of a massage therapist or special instruments on various parts of the human body, without penetration through the skin and without mobilization relative to each other segments of the osteoarticular structures of the musculoskeletal system.

However, even this definition, guided by modern ideas on the issue under consideration, is not able to fully reflect the entire essence of such a multifaceted and at the same time capacious concept as “massage”.

1.2. Classification of systems and types of massage

The concept of “modern massage” is far from clear. Over the entire history of the development of massage, such a huge number of various types, subtypes, methods and techniques have been developed that among specialists, especially recently, confusion often began to arise in their names, which, in turn, even led to fundamental disagreements on a number of key issues in massage theory and practice. Depending on the breadth of imagination, the desire for originality and the richness of the vocabulary, different authors have proposed a whole kaleidoscope of original names for forms and methods of massage, such as “Esalen”, “acupressure”, “Swedish massage”, “psi massage”, “star massage” massage”, etc. By what principle can all these and many other such diverse options for massage effects be systematized? How to distinguish them, especially if two different names often mean, in principle, the same sequence of massage manipulations? How to separate the wheat from the chaff? These and a number of other questions remain open to this day.

It is for this reason that the creation of a generalized unified classification of massage today is dictated by an urgent need and is one of the most pressing tasks in the development of massage in the context of medical science, the resolution of which can significantly influence its further progress.

Attempts to solve this problem have been made for a long time. At one time, many both domestic and foreign authors proposed various types of massage gradation options, but each of them suffered from one or another significant drawback. So, for example, in most European countries by the middle of the twentieth century. It was officially accepted to distinguish between hygienic, therapeutic, sports and cosmetic types of massage. Subsequently, they were joined by segmental reflex, acupressure, and hardware massage. With the development of information (communication) technologies, this classification was replenished, firstly, with a number of folk massage systems traditionally used in certain regions of the world - “anmo”, “tuina”, “amma”, “lomi-lomi”, as well as artificially created by various authors private methods that claim to be independent types of massage - myotherapy according to B. Prudden, deep muscle massage according to T. Pfimmer, “Hellerwerk” according to J. Heller, M. Treger method, etc. This process continues like an avalanche today.

Only one bare enumeration of possible options for massage effects or their combination according to any one characteristic feature is not able to give a complete, objective picture of “modern massage”, and most importantly, they often completely distort the very essence of this highly effective therapeutic and prophylactic method, representing a certain interest only for compilation of catalogues, lists and lists. Indeed, the variety of types of massage, the possibility of transition from one form of influence to another through almost imperceptible gradations, and the multiplicity of options create the prerequisites for various descriptive approaches.

The only way out of this situation is a methodological analysis of the fundamental principles of massage effects, carried out in accordance with the logic of the scientific understanding of this problem, which provides the opportunity to overcome the rather primitive level of simple descriptive analysis and reach the level of a more abstract, more general understanding, i.e., the conceptual level, which is of obvious interest in itself. Thus, this approach makes it possible to capture the subtlest processes of massage effects, since massage reveals all its value during theoretical interpretation with its subsequent implementation in practice.

It should be noted that the methodological classification is not only capable of bringing intellectual satisfaction through the harmonious placement of massage methods, which often in practice merge together in a personal style; it presupposes an understanding of the basic principles of action, which, based on a small number of factors, make it possible to characterize many options for massage effects. Of course, the basis of such a unified classification, constructed in a methodological manner, should be the most accurate and complete definition of the term “massage”, which, in turn, would significantly expand the previously accepted framework for the functional use of this concept in medical practice and at the same time clearly and specifically highlight characteristic features unique to this method and not to any other method in the structure of the disciplines of clinical medicine.

Guided by the previously proposed formulation for the definition of the term “massage” (see Chapter 1.1) and the methodological principles of constructing classifications according to the most significant characteristics for a given subject, we should first identify systems and types of massage as the two most general categories that characterize this therapeutic and prophylactic method according to form and content. In turn, depending on their distinctive features, they must be divided into a number of specific groups.

Dwelling on the structure of the massage classification, of course, some clarifications should be made. A particular massage system can be distinguished depending on the time, place and author’s priority in its creation (Table 3). That is, in each specific case, answers to the following questions are implied: in what historical period, in what area and by what people, as well as by whom personally or what group of people was the massage system in question created? For example: the obsolete system of Swedish massage of the Pehr Henrik Ling school or the currently used system of Russian-German (“classical”) massage of the school of V. A. Stange, I. Z. Zabludovsky, etc.

