What is the normal blood pressure for a 25 year old person? Normal blood pressure in adults and children. What blood pressure is considered normal?

Over the last ten years, arterial hypertension has become such a common disease that American, and after them European, cardiologists decided to revise the standards that had been in place since 2013 regarding human blood pressure (BP). This issue was raised at the ESC (European Society of Cardiology) conference, held on August 25-29, 2018 in Munich.

As a result, the conference decision lowered the level of recommended human pressure, and the norm for people under 65 years of age is now 120-129/80 mmHg. For other age categories, blood pressure standards have remained almost unchanged, but the range of permissible deviations has narrowed.

So, since 2018, in the countries of the European Union and the United States there has been a single norm of human blood pressure for adults under the age of 65 years. mmHg is considered ideal, but given the instability and dependence of this health marker on many influencing factors, doctors allow deviations within a certain range of pressure values, which is considered normal for healthy people.

Reference blood pressure values ​​by year

Reference, or averaged within the normal range, blood pressure values ​​have long been considered 110-139 for systolic and 60-89 for diastolic indicators. Therefore, antihypertensive therapy was considered successful if a person’s blood pressure could be kept at mmHg. Today, target values ​​and normal limits have been reduced.

Permissible deviations

The physiological characteristics of the body can be expressed, among other things, by the individual limits of normal blood pressure. Therefore, when correlating blood pressure measurements with the norm, some deviations are allowed.

1. The lower limit of normal pressure is considered to be (+/- 10).
2. The upper limit of normal has dropped to 130 mmHg since 2018.
3. With regard to diastolic pressure, the maximum permissible normal value became 80 mmHg.
4. The minimum acceptable diastolic is 60 (+/- 5) mm.

The main criterion for the norm remains a person’s well-being. For example, in a person with physiological hypotension, a blood pressure of 130/80 may cause headaches and chest discomfort.

Another example is that if a hypertensive patient does not tolerate a drop in blood pressure to the specified norms, the target values ​​of antihypertensive therapy can be individually increased for him. The decision to review the dosages of antihypertensive drugs is made by the attending physician.

Summary table of blood pressure norms by age

Due to the instability of blood pressure, it is difficult to establish clear boundaries of normal blood pressure by year, enclosed in a table. Therefore, the following data should be taken as guide values.

Table of blood pressure norms for adults and children

Age/gender	Female	Male	Female	Male
	GARDEN	GARDEN	DBP	DBP
3-6	85-95 (+/-5)	85-97 (+/-5)	45-50 (+/-5)	45-55 (+/-5)
7-10	95-105 (+/-5)	98-105 (+/-5)	55-60 (+/-5)	55-60 (+/5)
11-14	105-110 (+/10)	105-110 (+/-10)	60-65 (+/-5)	60 (+/-10)
Up to 20	110-120	100-120	65-75	60-70
Up to 40	110-130	110-130	75-80	70-80
Up to 65	120-130	120-130	75-80	75-80
older	135	135	80	80

Today's diastolic pressure standards for older people seem difficult to achieve, but it is precisely these figures that cardiologists around the world consider optimal in terms of preventing vascular accidents.

Blood pressure depends on many factors

Normal for men

In the table of blood pressure norms, you can see that the blood pressure values ​​​​for men and women do not have striking differences. Various factors influence the tone of blood vessels in men:

• emotional and physical stress;
• taking certain medications, caffeinated drinks, alcohol;
• stress, activities;
• nutritional features and others.

Doctors noticed that the most important factor in the status of a man’s vascular system is the hereditary predisposition transmitted by the mother. Most cases of congenital or predisposition to high blood pressure in men are explained by this.

A man may not notice blood pressure deviations from normal values ​​in one direction or another for years, which is sometimes interpreted as an individual blood pressure norm. But it should not exceed the threshold values ​​- 130/80 mmHg.

