Inhaler for cough inhalation. The most effective medications for inhalation with a nebulizer. Video on how to use a compressor nebulizer

Since ancient times, one of the most effective and safest ways to overcome seasonal colds and flu has been inhalation, which traditionally consisted of inhaling hot vapors of herbal decoctions.

Today, doctors all over the world highly appreciate the effect of nebulizer therapy - inhalation using special devices - inhalers or nebulizers, this is primarily due to the effectiveness and safety of this treatment method. The therapeutic effect in this procedure is achieved by transporting the drug in the form of an aerosol directly to the site of inflammation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys and other organs and systems.

Inhalation is used in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, chronic and other respiratory diseases.

Ukrainian pharmacies offer a fairly wide selection of inhalers. Operating principle such devices - converting the drug into an aerosol using a compressor or ultrasonic vibrations.

It should be noted that the possibility of reaching foci of inflammation, the depth of penetration of the drug into the upper or lower respiratory tract, directly depends on the size of the aerosol particles. A unique feature of some inhalers is that the device converts the aerosol into very small (up to 5 microns) particles. This allows the medicine to penetrate simultaneously into the upper and, importantly, reach the lower respiratory tract, bronchioles and alveoli in the concentration required for the therapeutic effect.

Inhalers, as a rule, are equipped with a built-in timer; if not, then on average, the duration of the inhalation procedure is 10 minutes. Some devices are equipped with an automatic shut-off mode, which makes the therapy session easier. Also, in some devices it is possible to regulate the speed of aerosol supply into the respiratory tract: for adults it is higher, for children it is lower.

Today in Ukraine there are not many medical institutions that are equipped with the new generation of nebulizers. Basically, devices made in the USSR are used, which have gone through more than one maintenance cycle. Now everyone can take care of their health using their personal nebulizer inhaler without leaving home or visiting a clinic, especially in cold weather, when the effect of inhalation is reduced.

What is the difference between a compressor and an ultrasonic nebulizer?

Compressor inhalers nebulizers

An electric compressor supplies a powerful air stream to the spray chamber, where upon contact with the medicine, a polydisperse aerosol containing particles less than 5 microns is formed, which is optimal for the medicine to enter the lungs.

The positive properties of a compressor inhaler are its versatility in the use of medications. The disadvantage of such a device is the noise factor; a compressor nebulizer is considered noisier than ultrasonic devices.

Ultrasonic inhalers and nebulizers

An aerosol is formed by exposing the liquid to ultrasonic vibrations generated by a piezoelectric element. About 90% of aerosol particles are 2-3 microns in size, due to which they reach the small bronchi and bronchioles. Disadvantages: restrictions on the use of certain types of medications. Advantages: noiselessness.

What determines the level of drug penetration into the respiratory tract?

The depth to which aerosol particles penetrate the respiratory tract depends on the size of the aerosol particles. It has been established that particles of 5-10 microns in size are deposited in the oropharynx, larynx and trachea, 2-5 microns - in the lower respiratory tract (middle and small bronchi), 0.5-2 microns - in the alveoli, less than 0.5 microns are not retained in the lungs and are exhaled. All this information is taken into account when developing modern inhalers and creating drugs for inhalation treatment.

What are the benefits of inhalation therapy?

• Possibility of direct and rapid impact on the area of ​​inflammation
• The inhaled substance is practically not absorbed into the blood. No side effects on other organs
• High penetrating ability (up to the alveoli)
• Use of medications whose aerosol can only be obtained in this way (antibiotics, sputum thinners)
• Possibility of using inhalation therapy in patients of all ages, as well as during exacerbations

Medicines for use in inhalers and nebulizers

Natural and essential oils

Inhaling essential oils is an effective method of aromatherapy. You should use different oils with caution; the selection of oils should be individual. Before using essential oils, you should always consult your doctor. When using essential oils, their concentration should not exceed 5%.

Alkaline solutions

Sodium bicarbonate. A 2% solution is used to thin the mucus and create an alkaline environment at the site of inflammation. Ten-minute inhalation increases the efficiency of removing mucopurulent discharge from the nasal cavity by more than 2 times.

Saline solutions

Sodium chloride. The 0.9% solution does not irritate the mucous membranes; it is used to soften them, to cleanse and rinse the nasal cavity in case of contact with caustic substances. A 2% hypertonic solution helps cleanse the nasal cavity of mucopurulent contents.

Bronchodilators

Atrovent - has both a direct bronchodilator effect and a similar preventive effect, causes a decrease in the secretion of the bronchial glands and prevents the development of bronchospasm. In a solution for inhalation through a nebulizer, apply 1 ml 3 to 5 times a day for adults.

Salbutamol - relieves bronchospasm, reduces bronchial resistance and increases lung capacity

Berotec (fenoterol) - for inhalation through a nebulizer, used in the form of a 0.1% solution of 2 ml 3-4 times a day in order to obtain a rapid bronchodilator effect.

Berodual is a fast-acting drug with a duration of action of up to 5-6 hours, which allows it to be used to relieve bronchospasm.

Mucolytics

Acetylcysteine ​​- used for inhalation through a nebulizer in the form of a 20% solution of 2-4 ml 3-4 times a day.

Mucomist - for inhalation, an ampoule solution is used, containing 0.2 g of the active substance in 1 ml.

Lazolvan - for inhalation therapy can be used for obstructive chronic bronchitis in the acute stage. That's why, inhalations for obstructive bronchitis can be treated with lazolvan.

Pulmicort - a suspension of 0.25 mg is used 2-3 times a day.

Antibiotics

Dioxidin is an antimicrobial drug that also acts on strains of bacteria resistant to various antibiotics, in the form of a 1% solution.

Furacilin (1:5000) affects gram-positive and gram-negative microbes; Inhalations are effective in acute phases of upper respiratory tract diseases. Inhalations are recommended 2 times a day in an amount of 2-5 ml.

Malavit is a powerful antiseptic and antibacterial agent with antiviral and antifungal, as well as analgesic properties.

Tubazid - used as a 6% solution, 21 ml twice a day.

Streptomycin - for inhalation therapy, use a freshly prepared solution of streptomycin in an isotonic sodium chloride solution at the rate of 0.2 - 0.25 g of streptomycin in 3-5 ml of sodium chloride solution daily.

What drugs are used for inhalation?

Currently, a number of drugs for nebulization are registered in Ukraine (the information below is for informational purposes only and is not a basis for recommendation to patients without a doctor’s prescription). Some of them are presented below.

Cough inhalations: mucolytics (sputum thinners)

Ambroxol hydrochloride (Lazolvan, Beringenr, Ingelheim) amp. 2 ml (15 mg)

Ambroxol hydrochloride (Ambrobene, Ratiopharm) solution for ing. fl. 100 ml

Inhalations for the common cold: Antibacterial agents

Amikacin (Lorikacin, Exir Pharmaceutical Co) amp. 50/250mg/2 ml

Lincomycin hydrochloride (Lincocin, Pharmacia N.V. / S.A.) fl. 300 mg/ 2 ml

Inhalations for the treatment of throat and nose. Antiseptics

Dioxidin amp. 0.5% 10 ml

Furacillin fl. 200, 400 ml

Miramistin fl. 0.01% 200 ml

Humidifiers: rehydrators of the respiratory mucosa

Saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride solution) vial. 200, 400 ml

Mineral alkaline waters “Luzhanskaya”, “Polyana Kvasova”, “Borjomi”, etc.

Sodium bicarbonate (solution 0.5-2%) fl. 200, 400 ml

Inhalations with a nebulizer: preparation of solutions for a nebulizer

1. Drugs that dilate the bronchi (Bronchodilators)

Berodual, active ingredient: fenoterol and ipratropium bromide (solution for inhalation) – Prevention and treatment of suffocation in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases. The most effective of bronchodilators, has the least side effects.

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 2 ml (40 drops) of the drug per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

— Children from 6 to 12 years old – 1 ml (20 drops) of the drug per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

— Children under 6 years old – 0.5 ml (10 drops) of the drug per 1 inhalation, up to 3 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 3 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Berotek, active ingredient: fenoterol (0.1% solution for inhalation) –

To relieve an attack of bronchial asthma:

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 0.5 ml (0.5 mg – 10 drops), in severe cases – 1 ml (1 mg – 20 drops)

- Children 6–12 years old (body weight 22–36 kg) – 0.25-0.5 ml (0.25-0.5 mg – 5-10 drops), in severe cases – 1 ml (1 mg – 20 drops)

Prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:

— Adults and children over 6 years old – 0.5 ml (0.5 mg – 10 drops) per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

— Children under 6 years old (body weight less than 22 kg) – 0.25-1 ml (0.25-1 mg – 5-20 drops), up to 3 times a day

Salgim, Ventolin Nebula , active ingredient: salbutamol (0.1% solution for inhalation) – Relief of asthma attacks, prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect is significantly inferior to Berotek

— Adults and children – 2.5 ml (2.5 mg) per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day with an interval between inhalations of at least 6 hours

Intended for use undiluted

Atrovent, active ingredient: ipratropium bromide (0.025% solution for inhalation) – Relief of asthma attacks, prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect is somewhat inferior to Berotek and salbutamol preparations, but the main advantage is the safety of use

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 0.5 mg (40 drops) per 1 inhalation, 3–4 times a day

— Children 6–12 years old – 0.25 mg (20 drops) per 1 inhalation, 3–4 times a day

- Children under 6 years old - 0.1–0.25 mg (8-20 drops) per 1 inhalation, 3–4 times a day (under medical supervision).

2. Drugs that thin sputum (Mucolytics) and remove phlegm (Secretolytics, expectorants)

Fluimucil, ACC Inject , active ingredient: acetylcysteine ​​(10% solution for injection) – Impairment of sputum discharge from the lower respiratory tract, facilitation of mucous secretion in the upper respiratory tract

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 3 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

— Children from 6 to 12 years old – 2 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

— Children from 2 to 6 years old – 1-2 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Course of treatment – ​​no more than 10 days

Acetylcysteine ​​preparations should not be used simultaneously with antibiotics, because they reduce the absorption of antibiotics. In cases where simultaneous administration of acetylcysteine ​​and an antibiotic is required, either another form of the drug is used: “Fluimucil-antibiotic”, or other mucolytic drugs compatible with antibiotics are used (for example, based on ambroxol). It should be noted that the use of acetylcysteine ​​preparations reduces the toxic effect of paracetamol on the liver.

Lazolvan, Abmbrobene, active ingredient: ambroxol (solution for inhalation and oral administration) – Acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract with the release of viscous sputum

— Adults and children over 6 years old – 2-3 ml of solution per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

— Children from 2 to 6 years old – 2 ml of solution per 1 inhalation 1-2 times a day

— Children under 2 years old – 1 ml of solution per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, the recommended dose of the drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:1

Course of treatment – ​​no more than 5 days

Ambroxol-based drugs should not be used simultaneously with antitussive drugs (for example: codeine, libexin, falimint, broncholitin, pectusin, sinekod, etc.). The use of ambroxol preparations promotes good absorption of antibiotics.

Narzan, Borjomi (weakly alkaline mineral waters) – Moisturizing the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract

— For 1 inhalation use 3-4 ml of mineral water, 2-4 times a day.

Before inhalation, mineral water should be left to degas.

Sinupret, homeopathic herbal medicine (drops based on plant extracts: gentian root, sorrel, primrose, elderberry, verbena) – Restores the protective properties and reduces swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract in acute and chronic sinusitis. Promotes the outflow of exudate from the paranasal sinuses

— For adults and children over 16 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

— For children from 2 to 6 years old – in a ratio of 1:3 (3 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

Gedelix, herbal medicine (drops based on ivy extract) – Diseases of the upper respiratory tract and bronchi with difficult to separate sputum, cough (including dry)

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

— For adults and children over 10 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

— For children under 10 years of age – in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Cough syrup , herbal medicine (powder (for children and adults) for preparing a solution based on plant extracts: anise, licorice root, marshmallow root, thermopsis) – Respiratory tract diseases accompanied by cough, especially with difficult sputum discharge

To prepare an inhalation solution, the contents of 1 package should be dissolved in 15 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment.

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Mukaltin, herbal medicine (tablets based on marshmallow root extract) – Expectorant for diseases of the respiratory tract and lungs

To prepare an inhalation solution, dissolve 1 tablet in 80 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment.

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Pertusin, herbal medicine (solution based on plant extract: thyme, thyme) – Expectorant for tracheitis, bronchitis, whooping cough

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

— For adults and children over 12 years old – in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

— For children under 12 years of age – in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

3. Anti-inflammatory drugs

Rotokan, herbal medicine (alcohol infusion of plant extracts: calendula, chamomile, yarrow) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the upper and middle respiratory tract

For 1 inhalation, use 4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Propolis, herbal medicine (tincture) – Inflammatory processes, pain and injuries of the upper and middle respiratory tract

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:20 (1 ml of the drug per 20 ml of saline)

Contraindications – allergies to bee products

Eucalyptus, herbal medicine (alcohol tincture) – Inflammatory diseases of the upper and middle respiratory tract

A solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting 10-15 drops of the drug in 200 ml of saline solution

For 1 inhalation use 3 ml of the resulting solution, 3-4 times a day

Contraindications – bronchial asthma, bronchospasm (suffocation)

Malavit, dietary supplement (alcohol tincture based on minerals and plant extracts) – Acute inflammatory diseases and pain of the upper and middle respiratory tract

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline solution in a ratio of 1:30 (1 ml of the drug per 30 ml of saline solution)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Tonsilgon N, homeopathic herbal medicine (drops based on plant extracts: marshmallow root, walnut leaves, horsetail, chamomile, yarrow, oak bark, dandelion) – Acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis)

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

— For adults and children over 7 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

— For children from 1 to 7 years old – in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

— For children under 1 year of age – in a ratio of 1:3 (3 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Calendula, herbal medicine (alcohol infusion of calendula extract) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:40 (1 ml of the drug per 40 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation use 4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day

4. Anti-inflammatory hormonal drugs (Glucocorticosteroids) and antiallergic drugs (Antihistamines)

Pulmicort, active ingredient: budesonide (suspension for inhalation, available in “child” (0.25 mg/ml) and “adult” (0.5 mg/ml) dosages) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract (bronchial asthma, chronic disease lungs) requiring treatment with hormonal drugs. Has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects.

Adults/elderly and children over 12 years of age – 1 mg per 1 inhalation, 1-3 times a day

— Children from 6 months. and up to 12 years – 0.25 mg per 1 inhalation, 1-3 times a day

This drug is not used in ultrasonic nebulizers. If a single dose of the drug is less than 2 ml, then saline solution should be added to increase the volume of the inhaled solution to 2 ml. In other cases, the drug is inhaled in its pure form (without dilution in saline).

Daily dose of the drug:

0.25 mg/ml – 1 ml 0.25 mg/ml

0.5 mg/ml – 2 ml 0.25 mg/ml

0.75 mg/ml – 3 ml 0.25 mg/ml

1 mg/ml – 4 ml of 0.25 ml/mg or 2 ml of 0.5 mg/ml

1.5 mg/ml – 3 ml 0.5 mg/ml

2 mg/ml – 4 ml 0.5 mg/ml

Dexamethasone, (0.4% solution for injection, 4 mg/ml) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract requiring treatment with hormonal drugs

For 1 inhalation, use 0.5 ml (2 mg) of the drug, up to 4 times a day.

The course of treatment is no more than 7 days

To prepare an inhalation solution, 3 ml of saline solution should be added to the recommended dose of the drug.

You can also pre-dilute ampoules with the drug in saline solution in a ratio of 1:6 (6 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3-4 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

Cromohexal, active ingredient: cromoglycic acid (solution for inhalation, 20 mg / 2 ml) – Has anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic effects.