Table 3. Classification of massage systems.

However, today the independent identification of massage systems cannot be considered rational, since it is of historical rather than practical interest. Due to the fact that massage has long gone beyond the scope of applied craft use and acquired the status of a scientifically based therapeutic and preventive method, all over the world strict adherence exclusively to the principles of one or another system increasingly serves primarily entertainment purposes (“massage show”), rather than the treatment of sick people . The inertia of certain rules for performing massage in the context of traditional systems is sometimes so great that their use in the practice of modern medical institutions is often absolutely impossible.

Regarding the classification of types of massage, first of all, it should be noted that they can be divided into five main groups: depending on the purpose of the purpose, the tasks being solved for a particular area of ​​application, the method, the means used and the area of ​​influence (Table 4). Thus, answers to the questions are implied: what, why, who, with what and where?

Table 4. Classification of types of massage.

According to the target setting, types of massage are divided into therapeutic and preventive. In turn, depending on the tasks to be solved, they are divided according to the scope of their application: in medicine, sports practice, cosmetology, manufacturing. In medical practice, the problems of treatment and prevention of certain diseases are solved, in cosmetology - issues of “aesthetic medicine”, in sports - sports medicine, and in production - the prevention of occupational pathology. Thus, regardless of the scope of application, massage is used either for treatment or for the prevention of specific pathological conditions.

Massage methods are divided into groups depending on who performs this or that massage effect. Accordingly: by a massage therapist or independently; options are possible - by several massage therapists at the same time, more often by two - “pair massage” or alternately with each other, as “mutual massage”.

The means used in the massage process, which represent the features of a particular massage technique, are divided into the following groups. The first of them is “basic”. This term refers to the mechanical action traditionally used in massage with hands, feet, instruments (massage rollers, brushes, beaters, etc.) or special devices (massagers). The second group is “combined” massage products, the active agents of which, subject to simultaneous use along with mechanical energy, can be any other therapeutic and prophylactic methods, be it other physical factors (cryomassage, ultrasound therapy, manual underwater massage, etc.) , exercises and methodological techniques of kinesiotherapy (stimulation, therapeutic exercises according to the Muller method, manual therapy, etc.), methods of psychotherapy (Reich therapy, etc.), pharmacotherapy (oil massage, etc.), including including surgical operations (direct cardiac massage).

According to the area of ​​impact, types of massage are divided into three groups: regional, zonal and specialized. In this case, the differences between types of massage are determined by the surface of the body on which certain massage manipulations are performed. With regional massage, the effect is performed layer by layer on the entire body or its parts (upper limb, abdominal area, etc.), with zonal massage - on individual differentiated areas (acupuncture points, trigger zones, connective tissue, periosteum, etc.), and with specialized - on certain organs (uterus, intestines, oral cavity, etc.). This classification does not use the often uncritically accepted name “reflex massage”, since all types of massage involve the use of reflexes (cutaneous-motor, cutaneous-visceral, proprioceptive, etc.).

For greater clarity and accuracy of definitions when using the classification of types of massage, it is necessary to make the following explanations. All types of massage that are part of one group of characteristics can be mutually combined with each other both during one procedure or session, and throughout the entire course of massage. In turn, each type of massage consists of a huge number of private techniques, practical knowledge of which clearly indicates the high professional level of training of the massage therapist himself. It is the use of a specific technique when carrying out one or another form of massage that gives the answer to the fundamental question of how (how) the effect is carried out.

Such methods of massage, which involve the use of auxiliary means (means for sliding hands, a massage couch, sheets, etc.) or without them (“dry massage”, “beach massage”, etc.) should not be classified as a separate group, since they are particular features of a particular massage technique.

Examples of the functional use of this classification of types of massage are the following wording options:

A. a) therapeutic massage for bronchial asthma;

b) performed by a massage therapist;

c) through manual influence;

d) on local areas of the body (chest);

e) according to the method of “intensive massage of asymmetric zones” by O. F. Kuznetsov;

B. a) preventive massage;

b) performed independently (by self-massage);

c) using a roller track massager;

d) on the surface of the entire body;

e) according to the method of A. A. Biryukov and A. N. Burov.