Individuals who engage in sports or regular physical training are prone to low blood pressure. At rest, their blood pressure can drop to critical levels for healthy people, but in this case we are talking about the individual norm.

For women

Blood pressure in women is influenced by physiological factors such as menstruation, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. The intervention of external or pathological factors can lead to both a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in blood pressure. Normal for women is considered to be the one shown in the table by year - no less than 100/60 and no more than 130/80 mmHg.

During the perinatal period, pressure fluctuations in women may be more noticeable and require attention, as they affect intrauterine development. This is discussed in more detail below.

For children and teenagers

To correlate indicators and norms of blood pressure in children, doctors use a table, as well as formulas for calculating the proper values ​​by age.

For babies aged 1-12 months, the normal systolic pressure is calculated as follows:

• 76 + 2n, where unknown = number of months;
• maximum systolic: 105 + 2n, where n is the number of months (up to 1 year) or years.

Calculation of diastolic blood pressure for children of this age is carried out according to the formula: 1/2 of the upper limit of systolic. For example, let's calculate the pressure for a 6-month-old baby:

• SBP = 76 + 2x6 = 88 mm Hg;
• DBP = (105 + 2x6): 2 = 53 mmHg.

For ages over 1 year, different formulas apply:

• 90 + 2n – for systolic pressure, where n is the number of years;
• 60 + n – for diastolic pressure.

For a child aged 11 years, the pressure calculation is as follows:

• SBP = 90 + 2x11 = 112 mmHg;
• DBP = 60 + 11 = 71 mm Hg.

The formulas provide only approximate data on pressure values, without taking into account the individual characteristics or genetic predisposition of the child.

Changes in blood pressure in a child

Table of norms for heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure in children

In addition to blood pressure, an important biological marker of a person is the respiratory rate, calculated within 1 minute, and abbreviated as respiratory rate.

Respiration rate (inhalations and exhalations) is measured when assessing the physical condition of a patient with diseases of the respiratory system and others. In this case, the type of breathing is usually established:

• breast (female);
• abdominal (male);
• mixed (children).

The type of breathing is determined by the number of breaths counted per minute:

• slow – bradypnea;
• accelerated – tachypnea;
• absence (delay) – apnea.

For human respiratory movements, age standards are also provided:

• in an adult 16-20 per minute. at rest;
• 12-16 per minute - during sleep;
• in newborns - 30-60 per minute.

The following table provides more detailed data on the most important parameters of the body of adults and children.

Table of blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate in children and adults

Age	Pressure range (SBP)	Heart rate range (min-max)	NPV range (min-max)
1-12 months	90-112	90-130	30-40
1-3 years	90-115	80-130	20-35
3-5 years	100-115	70-130	20-30
5-7	100-120	70-120	20-25
7-10	100-125	70-100	20-25
10-12	100-125	60-100	12-20
12-15	110-125	60-100	12-20
adults	100-130	60-90	12-20

As you can see from the table, in children, blood pressure increases with age, and heart rate and respiratory rate decrease.

Optimal blood pressure in pregnant women by trimester

In women carrying a child, pressure fluctuations are inevitable due to hormonal changes and the body’s need to “pump” blood for two. What level of blood pressure in pregnant women can be considered normal depends on the woman’s initial blood pressure (before pregnancy).

In the first trimester, most women experience a decrease in indicators caused by hormonal changes.

From the 2nd trimester until childbirth, some pregnant women develop gestosis - high blood pressure, which threatens the normal intrauterine development of the baby. Fortunately, such situations are mostly exceptional.

It makes no sense to compile a table of blood pressure norms, since the ideal indicator for pregnant women is considered to be the same pressure that serves as a guideline for adults - 120/80 mm Hg.

Deviations from the norm in the upward direction in most pregnant women are noted by no more than 10-15 mm Hg.

Only a gynecologist monitoring the course of pregnancy can assess the danger of the condition, taking into account the patient’s medical history.