For adults and children over 2 years of age, inhale the contents of 1 bottle (without dilution with saline) 4 times a day, if possible, at equal time intervals.

5. Antimicrobial and antibacterial drugs (Antibiotics and Antiseptics)

Fluimucil antibiotic, active ingredient: acetylcysteine ​​and thiamphenicol (powder for injection and inhalation complete with solvent) – The need for simultaneous administration of an antibiotic and a drug that dilutes and removes sputum and mucus from the lower and upper respiratory tract

To prepare the drug, add 5 ml of solvent (1 ampoule) to the bottle with the powder. The resulting preparation should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day, before use it should be warmed to room temperature.

— Adults and children over 12 years old – ½ bottle (250 mg) for 1 inhalation 1-2 times a day

— Children under 12 years old – ¼ bottle (125 mg) for 1 inhalation 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 2 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Furacilin, active ingredient: nitrofural (0.024% aqueous solution, 1:5000) – Has disinfectant properties. Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, prevention of infection penetration into deeper parts of the bronchial tree

For inhalation, use a ready-made solution of furatsilin (in its pure form, without dilution in saline) 4 ml per 1 inhalation 2 times a day. This solution must be ordered from the production department of the pharmacy.

You can prepare the solution yourself by dissolving 1 tablet of furatsilin in 100 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment. Inhale 4 ml of the resulting solution 2 times a day.

Dioxidine, (0.5% or 1% solution for injection) – Has broad-spectrum disinfectant properties.

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:4 for a 1% drug or in a ratio of 1:2 for a 0.5% drug.

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 2 times a day.

Chlorophyllipt , herbal medicine (1% alcohol infusion based on chlorophyll from eucalyptus leaves) – Staphylococcal respiratory tract infection

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:10 (1 ml of the drug per 10 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation, use 3 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

The product stains very strongly and cannot be washed off!

Gentamicin, (4% gentamicin sulfate solution for injection, 40 mg/ml) – Respiratory tract infections

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 0.5 ml (20 mg) of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

— Children from 2 to 12 years old – 0.25 ml (10 mg) of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, 3 ml of saline solution should be added to the recommended dose of the drug. You can also pre-dilute ampoules with the drug in saline solution:

For adults and children over 12 years old - in a ratio of 1:6 (6 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3-4 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

For children from 2 to 12 years old - in a ratio of 1:12 (12 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

Miramistin, (0.01% solution) – Broad-spectrum antiseptic. Treatment of respiratory tract infections, including those accompanied by purulent discharge

For inhalation, adults and children over 12 years of age use a ready-made 0.01% solution of Miramistin (in its pure form, without dilution in saline), 4 ml per 1 inhalation 3 times a day.

For children under 12 years of age, to prepare an inhalation solution, the drug should be diluted with saline solution in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhaled 3-4 ml per 1 inhalation 3 times a day.

Dekasan for inhalation

Dekasan- active against most gram-negative, gram-positive microorganisms - the causative agent of diphtheria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococci, staphylococci.

Children over 12 years old and adults,for inhalation with a nebulizer,Decasan can not be diluted with saline, and use a solution of 0.2 mg/ml, 5-10ml per inhalation 1-2 times a day.

For inhalation, dekasan is used in diluted form for children. For children under 12 years of age, Dekasan is diluted with saline solution in a 1:1 ratio. For one inhalation you need to buy Dekasan 0.2 mg/ml. and with each inhalation mix 2 ml of decasan and 2 ml. saline solution. Inhalations are carried out 1-2 times a day.

6. Immunomodulators

Interferon, (powder for preparing nasal drops) – Prevention and treatment of influenza, as well as other acute respiratory viral infections.

To prepare the drug, open the ampoule with the powder, pour boiled or distilled water at room temperature into it to the 2 ml mark, and shake gently.

For 1 inhalation, use 2 ml of the resulting solution, 2 times a day.

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 1 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Derinat, active ingredient: sodium disoribonucleate (0.25% solution for external use) – Prevention and treatment of influenza, ARVI and other viral infections of the upper respiratory tract and their complications

For 1 inhalation use 2 ml of the drug, 2 times a day.

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 2 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

7. Vasoconstrictor (decongestant) drugs

Adrenalin(Epinephrine), active ingredient: epinephrine (0.1% solution of adrenaline hydrochloride for external use or injection) – Bronchospasm (attack of suffocation), allergic laryngeal edema, laryngeal edema with laryngitis, laryngotracheitis and croup

— Adults and children over 2 years old – 0.5 ml of the drug once, repeat the procedure if necessary

— Children under 2 years old – 0.25 ml of the drug once, repeat the procedure if necessary

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 3 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

You can also pre-dilute the drug in saline:

For adults and children over 2 years old - in a ratio of 1:6 (6 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

For children under 2 years of age - in a ratio of 1:12 (12 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

Use with caution, increases heart rate! Do not use without consulting a doctor!

Naphthyzin, active ingredient: naphazoline (nasal drops, 0.05% and 0.1% solution) – Allergic stenosis (swelling) of the larynx, stenosis (swelling) of the larynx with laryngitis, laryngotracheitis and croup

To prepare an inhalation solution, the 0.05% drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:5 (for 1 ml of the drug, 5 ml of saline) or the 0.1% drug should be diluted in a ratio of 1:10 (for 1 ml of the drug, 10 ml saline solution).

To relieve swelling, inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution once, and repeat the procedure if necessary.

8. Antitussives

Lidocaine, (2% solution of lidocaine hydrochloride) – Obsessive dry cough. Local anesthetic effect

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 2 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

— Children from 2 to 12 years old – 1 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 2 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Use with caution, there are very serious contraindications! Do not use without consulting a doctor!

Tussamag, herbal medicine (drops based on thyme extract) – Diseases of the upper respiratory tract accompanied by a non-productive cough

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

— For adults and children over 17 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

— For children from 6 to 16 years old – in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

— For children from 1 to 5 years old – in a ratio of 1:3 (3 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Rules for inhalation

1. Inhalations should be taken no earlier than 1-1.5 hours after meals, and you should not be distracted by conversation. After inhalation, it is not recommended to talk, eat, or go outside for 1 hour (in cool weather).

2. For diseases of the upper respiratory tract (nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx), inhalation and exhalation must be done through the nose using a mask. Breathe calmly, without tension.

3. For diseases of the middle respiratory tract (throat, larynx), inhalation and exhalation should be done through the mouth using a mask. You should breathe calmly as usual

4. For diseases of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, it is recommended to inhale the aerosol through the mouth using a mouthpiece. Breathe deeply and evenly.

5. Most solutions for inhalation are prepared using saline 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) as a solvent and humectant. The original drug is diluted with saline in certain proportions.

6. The prepared solution should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day. Be sure to warm to room temperature before use.

7. When prescribing several drugs simultaneously, the order should be observed. A bronchodilator is inhaled first, after 15-20 minutes a sputum thinner and remover is inhaled, then, after the sputum is discharged, an antibiotic or anti-inflammatory drug is inhaled.

8. The course of treatment depends on the complexity of the disease and the drug used (from 5 to 10 days)

9. Although nebulizer therapy does not apply to thermal physiotherapeutic procedures, it is nevertheless not recommended to perform inhalations at elevated body temperatures

10. It is prohibited to use oil preparations in nebulizers. Various oils are used to treat diseases only of the upper respiratory tract, for which exposure to coarse particles is sufficient, therefore steam inhalers are used for inhalation of oils. The nebulizer produces fine particles. When using oil solutions, fine particles of oil enter the lungs, and this significantly increases the risk of developing so-called oil pneumonia. Also, the use of essential oils in nebulizers increases the risk of allergies due to the high concentration of active substances in the lungs.

11. Most nebulizers do not allow the use of self-prepared decoctions and infusions of herbs, since they have a suspension that is much larger than aerosol particles and the nebulizer cannot miss them, which in turn can lead to damage to the device. For the same reason, suspensions and syrups are not used in nebulizers (with the exception of special suspensions for inhalation). Although there are nebulizers that can work with herbal decoctions.

12. Medicines such as Eufillin, Papaverine, Diphenhydramine and the like cannot be used in nebulizers, since they do not have “points of application” on the mucous membrane.

Disinfection of the nebulizer chamber and masks.

1. Lisetol AF (Schalke and Mayer, Germany) 4% - 30 min

2. Septodor Forte (Dorvet LTD, Israel) 0.4% - 10 min

Treatment of the runny nose and other respiratory diseases using inhalation has been known to mankind for more than a thousand years; Avicenna, in his scientific treatises on medicine, described this method of delivering a medicinal solution to the site of inflammation. With the advent of modern nebulizers, which are capable of turning medicinal decoctions, solutions and drugs into a fine mist that penetrates even the alveoli of the lungs, inhalation has again become popular.

Nebulizers are used to treat rhinitis, sinusitis, laryngitis and bronchitis, as well as some types of sore throat and pneumonia. They are often advertised on TV, there are programs dedicated to their choice; in addition, the nebulizer is a favorite topic for mothers in line to see the pediatrician. However, many make the mistake of believing that using a nebulizer in itself guarantees relief from the disease.

The therapeutic effect is not exerted by the inhaler, but by the drug introduced into the body through the use of this device. Therefore, the effectiveness of treatment depends not on the brand and type of nebulizer, but on what product is poured into it to convert it into an aerosol.

Before pouring any solution into the inhaler container, you should make sure whether this type of drug can be used for this type of nebulizer. The thing is that the list of drugs used for different devices has its limitations.

Thus, oily solutions can only be poured into coarse devices that produce aerosols that are unable to penetrate deeper than the nasopharynx. If you ignore this recommendation and use oily drugs for inhalation in a nebulizer that sprays a liquid 1–2 microns in size that can penetrate the trachea and alveoli, you can get complications in the form of oil pneumonia.

In addition, you can break a nebulizer that is not designed to spray such a liquid, but this is a secondary problem.

When treating a runny nose, you can often hear recommendations about inhaling a decoction of herbs that have anti-inflammatory, moisturizing and antiseptic properties. Such procedures are possible only with the use of herbal decoctions included in the list of permitted ones in the instructions. Most compressor and strainer devices are incompatible with this type of liquid.

A nebulizer is used not only to treat a runny nose; it can be used to administer antibiotics, glucocorticoids and mucolytics for complicated bronchitis or pneumonia. But you should know that such drugs can only be administered using a compressor, but under the influence of ultrasound, these complex molecular substances lose their medicinal abilities.

With a runny nose

When treating a runny nose, moisturizing inhalations with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution are popular, as well as using alkaline mineral waters, for example, Borjomi, Essentuki No. 4, which not only prevent the mucous membrane from drying out, but also restore it.

When treating a bacterial rhinitis, one cannot do without the use of antibacterial and antiseptic drugs. Can be used half diluted with saline solution to treat purulent runny nose.

Also suitable for eliminating fungal and bacterial infections in the oropharynx and nasal passages are Gentamicin, Chlorophyllipt, Furacilin or Dioxidin, which have disinfecting abilities, while affecting only the mucous membrane, without penetrating into the blood and without affecting the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. When using a nebulizer for antiseptic therapy in the treatment of bacterial rhinitis, you should use only a freshly prepared solution, and also observe the proportions and dosage.

In acute sinusitis, to remove exudate from the paranasal sinuses, as well as relieve inflammation, inhalations with the homeopathic drug Sinupret are used, which contains extracts of many medicinal plants, including primrose, gentian, sorrel, verbena, known for their mucolytic and anti-inflammatory abilities. In the event that there is no allergy to plant components, it is possible to administer herbal medicines Retokan, Propolis, which also relieve inflammation of the mucous membrane and help restore nasal breathing.

For children under 3 years of age, inhalations are used only after examination by a doctor and his recommendations. Uncontrolled use of the procedure can lead to swelling of mucus in the narrow airways, which can lead to obstruction.

For sore throat

For throat diseases such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis and laryngotracheitis, a nebulizer is also used to administer medications and solutions.

Antibacterial therapy is based on the use of the same solutions as in the treatment of a runny nose. In case of swelling of the larynx, characteristic of allergic reactions, acute tonsillitis, as well as false croup against the background of laryngitis, a single injection of a solution of Epinephrine or Naphthyzine is administered. To prepare a solution, 0.5 ml of the drug is diluted in 3 ml of saline solution.

To eliminate inflammatory processes in the throat, herbal preparations such as Tonsilgon or calendula extract are used.

For dry and wet cough

For dry, non-productive cough, you can use it at the beginning of treatment. After filling the nebulizer with 5 ml of Borjomi, you should inhale for up to 10 minutes. During the day, you can carry out 4-5 inhalation sessions. As a rule, on the 2nd day of such therapy, the cough will moisten and sputum will be released.

For dry, suffocating cough caused by asthma, inhalations with bronchodilators, such as Albuterol, Berodual, Bortek, as well as drugs based on Salbutamol, are used to alleviate the condition.

If a dry cough is a symptom of acute respiratory infections, mucolytics are used - drugs that dilute sputum for further expectoration. The nebulizer is suitable for administering medications such as Mucaltin solution, Ambrobene, Fluimicil, ACC, which contribute to the transition of a painful cough into a more productive, moist one. When treating a runny nose and cough with inhalations, you should remember that the nebulizer is not suitable for administering sugar-containing drugs, and remove the solutions.

For wet cough, inhalation procedures are carried out only on the recommendation of a doctor. If there are indications for the use of such procedures, the recommended treatment agents are special solutions for administration into the body in the form of an aerosol - Ambroxol, Lazolvan, Ambrohexal.

For bronchitis

A nebulizer is simply irreplaceable for those diagnosed with bronchial asthma. This is a chronic disease that requires constant use of medications, the administration of which through inhalation reduces the risk of side effects.

The list of medications, as well as their dosage, is determined by the attending physician. Most often, bronchodilators are prescribed for bronchial asthma, such as. In case of complications, Bortek or is prescribed, which eliminate an attack of suffocation.

Glucocorticosteroids and antihistamines are also prescribed for bronchial asthma. Only compressor and mesh nebulizers are suitable for administering this group of drugs in the form of a fine aerosol.

Effective means to relieve swelling of the lower respiratory tract:

• Pulmicort is a suspension for inhalation, suitable for the treatment of adults and children. It has anti-inflammatory effects and also eliminates swelling due to an allergic reaction. Pulmicort is often used in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary inflammation as a complementary therapy to the administration of antibiotics.
• Cromohexal is a solution for inhalation for asthma and allergic bronchial edema.
• Dexamethasone is a strong drug designed to eliminate inflammation in the lower respiratory tract.
• In case of bacterial nature of inflammatory diseases in the bronchi and alveoli, it is effective to use inhalations with the antibiotic Fluimicil, which also helps to thin the sputum.

Before you begin treatment of the respiratory tract with inhalations, you should consult a doctor, who will prescribe the correct dosage of solutions, as well as the frequency of administration. Self-medication can lead to serious complications.

A cough accompanies and can unsettle you from your usual rut for a long time. To treat it, it is extremely useful to perform inhalations with various drugs, and if previously only steam inhalations were possible at home, then with the advent of nebulizers on sale, it has become possible for everyone to increase the effectiveness of treatment for this unpleasant symptom.

Like any therapeutic technique, inhalation with a nebulizer must be performed in compliance with a number of rules. In the article we will introduce you to them and those medicinal substances that can be used to treat cough with an inhaler.

What models of nebulizers are suitable for treating cough?

The most universal model is the compressor nebulizer.

For inhalation when coughing, it is better to use one that can create an aerosol from the drug without heating the solution. It is advisable to opt for a model capable of producing fairly small aerosol particles, the size of which does not exceed 5–10 microns.