Commenting on the division of types of massage into groups according to their characteristics, it would be appropriate to note that this classification includes only those types of massage that correspond to the definition of the true meaning of the term “massage”, i.e. the use of mechanical influence produced on the human body exclusively with for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. All other massage options that do not meet these criteria cannot even rightfully be called massage and are therefore taken outside the general classification and classified as “profane”. Thus, in “zoomassage” massage is used not of humans, but of animals; in “non-contact massage” it is often not mechanical energy that is used, but some kind of “cosmic healing power”. The same thing is observed in “sexual massage”, which is nothing more than erotic caresses and does not pursue the goals of treating or preventing any diseases, having an exclusively “hedonic” orientation. “Household massage” refers to everyday contact of the human body with mechanical irritants, be it clothing, bed linen, washcloth, etc. (Table 5).

Table 5. List of profane types of massage.

All other terms and concepts used in this classification have previously been introduced into general use by one or another author and therefore do not require additional comments.

In conclusion, it is necessary to note some key aspects of the practical significance of the presented unified classification of systems and types of massage.

Firstly, scientific research conducted on a wide front constantly provides new and interesting factual materials on massage. The possibility of their generalization using this classification can stimulate further targeted development of massage, the development of indications and foundations for its differentiated use.

Secondly, the further accumulation of facts, considered in the light of a unified classification, poses an obstacle to the already widespread empirical trends in massage.

Thirdly, this classification facilitates a harmonious and systematic presentation of the massage course, which cannot be ignored in the era of scientific and technological progress, which requires the training of specialists of high competence and sufficient professionalism.

From the above material, a logical conclusion follows that without a unified classification based on a methodological approach to this problem, it is incredibly difficult to achieve these goals and achieve real practical results in the use of massage as the most effective therapeutic and preventive means of medicine. Massage has long outgrown the scope of both applied crafts and the “secret art of needlework.” Today, it should be considered in the context of the emerging general theory of physiotherapy as a scientifically based method of treating and preventing diseases.

1.3. Indications and contraindications for massage

Massage has a diverse effect on the human body - tonic, sedative, analgesic, actoprotective, vasoactive, trophic, draining, immunostimulating, and in addition, a pronounced sanogenetic effect.

Massage is indicated for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients in various phases of the course of diseases and injuries; it is also used as a means of primary and secondary prevention, for restoration and improvement of physical and mental performance, as a method of physical improvement.

General contraindications that exclude the use of massage include:

General serious condition due to various diseases and injuries;

Acute febrile conditions with high body temperature;

Acute inflammatory process;

Acute pain syndrome requiring the use of narcotic drugs;

Purulent processes of any localization;

Bleeding and tendency to it, scurvy, blood diseases;

Various diseases of the skin, nails, scalp of infectious, fungal and unknown etiology, various skin rashes, lesions, skin irritations, flat warts, pustular and acute inflammatory skin lesions, eczema, acute form of rosacea, herpes, molluscum contagiosum, abrasions and cracks;

Trophic ulcers, gangrene in diseases of peripheral vessels, acute inflammation, thrombosis, significant varicose veins with trophic disorders, angiitis, atherosclerosis of peripheral vessels, thromboangiitis in combination with arteriosclerosis of cerebral vessels, accompanied by cerebral crises, aneurysms of blood vessels, aorta, heart, inflammation of the lymph nodes , blood vessels, enlarged painful lymph nodes adherent to the skin and underlying tissues;

Diseases of the autonomic nervous system during exacerbation;

Allergy with hemorrhagic and other rashes, hemorrhages in the skin, Quincke's edema;

Excessive mental or physical fatigue;

Active form of tuberculosis;

Syphilis of the first and second stages, other acute venereal diseases;

Diseases of the abdominal organs with a tendency to bleeding, after bleeding due to a peptic ulcer, as well as caused by diseases of the female genital area and trauma, nausea, vomiting, pain on palpation of the abdomen (for various diseases);

Chronic osteomyelitis;

Causalgic syndrome after peripheral nerve injury;

Benign and malignant tumors of various locations only before surgical treatment (without surgical treatment for uterine fibroids, massage of the collar area, arms, legs and feet is allowed);

Mental illness with excessive agitation, significantly altered psyche;