Features of blood pressure in the elderly

The blood vessels of older people (over 65 years of age) undergo changes leading to a physiological loss of their elasticity.

1. The endothelium lining the inner surface of the vessels undergoes sclerotization.
2. Smooth muscle cells become exposed and atrophy over time.
3. The outer lining of the arteries thickens, becoming coarser due to the thickening of elastic and collagen fibers, followed by fibrosis.

All this leads to an increase in the rigidity of the arterial walls and their inability to dilate (expand), which is why the blood pressure in the vessels of elderly people exceeds the norms of adults. A common phenomenon for this age is “jumps” in pressure up and down, as well as an isolated increase in systolic index (ISAG).

The normal blood pressure for older people is considered to be from 110 to 139 on the upper level and from 70 to 80 mm on the lower level.

Useful video

Look what the doctor says about the norms of a person’s blood pressure by age:

Conclusion

1. The normal blood pressure for an adult is considered to be 110-130/70-80 mmHg. for ages 20-65 years.
2. In some cases, due to heredity or other factors, values ​​of 100/60 mmHg are considered the individual norm.
3. The blood pressure of pregnant women can normally fluctuate by 10-15 mm Hg; more serious deviations from the norm are dangerous for intrauterine development.

Blood pressure is one of the main physiological functions, the normal value of which is very important for a healthy person. A person’s blood pressure, which is normal for age, naturally changes throughout the day and depending on various environmental phenomena.

It is quite normal that the rates rise with age, then at about 60 years old for a man and 70 years old for a woman they decrease slightly again. Regardless, the values ​​should remain within a healthy range at all times. Unfortunately, due to the current way of life, these boundaries are rarely preserved.

Blood pressure in a person is the force with which blood “presses” on the vascular walls where it flows. It is created by the action of the heart as a “blood pump” and is related to the structure and functions of the circulation and varies in different parts of the bloodstream. The term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries. Blood pressure in large vessels tends to vary over time - the highest values ​​are recorded in the ejection phase of cardiac action (systolic), and the lowest in the filling phase of the cardiac ventricles (diastolic).

What blood pressure is considered normal?

There is no exact answer to the question of what pressure is considered normal - healthy levels are individual for each person. Therefore, the average values ​​were calculated:

• numbers 120/80 are evidence that blood pressure is normal;
• low – these are values ​​​​below 100/65;
• high – above 129/90.

Normal blood pressure in adults - table:

Normal blood pressure in children:

• infancy - approximately 80/45;
• older children - approximately 110/70.

In adolescence (up to 18 years), the minimum normal pressure is on average 120/70; in boys, systolic pressure is approximately 10 mmHg. higher than girls. The ideal blood pressure for a teenager is up to 125/70.

Sometimes in adolescents values ​​greater than 140/90 are recorded (with repeated measurements at least twice); These indicators may indicate the presence of hypertension, which should be monitored and, if necessary, treated. In adolescents under 18 years of age, the presence of hypertension increases the risk of heart and vascular diseases (without prevention) until the age of 50 by 3-4 times.

Low blood pressure in the teenage population is indicated by blood pressure values: for girls - less than 100/60, for boys - less than 100/70.

Pressure changes occur throughout the day:

• the lowest readings are usually recorded in the morning, around 3 a.m.;
• the highest values ​​are around 8:00-11:00, then around 16:00-18:00.

Blood pressure can rise or fall as a result of weather, physical exertion, stress, fatigue, temperature (body and environment), sleep quality, drinking habits, and even different body positions. Therefore, in case of orthostatic hypotension, it is necessary to measure values ​​in different positions.

High blood pressure:

• adults 18 years and older - from 140/90 - these indicators are measured several times in a row;
• infants – over 85/50;
• older children – above 120/80;
• diabetic patients – above 130/80;
• people with kidney pathologies – above 120/80.

Low BP:

• adult men – below 100/60;
• adult women – below 100/70.