In pharmacies you can find three types of nebulizers:

• compressor - can produce small particles, but have quite large dimensions and create a high noise level during operation;
• ultrasonic – can produce particles of various sizes, are compact and silent, but cannot be used for spraying hormones and antibacterial drugs;
• electronic mesh - the most versatile and expensive devices that produce particles of various sizes, are easy to use for children and bedridden patients, are silent, and can be used for spraying any medications for nebulizers.

Before purchasing a nebulizer, be sure to make sure that the model you choose meets the requirements that you will place on it. Your doctor will help you make a list of such characteristics.

How to prepare for inhalation?

Inhalation with a nebulizer for coughing should be performed one and a half hours after physical activity or eating. Be sure to make sure that your temperature is not elevated, and if it rises to 37.5 °C, refuse the procedure. It is necessary to take expectorants or gargle with antiseptic solutions an hour before inhalation. Wear comfortable clothes that do not restrict breathing, and stop smoking an hour before the procedure (it is better not to smoke at all during the treatment period).

Before inhalation, wash your hands and assemble the device according to the instructions. Plug in the nebulizer or insert batteries into a portable model. Be sure to make sure that the device’s container is sealed - fill the reservoir with water and make sure that it does not leak. Prepare a face mask and a small cotton towel.

Prepare the medicinal solution for inhalation that your doctor prescribed for you. To do this, pour the medicine into the nebulizer container and add sterile water for injection or saline solution (up to the mark on the tank). If you are using a solution that has been stored in the refrigerator, be sure to warm it to room temperature in a water bath before pouring it into the device. Do not forget that you cannot use boiled or tap water to prepare the medicinal solution!

If you are prescribed several drugs for inhalation, then follow a certain order:

• bronchodilator (bronchodilator);
• after 15–20 minutes, a thinning agent (mucolytic);
• after 30 minutes, an antibiotic or anti-inflammatory agent;
• Immunomodulatory drugs are recommended to be used after recovery.

How to perform inhalation

1. Inhalation is best done in a sitting position.
2. The solution is inhaled through a face mask, which the patient applies to the nasolabial triangle.
3. For diseases of the pharynx or throat, inhalation and exhalation is performed through the mouth. For diseases of the trachea or lungs, inhalation and exhalation is performed through a special mouthpiece.
4. Breathing movements during inhalation should be slow. After inhaling, it is recommended to hold your breath for 2 seconds and exhale smoothly.
5. The duration of inhalation can be about 7–15 minutes and is determined by the doctor individually.
6. After inhalation, the face is blotted with a towel.
7. After inhalation of a hormonal agent, the patient needs to rinse the mouth with warm water and wash.
8. After completing the procedure, it is not recommended to leave the room and try to talk less.
9. If dizziness occurs during the procedure, you should stop inhalation and rest for 5–10 minutes. During subsequent inhalation, breathing should be slower. If dizziness reappears, you must abandon the procedure and report this symptom to your doctor.

After inhalation at home, the nebulizer parts should be washed with a mild detergent and rinsed under running water. All components are dried in air and placed in a box for storing the device. When using a nebulizer in a medical facility, parts are treated using various antiseptics, boiling or autoclaving.

What medications are prescribed for inhalation

The nebulizer can use drugs of various effects - bronchodilators, expectorants, and so on. The only condition is that the solution must be sterile.

A medicinal solution for inhalation for cough is prescribed by a doctor taking into account:

• symptoms of the disease;
• duration of the disease;
• age of the patient;
• individual sensitivity to the drug.

The following drugs can be used to treat cough using nebulizer inhalation:

• for dry cough and airway obstruction - bronchodilators, antitussives, hormonal and anti-inflammatory drugs;
• for wet cough - mucolytics and anti-inflammatory drugs;
• for coughs caused by bacterial infections - antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs;
• for allergic cough - bronchodilators, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and hormonal drugs;
• to stimulate the immune system - immunomodulating agents.

For inhalation using a nebulizer, you cannot use:

• infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs;
• essential oils and oily solutions;
• Papaverine solution;
• Eufillin solution;
• Diphenhydramine solution;
• non-sterile solutions.

List of drugs for inhalation with a nebulizer

Antitussives:

• 2% lidocaine solution;
• Tussamag.

Bronchodilators (bronchodilators):

• Atrovent;
• Berotek;
• Berodual;
• Salmbutamol, Salgim, Nebula, Ventolin.

Preparations for thinning and removing sputum (mucolytics):

• Pertussin;
• Mukaltin;
• Lazolvan, Ambrobene, Ambroxol;
• ACC Inject;
• alkaline mineral waters Borjomi or Narzan.

Anti-inflammatory drugs:

• Tonzilong N;
• Malavit;
• Rotokan;
• alcohol solutions of calendula, propolis, eucalyptus.

Antimicrobials and antibiotics:

• Gentamicin;
• Fluimicil;
• Miramistin;
• Furacilin;
• Dioxidine;
• alcohol solution of Chlorophyllipt.

Antiallergic and hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs:

• Pulmicort;
• Cromohexal;
• Dexamethasone.

The use of nebulizer inhalation for cough has a number of advantages compared to other methods of drug administration. Aerosol particles of medicinal substances are able to evenly envelop and moisturize the mucous membranes of the respiratory organs and penetrate into the most distant areas (up to the alveoli). This advantage of inhalation is especially valuable for diseases of distant parts of the respiratory system (for example, pneumonia and alveolitis). Also, using a nebulizer will allow you to avoid the systemic effect of the drug on the body and reduce the dosage of medications. This route of administration of the medicinal solution significantly reduces the number of possible adverse reactions.

By following the rules for inhaling with a nebulizer for coughs and adhering to all the doctor’s recommendations, you will be able to see the benefits of this procedure from your own experience.
Video version of the article

The “Live Healthy!” program talks about the treatment of coughs and nebulizer inhalations for coughs:

Inhalations for coughs are an excellent way to alleviate the patient’s condition, transform a dry cough into a productive, wet one, and in case of a “wet” one, speed up the removal of mucus and overall recovery. Inhalation administration of drugs ensures the highest possible accuracy of delivery of active substances to the affected area. When the procedure is carried out correctly, medicinal compounds penetrate even the farthest parts of the respiratory tract, producing a pharmacological effect.

Inhalation methods

The easiest way to do inhalation for coughing involves using a container with a wide and open top. Most often, shallow kitchen pans are used as such containers. The drug in liquid form is very hot and placed in a pan - its evaporation serves as the basis for inhalation. The patient bends over the container and covers his head with a wide towel - this reduces the dispersion of the medicine. The inhalation itself looks like inhaling through the mouth and exhaling through the nose of vapors rising above the pan.

A slightly more complex, but also more convenient way is to use a kettle. In this case, the hot solution of the drug is poured into a kettle closed with a lid. Evaporation of medicinal compounds has only one way out - through the spout. A cone made of a sheet of thick paper is inserted into this spout and plays the role of a kind of inhalation mask.

The larger the longitudinal dimensions of the paper cone, the more the vapor inhaled by the patient is cooled.

Finally, the third technique involves the use of special devices, which are divided into the following types:

1. A stationary inhaler, the principle of operation of which is the same evaporation of the medicinal substance and pumping it through a tube into a mask worn by the patient.
2. A device called a nebulizer and is an inhaler that creates an air suspension of the drug without evaporating it.
3. Ready-made disposable vials with a pharmacological compound, the design of which already includes a nebulizer and an inhaler.

Cough inhalations at home are carried out using several classes of drugs:

Mucolytic agents

Sputum accumulating in the bronchi is an irritating factor that provokes coughing. Moreover, this mucus is an excellent substrate for the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, its rapid elimination is one of the main tasks when treating cough with inhalations. Mucolytic drugs thin the mucus and increase the motility of the respiratory tract. All this leads to increased mucus removal.

Among the drugs used in this case, the most Ambrobene, Lazolvan and ACC are popular. It is most convenient to buy them in pharmacies ready-made in already sealed bottles, and then use them yourself. If you intend to use a personal nebulizer, then before refueling the device, dilute the purchased drug with an equal volume of saline solution.

Bronchodilators

The effect of these medicinal substances is to relieve bronchospasm and relax the smooth muscles of the respiratory tract. Thanks to this, the diameter of the bronchi increases, and their cleansing is much more effective. In addition, when coughing is caused by damage to distant parts of the bronchial tree with narrow lumens, sputum completely clogs them. Therefore, in order to ensure the removal of mucus and suppression of the cough reflex, it is necessary to first expand the small bronchi.

The most common bronchodilators are Berodual, Berotec and Atrovent. It is better to purchase a ready-made inhaler - a disposable bottle of the drug, which is used strictly following the instructions. Sealed containers with drugs allow you to automatically regulate the amount of drug administered, avoiding overdoses.

If cough and shortness of breath are caused by an attack of bronchial asthma, then it is necessary to use stronger and faster-acting bronchodilators, for example, Salbutamol.

Anti-infectives

Cough in itself is not a separate disease - it is a symptom of another pathology, which is often an infectious lesion of the respiratory system. Antibiotics and antiseptic drugs are precisely the means to fight infection. These drugs do not directly treat cough, but they destroy the cause that caused this symptom.

When treating infectious pathologies of the respiratory tract, antibiotics are used such as:

In addition to the class of antibiotic drugs itself, cough inhalation is also done with antiseptic compounds. These substances do not have specificity for one or another type of bacteria, but have a pronounced general disinfectant effect:

• furatsilin;
• chlorophyllipt;
• dioxidin.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Pathologies that cause cough syndrome are always associated with inflammatory processes in the mucous membranes. And inflammation of the wall of the respiratory tract, in turn, irritates the tissues of the bronchi, intensifying the cough. In order to break this vicious circle, it is necessary to use anti-inflammatory drugs, which are most conveniently administered by inhalation.

Among fairly simple means that suppress inflammation, it is useful to use herbal preparations, for example, Romazulan or Rotokan. These substances are a mixture of medicinal herbal extracts, where chamomile plays the main role. Before filling the inhaler with 1 ml of Rotokan or Romazulan, you must add 40 ml of saline solution.

A separate subtype of drugs to combat inflammation are glucocorticosteroids:

• prednisolone;
• dexamethasone;
• hydrocortisone;
• triamcinolone, etc.

These substances belong to the class of hormones and have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. When coughing at home, such drugs are used only as directed by a doctor. Moreover, the reason for their use should be quite compelling - for a cold cough, glucocorticoids are not prescribed, since the intensity of their action will be excessive. Indications for the administration of these drugs are severe allergic reactions and/or systemic pathologies of an autoimmune nature, which are often accompanied by cough.

Softening solutions

To relieve irritation of the inflamed mucous membrane when coughing, it is useful to inhale with saline solution. It is better to buy such a liquid at a pharmacy. In addition, mineral waters devoid of carbon dioxide are also suitable. It is optimal to use slightly alkaline brands, for example, Essentuki or Narzan. Moisturizing the respiratory tract with water vapor helps to dilute the mucus accumulated there and facilitates its removal.

Inhalation for cough using saline and mineral water is carried out in all three possible ways. The frequency of procedures is 5-6 times a day, but it is allowed to increase the number of inhalations to 9-10 per day.

Salt and soda

Baking soda has the ability to reduce the severity of the cough reflex. Therefore, inhalation with soda solution is a very effective means of alleviating the patient’s condition. Even better results can be achieved by using a combined recipe, which includes equal parts of baking soda and kitchen salt diluted in water, as well as a few drops of an alcohol solution of iodine.

Kitchen salt is also used in isolated form - such a salt-containing liquid for inhalation can be easily purchased at a pharmacy. In addition, inhalation for coughs is also performed with saline solutions, which are prepared at home by adding 3 large tablespoons of salt per 1 liter of water.

It is useful to replace kitchen salt with sea salt, but iodized salt should not be used - it irritates the mucous membranes.

Herbal remedies

Medicinal herbs are the basis of folk remedies that are used in the form of inhalations for coughs. Official medicine approves and recommends the use of infusions and decoctions of medicinal plants - there are few places where you can find such a rich combination of beneficial pharmacological properties. Monopreparations and herbal mixtures have several effects on the respiratory system at the same time:

• expectorant;
• anti-inflammatory;
• antibacterial;
• thinning phlegm;
• moisturizing;
• anti-allergenic;
• soothing and softening.

Here are some recipes for inhalation for cough:

• For 200 ml of boiling water, take 2 small spoons of elder flowers and the same number of mullein flowers;
• in half a liter of boiling water, brew a mixture of 1 small spoon of thermopsis and ten times the volume of primrose;
• mix plantain, coltsfoot and wild rosemary in equal volumes, and then brew 5 large spoons of this mixture in 200 ml of boiling water;
• Pour 10 small spoons of a mixture of chamomile and pine buds with half a liter of boiling water;
• prepare a mixture of chamomile, eucalyptus, string, medicinal sage and calendula, as well as licorice rhizomes and brew 5 large spoons in half a liter of boiling water.

After immersion in boiling water, the herbal medicine must be allowed to cool on its own - this is how an infusion of medicinal herbs is prepared. If you intend to inhale with a decoction, then in order for the beneficial substances to pass into solution, the liquid must be boiled in a water bath for a quarter of an hour, and then poured into a thermos for another 40-45 minutes. In the case when inhalation will be carried out using a saucepan or kettle, immediately before use the solution must be diluted with an equal volume of boiling water - this will give it the desired temperature. And if you use nebulizers, carefully filter the liquid before refilling the device, but do not heat it.

Soda-salt solutions and homemade herbal preparations cannot be used in membrane nebulizers - they will damage the membrane.

Essential oils

When coughing, inhalations with oil solutions have a pronounced softening effect and significantly alleviate patient's condition. These liquids are primarily used as evaporation from the container. The general principle of preparing the solution includes 5-7 drops of essential oil, stirred in half a liter of hot water. The oil cannot dissolve completely, but it needs to be transferred to the most dispersed state possible.

If you need to stimulate the formation of sputum during a dry cough, it is recommended to use lemon or eucalyptus oil. And if mucus is already accumulating in the bronchi, it is useful to inhale anise or mint oil - they will temporarily strengthen the cough reflex, helping to cleanse the respiratory tract. For any type of cough, inhalations with pine oils are effective: thuja, pine, cedar, juniper.

Remember that you are only allowed to use one type of essential oil per procedure.

Inhalation sequence

Inhalation treatment for cough often involves the use of several types of medications. To achieve maximum therapeutic effect, it is important to follow the order of their use;

1. First, you need to expand the lumens of the respiratory tract and reduce the severity of swelling of the mucous membranes - this will facilitate the removal of sputum. Therefore, bronchodilator drugs are always inhaled first.
2. Then they begin to liquefy the mucus accumulated in the bronchi, and also enhance the motility of the respiratory tract. Thanks to the use of mucolytics, sputum becomes less viscous and thick and is easier to remove. Expectorants help the process of removing mucus - they strengthen the cough reflex for a short time and thus cleanse the bronchial tree.
3. Next in the procedures there is a pause of 10-15 minutes, during which the patient coughs, getting rid of sputum.
4. After the airways are cleared, antibiotics should be introduced into them to suppress infection, anti-inflammatory drugs and agents that relieve irritation of the mucous membrane (for example, essential oils).

After the main stage of inhalation is completed, it is useful to carry out another procedure with herbal remedies, mineral water or soda - this will soften and moisturize the bronchi. Moreover, it is recommended to inhale moisturizing solutions separately, without reference to the time of administration of other drugs.

Inhalation rules

1. Any drugs for inhalation (excluding soda-salt solutions and mineral waters) can provoke an allergy attack in the patient. Before starting the procedure, make sure that the patient does not have an individual intolerance to the drug used.