Circulatory failure of the third degree, decompensation of the blood circulation of the limb in patients with atherosclerotic occlusions and thromboangiitis, the period of acute hypertensive or hypotensive crises, acute myocardial ischemia that occurs suddenly, severe sclerosis of cerebral vessels with a tendency to thrombosis and hemorrhage;

Bronchiectasis in the stage of tissue decay, pulmonary heart failure of the third degree;

Acute respiratory diseases within two to five days after;

There are contraindications to massage of certain areas. So, with minor skin damage or allergic rashes, you can massage an area significantly distant from the site of the lesion. Abdominal massage is not allowed for hernia, menstruation, gallstones, or kidney stones. You should also not massage the lumbar region, hips with fibroids, during menstruation, or with kidney disease during an acute process. During pregnancy, in the postpartum period and after an abortion, massage of the abdomen, lumbar region and hips is contraindicated for two months; massage of other areas is permitted according to indications.

In some cases, contraindications to massage are temporary, and after the acute inflammatory process, fever, purulent process, exacerbation of diseases of the autonomic nervous system, etc. subsides, massage can be used in accordance with the indications.

Massage is contraindicated when local mechanical effects should be avoided or when there is a risk of replacing it with another more suitable treatment. Thus, Muhlemann D., Cimino J. A. (1990) identified the following contraindications to performing therapeutic muscle stretching (TMR) - “specific muscle stretching performed by a specialist or under his supervision, for patients with impaired function of the musculoskeletal system” (which is a massage manipulation) :

1. Lack of stability. TMR is contraindicated when the integrity or stability of the joints is impaired or these qualities are reduced due to any (pathological) process.

2. Danger of violating the integrity of blood vessels. Violation of the integrity of blood vessels and the occurrence of bleeding can be facilitated by pathological processes or medications (for example, anticoagulants).

3. Inflammation or infection in or around these structures.

4. Acute injury to soft tissues and muscles. TMR should be delayed until scars have formed that can withstand moderate tensile forces.

5. Diseases of soft tissues and muscles. Contraindications can be relative (i.e., TMR is performed or not depending on the condition of the tissue, the qualifications of the specialist, etc.) or absolute (for example, with myositis ossificans).

6. Excessive pain or overreaction by the patient. Any therapeutic procedure is contraindicated if the patient is unable or unwilling to undergo it. If the patient cannot tolerate pain during TMR, even if TMR is performed skillfully and as painlessly as possible, it should be abandoned. In this case, patients are taught to independently perform stretching exercises under the supervision of a specialist.

7. When common sense says NO.

It should also be noted that, according to Corbett M. (1972), in certain cases, the use of massage can lead to negative psychological consequences. In particular, he emphasizes that “tight muscles are often a symptom of anxiety and depression, and the elimination of these conditions gives a temporary effect, while the long-term consequence is often the dependence of patients on massage and even the development of addiction to it, like drug addicts.” When used correctly, massage is a very effective and safe remedy (Alter M. J., 2001).

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Many of us have come across the term “massage” at least once in our lives - be it an advertisement for a miracle exercise machine, a list of services from a medical institution, or a massage recommended by a doctor. Literally, the word “massage” is translated as “knead, rub.” The list of types of massage is impressive: medical massage, cosmetology, children's, sports, anti-cellulite - and that's not all. But, perhaps, the main goal of medical massage is healing and restoration of the body. Medical massage, performed by skillful hands, can indeed work miracles; it is no coincidence that this method of treatment is centuries old, and its geography includes the whole world. We will talk about what medical massage is, what indications and contraindications exist for it, what you need to know when going to a massage therapist.

Any massage, including medical massage, can be general - when the doctor massages the whole body, or local - depending on your disease. Massage methods are very different, but most often - manual and hardware. Usually, a massage therapist combines these methods - with manual massage, he can feel what is happening to the body, how the tissue changes, and the use of devices gives an effect that is not obtained with manual massage. We did not make a reservation when we used the word “doctor” - despite the fact that there are quite a lot of massage tutorials today, medical massage should be performed by a specialist, or you can do self-massage under the guidance of a doctor. By mastering medical massage on your own, you are practically self-medicating: its consequences can be quite unexpected and unpleasant.