Blood pressure - normal by age

Blood pressure (normal by age) depends to a certain extent on gender. The top (systolic) and bottom (diastolic) readings below are approximate. Minimum and maximum blood pressure can vary not only at different ages, but also depending on time and what a person does. An important factor is lifestyle; sometimes seemingly high or low indicators may be the norm for a particular person.

Blood pressure table by age for women:

Age	Systolic	Diastolic
15-19 years old	117	77
at 20 years old - 24 years old	120	79
25-29 years old	121	80
30 years – 34 years	122	81
35-39 years old	123	82
40 years – 44 years	125	83
45-49 years old	127	84
50-54 years	129	85
55-59 years old	131	86
60-64 years	134	87

Normal blood pressure by age for men - table

Systolic blood pressure:

Age	Minimum	Norm	Maximum
15-19 years old	105	117	120
20-24 years	108	120	132
25-29 years old	109	121	133
30-34 years	110	122	134
35-39 years old	111	123	135
40-44 years	112	125	137
45-49 years old	115	127	139
50-54 years	116	129	142
55-59 years old	118	131	144
60-64 years	121	134	147

Diastolic blood pressure:

Age	Minimum	Norm	Maximum
15-19 years old	73	77	81
20-24 years	75	79	83
25-29 years old	76	80	84
30-34 years	77	81	85
35-39 years old	78	82	86
40-44 years	79	83	87
45-49 years old	80	84	88
50-54 years	81	85	89
55-59 years old	82	86	90
60-64 years	83	87	91

What should normal blood pressure be in pregnant women? Pressure norm– 135/85, ideally about 120/80. Mild hypertension is indicated by readings of 140/90, with the lower (diastolic) value being more important than the upper (systolic) value. Severe hypertension at this time - pressure 160/110. But why do some pregnant women have increased blood pressure if they have never encountered a similar problem before? Experts believe that the placenta is to blame. It releases a substance into the blood that can cause constriction of blood vessels. Narrow blood vessels can not only retain water in the body, but, above all, increase blood pressure. However, it is often difficult to determine what a pregnant woman's normal blood pressure is due to fluctuations in readings. Standard values ​​are taken as a basis along with factors influencing them (body weight, lifestyle...).

How to measure blood pressure correctly

BP is written as 2 numbers separated by a slash. 1st value – systolic, 2nd – diastolic. In order to determine deviations or normal blood pressure readings, it is important to measure it correctly.

1. 1. Use only an accurate and reliable blood pressure monitor

Without the right device, you will not get reliable results. Therefore, a good blood pressure monitor is the basis.

1. 1. Always measure at the same time

Sit down and stop thinking about worries, you should be completely at peace. From the measurement process, make a small ritual that you perform in the morning and evening - always at the same time of day.

1. 1. Put on the blood pressure cuff

Place the cuff directly on the skin, always choose its width according to the circumference of your arm - a narrow or too wide cuff will greatly affect the measurement results. Measure your arm circumference 3 cm above the elbow.

1. 1. Relax your arm and check your sleeves

Keep the arm you are wearing the cuff free and do not move it. At the same time, make sure that the sleeve does not constrict your arm. Don't forget to breathe. Holding your breath distorts the results obtained.

— For a regular tonometer, place your hand on the table.

— With an automatic blood pressure monitor (on the wrist), the wrist should be at the level of the heart.

1. 1. Wait 3 minutes and repeat the measurement

Leave the cuff on and wait about 3 minutes. Then take the measurements again.

1. Record the average of the two measurements

Record the values ​​shown scale: systole (upper) and diastole (lower) from each measurement. Their average will be the result.

Blood pressure can be measured using invasive methods. These methods provide the most accurate results, but the patient is more burdened by the need to place the sensor directly into the bloodstream. This method is used, in particular, to determine the pressure in the lungs or, if necessary, repeat measurements. In such cases, it is impossible to use non-invasive methods due to the deformation of arterial memory and the associated change in pressure in the arteries.