1. During inhalation, you need to focus on the process itself. Watching TV, reading or talking during the procedure reduces its effectiveness, and if you lose attention, it can lead to burns (if the container tips over).

1. The liquid in the pan or kettle should be hot enough for intense evaporation, but not boiling. Splashes of boiling water can cause burns to the skin, and boiling steam can burn the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. The optimal temperature of the solution for inhalation is 70-80 C.

1. For adult patients, the standard duration for inhalation over a saucepan or using a kettle is about 10-15 minutes. The guideline for stopping the procedure is the cooling of the liquid and a decrease in the intensity of evaporation. In children, the duration of inhalation decreases in proportion to age.

1. When inhaling using nebulizers, the procedure continues until the drug in the chamber is completely consumed. Typically, the volume of the solution in this case is 4-5 ml.

1. Inhalations for the treatment of cough involve administering the drug orally. Inhale the steam or aerosol through your mouth, slowly and deeply. Then you need to hold your breath for 2-3 seconds and exhale through your nose. The exhalation is faster and more intense.

1. After the inhalation is completed, the patient should not go out into the cold. Over the next hour, the patient is also advised to maintain vocal calm and refrain from smoking and eating.

Using an inhaler, you can quickly and effectively soften a dry cough, facilitate the removal of phlegm, relieve an attack of suffocation, and get rid of a painful cough altogether. Inhalations are painless and can be performed at home. A simple procedure using a nebulizer can not only quickly relieve a cough, but also shorten the recovery time for acute viral diseases. What drugs are used for inhalation for cough?

A nebulizer is a special device that turns a medicinal solution into an aerosol without heating or using freon. The particles generated by the device are able to penetrate deep into the respiratory tract. The therapeutic effect is achieved quickly and with minimal systemic effect on the entire body. A possible negative effect is an individual allergic reaction to the drug used.

All inhalers can be divided into:

• Steam inhalers that convert a medicinal solution into steam for inhalation by heating
• Nebulizers

Video review of inhaler types

Note! Kids will be happy to inhale through a nebulizer in the form of a game, where the device itself is a toy.

Inhalations with a nebulizer are used:

• In the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract
• In complex therapy for chronic bronchial diseases
• In the treatment of sore throat, inflammation of the pharynx, trachea
• To get rid of runny nose and cough
• To relieve swelling of the respiratory mucosa during allergic reactions

Any of the listed pathologies may be accompanied by a cough symptom. What medications can you breathe in for different types of cough?

What to put in a nebulizer for a dry cough?

A dry cough is characteristic of the initial stage of an acute inflammatory process. A painful dry cough often plagues asthmatics in the acute stage of the disease.

Note! Cough is the body’s protective reaction to an emerging disease. Antitussives act on the brain, suppressing the cough reflex. This therapy has many contraindications and should be used only as prescribed by a doctor.

Antitussive drugs, which should be poured into the inhaler for a dry cough, effectively coat and soften the inflamed mucous membrane of the respiratory system. They stop coughing attacks by moisturizing:

• Isotonic saline solution 9% sodium chloride (NaCl). The drug is a component of most inhalations as an auxiliary component and is used as an independent medicine. Saline solution can be poured into the inhaler for any type of cough. It is safe, does not cause allergic reactions, and is equally suitable for adults and children. For one procedure, pour 5 ml of solution
• Mineral water "Borjomi". Before pouring, it is relieved of gases. Inhale in the same way as with saline solution
• Soda inhalations. A solution of baking soda is prepared in the proportion of 1 tsp. sodium bicarbonate per 0.5 liter of boiled water
• Tussamag in drops (not in syrup!). The alcohol tincture is diluted with saline solution in a ratio of 1:2. Pour 3-5 ml of solution for inhalation. The product suppresses the urge to cough, softens breathing
• Ambroxol (Lazolvan). The drug has a mucolytic effect, promotes the formation of sputum. For 1 procedure, a solution of ambroxol + saline is poured in a 1:1 ratio. No more than 2 inhalations per day.

Note! For patients with a dry cough, deep breathing and holding it during inhalation are not recommended. You should breathe evenly, at a comfortable pace, and shallowly.

Patients who suffer from suffocation should take bronchodilators before the procedure.

For patients whose cough is accompanied by pain, a 2% lidocaine solution can be prescribed for inhalation. One ampoule (2 ml) is used for one procedure. It should be remembered here that lidocaine can cause a severe allergic reaction, including anaphylactic shock.

Inhalations for wet cough

The transition of the cough to the “wet” stage indicates the resolution of the inflammatory process. For wet coughs, sputum-thinning drugs and agents are used for inhalation. This makes the coughing process easier. How to breathe through a nebulizer with a wet cough?

List of drugs for inhalation with a nebulizer for conditions with difficult to remove mucous secretions:

• Ambroxol (Lazolvan)
• Sinupret
• Gedelix ivy extract. Dilution: adults 1:1, children 1:2 with NaCl 9%.
• Pertussin. Dilution 1:2 with NaCl 9%
• Mukaltin. 1 tablet per 80 ml NaCl 9%. Use 3-4 ml per 1 procedure
• ACC injection (do not use when taking antibiotics!) for filling into a nebulizer, dilute with saline solution 1:1
• Fluimucil (ACC with antibiotic)

Facilitating coughing up mucus means facilitating the rapid removal of pathogenic microflora from the bronchi and preventing the infection from going even deeper.

What to put in a nebulizer for a cough and runny nose?

Acute respiratory infections, in addition to a painful cough, are characterized by nasal congestion. What can you breathe in for a cough and runny nose? Inhalations with immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory or antibacterial drugs will help here.

Immunomodulators for inhalation:

• Interferon. The contents of the ampoule are diluted in 3 ml of saline solution. You should breathe the drug 2 times a day
• Derinat. For 1 procedure, add 2 ml of medication solution and 2 ml of saline solution

Anti-inflammatory drugs for breathing in a nebulizer are pharmaceutical alcohol tinctures made from plant materials:

• Eucalyptus - 10-15 drops of tincture per 200 ml of saline solution
• Malavit – 1 ml malavit per 30 ml saline solution
• Rotokan - 1 ml of the drug is diluted in 40 ml of saline solution
• Calendula – 1 ml tincture per 40 ml saline solution

All of the above drugs, ready for inhalation, are used up to 3 times a day. Dose for one inhalation: pour 4 ml of working solution. The drugs should be inhaled through a nebulizer mask. Inhale through your nose, exhale through your mouth.

Rules for inhalation with a nebulizer for coughing

Having filled the drug with medicine, the patient sits in front of it. It is better to take small children in your arms. The nebulizer chamber should be kept in a vertical position.

• The procedure is carried out an hour after eating or physical activity.
• During inhalation, the patient should sit in a comfortable position, be relaxed and calm (children should not cry or be afraid)
• Cough inhalations are carried out without using a mask; you should use a mouthpiece. The mask can be used for small children who will not be able to breathe through their mouth through the nozzle.
• Inhale through the mouth, exhale through the nose
• Cough inhalations are allowed at slightly elevated temperatures if the patient feels relatively well
• After breathing through the device, you should rest for up to half an hour.

What should not be put into a nebulizer?

It is prohibited to refill the nebulizer with oil solutions, suspensions (suspensions, syrups, homemade decoctions, infusions of plant materials). Inhalation of oils or heterogeneous solutions in fine spray form leads to inflammation and swelling of the lungs.

Note! The use of antibiotics is not possible in an ultrasonic type nebulizer. For effective inhalation, follow the instructions for your device.

ratings, average:

general information

Sometimes, in an effort to quickly get rid of runny nose or cough With the help of medications, we completely forget that there are other equally effective methods of treatment. For example, a procedure like inhalation in some cases it will help faster than any cough medicine or nasal drops.

In addition, many doctors themselves recommend to their patients when pharyngitis, bronchitis, laryngitis, and also when bronchial asthma use inhalation to treat and relieve symptoms of these diseases at home. It is worth noting that there are several types on sale now inhalers, including ultrasonic nebulizers new generation, which are easy to use and effective.

What is inhalation?

Literally translated from Latin, the name of this procedure sounds like “I inhale.” In principle, this one word contains the whole meaning. inhalation, which is a method of introducing medicine into the human body, based on inhalation of medical vapors.

The main advantage of this procedure can be considered the speed of delivery of drugs into the respiratory tract, which contributes to the onset of a rapid therapeutic effect. In addition, when inhaled, the risk of developing allergic reactions is reduced, since medications reach their target without digestive system person.

It is interesting that inhalation is not only artificial, i.e. one in which specialized devices (inhalers) are used, but also natural.

In times before inhalers, people went to seaside resorts or spent more time in the forest to saturate their bodies with beneficial compounds present in the air.

The advantage of this method of treatment is that during inhalation the absorption time of drugs is significantly reduced. As a result, the patient feels relief faster, since the local effect from using the inhaler occurs almost instantly.

Indications for inhalation are:

• ARVI complicated by conditions such as tracheitis, pharyngitis or rhinitis, as well as complications in the form laryngotracheitis And rhinosinusitis;
• pneumonia;
• exacerbation of chronic forms tonsillitis, sinusitis And rhinitis;
• exacerbation of chronic bronchitis or acute phase of this disease;
• bronchial asthma;
• bronchiectasis;
• tuberculosis;
• fungal infection lower and upper respiratory tract;
• cystic fibrosis.

In addition, inhalations are used in the prevention of postoperative complications, as well as in the treatment of patients with HIV during the respiratory stage of the disease.

Among the main contraindications for this procedure are:

• heart failure;
• pulmonary hemorrhage;
• solutions for inhalation;
• pneumothorax (spontaneous, traumatic);
• arrhythmia;
• bullous pulmonary emphysema.

It is worth noting that in some cases it is extremely undesirable to use inhalation as a treatment method, since it can greatly aggravate the patient’s condition. We are talking, for example, about sore throat, front or sinusitis, as well as about otitis in children.

Often with pneumonia Doctors do not recommend using inhalers. In addition, it is not recommended to use this method at elevated body temperatures.

There are several types of procedure:

• wet inhalation, in which the temperature of the drug in the form of a solution is maintained constantly at 30 C;
• steam inhalation;
• thermal-moist inhalation, in which the temperature of the medicine cannot be higher than 40C.

It is important to remember that infants can only have wet inhalation and only with the permission of the attending pediatrician. The steam procedure is dangerous for children, since there is a high probability of burns to the upper respiratory tract.

From the age of one year, warm-moist inhalations can be used to treat a child, but also only after preliminary medical consultation. In principle, any movement of parents aimed at treating children must be agreed upon with a specialist.

Inhalation, as a medicine for cough and runny nose, helps:

• improve blood circulation in the mucous membranes of the larynx and sinuses;
• liquefy the secretion that forms in the pharynx, larynx, and nasal passages during illness;
• removing secretions from the nasal sinuses, which ultimately helps to significantly alleviate the patient’s condition, as nasal congestion goes away;
• moisturize inflamed mucous membranes of the nose and throat.

In addition, when using medicinal solutions for inhalation, this procedure has expectorant, antibacterial, bronchodilator, decongestant, and anti-inflammatory effect. At the moment, there are two main methods of inhalation.

The first one is well known to many people, since it does not require any specialized devices. We think every second person has done steam inhalation at least once using a container of hot water or over a pan of freshly boiled potatoes.

The second method requires special devices - inhaler or nebulizer. A little later we will discuss whether a nebulizer or an inhaler is better, as well as what types of these devices you can buy and how to use them correctly.

Now let's talk about what inhalation solutions for runny nose and cough can be used at home? How to make the solution yourself and how to use it when you have a cough or runny nose? It is important to emphasize that before using any medicine, including inhalation mixtures, you should consult your doctor.

In addition, you should strictly follow the instructions for using the mixture for inhalation. This is actually very important, since any medicine can both cure and harm if used incorrectly.

At runny nose and nasal congestion, as well as sinusitis

• with eucalyptus, for the procedure an alcohol tincture of the leaves of the plant is used;
• with saline;
• with alcohol tincture of propolis;
• with alcohol tincture Malavit;
• with 0.024% aqueous solution Furacilina;
• with alcohol tincture Chlorophyllipta;
• with homeopathic medicine Sinupret;
• With Pulmicort or with 0.4% solution for injection Dexamethasone.

It is worth noting that inhalations with Dexamethasone for children, as well as with Pulmicort, are permissible only in cases of real need; these drugs are classified as glucocorticoids and they contain hormonal compounds.

From cough And sore throat, and also when asthma And bronchitis Inhalations will be effective:

• With mucolytics(drugs that thin mucus and help remove it from the lungs, according to Wikipedia), for example, Fluimucil,Ambrobene, Lazolvan, Mukolwan, Ambrohexal;
• with bronchodilators, which include anticholinergics (Troventol, Truvent, Atrovent), adrenomimetics (Terbutaline, Berotek, Fenoterol,Ventolin, Salbutamol), methylxanthines (Teopek, Retafil, Durophyllin, Euphylong, Theotard), combined bronchodilator Berodual;
• with combined bronchodilators And expectorants drugs, for example Ascoril or Bronholitin;
• With antibiotics (Fluimucil);
• with antitussives ( Lidocaine, 2% solution);
• with anti-inflammatory drugs ( Rotokan).

Perhaps the simplest and most affordable solution that you can prepare yourself at home and use for a runny nose and cough is saline solution. For inhalation, you can use a ready-made saline solution purchased at a pharmacy. sodium chloride, the price of which is very affordable in comparison with other medications used for this procedure.

Or you can prepare the medicine yourself, since the composition of the saline solution actually consists of two main components - water and salt. Surprisingly at first glance, sea salt, and later table salt, has been used in medicine for thousands of years.

Saline is an indispensable medical product that is used for therapy, for example, as a dropper in case of dehydration or as a blood replacement in emergency cases, because it is the mixture of salt and distilled water that is close in composition to blood plasma.

In addition, saline solution is considered an effective antimicrobial agent; it is also used to dilute medications to the desired concentration and use it to rinse contact lenses.

What’s noteworthy is that when you have a runny nose, you can not only breathe saline solution through an inhaler, but also use it to rinse your sinuses.

There are several options for the composition of saline solution (more precisely, the proportions of water and salt), each of which is best suited for a particular purpose. However, according to doctors, when performing nasal inhalations at home, you can use any version of the composition of the drug.

Although it is still advisable to use a 0.9% solution for this procedure sodium chloride. As we said above, saline solution is ideal for rinsing the nose when runny nose at home, it is used for inhalation for sore throat, at pharyngitis, at obstructive bronchitis, at tracheitis And laryngotracheitis, as well as in inflammatory processes in the lungs and bronchi in the acute and chronic stages.

Saline solution can be used either alone or in combination with other drugs. For example, inhalations with saline and Ambrobene, ACC injection, Fluimucil, Bromhexine, Lazolvan, Mukaltin, Ambroxol, Gedelix and other mucolytic drugs will help to liquefy the mucous secretion in the respiratory tract, as well as its rapid separation and elimination from the body.

Which will ultimately make breathing easier, reduce the intensity of coughing and stop the inflammatory process. When coughing, you can mix these with saline: expectorants, decongestants And antiseptics natural origin such as honey, tincture of calendula and propolis, decoctions of chamomile, licorice root or St. John's wort, essential oils of lemon balm, eucalyptus, mint and others.

If you are suffering from a runny nose and nasal congestion, then to the saline solution for inhalation you can add sea buckthorn oil, Kalanchoe or aloe juice (if there is no allergy), tea tree oil, eucalyptus or geranium, propolis tincture, as well as medications such as Interferon, Furacilin, Tonsilgon, Pinosol And Malavit.

Can have a similar effect to saline solution Rizosin, Aqua-Rinosol, Salin, AquaMaster, as well as alkaline or still mineral water, such as Borjomi.