How to do medical massage

Let's take a look at the massage therapist's office. Usually, this is a spacious, bright room in which there is a special couch or table; a set of massage devices - from mechanical massagers to an apparatus for electromanual massage and other massage devices; a closet where clean sheets and towels, oil, cream, talc are stored; hourglass or procedural; stopwatch; first aid kit. All these are the most necessary things, without which massage is impossible. And, nevertheless, the main tool of a massage therapist is his hands. Medical massage is therapeutic, which means you need to clearly know exactly how and for how long to massage, and what the patient should do after the procedure. The doctor will tell you about all this before starting the course.

On average, a medical massage session lasts from 3 to 60 or 90 minutes, depending on whether you massage one muscle group or the whole body, daily or every other day - as prescribed by the doctor. The duration of the session depends on the patient’s age, the nature of the disease, and the general condition of the body, but the first few sessions, when the body adapts, are usually a little shorter in duration. The massage course is a minimum of 5 sessions, maximum - 20-25. Medical massage includes standard techniques that have become classic over time. These are familiar stroking, rubbing, kneading, vibration, which are usually supplemented by hardware influence. The degree of impact and the number of repetitions of each of them is determined by the doctor.

What does medical massage treat: indications and contraindications

The range of applications of massage as a means of combating illness is very wide. Judge for yourself: medical massage is used in the treatment of back diseases, angina pectoris, hypertension, some heart diseases, gastritis, even for pain of unknown origin, bruises and sprains, massage is often prescribed. Naturally, each disease has its own methodology, and the stage and period of the disease must always be taken into account. That is why a massage therapist must know human anatomy and physiology, the causes of diseases, and must be able to determine the effectiveness of treatment.

However, medical massage cannot be considered a panacea for all diseases. Like any method or medicine, it has a number of contraindications. Among them are such as: blood diseases, aortic aneurysm, tumors, colds, high fever or acute inflammation of blood vessels, thrombosis. The list of contraindications is quite extensive, but you should not be afraid of this: many of them, such as acute respiratory infections, relate to “temporary” conditions of the body, and after recovery you may well undergo a course of medical massage.

Medical massage and consequences

In addition to the therapeutic effect, medical massage, as you might guess, also affects other systems of the body: after all, the hands of a massage therapist act not only on the diseased organ. The effect of massage is most clearly manifested on the skin: thanks to increased blood supply, venous congestion disappears, metabolic processes are accelerated, both in the skin tissues and in the body. You will notice for yourself: the skin will become smooth and elastic. Massage also affects the nervous system: after it you will feel younger: fatigue will disappear, a feeling of pleasant warmth will appear, pain will decrease or disappear.

Medical massage improves muscle performance while increasing their elasticity. The blood supply to the joints improves, moreover, under the influence of the massage, deposits dissolve. Due to blood supply, heart function also improves. At the same time, massage helps accelerate the flow of lymph - as you know, the lymphatic system serves as a kind of “barrier” to pathogenic bacteria, which means massage has a preventive effect. Thus, even if you have chosen medical massage as a method of treatment, be prepared for the fact that you will change for the better - both externally and internally.

First session: what you need to know when coming for a medical massage

There are no strict restrictions or rules for massage, but still, if you decide to sign up for a medical massage, pay attention to the following recommendations. Make sure that the skin at the site of the upcoming massage is clean and not injured - that is, without scratches or cuts: otherwise the massage may be painful, and there is a risk of infection. By the way, for the same reason, you should not shave your hair before the session, but it is advisable to take a shower.

It is best to come for a medical massage no earlier than an hour after eating. An exception is abdominal massage, which is done either an hour before meals or no earlier than 3 hours after meals. After the session, it is advisable to lie down for 10-15 minutes. During massaging, the muscles should be relaxed for greater effect. It is recommended to remove jewelry: chains, rings or earrings (depending on which area will be massaged), lenses or glasses.

Medical massage - results

Of course, it is impossible to cure a disease using only medical massage as a medicine. But in combination with other treatment methods, physiotherapy, acupuncture, and taking into account medical supervision, medical massage can have a significant impact on the course of treatment. It is no coincidence that many undergo a course of medical massage more than once - 2-3 times a year.

In principle, one can say about almost any type of this “dosed physical effect on the body” - medical massage. After all, all types of massage are one way or another designed to help a person physically and psychologically. The only difference is that classic medical massage is still aimed at treating the disease.