Deviation from the norm probable causes

Fluctuations in blood pressure are just as dangerous as high blood pressure, and some experts consider unstable deviations from the norm to be even worse. Vessels undergo strong changes and impacts, so blood clots are more easily rejected from the vascular walls and cause thrombosis, embolism or increased cardiac pressure, therefore increasing the risk of heart and vascular diseases. A person suffering from fluctuations in blood pressure should regularly visit a doctor and follow all his advice, take medications and adhere to a healthy lifestyle.

The most common causes of upward and downward fluctuations in upper and lower pressure include:

• age (depending on age, normal indicators also increase);
• obesity;
• smoking;
• diabetes;
• hyperlipidemia (usually due to poor lifestyle).

The mechanism for the development of fluctuations in the higher direction:

• increase in stroke volume;
• increased peripheral resistance;
• a combination of both factors.

Reasons for increasing stroke volume:

• increased heart rate (sympathetic activity, response to catecholamine effects - for example, hyperthyroidism);
• increased amount of extracellular fluid (excessive fluid intake, kidney disease).

Reasons for increased peripheral resistance:

• increased sympathetic activity and vascular reactivity;
• increased blood viscosity;
• high impulse volume;
• some autoregulatory mechanisms.

Reasons for downward fluctuations, which also apply to the development of hypotension:

• dehydration, blood loss, diarrhea, burns, adrenal insufficiency are factors that reduce blood volume in the vascular system;
• pathological changes and heart disease - myocardial infarction and inflammatory processes;
• neurological disorders - Parkinson's disease, inflammation of the nerves;
• fluctuations can occur with increased physical and psychological stress, stress;
• sudden change in body position from lying to standing;
• a low value can be caused by taking certain medications - diuretics, sedatives, antihypertensive drugs.

Symptoms of high blood pressure

Initially, high blood pressure may remain asymptomatic. When the usual (normal) value increases more than 140/90, the most common symptoms are the following:

• headache - especially in the forehead and back of the head;
• increased heart rate;
• increased heart rate;
• excessive sweating;
• ophthalmological disorders (vision disorders);
• noise in ears;
• fatigue;
• insomnia;
• nasal hemorrhage;
• dizziness;
• disturbances of consciousness;
• ankles;
• worsening breathing.

Some of these symptoms are not suspicious for a person, because... often signify age-related disorders. Therefore, hypertension is often diagnosed accidentally.

Malignant hypertension is a condition in which the lower and upper limits are significantly elevated - even to 250/130 or more. Dangerous values ​​can persist for several days, hours, or only a few minutes; pressure with such indicators increases the risk of damage to blood vessels in the kidneys, retina or brain. Without treatment it can lead to death. In such cases, along with standard studies (ultrasound, blood pressure measurements), an MRI should be done - this study will help determine the choice of the appropriate treatment method.

Pulse pressure

Pulse pressure (PP) is the difference between upper and lower blood pressure. What is its normal value? A healthy indicator is about 50. From the measured values, the pulse can be calculated (table of pressure values ​​by age - see above). High PP means greater risk for the patient.

A condition in which the pulse rate (PP) is elevated is considered a predictor of vascular, cardiac and mortality morbidity. Parameters established by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, compared with random parameters, correlate more closely with target organs.

Pulse pressure in men is higher than the same pressure in women (53.4 ± 6.2 versus 45.5 ± 4.5, P< 0,01). В течение дня значение ПД показывает минимальную изменчивость. Значение пульса у молодых мужчин и женщин зависит от систолического, а не от диастолического АД (коэффициент корреляции импульсного и систолического давления: r = 0,62 для мужчин, r = 0,59 для женщин).

PP is above 50 mmHg. – increased. The most common reasons for the increase are the following:

• heart diseases;
• heart failure;
• atherosclerosis.