Inhalation with saline solution for children

Saline solution for inhalation for children can be used, since this product contains components that are safe for children - salt and water. However, do not forget about the prescribed dosages for children. In addition, it is important to understand that the effect of saline solution depends on the type of inhaler.

With steam inhalation, the drug can only affect the upper respiratory tract, but using a nebulizer can also treat lower parts of the respiratory system. It is better to ask your pediatrician about how to carry out the procedure and how many times a day you can do it, as well as how much saline solution to pour into the child’s inhaler.

After all, only a specialist can prescribe competent treatment depending on the type of disease. Inhalations with saline solution are not prohibited even for infants, but one must remember that the temperature of the solution for children under three years of age should not be more than 30 C, from three to four years - no more than 40 C, for a child aged four years and older - 52 S.

It is believed that saline solution for cough inhalation for children can be used up to twice a day when performing the procedure on a child under two years of age; up to three times a day if your child is between two and six years old and up to four times if your child is over six years old. Moreover, the duration of inhalation in the first two cases should not exceed a maximum of three minutes, and from the age of six, a child can breathe saline solution for up to ten minutes.

Inhalation with soda

Soda solution- This is another type of widely available and truly effective mixtures for inhalation. It is noteworthy that its use has a direct effect on the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx. The steam warms and moisturizes the mucous membranes, and also kills harmful microbes that cause disease.

Soda diluted in water (sometimes sea or table salt is also added) will give a positive result if a person has wet or dry cough, bronchitis, runny nose, and laryngitis.

Baking soda has a mucolytic effect, which helps to liquefy secretions and remove them from the respiratory tract.

After just a few inhalations with soda, a person will notice a positive effect; it will actually become easier for him to breathe, because the medicinal solution improves bronchial patency and helps reduce the intensity of the cough.

Inhalations with Ambrobene

Solution for inhalation with Ambrobene It is considered one of the most effective remedies, which has a minimum of contraindications and a maximum of beneficial properties. This affordable mucolytic agent can be used either alone or in combination with other medications, for example, saline solution.

Ambobene will be an indispensable tool for tonsillitis, bronchitis, as well as with strong runny nose or cough at cold. Included in the drug ambroxol hydrochloride helps remove mucus from the respiratory tract, thus relieving cough. This drug is recommended for inhalation, since this method of use reduces the risk of side effects.

The drug bypasses the digestive system and is immediately “transported” to the bronchi using an inhaler. Medicinal effect from Ambrobene will be noticeable after just one procedure. Your attending physician will help you choose the correct dosage of the drug, without prior consultation with whom you should not inhale in order to avoid side effects such as vomiting, excessive salivation, an allergic reaction in the form of a rash and difficulty breathing, diarrhea and nausea.

In addition, Ambrobene has the following contraindications:

• individual intolerance components included in the medicine;
• ulcer;
• epilepsy;
• breast-feeding;
• pregnancy.

Which inhaler is better?

We talked about what to do inhalations with and discussed the most popular solutions for the procedure. Now let's talk about what inhalers are and how to choose the most suitable device for inhalation. And also: how to make an inhaler at home if you don’t have a special device at hand.

Inhaler is a specialized device that is designed to introduce drugs into the human body using a procedure such as inhalation. The following types of devices are distinguished:

• a steam inhaler is a device for performing steam inhalations, in which the therapeutic effect is achieved by evaporating the drug and inhaling it with steam;
• a compressor inhaler is a device equipped with a compressor that forms an aerosol cloud from a medicinal solution;
• an ultrasonic inhaler or nebulizer is a device that can also spray a medicinal solution for inhalation in the form of an aerosol, but not due to the built-in compressor, but using a special ultrasonic emitter;
• a saline inhaler is a device that, when exposed to it, delivers particles of a saline solution based on sea salt into the lower and upper respiratory tract of a person;
• A mesh inhaler is an electronic mesh device that forms an aerosol cloud of a medical product by passing it through a vibrating membrane.

Steam inhalers

These are the simplest and most widespread devices for inhalation. It is noteworthy that this particular type of device can be easily replaced at home with a container of hot water and obtain a similar therapeutic effect.

What is also important is that steam models are much cheaper than other types of inhalers, and they are also easy to use. As they say, even a child can handle them.

It is also important to emphasize that for inhalation using a steam inhaler, you do not need to buy special medications at the pharmacy, as, for example, for a nebulizer. For the procedure, you can use various decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs, of course, if you are not allergic to them.

Another important advantage of this variety is that steam inhalation warms up the nasal sinuses. However, this device has a number of disadvantages, for example, a steam inhaler is not always suitable for children.

Parents often ask the question of whether it is possible to give inhalations to children with fever. So, elevated body temperature is a contraindication to the use of a steam inhaler; you should also not use the device if you have vascular diseases.

Another important negative point can be considered the impossibility of using many specialized medicinal solutions during steam inhalation, without which it is impossible to do in the treatment of a number of serious diseases of the body’s respiratory system. The operating principle of a steam inhaler is very simple.

As we said above, it can be replaced using a container of hot water, into which a medicinal solution is added and the steam is inhaled, covering the head with a towel. So, the solution for inhalation is poured into the main compartment of the steam inhaler. The mixture is heated to a certain temperature, evaporates, the steam rises through the tube and the person inhales it through the mouth.

The simplest models of inhaler do not require regulation of the temperature of the solution, which excludes the possibility of their use for treating young children. However, in more advanced models, you can select the heating temperature of the mixture for inhalation, and such steam cough inhalers for children are acceptable for use.

Reviews of people who have already tried certain models of the device will help answer the question of which inhaler is better. Perhaps the most popular is the Romashka steam inhaler, which is produced by the Berdsk Electromechanical Plant (RF). We think that this device is familiar to many from early childhood.

Currently, you can purchase a steam inhaler Romashka-3. This device, already in its third generation, has become an indispensable assistant for many, and not only in the treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The steam inhaler is also suitable for use in home cosmetology.

In accordance with the instructions for use, this steam device can be used:

• for the treatment of colds by inhalation using decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs;
• for improving the skin of the face and neck;
• for aromatherapy;
• to humidify indoor air.

The following inhalation solutions are suitable for the steam inhaler:

• saline (a mixture of table or sea salt and water);
• soda (a mixture of soda and water, you can add salt);
• saline;
• decoctions of medicinal herbs based on pharmaceutical preparations of calendula, chamomile, sage, licorice, plantain and others;
• essential oils.

It is important to emphasize that it is advisable to inquire from a pediatrician about which children's inhaler is better. Not all types of steam inhalers are suitable for children. As we mentioned above, for each age it is worth selecting the appropriate type of inhalation (steam, wet, thermal-moist) and, accordingly, a device for this procedure.

Let's talk about how much the inhaler costs. The price will depend on the manufacturer, as well as on the functionality of the device. For example, a steam inhaler WN -18 “Miracle Steam” from B. Well (Great Britain) will cost an average of 3,000 rubles, and the domestic “Romashka” is half that price.

Inhalation with a nebulizer

Nebulizer is a specialized device for inhalation, based on the use of a dispersed ultra-small spray of highly active medicinal substances, which enter the patient’s respiratory tract through a mouthpiece (breathing tube) or mask. This type of inhaler is considered more progressive and effective.

It's all about the principle of operation of the device. Since the device forms an aerosol cloud of medicine for inhalation with a nebulizer, its vapors penetrate into all parts of the respiratory system, which makes it possible to treat a wide range of diseases using the procedure. In addition, medications for the nebulizer are quickly absorbed and hit the target, i.e. into the upper or lower respiratory tract, without “getting lost” along the way in the nasal cavity.

Which nebulizer is better?

Before answering the question, it is worth understanding what types of devices there are, as well as what their strengths and weaknesses are. So, the following types of nebulizers are distinguished:

• Convection devices are the most common type of device, during the operation of which an aerosol cloud is continuously formed. Medicines enter the human body when inhaled, and when exhaled, the aerosol enters the external environment. As a result, about 70% of the generated drug vapors are lost.
• Venturi nebulizers are devices that are activated by inhalation, i.e. The aerosol is constantly being formed, just as with a convection nebulizer, but it is released only when a person inhales. The main advantage of this type can be considered a reduction in the loss of vapors of the medicinal solution for inhalation inhaled by the patient, which helps to increase the effectiveness of therapy using a neulizer and reduce the operating time of the device.
• Nebulizers synchronized with breathing are dosimetric devices that form an aerosol cloud only during inhalation, which makes it possible to significantly save the medicinal solution for inhalation.
• Jet or compressor devices are devices that convert liquid medications into a fine cloud of aerosols using oxygen or air. Such devices consist of a compressor, which acts as a generator of an aerosol cloud and a sprayer. The compressor type of inhalers differs from other devices not only in technical characteristics (the presence of a compressor that produces an aerosol cloud from a medicinal solution for inhalation), but also in the features of application. Many people wonder what medications can be used with a compressor inhaler. After all, for a steam device, in principle, no specialized medical means for inhalation are provided. In the case of a compressor apparatus, everything is much simpler. There are simply no restrictions for this versatile inhaler. This means that, using it for inhalation, you can safely use it like traditional herbal teas, saline or soda solution, and medicines that have mucolytic, bronchodilators, antitussives, anti-inflammatory And antiseptic properties. It is important to emphasize that in the case of correctly selected medications, it is compressor inhalers that bronchial asthma, at tracheitis, at tuberculosis, at chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(Further COPD) and for many other respiratory diseases can provide a stable and rapid therapeutic effect. This type of inhaler is safe for children of any age. True, not all compressor inhalers are suitable for the use of oil-based drugs and essential oils. It's all about the design features of the devices. However, there are universal devices that are “not afraid” of medicines of any composition.
• Ultrasonic nebulizers are devices that use ultrasound, namely the energy of high-frequency vibrations of piezocrystals, to convert an inhalation mixture into vapor. In comparison with a compressor device, an ultrasonic device benefits from silent operation, portability, as well as the constancy and uniformity of aerosol cloud particles. However, these models have a number of significant drawbacks. For example, during operation of an ultrasonic nebulizer, the chemical structure of the drug used for inhalation may be destroyed due to an increase in temperature. As a result, therapy with such a modified medical product may be ineffective. It is also important to note that not all nebulizer solutions are suitable for use in an ultrasound device, for example, viscous oil medications or suspensions.

So, it is advisable to draw a conclusion about which nebulizer is better based on the reviews of people who have tried various types of devices, and taking into account the above information about the technical characteristics, as well as the main disadvantages and advantages of the devices.

You need to think about which compression, ultrasonic or conventional convection nebulizer is better, and also choose such a device for home use, taking into account its average price and manufacturer. How much does a nebulizer cost?

The price of the device depends on its type, as well as the country of manufacture. On average, a nebulizer with a standard set of functions will cost 2500-3000 rubles; there are also more budget models for 1500-2000 rubles, produced by less well-known companies. The cost of specialized or children's models in the form of animals, for example, can start from 3500-4000 rubles.

Inhalation solutions for nebulizer

Before using any device, including nebulizer, you should carefully read the instructions for its use. To carry out inhalation correctly, you need to not only know how to use the device, but also what medications can be poured into the nebulizer in order to obtain the expected therapeutic effect.

Let's talk in more detail about which medications are suitable for use as solutions for inhalers and nebulizers for coughs and other respiratory tract diseases. Let's answer the question about how to breathe with a runny nose through a nebulizer.

Medicines for inhalation for cough and runny nose

As we have repeatedly repeated above, inhalations for rhinitis effectively help both relieve the unpleasant symptoms of the disease and cure the very cause of the disease. Experts believe that using an inhaler with special solutions for a runny nose solves several important problems.

The device moisturizes the mucous membranes of the nose, makes the secretion less abundant and viscous, which helps remove it from the body, eliminates itching in the nasal passages, reduces swelling and softens crusts, which often interfere with small children's ability to sleep and eat peacefully.

There are enough recipes for nebulizer inhalation for a runny nose, for which both medications and traditional medicine are used.

Perhaps the most common recipe for a runny nose for children and adults is inhalation with mineral water, saline, salt or soda.

Mineral water or saline solution is the same weak alkaline or saline solution (sodium chloride), but only already prepared in the right proportion, suitable for inhalation.

A soda solution, to which sea salt is often added, also works great for a runny nose. They can be used to rinse the sinuses or be used through a nebulizer. It is worth noting that in modern pharmacies there is a ready-made solution for inhalation of sodium bicarbonate or “Soda-buffer”, the dosage of soda in which is adjusted to the milligram.

However, this solution must also be diluted with saline, otherwise the medicine cannot be used in a nebulizer. To enhance the therapeutic effect, medicinal herbs (chamomile, sage, eucalyptus leaves, plantain, bay leaf, mint, St. John's wort) and essential oils are added to the soda solution. Inhalations with chamomile or eucalyptus oil help not only with a runny nose, but also with other respiratory diseases.

For a runny nose, you can use immunostimulating drugs containing interferon. For example, it is well suited for inhalation with a nebulizer Derinat. Antibacterial and antiseptic drugs ( Fluimucil, Dioxidine, Streptomycin, Furacilin, Ceftriaxone) will be effective when runny nose and at sinusitis.

You can also use the following in a nebulizer: anti-inflammatory drugs How Rotokan or Malavit. As indicated in the instructions for use of Rotokan and Malavit, the composition of the medicines includes mainly herbal components, for example, calendula extract, chamomile, yarrow, Siberian cedar resin, oak bark and others.

Therefore, these drugs can only be used if a person does not have allergies. In addition, when runny nose Inhalations with propolis (tincture) and eucalyptus (extract), which also have anti-inflammatory properties, will effectively help.

Some hormonal medications, e.g. Pulmicort,Dexamethasone or Cromhexal, it is also permissible to use it in a nebulizer when rhinitis.

We talked about what inhalations to do when you have a runny nose, now we’ll figure out how to breathe through a nebulizer when you have a runny nose. dry cough, at sore throat or when bronchitis. Let's start with the fact that when rhinitis, cough or sore throat weakly alkaline and saline solutions are effective, which are easy to prepare and accessible to most.

In order to prepare such a mixture for inhalation, you need to have water (preferably distilled), sea or table salt or baking soda on hand. Ready-made analogues of the above-described products can be considered saline solution or mineral water. For inhalation, you can use ready-made breast mixtures sold in pharmacies.

However, you need to be extremely careful with them, as with other herbal medicines. You should not resort to infusions or decoctions of medicinal herbs if a person has allergies. With a strong suffocating cough, inhalations with Lazolvan, the dosage of which will be helped by your attending physician, for dry cough - Beroduali, Berotek, Salbutamol, which relate to drugs that dilate the bronchi.

If the cough is dry and barking, then inhalation in a nebulizer with Miramistin, Fluimucil, ACC, Berotecom, as well as with Tussamagom. Propolis and calendula effectively stop the inflammatory process that accompanies a dry cough. For wet coughs use a nebulizer Ambrobene, Pulmozyme, Rotokan, Furacilin.

In addition, inhalations with Sinupret, as well as with slightly alkaline and saline solutions.

Inhalations with Chlorophylliptom or with Chlorhexidine shown at purulent sore throat, at pharyngitis, at rhinitis, at bronchitis, as well as during exacerbation tonsillitis chronic degree, with laryngitis, at sinusitis.

This remedy helps cure staphylococcal or streptococcal infection. At adenoids for inhalation in a nebulizer it is best to use a saline solution or Lazolvan, Derinat, Hydrocortisone, Pulmicort, Miramistin, and Tonsilgon.

In order for inhalation to bring the expected therapeutic effect, the procedure must be performed correctly. There are some important nuances, as well as contraindications and rules for inhalation, which you should learn about before using the inhaler.