An increase in values ​​is a common occurrence during pregnancy. This is due to a “restructuring” of organ function and a lack of iron in the body. A common factor is thyroid dysfunction.

PP is below 30 mmHg. – low (critical value – below 20). Common causes of the condition:

• anemia;
• heart valve stenosis.

Any deviation from the normal indicator is unfavorable for health. Pulse (beats per minute) and blood pressure should be constantly monitored if instability is suspected. If left untreated, various complications may develop. Although this is a lengthy process, the negative consequences can be very serious and even life-threatening! Therefore, timely diagnosis of the problem and introduction of appropriate treatment is important.

Normal human arterial blood pressure and pulse. The value of normal blood pressure and pulse depends on a person’s age, his individual characteristics, lifestyle, and occupation. Blood pressure and pulse are the first signals about a person’s health status. All people have different normal blood pressure and pulse.

Arterial pressure- this is the blood pressure in the large arteries of a person. There are two indicators of blood pressure:

• Systolic (upper) blood pressure is the level of blood pressure at the moment of maximum contraction of the heart.
• Diastolic (lower) blood pressure is the level of blood pressure at the moment of maximum relaxation of the heart.

Arterial pressure measured in millimeters of mercury, abbreviated mmHg. Art. A blood pressure value of 120/80 means that the systolic (upper) pressure is 120 mmHg. Art., and the value of diastolic (lower) blood pressure is 80 mm Hg. Art.

Elevated numbers on the tonometer are associated with serious diseases, for example, the risk of cerebrovascular accident or heart attack. In case of chronic high blood pressure, the risk of stroke increases by 7 times, chronic heart failure by 6 times, heart attack by 4 times and peripheral vascular disease by 3 times.

What's happened normal pressure? What are its indicators at rest and during physical activity?

Arterial pressure divided into: optimal - 120 to 80 mmHg. Art., normal - 130 to 85 mm Hg. Art., high, but still normal - from 135-139 mm Hg. Art., at 85-89 mm Hg. Art. High blood pressure is considered to be 140 to 90 mm Hg. Art. and more. With physical activity, blood pressure increases in accordance with the needs of the body, an increase of 20 mm Hg. Art. indicates an adequate response of the cardiovascular system. If there are changes in the body or risk factors, then blood pressure changes with age: diastolic pressure increases until age 60, and systolic pressure increases throughout life.

For accurate results, blood pressure should be measured after 5-10 minutes of rest, and one hour before the examination you should not smoke or drink coffee. During measurement, your hand should lie comfortably on the table. The cuff is attached to the shoulder so that its lower edge is 2-3 cm above the fold of the elbow. In this case, the center of the cuff should be above the brachial artery. When the doctor finishes pumping air into the cuff, he begins to gradually deflate it, and we hear the first sound - systolic.

To assess blood pressure levels, the World Health Organization classification adopted in 1999 is used.

* If systolic and diastolic blood pressure are found in different categories, the highest category is selected.

** Optimal in relation to the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and mortality

The terms “mild”, “borderline”, “severe”, “moderate” given in the classification characterize only the level of blood pressure, and not the severity of the patient’s disease.

In everyday clinical practice, the World Health Organization classification of arterial hypertension is adopted, based on damage to the so-called target organs. These are the most common complications occurring in the brain, eyes, heart, kidneys and blood vessels.

What should a person's normal blood pressure be?What is a person's blood pressure that can be considered normal? The correct answer is: each person has their own norm. Indeed, the value of normal blood pressure depends on a person’s age, his individual characteristics, lifestyle, and occupation.

Normal blood pressure in newborns is 70 mm Hg.

Normal blood pressure in a child who is one year old: for boys - 96/66 (upper/lower), for girls - 95/65.

Normal blood pressure in a 10-year-old child: 103/69 in boys and 103/70 in girls.

What is the normal blood pressure for an adult?

Normal blood pressure in young people 20 years old: for boys - 123/76, for girls - 116/72.

Normal blood pressure in young people who are about 30 years old: in young men - 126/79, in young women - 120/75.

What is normal blood pressure for a middle-aged person? In 40-year-old men it is 129/81, in 40-year-old women it is 127/80.

For fifty-year-old men and women, blood pressure is considered normal: 135/83 and 137/84, respectively.

For older people, the following pressure is considered normal: for 60-year-old men 142/85, for women of the same age 144/85.

For older people over 70 years old, normal blood pressure is 145/82 for men and 159/85 for women.

What is the normal blood pressure for an old or elderly person? For 80-year-old people, blood pressure of 147/82 and 157/83 for men and women, respectively, is considered normal.

For elderly ninety-year-old grandfathers, normal blood pressure is considered to be 145/78, and for grandmothers of the same age - 150/79 mmHg.

With unusual physical activity or emotional stress, blood pressure increases. Sometimes this interferes with doctors when examining cardiac patients, who for the most part are impressionable people. American scientists even talk about the existence of the so-called “white coat effect”: when the results of measuring blood pressure in a doctor’s office are 30-40 mm Hg. Art. higher than when measuring his home independently. And this is due to the stress that the environment of the medical institution causes in the patient.

On the other hand, in people who are constantly exposed to heavy loads, such as athletes, a pressure of 100/60 or even 90/50 mm Hg becomes normal. Art. But with all the variety of “normal” blood pressure indicators, each person usually knows the norm of his blood pressure, in any case, he clearly perceives any deviations from it in one direction or another.

There are also certain blood pressure guidelines that change with age (norms for 1981):

However, modern ideas about normal blood pressure are somewhat different. It is now believed that even a slight increase in blood pressure over time can increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease, stroke and other diseases of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, normal blood pressure levels in adults are currently considered to be up to 130-139/85-89 mmHg. Art. The norm for patients with diabetes is considered to be a blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg. Art. Blood pressure of 140/90 is considered high. Blood pressure over 140/90 mm Hg. Art. is already a sign of arterial hypertension.

Normal pulse person

Pulse (lat. pulsus blow, push) - periodic fluctuations in the volume of blood vessels associated with contractions of the heart, caused by the dynamics of their blood filling and pressure in them during one cardiac cycle. The average healthy person has normal resting heart rate is 60-80 beats per minute. So, the more economical metabolic processes are, the fewer number of beats a person’s heart makes per unit of time, the longer life expectancy. If your goal is to prolong life, then you need to monitor the effectiveness of the process, namely your heart rate.

Normal heart rate for different age categories:

• child after birth 140 beats/min
• from birth to 1 year 130 beats/min
• from 1 year to 2 years 100 beats/min
• from 3 to 7 years 95 beats/min
• from 8 to 14 years 80 beats/min
• average age 72 beats/min
• advanced age 65 beats/min
• for illness 120 beats/min
• shortly before death 160 beats/min

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14.04.2018

An important indicator of heart and vascular health is blood pressure. The age norm for women is the same for everyone, only small deviations are allowed. A strong increase or decrease in indicators indicates serious pathologies. Changes in blood pressure do not go unnoticed by the patient, as they cause a deterioration in health.

What is blood pressure?

Arterial pressure- This is an indicator of heart function. In other words, this is the force of blood pressure on the vascular walls. To assess the functionality of the heart muscle, 2 indicators are always taken into account:

1. Systolic pressure (upper).
2. Diastolic (lower).

Upper blood pressure reflects the moment of systole (contraction of the heart muscle). It indicates the minimum resistance of peripheral vessels during contraction of the heart muscle. Lower blood pressure shows how strongly the vessels resist the push of blood during diastole (when the myocardium relaxes).

If you subtract the lower pressure from the upper pressure, you get pulse pressure. Its average rate ranges from 35 to 50 mmHg, the indicators vary depending on age. Heart rate (pulse) and blood pressure levels are inextricably linked; they are the main indicators of the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. However, when the pulse decreases or increases, there is not necessarily a change in pressure.