Is it possible to do inhalations with a nebulizer at a fever? How long should the procedure take? How to breathe through the device correctly? How many times a day can inhalation be performed? How to use the inhaler? We will try to answer these and other questions further.

How to do inhalation

So, how to do inhalation correctly so that the procedure is beneficial. It is important to note that there are both general and specific rules for inhalation that apply to certain types of inhalers.

• The procedure is recommended to be carried out after meals, an hour and a half later;
• When performing inhalation, you should not be distracted; it is recommended to concentrate on the procedure and inhale and exhale correctly;
• After the procedure is completed, it is not recommended to eat, smoke, or go out into the cold air; in addition, you should refrain from talking;
• Before using the inhaler for the first time, you should read the instructions for the device;
• For the procedure, you should use medications prescribed by the doctor;
• Before using inhalation solutions, it is advisable to check in advance whether you have an allergic reaction.

How often can the procedure be done and how to breathe correctly during inhalation? It is believed that it is optimal for adults to inhale 3-5 times a day; for children it is worth limiting it to 2 times.

To achieve a therapeutic effect, the duration of inhalation of drug vapors through an inhaler should not exceed 3 minutes for an adult and 1 minute for a child.

Immediately before inhalation, you need to take a deep breath and hold your breath for a while. In this way, you prepare the respiratory system for the procedure. Then exhale as much as possible and take the next inhalation over the inhaler.

If you need to cure a runny nose or eliminate nasal congestion and swelling using inhalation, then you need to inhale and exhale during the procedure exclusively through the nose. When your throat hurts or you have a cough, you should breathe through your mouth.

Why can’t it be done at inhalation temperature? When body temperature is elevated due to illness, any additional external temperature exposure (for example, a hot bath, hot weather or inhalation) significantly aggravates the person's condition.

In addition, the procedure is contraindicated if you are prone to bleeding, at sore throat in the stage of purulent inflammation, with diseases of the lungs and cardiovascular system, with spontaneous pneumothorax, at bullous emphysema, at cerebral atherosclerosis, and also when individual intolerance components included in the solution for inhalation.

How to do inhalation at home? First, it is worth deciding on the method of behavior of the procedure. If you don’t have an inhaler at hand at home, you can use a container, usually a saucepan or basin. The inhalation solution is poured directly into the container and, placing your head over it (be sure to cover it with a towel so that the steam does not evaporate so quickly), breathe for the required time.

Of course, an inhaler is a special device ideal for inhalation. However, the procedure with saline solution, soda or saline solution, as well as infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs can be carried out without a specialized apparatus. It's a different matter when it comes to medications. For example, for inhalation with Lazolvan or with other medications, a nebulizer is better suited.

How to use a nebulizer for cough and runny nose

Above we talked about how to do inhalation correctly and settled on the general rules for this procedure. They will be relevant for any type of inhalers, including nebulizers. However, this type of device also has its own recommendations.

Firstly, let's start with the fact that for nebulizer You should choose specialized medications and avoid oil-based medications. Frequent use of essential oils leads to blockage of the lumens in the bronchi, which is fraught with “oil” pneumonia. In addition, you should not get carried away with decoctions of medicinal herbs, small particles of which can clog the device.

Secondly, all drug-based nebulizer solutions for coughs or runny noses must be prepared under sterile conditions (for this, the dishes should be pre-boiled) using 0.9% saline (sodium chloride) as a solvent.

Thirdly, it is undesirable to use ordinary water, even boiled, instead of saline solution. And lastly: it is better to use the prepared solution for the nebulizer immediately. However, if there is a need to store such a mixture, then it is worth remembering that the solution should be placed in the refrigerator for a maximum of 24 hours after preparation.

Before using it again during the day, the mixture is heated in a water bath to at least 20 C. You need to use the nebulizer carefully and be sure to wash your hands with soap before starting to work with the device. First, assemble the apparatus, and then prepare the solution. The resulting liquid is poured into a special compartment of the device and must be used immediately after preparation.

The duration of inhalation through a nebulizer can reach 10 minutes. As a rule, the device itself warns about the end of the procedure. The aerosol from the inhalation solution stops forming and flowing into the tube. After the procedure, you should thoroughly rinse the inhaler parts and dry them.

Nebulizer for children against cough and runny nose

As we said above, when cough and at runny nose in children nebulizer will become a faithful assistant for parents. True, children are reluctant to inhale; they are still too small and are simply afraid of the device, which looks a little scary. In addition, the procedure lasts a certain time, during which the child needs to sit still, and without being distracted by what is happening around him.

Otherwise, inhalation does not cure and becomes a waste of time. To top it all off, only certain types of devices, as well as specialized medications, can be used to treat children. The steam inhaler is strictly prohibited for use in the treatment of children under one year of age.

This is due to the structural features of the respiratory tract in infants; they are anatomically narrower than in older children. Under the influence of steam, the mucus in the respiratory tract swells and softens. However, the child does not yet know how to cough, so everything can end in an attack of suffocation.

For children choose nebulizers– compressor, membrane or ultrasonic inhalers that convert a medicinal solution for inhalation into an aerosol cloud.

So, which nebulizer is best for a child? Compressor nebulizers are considered universal devices suitable for children of all ages.

They work due to the built-in compressor, which generates an aerosol that can penetrate even the deepest parts of the respiratory system. Compressor inhalers are suitable for both children and adults; they are equipped with masks of several sizes, as well as special attachments (mouthpiece, mouthpiece), which allows you to treat a wide range of diseases of the lower and upper respiratory tract.

An important advantage of compressor nebulizers is that many medications are suitable for their use, including those containing hormones or antibiotics, for example, Fluimucil. In addition, the device can be used in bedridden patients or in children from the first days of life and even during sleep.

It is also noteworthy that the presence in the device of adjusting the particle size of the aerosol cloud allows you to more accurately calculate the dosage of medicines. Among the most popular and well-proven compressor nebulizers are brands such as B.Well WN-117, LITTLE DOCTOR, Omron, MED2000, Ergopower, A&D, Delphinus.

The disadvantages of compressor inhalers include the following:

• loud noise during operation;
• the device is heavy and not at all compact in size, which is inconvenient when traveling;
• To use oil-based preparations or essential oils, as well as decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs, you need to purchase certain models of compressor nebulizers.

Ultrasonic nebulizers is a more portable alternative to compressor inhalers. As the name implies, this device forms an aerosol cloud of medical preparations using ultrasound. This inhaler is not noisy, and is also very compact, one might say pocket-sized. Therefore, it is convenient to take it with you on trips and use it in the car, since the device is equipped with a car adapter for recharging.

Thanks to the technical features of ultrasonic nebulizers, these devices are very productive and effective, because they can deliver a medicinal aerosol to the most distant parts of the respiratory system within 10-15 minutes of use. The most popular ultrasonic nebulizers for children at the moment are Omron, LITTLE DOCTOR, B.Well, Amrus, AND UN, AMNB, MESH, MEDISANA, Rotor.

Ultrasonic models also have several significant disadvantages:

• quite high cost;
• Often, one or another nebulizer model has its own recipes for inhalation solutions;
• only some models of ultrasonic inhalers can work with oil-based medications;
• the inability to use this type of device in bedridden patients;
• the need to periodically replace some consumables used in the device (cups for solution).

Membrane or mesh inhaler(Omron, B.Well, A&D, Little Doctor) works on the basis of a membrane, which forms an aerosol cloud due to vibrations. This type of inhalation device operates silently, is compact in size and light in weight. In addition, the device can operate both from the mains and from AA batteries.

However, this model has one significant drawback - high cost. On average, a mesh inhaler will cost 9,000 rubles. True, it is precisely this advanced type of inhaler that experts advise parents whose children need constant inhalations to purchase.

In conclusion, I would like to note that each inhaler model has its own pros and cons and you should choose a device based on your individual needs. After all, there is no point in buying an expensive device that will be indispensable for allergy sufferers or people suffering from bronchial asthma if you need an inhaler a couple of times a year.

Some general tips for using nebulizers:

• It is important to remember that certain ready-made inhalation solutions that can be purchased at the pharmacy are suitable for the nebulizer.
• Not all devices are capable of working with oil-based medications or essential oils, therefore, if the nebulizer is not intended for such medical products, you should not test the device for strength. As a rule, the instructions for the device will contain a list of medications that can be used.
• To avoid negative consequences for human health and the integrity of the device, it is prohibited to use dissolved capsules, tablets crushed in water or nasal drops for nebulizers, and you cannot add all of the above to a ready-made solution for inhalation, for example, saline, and so on.
• All solutions for the nebulizer are made only on the basis of saline solution (0.9%), water cannot be used.
• The use of essential oils for inhalation using a nebulizer in children under one year of age is strictly prohibited. In addition, oily drugs can only be used in a device mode that creates an aerosol cloud of large particles (from 8 nm). Otherwise, the oils will not accumulate on the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, but will penetrate into the bronchi, which can lead to the development of suffocation.

And lastly, it is best to check with your doctor about how long to inhale using a nebulizer. After all, each type of ailment has its own therapeutic treatment plan, deviations from which can lead to the development of serious complications.

Inhalations for cough

In fact, few people know that cough- this is not always a symptom of a disease, it is also a physiological process that helps clear the airways of foreign objects or substances that interfere with their patency.

However, in the case when a cough appears against the background of a rash, fever and other symptoms of intoxication of the body (weakness, headache, aches in the joints and muscles, and so on), then we are no longer talking about a reflex, but about the development acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections or infectious diseases.

In the fight against cough, children and adults can be helped by a procedure such as inhalation. However, before using it, you should definitely consult a doctor who will help you choose medications suitable for children of a certain age or adults, taking into account their individual characteristics.

Recipes for inhalation with a nebulizer for coughs for children

So, if a child has cough, there is no fever or other contraindications for inhalation, then the following medications or solutions can be used for the procedure at home:

• bronchodilators or medications that dilate the bronchi, larynx and trachea ( Berodual, Ventolin, Atrovent, Berotek);
• mucolytics, those. medications that help thin and remove mucus from the respiratory tract (Mukaltin, Ambrobene, Pertussin, Lazolvan, Bronchipret);
• anti-inflammatory drugs ( Rotokan, Pulmicort, Propolis, Cromohexal, Tonsilgon);
• antiseptic drugs ( Miramistin, Dioxidine, Chlorophyllipt, mixture for inhalation from Mosfarm);
• antitussive drugs ( Tussamag, Lidocaine);
• antibiotics ( Gentamicin, Fluimucil);
• moisturizing mucous membranes of the larynx and anti-inflammatory solutions with baking soda, sea or table salt, with slightly alkaline mineral water;
• immunostimulating drugs ( Interferon).

It is important to remember that even the best and at first glance absolutely harmless (with saline, soda, salt, mineral water) cough recipes for steam inhalers are absolutely not suitable for treating young children.

Inhalations for dry cough

What to do, and most importantly, what to use for inhalation of medicines for dry cough at home. We will give detailed answers to these questions below. Typically, a dry cough is a companion to colds. To treat this ailment, there are a great variety of drugs for every taste and financial opportunity.

However, sometimes neither tablets nor sprays, as well as medicinal aerosols and syrups, can cope with a severe cough. In this case, you should pay attention to inhalation, which, unlike “superficial” drugs, delivers drugs to the most remote parts of the respiratory system.

Thus, having a more effective effect on the mucous membranes and muscles of the respiratory system, while helping to remove phlegm and reduce spasms. However, to carry out the procedure, especially on your own, is only worth visiting a doctor who, firstly, will make an accurate diagnosis and select the correct solution for inhalation, and secondly, will tell you how to do it correctly.

As we have noted more than once in this material, not everyone is suitable for one or another type of procedure. Is it possible to use inhalation for a dry cough? You can, but adhere to the following recommendations:

• The procedure can be carried out after visiting a doctor and in cases where there are no contraindications ( temperature, diseases of the cardiovascular system, bleeding from the nose, emphysema, tuberculosis, high pressure and others).
• It is better to carry out inhalations for dry coughs with a nebulizer. This device is faster and, most importantly, more effective at completing the task, and is also not prohibited for small children.
• Steam inhalers are not used in the treatment of children under 4 years of age. This is important to remember to avoid the development of severe side effects and complications.
• For inhalation with a nebulizer, you should choose specialized medications.
• When using essential oils, infusions or decoctions of medicinal plants in a steam inhaler, you must make sure in advance that you are not allergic to the components of the inhalation solution.

The most effective drugs for cough (according to reviews of inhalations):

• saline solution, slightly alkaline mineral water, saline or soda solutions help moisturize the mucous membranes of the larynx, have an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect and relieve dry cough;
• bronchodilators ( Berodual, Salbutamol, Atrovent);
• hormonal drugs ( Prednisolone, Pulmicort);
• antibiotics ( Furacilin, Gentamicin);
• mucolytic drugs ( Ambrobene, ACC, Lazolvan, Pulmozyme).

If there is no allergy, then dry cough you can breathe through a steam inhaler using decoctions and infusions of sage, plantain, chamomile, linden or St. John's wort. Pregnant women and children are given inhalations using a nebulizer with dry cough syrup or Pertussin. These medications effectively cope with dry cough and do not harm the body.

Inhalations for laryngitis

About how to treat laryngitis, which is an inflammation of the mucous membranes larynx during colds or infectious diseases ( whooping cough, scarlet fever, measles) many people think. This issue is especially acute for parents, because with laryngitis, children experience not only a severe sore throat, but also a general deterioration in their condition.

We will talk below about how to treat laryngitis in adults and children using inhalation. First, let's look at the causes of the disease. So, as we already mentioned, laryngitis characteristic of some infectious diseases that affect the respiratory tract. In addition, the malaise develops in the autumn-winter period, when there is a risk of catching acute respiratory infections or ARVI increases.

With laryngitis, the mucous membranes of the upper trachea and larynx are damaged, which leads to the development of inflammation. Moreover, the causes of this phenomenon can be not only hypothermia, infectious or colds, but also other circumstances, for example, loss of voice (strain of the vocal cords).

With this disease, the mucous membranes of the larynx acquire a bright red tint, a cough appears, the voice becomes hoarse, and the throat is very sore and “tearing.” In the acute form of the disease, a person may have a fever, and there may also be symptoms of general intoxication of the body.

The main goal of treating laryngitis is to eliminate the causes of the disease. In order for the therapy to be as effective as possible, the patient should:

• exclude overly spicy foods from your diet;
• refrain from smoking and drinking alcohol;
• minimize conversations for 5-7 days so as not to overstrain the ligaments.

As a rule, rinsing, warm drinks and warm compresses help with laryngitis. The attending physician may prescribe additional medications, as well as procedures, such as inhalation. However, it is worth remembering that at elevated temperatures this procedure is contraindicated.

Preparations for inhalation with a nebulizer for laryngitis

Before carrying out the procedure, you should consult your doctor. Since only a specialist will be able to select the correct treatment based on the causes of the disease and the characteristics of a particular patient. Many believe that for laryngitis you can limit yourself to using classic steam inhalers.

However, this is an extremely wrong approach to the problem. The steam simply will not be able to reach the larynx, and therefore have at least some therapeutic effect. In addition, steam inhalers are prohibited from being used in the treatment of small children due to the risk of developing laryngospasm.

Research shows that for this ailment it is better to resort to the help of nebulizers and specialized medicinal solutions for them. So, what medications should you choose for inhalation for laryngitis:

• sputum thinners - saline solution, soda, saline or slightly alkaline solution (mineral water);
• antiseptics - Dioxidine, Hexoral, Miramistin;
• anti-inflammatory – Tonsilgon, Chlorophyllipt, Rotokan.

In some cases, when laryngitis therapy using drugs containing hormones or adrenaline is justified. Inhalations with Hydrocortisone, Pulmicort, Flixotide, Prednisolone or adrenergic agents such as Epinephrine will help in alleviating the patient’s condition, but they can only be carried out with the permission of the doctor.

With this disease in children Berodual Prescribed by many pediatricians. What is noteworthy is that the instructions for this drug do not say that it is effective for laryngitis. The drug is used for asthma, COPD, emphysema or when bronchitis.

Therefore, prescribing this drug to a child, given that it can only be used in a hospital setting, is doubtful. Laryngospasms still different from bronchospasms, for which it is effective Berodual, so when laryngitis use drugs that contain hydrocortisone, euphilin, sodium bicarbonate or prednisolone.

Inhalation at laryngitis should be done an hour or two after eating. For half an hour after the procedure, it is better to refrain from talking, and you should not smoke, drink or eat. At laryngitis During inhalation, you should inhale through your mouth and exhale, on the contrary, through your nose.

If several medications are prescribed, they should be used in the following sequence:

• first - bronchodilators;
• after 15 minutes - expectorants;
• in custody - anti-inflammatory or antiseptic drugs.

Inhalations for bronchitis

Bronchitis- This is one of the common diseases in which the inflammatory process affects the bronchi. Typically, the cause of this disease is bacterial or viral infection. Used in the treatment of bronchitis antibiotics and antiviral drugs.

In addition, it is effective in bronchitis and an inhaler. There are several forms of the disease - acute, chronic and obstructive bronchitis.

Depending on the type of disease, the doctor prescribes certain medications. Inhalations for bronchitis at home can be done only after consultation with a specialist.

The following medications are usually prescribed for the procedure:

• Miramistin, Dioxidine And Chlorhexidine– antiseptics designed to combat the viral nature of the disease;
• Ambroxol, Lazolvan, Ambrobene– mucolytics, which help remove and thin sputum;
• Derinat- immunomodulator;
• Rotokan, extracts of tea tree, fir, sage, calendula, eucalyptus oil - natural anti-inflammatory agents;
• Tobramycin, Gentamicin, Fluimucil, ACC– antibiotics that kill harmful bacteria;
• Ventolin, Berotek or Berodual– bronchodilators, drugs that dilate the bronchi;
• Xylometazoline, Naphthyzin, Oxymetazoline(nasal drops) – vasoconstrictors are used for pronounced swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract;
• hormonal agents.

Effective medicines for inhalation for bronchitis In children, only a pediatrician can prescribe it. However, we cannot ignore such safe methods of treating bronchitis at home as inhalation with saline, saline, soda and weakly alkaline solutions.

Procedures with the above mentioned remedies will help moisturize the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, which will reduce pain. In addition, they effectively liquefy and remove mucus.

Inhalations for pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is a disease that affects the lymphoid tissue and mucous membranes of the pharynx. The cause of the disease can be either inhalation of polluted or too cold air, or the pathogenic effect of harmful microorganisms on the body. Depending on the causative agent of the disease, the doctor selects drugs for treatment pharyngitis.

Antibiotics for pharyngitis in adults or children, it is prescribed if the development of the disease is provoked by bacteria of staphylococcus, streptococcus or pneumococcus. Antiviral drugs and immunomodulatory agents are effective if pharyngitis occurs against the background flu or other types ARVI.

To treat the disease, not only medication is used. At pharyngitis Rinsing and inhalation are effective. At home, you can use simple devices for steam inhalation (containers with inhalation solution and hot water) or specialized devices.

Solutions for inhalation for pharyngitis:

• soda or saline solution;
• saline;
• infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs (calendula, St. John's wort, chamomile);
• essential oils and extracts (sage, oak bark, eucalyptus, pine, mint, juniper);
• herbal preparations ( Rotokan, Malavit, Tonsilgon);
• antiseptic drugs ( Fluimucil, Miramistin, Dioxidine).

Nebulizer inhalation for cough and runny nose

Since ancient times, one of the most effective and safest ways to overcome seasonal colds and flu has been inhalation, which traditionally consisted of inhaling hot vapors of herbal decoctions.

Today, doctors all over the world highly appreciate the effect of nebulizer therapy - inhalation using special devices - inhalers or nebulizers, this is primarily due to the effectiveness and safety of this treatment method. The therapeutic effect in this procedure is achieved by transporting the drug in the form of an aerosol directly to the site of inflammation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys and other organs and systems.

Inhalation is used in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), chronic bronchitis, asthma and other respiratory diseases.

Ukrainian pharmacies offer a fairly wide selection of inhalers. Operating principle such devices - converting the drug into an aerosol using a compressor or ultrasonic vibrations.

It should be noted that the possibility of reaching foci of inflammation, the depth of penetration of the drug into the upper or lower respiratory tract, directly depends on the size of the aerosol particles. A unique feature of some inhalers is that the device converts the aerosol into very small (up to 5 microns) particles. This allows the medicine to penetrate simultaneously into the upper and, importantly, reach the lower respiratory tract, bronchioles and alveoli in the concentration required for the therapeutic effect.

Inhalers, as a rule, are equipped with a built-in timer; if not, then on average, the duration of the inhalation procedure is 10 minutes. Some devices are equipped with an automatic shut-off mode, which makes the therapy session easier. Also, in some devices it is possible to regulate the speed of aerosol supply into the respiratory tract: for adults it is higher, for children it is lower.

Today in Ukraine there are not many medical institutions that are equipped with the new generation of nebulizers. Basically, devices made in the USSR are used, which have gone through more than one maintenance cycle. Now everyone can take care of their health using their personal nebulizer inhaler without leaving home or visiting a clinic, especially in cold weather, when the effect of inhalation is reduced.

What is the difference between a compressor and an ultrasonic nebulizer?

Compressor inhalers nebulizers

An electric compressor supplies a powerful air stream to the spray chamber, where upon contact with the medicine, a polydisperse aerosol containing particles less than 5 microns is formed, which is optimal for the medicine to enter the lungs.

The positive properties of a compressor inhaler are its versatility in the use of medications. The disadvantage of such a device is the noise factor; a compressor nebulizer is considered noisier than ultrasonic devices.

Ultrasonic inhalers and nebulizers

An aerosol is formed by exposing the liquid to ultrasonic vibrations generated by a piezoelectric element. About 90% of aerosol particles are 2-3 microns in size, due to which they reach the small bronchi and bronchioles. Disadvantages - restrictions on the use of certain types of medications. Advantages: noiselessness.

What determines the level of drug penetration into the respiratory tract?

The depth to which aerosol particles penetrate the respiratory tract depends on the size of the aerosol particles. It has been established that particles of 5-10 microns in size are deposited in the oropharynx, larynx and trachea, 2-5 microns - in the lower respiratory tract (middle and small bronchi), 0.5-2 microns - in the alveoli, less than 0.5 microns are not retained in the lungs and are exhaled. All this information is taken into account when developing modern inhalers and creating drugs for inhalation treatment.

What are the benefits of inhalation therapy?

• Possibility of direct and rapid impact on the area of ​​inflammation
• The inhaled substance is practically not absorbed into the blood. No side effects on other organs
• High penetrating ability (up to the alveoli)
• Use of medications whose aerosol can only be obtained in this way (antibiotics, sputum thinners)
• Possibility of using inhalation therapy in patients of all ages, as well as during exacerbations

Medicines for use in inhalers and nebulizers

Natural and essential oils

Inhaling essential oils is an effective method of aromatherapy. You should use different oils with caution; the selection of oils should be individual. Before using essential oils, you should always consult your doctor. When using essential oils, their concentration should not exceed 5%.

Alkaline solutions

Sodium bicarbonate. A 2% solution is used to thin the mucus and create an alkaline environment at the site of inflammation. Ten-minute inhalation increases the efficiency of removing mucopurulent discharge from the nasal cavity by more than 2 times.

Saline solutions

Sodium chloride. The 0.9% solution does not irritate the mucous membranes; it is used to soften them, to cleanse and rinse the nasal cavity in case of contact with caustic substances. A 2% hypertonic solution helps cleanse the nasal cavity of mucopurulent contents.

Bronchodilators

Atrovent - has both a direct bronchodilator effect and a similar preventive effect, causes a decrease in the secretion of the bronchial glands and prevents the development of bronchospasm. In a solution for inhalation through a nebulizer, apply 1 ml 3 to 5 times a day for adults.

Salbutamol - relieves bronchospasm, reduces bronchial resistance and increases lung capacity

Berotec (fenoterol) - for inhalation through a nebulizer, used in the form of a 0.1% solution of 2 ml 3-4 times a day in order to obtain a rapid bronchodilator effect.

Berodual is a fast-acting drug with a duration of action of up to 5-6 hours, which allows it to be used to relieve bronchospasm.

Mucolytics

Acetylcysteine ​​- used for inhalation through a nebulizer in the form of a 20% solution of 2-4 ml 3-4 times a day.

Mucomist - for inhalation, an ampoule solution is used, containing 0.2 g of the active substance in 1 ml.

Lazolvan - for inhalation therapy can be used for obstructive chronic bronchitis in the acute stage. That's why, inhalations for obstructive bronchitis can be treated with lazolvan.

Pulmicort - a suspension of 0.25 mg is used 2-3 times a day.

Antibiotics

Dioxidin is an antimicrobial drug that also acts on strains of bacteria resistant to various antibiotics, in the form of a 1% solution.

Furacilin (1:5000) affects gram-positive and gram-negative microbes; Inhalations are effective in acute phases of upper respiratory tract diseases. Inhalations are recommended 2 times a day in an amount of 2-5 ml.

Malavit is a powerful antiseptic and antibacterial agent with antiviral and antifungal, as well as analgesic properties.

Tubazid - used as a 6% solution, 21 ml twice a day.

Streptomycin - for inhalation therapy, use a freshly prepared solution of streptomycin in an isotonic sodium chloride solution at the rate of 0.2 - 0.25 g of streptomycin in 3-5 ml of sodium chloride solution daily.

What drugs are used for inhalation?

Currently, a number of drugs for nebulization are registered in Ukraine (the information below is for informational purposes only and is not a basis for recommendation to patients without a doctor’s prescription). Some of them are presented below.

Cough inhalations: mucolytics (sputum thinners)

Ambroxol hydrochloride (Lazolvan, Beringenr, Ingelheim) amp. 2 ml (15 mg)

Ambroxol hydrochloride (Ambrobene, Ratiopharm) solution for ing. fl. 100 ml

Inhalations for the common cold: Antibacterial agents

Amikacin (Lorikacin, Exir Pharmaceutical Co) amp. 50/250mg/2 ml

Lincomycin hydrochloride (Lincocin, Pharmacia N.V. / S.A.) fl. 300 mg/ 2 ml

Inhalations for the treatment of throat and nose. Antiseptics

Dioxidin amp. 0.5% 10 ml

Furacillin fl. 200, 400 ml

Miramistin fl. 0.01% 200 ml

Humidifiers: rehydrators of the respiratory mucosa

Saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride solution) vial. 200, 400 ml

Mineral alkaline waters “Luzhanskaya”, “Polyana Kvasova”, “Borjomi”, etc.

Sodium bicarbonate (solution 0.5-2%) fl. 200, 400 ml

Inhalations with a nebulizer: preparation of solutions for a nebulizer

1. Drugs that dilate the bronchi (Bronchodilators)

Berodual, active ingredient: fenoterol and ipratropium bromide (solution for inhalation) – Prevention and treatment of suffocation in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases. The most effective of bronchodilators, has the least side effects.

Adults and children over 12 years old – 2 ml (40 drops) of the drug per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

Children from 6 to 12 years old – 1 ml (20 drops) of the drug per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

Children under 6 years old – 0.5 ml (10 drops) of the drug per 1 inhalation, up to 3 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 3 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Berotek, active ingredient: fenoterol (0.1% solution for inhalation) –

To relieve an attack of bronchial asthma:

Adults and children over 12 years old – 0.5 ml (0.5 mg – 10 drops), in severe cases – 1 ml (1 mg – 20 drops)

Children 6–12 years old (body weight 22–36 kg) – 0.25-0.5 ml (0.25-0.5 mg – 5-10 drops), in severe cases – 1 ml (1 mg – 20 drops) )

Prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:

Adults and children over 6 years old – 0.5 ml (0.5 mg – 10 drops) per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

Children under 6 years old (body weight less than 22 kg) – 0.25-1 ml (0.25-1 mg – 5-20 drops), up to 3 times a day

Salgim, Ventolin Nebula, active ingredient: salbutamol (0.1% solution for inhalation) – Relief of asthma attacks, prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect is significantly inferior to Berotek

Adults and children – 2.5 ml (2.5 mg) per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day with an interval between inhalations of at least 6 hours

Intended for use undiluted

Atrovent, active ingredient: ipratropium bromide (0.025% solution for inhalation) – Relief of asthma attacks, prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect is somewhat inferior to Berotek and salbutamol preparations, but the main advantage is the safety of use

Adults and children over 12 years old – 0.5 mg (40 drops) per 1 inhalation, 3–4 times a day

Children 6–12 years old – 0.25 mg (20 drops) per 1 inhalation, 3–4 times a day

Children under 6 years of age – 0.1–0.25 mg (8-20 drops) per 1 inhalation, 3–4 times a day (under medical supervision).

2. Drugs that thin sputum (Mucolytics) and remove phlegm (Secretolytics, expectorants)

Fluimucil, ACC Inject, active ingredient: acetylcysteine ​​(10% solution for injection) – Impairment of sputum discharge from the lower respiratory tract, facilitation of mucous secretion in the upper respiratory tract

Adults and children over 12 years old – 3 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Children from 6 to 12 years old – 2 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Children from 2 to 6 years old – 1-2 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Course of treatment – ​​no more than 10 days

Acetylcysteine ​​preparations should not be used simultaneously with antibiotics, because they reduce the absorption of antibiotics. In cases where simultaneous administration of acetylcysteine ​​and an antibiotic is required, either another form of the drug is used: “Fluimucil-antibiotic”, or other mucolytic drugs compatible with antibiotics are used (for example, based on ambroxol). It should be noted that the use of acetylcysteine ​​preparations reduces the toxic effect of paracetamol on the liver.

Lazolvan, Abmbrobene, active ingredient: ambroxol (solution for inhalation and oral administration) – Acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract with the release of viscous sputum

Adults and children over 6 years old – 2-3 ml of solution per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Children from 2 to 6 years old – 2 ml of solution per 1 inhalation 1-2 times a day

Children under 2 years old – 1 ml of solution per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, the recommended dose of the drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:1

Course of treatment – ​​no more than 5 days

Ambroxol-based drugs should not be used simultaneously with antitussive drugs (for example: codeine, libexin, falimint, broncholitin, pectusin, sinekod, etc.). The use of ambroxol preparations promotes good absorption of antibiotics.

Narzan, Borjomi(weakly alkaline mineral waters) – Moisturizing the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract

For 1 inhalation use 3-4 ml of mineral water, 2-4 times a day.

Before inhalation, mineral water should be left to degas.

Sinupret, homeopathic herbal medicine (drops based on plant extracts: gentian root, sorrel, primrose, elderberry, verbena) – Restores the protective properties and reduces swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract in acute and chronic sinusitis. Promotes the outflow of exudate from the paranasal sinuses

For adults and children over 16 years of age - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of drug 1 ml of saline solution)

For children from 2 to 6 years old - in a ratio of 1:3 (3 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

Gedelix, herbal medicine(drops based on ivy extract) – Diseases of the upper respiratory tract and bronchi with difficult to separate sputum, cough (including dry)

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

For adults and children over 10 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

For children under 10 years old - in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Cough syrup, herbal medicine (powder (for children and adults) for preparing a solution based on plant extracts: anise, licorice root, marshmallow root, thermopsis) – Respiratory tract diseases accompanied by cough, especially with difficult sputum discharge

To prepare an inhalation solution, the contents of 1 package should be dissolved in 15 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment.

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Mukaltin, herbal medicine (tablets based on marshmallow root extract) – Expectorant for diseases of the respiratory tract and lungs

To prepare an inhalation solution, dissolve 1 tablet in 80 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment.

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Pertusin, herbal medicine (solution based on plant extract: thyme, thyme) – Expectorant for tracheitis, bronchitis, whooping cough

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

For adults and children over 12 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of drug 1 ml of saline solution)

For children under 12 years of age - in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

3. Anti-inflammatory drugs

Rotokan, herbal medicine (alcohol infusion of plant extracts: calendula, chamomile, yarrow) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the upper and middle respiratory tract

For 1 inhalation, use 4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Propolis, herbal medicine (tincture) – Inflammatory processes, pain and injuries of the upper and middle respiratory tract

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:20 (1 ml of the drug per 20 ml of saline)

Contraindications – allergies to bee products

Eucalyptus, herbal medicine (alcohol tincture) – Inflammatory diseases of the upper and middle respiratory tract

A solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting 10-15 drops of the drug in 200 ml of saline solution

For 1 inhalation use 3 ml of the resulting solution, 3-4 times a day

Contraindications – bronchial asthma, bronchospasm (suffocation)

Malavit, dietary supplement (alcohol tincture based on minerals and plant extracts) – Acute inflammatory diseases and pain of the upper and middle respiratory tract

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline solution in a ratio of 1:30 (1 ml of the drug per 30 ml of saline solution)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Tonsilgon N, homeopathic herbal medicine (drops based on plant extracts: marshmallow root, walnut leaves, horsetail, chamomile, yarrow, oak bark, dandelion) – Acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis)

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

For adults and children over 7 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

For children from 1 to 7 years old - in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For children under 1 year - in a ratio of 1:3 (3 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Calendula, herbal medicine (alcohol infusion of calendula extract) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:40 (1 ml of the drug per 40 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation use 4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day

4. Anti-inflammatory hormonal drugs (Glucocorticosteroids) and antiallergic drugs (Antihistamines)

Pulmicort, active ingredient: budesonide (suspension for inhalation, available in “child” (0.25 mg/ml) and “adult” (0.5 mg/ml) dosages) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract (bronchial asthma, chronic disease lungs) requiring treatment with hormonal drugs. Has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects.

Adults/elderly and children over 12 years of age – 1 mg per 1 inhalation, 1-3 times a day

Children from 6 months. and up to 12 years – 0.25 mg per 1 inhalation, 1-3 times a day

This drug is not used in ultrasonic nebulizers. If a single dose of the drug is less than 2 ml, then saline solution should be added to increase the volume of the inhaled solution to 2 ml. In other cases, the drug is inhaled in its pure form (without dilution in saline).

Daily dose of the drug:

0.25 mg/ml – 1 ml 0.25 mg/ml

0.5 mg/ml – 2 ml 0.25 mg/ml

0.75 mg/ml – 3 ml 0.25 mg/ml

1 mg/ml – 4 ml of 0.25 ml/mg or 2 ml of 0.5 mg/ml

1.5 mg/ml – 3 ml 0.5 mg/ml

2 mg/ml – 4 ml 0.5 mg/ml

Dexamethasone, (0.4% solution for injection, 4 mg/ml) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract requiring treatment with hormonal drugs

For 1 inhalation, use 0.5 ml (2 mg) of the drug, up to 4 times a day.

The course of treatment is no more than 7 days

To prepare an inhalation solution, 3 ml of saline solution should be added to the recommended dose of the drug.

You can also pre-dilute ampoules with the drug in saline solution in a ratio of 1:6 (6 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3-4 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

Cromohexal, active ingredient: cromoglycic acid (solution for inhalation, 20 mg / 2 ml) – Has anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic effects.

For adults and children over 2 years of age, inhale the contents of 1 bottle (without dilution with saline) 4 times a day, if possible, at equal time intervals.

5. Antimicrobial and antibacterial drugs (Antibiotics and Antiseptics)

Fluimucil antibiotic, active ingredient: acetylcysteine ​​and thiamphenicol (powder for injection and inhalation complete with solvent) – The need for simultaneous administration of an antibiotic and a drug that dilutes and removes sputum and mucus from the lower and upper respiratory tract

To prepare the drug, add 5 ml of solvent (1 ampoule) to the bottle with the powder. The resulting preparation should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day, before use it should be warmed to room temperature.

Adults and children over 12 years old – ½ bottle (250 mg) for 1 inhalation 1-2 times a day

Children under 12 years old – ¼ bottle (125 mg) per 1 inhalation 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 2 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Furacilin, active ingredient: nitrofural (0.024% aqueous solution, 1:5000) – Has disinfectant properties. Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, prevention of infection penetration into deeper parts of the bronchial tree

For inhalation, use a ready-made solution of furatsilin (in its pure form, without dilution in saline) 4 ml per 1 inhalation 2 times a day. This solution must be ordered from the production department of the pharmacy.

You can prepare the solution yourself by dissolving 1 tablet of furatsilin in 100 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment. Inhale 4 ml of the resulting solution 2 times a day.

Dioxidine, (0.5% or 1% solution for injection) – Has broad-spectrum disinfectant properties.

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:4 for a 1% drug or in a ratio of 1:2 for a 0.5% drug.

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 2 times a day.

Chlorophyllipt, herbal medicine (1% alcohol infusion based on chlorophyll from eucalyptus leaves) – Staphylococcal respiratory tract infection

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:10 (1 ml of the drug per 10 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation, use 3 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

The product stains very strongly and cannot be washed off!

Gentamicin, (4% gentamicin sulfate solution for injection, 40 mg/ml) – Respiratory tract infections

Adults and children over 12 years old – 0.5 ml (20 mg) of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Children from 2 to 12 years old – 0.25 ml (10 mg) of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, 3 ml of saline solution should be added to the recommended dose of the drug. You can also pre-dilute ampoules with the drug in saline solution:

For adults and children over 12 years old - in a ratio of 1:6 (6 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3-4 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

For children from 2 to 12 years old - in a ratio of 1:12 (12 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

Miramistin, (0.01% solution) – Broad-spectrum antiseptic. Treatment of respiratory tract infections, including those accompanied by purulent discharge

For inhalation, adults and children over 12 years of age use a ready-made 0.01% solution of Miramistin (in its pure form, without dilution in saline), 4 ml per 1 inhalation 3 times a day.

For children under 12 years of age, to prepare an inhalation solution, the drug should be diluted with saline solution in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhaled 3-4 ml per 1 inhalation 3 times a day.

Dekasan for inhalation

Dekasan- active against most gram-negative, gram-positive microorganisms - the causative agent of diphtheria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococci, staphylococci.

For children over 12 years of age and adults, for inhalation with a nebulizer, Dekasan can not be diluted with saline, and use a solution of 0.2 mg/ml, 5-10 ml per inhalation 1-2 times a day.

For inhalation, dekasan is used in diluted form for children. For children under 12 years of age, Dekasan is diluted with saline solution in a 1:1 ratio. For one inhalation you need to buy Dekasan 0.2 mg/ml. and with each inhalation mix 2 ml of decasan and 2 ml. saline solution. Inhalations are carried out 1-2 times a day.

6. Immunomodulators

Interferon, (powder for preparing nasal drops) – Prevention and treatment of influenza, as well as other acute respiratory viral infections.

To prepare the drug, open the ampoule with the powder, pour boiled or distilled water at room temperature into it to the 2 ml mark, and shake gently.

For 1 inhalation, use 2 ml of the resulting solution, 2 times a day.

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 1 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Derinat, active ingredient: sodium disoribonucleate (0.25% solution for external use) – Prevention and treatment of influenza, ARVI and other viral infections of the upper respiratory tract and their complications

For 1 inhalation use 2 ml of the drug, 2 times a day.

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 2 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

7. Vasoconstrictor (decongestant) drugs

Adrenalin(Epinephrine), active ingredient: epinephrine (0.1% solution of adrenaline hydrochloride for external use or injection) – Bronchospasm (attack of suffocation), allergic laryngeal edema, laryngeal edema with laryngitis, laryngotracheitis and croup

Adults and children over 2 years old – 0.5 ml of the drug once, repeat the procedure if necessary

Children under 2 years old – 0.25 ml of the drug once, repeat the procedure if necessary

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 3 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

You can also pre-dilute the drug in saline:

For adults and children over 2 years old - in a ratio of 1:6 (6 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

For children under 2 years of age - in a ratio of 1:12 (12 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

Use with caution, increases heart rate! Do not use without consulting a doctor!

Naphthyzin, active ingredient: naphazoline (nasal drops, 0.05% and 0.1% solution) – Allergic stenosis (swelling) of the larynx, stenosis (swelling) of the larynx with laryngitis, laryngotracheitis and croup

To prepare an inhalation solution, the 0.05% drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:5 (for 1 ml of the drug, 5 ml of saline) or the 0.1% drug should be diluted in a ratio of 1:10 (for 1 ml of the drug, 10 ml saline solution).

To relieve swelling, inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution once, and repeat the procedure if necessary.

8. Antitussives

Lidocaine, (2% solution of lidocaine hydrochloride) – Obsessive dry cough. Local anesthetic effect

Adults and children over 12 years old – 2 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Children from 2 to 12 years old – 1 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 2 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Use with caution, there are very serious contraindications! Do not use without consulting a doctor!

Tussamag, herbal medicine (drops based on thyme extract) – Diseases of the upper respiratory tract accompanied by a non-productive cough

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

For adults and children over 17 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

For children from 6 to 16 years old - in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For children from 1 to 5 years old - in a ratio of 1:3 (3 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Rules for inhalation

1. Inhalations should be taken no earlier than 1-1.5 hours after meals, and you should not be distracted by conversation. After inhalation, it is not recommended to talk, eat, or go outside for 1 hour (in cool weather).

2. For diseases of the upper respiratory tract (nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx), inhalation and exhalation must be done through the nose using a mask. Breathe calmly, without tension.

3. For diseases of the middle respiratory tract (throat, larynx), inhalation and exhalation should be done through the mouth using a mask. You should breathe calmly as usual

4. For diseases of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, it is recommended to inhale the aerosol through the mouth using a mouthpiece. Breathe deeply and evenly.

5. Most solutions for inhalation are prepared using saline 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) as a solvent and humectant. The original drug is diluted with saline in certain proportions.

6. The prepared solution should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day. Be sure to warm to room temperature before use.

7. When prescribing several drugs simultaneously, the order should be observed. A bronchodilator is inhaled first, after 15-20 minutes a sputum thinner and remover is inhaled, then, after the sputum is discharged, an antibiotic or anti-inflammatory drug is inhaled.

8. The course of treatment depends on the complexity of the disease and the drug used (from 5 to 10 days)

9. Although nebulizer therapy does not apply to thermal physiotherapeutic procedures, it is nevertheless not recommended to perform inhalations at elevated body temperatures

10. It is prohibited to use oil preparations in nebulizers. Various oils are used to treat diseases only of the upper respiratory tract, for which exposure to coarse particles is sufficient, therefore steam inhalers are used for inhalation of oils. The nebulizer produces fine particles. When using oil solutions, fine particles of oil enter the lungs, and this significantly increases the risk of developing so-called oil pneumonia. Also, the use of essential oils in nebulizers increases the risk of allergies due to the high concentration of active substances in the lungs.

11. Most nebulizers do not allow the use of self-prepared decoctions and infusions of herbs, since they have a suspension that is much larger than aerosol particles and the nebulizer cannot miss them, which in turn can lead to damage to the device. For the same reason, suspensions and syrups are not used in nebulizers (with the exception of special suspensions for inhalation). Although there are nebulizers that can work with herbal decoctions.

12. Medicines such as Eufillin, Papaverine, Diphenhydramine and the like cannot be used in nebulizers, since they do not have “points of application” on the mucous membrane.

Disinfection of the nebulizer chamber and masks.

1. Lisetol AF (Schalke and Mayer, Germany) 4% - 30 min

2. Septodor Forte (Dorvet LTD, Israel) 0.4% - 10 min

3. Virkon (KRKA, Slovenia) 2% - 10 min

4. Peroximed (Russia) 3% - 30-120 min

5. Sodium hypochlorite 0.5% - 60 min

6. Chloramine (Russia) 3% - 60 min

7. Hydrogen peroxide 3% 200ml/l 30 min/ 60°C

8. Lizafin 2% - 15 min 1% - 60 min

DON'T FORGET TO CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR!

Based on materials: instructions for medications, opinions of specialists.

Useful articles:

1. Bronchitis. Treatment of bronchitis

2. Bronchial asthma. Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma

3. Cough in a child. How to treat it?

4. Flu and colds symptoms prevention treatment

5. Treating coughs with spices

A runny nose is a constant companion to a cold. Everyone is familiar with him. There are several ways to treat it: medication, folk remedies and inhalations. The latter procedures are more effectively carried out with a nebulizer. This ultrasonic device can quickly ease breathing with a runny nose, and then completely get rid of it, which is why inhalation with a nebulizer for a runny nose is so popular; recipes can be found in the article.

The benefits of the procedure for rhinitis

Inhalations with such a device help effectively and, most importantly, safely eliminate the symptoms of rhinitis without resorting to potent drugs. It can be effective at any stage of a runny nose, but it is still better to use it from the first days. He will be able to:

• moisturize the nasal mucosa;
• make nasal discharge less viscous and thereby reduce its discharge;
• eliminate dryness and itching in the nasal passages;
• soften crusts formed from dry air or sleep and help eliminate them;
• ensure the directed effect of the drug on the entire surface of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages;
• reduce swelling and inflammation of the inner lining of the nose.

The video explains how to breathe through a nebulizer when you have a runny nose:

Rules to follow when performing inhalations:

1. the environment during the procedure should be calm so that the patient near the device is not distracted by anything;
2. inhalation is carried out no earlier than an hour after eating;
3. after using the nebulizer, you should not smoke, drink alcohol, rinse your mouth or drink mucus removers for an hour;
4. the aerosol must be inhaled deeply through the mouth, and then after a few seconds exhaled through the mouth;
5. For effective treatment you need to undergo at least 8 inhalations. Each of them should last at least 10 minutes.

The use of a nebulizer is justified in case of viral diseases. Inhalations with it do not have a systemic interaction on the body, and this eliminates the formation of side effects. The device has a local effect on the runny nose: it alleviates symptoms and reduces pathological processes. It works more efficiently than other devices due to the fact that the drug particles coming out of it have a more finely dispersed structure, and therefore are more easily absorbed into the affected area of ​​the nose. But it is worth knowing that such an inhaler requires the use of certain solutions.

The video talks about the mandatory use of an inhaler in some cases:

What to put in a device to treat a runny nose?

Before answering this question, we will first tell you which substances absolutely cannot be used for it:

• vasoconstrictors. They can cause breathing problems when they penetrate the bronchi;
• herbal infusions and decoctions. Firstly, plant particles become clogged in various parts of the device and lead to its breakdown. Secondly, during vaporization, drops of herbal remedies that enter the lungs can cause allergic reactions;
• oils. They will ruin the nebulizer, and it will not be possible to restore it later. Also, their use can provoke pneumonia or lead to desolation of areas of the lungs.

The selection of medicinal solutions for the nebulizer cannot be done independently. You need to visit a doctor; perhaps, at a certain stage of the disease, he may prescribe strong drugs such as antibiotics.

Read how to get rid of snoring in a woman’s sleep.