Blood pressure norms by age (table)

Doctors consider normal blood pressure in an adult to be in the range from 115/75 to 120/80. A normal heart rate ranges from 60 to 90 beats per minute. At different ages, the normal indicators are different. So in children under one year old, the pressure is low, this is due to the fact that the child’s blood vessels have not yet become stronger. At the same time, the heart rate in infants is significantly higher than in adults. As a child grows up, his blood vessels become stronger, their resistance increases, so blood pressure also increases.

What is normal blood pressure for a person? The figures by age are given in the table:

blood pressure by age table

Minor deviations are in no way related to diseases. If at 30 years old a person’s blood pressure is 126 over 86, 113 over 80 or 115 over 85, this is normal.

Blood pressure indicators for a child:

• Up to 12 months - 70 40.
• From 1 year to 5 - 99 59.
• From 5 to 9 years - 105 65.
• From 9 to 15 years - 119 69.

If a child’s indicators are below the norm for age, this indicates that his cardiovascular system is developing more slowly. If there are no other pathologies, then no treatment is required. As the baby grows, the blood vessels will become stronger and the indicators will return to normal.

In adult men and women, a slight deviation from the norm is not a pathology. An adult man's blood pressure is always higher than a woman's, since his height and muscle mass are much higher than women's, so the heart pumps more blood, and vascular resistance increases accordingly.

Contrary to popular belief, headaches do not always indicate increased blood pressure. It can be associated with spasms of the head muscles or other factors. With VSD, surges in blood pressure are caused by dysregulation of vascular tone. This is due to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. The patient also experiences:

• tachycardia;
• breathing problems;
• panic attacks;
• increased sweating;
• indigestion;
• fainting.

Update: October 2018

As long as this parameter is within the normal range, you don’t think about it. Interest in this parameter appears from the moment when its failures become a tangible health problem. At the same time, there is a popular and scientific approach to assessing this indicator - blood pressure, for brevity called the abbreviation blood pressure.

What is blood pressure

Even the immortal hero of Petrov and Ilf Ostap Suleiman Bertha Maria Bender-Zadunaisky subtly noted that “every citizen is pressed by a column of air with a force of 214 kilos.” To prevent this scientific and medical fact from crushing a person, atmospheric pressure is balanced by blood pressure. It is most significant in large arteries, where it is called arterial. The blood pressure level determines the volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute and the width of the vascular lumen, that is, resistance to blood flow.

• When the heart contracts (systole), blood is pushed into the large arteries under pressure called systolic. Popularly it is called the upper one. This value is determined by the strength and frequency of heart contractions and vascular resistance.
• The pressure in the arteries at the moment of cardiac relaxation (diastole) gives an indicator of the lower (diastolic) pressure. This is the minimum pressure, completely dependent on vascular resistance.
• If you subtract diastolic blood pressure from systolic blood pressure, you get pulse pressure.

Blood pressure (pulse, upper and lower) is measured in millimeters of mercury.

Measuring instruments

The very first devices for measuring pressure were the “bloody” devices of Stephen Gales, in which a needle attached to a tube with a scale was inserted into the vessel. The Italian Riva-Rocci put an end to the bloodshed by proposing to attach a mercury monometer to a cuff placed on the shoulder.

Nikolai Sergeevich Korotkov in 1905 proposed attaching a mercury monometer to a cuff placed on the shoulder and listening to the pressure with the ear. Air was pumped out of the cuff with a bulb, the vessels were compressed. Then the air slowly returned to the cuff, and the pressure on the vessels weakened. Using a stethoscope, pulse tones were heard on the vessels of the elbow. The first beats indicated the level of systolic blood pressure, the last – diastolic.

Modern monometers are electronic devices that allow you to do without a stethoscope and record blood pressure and pulse rate.

How to measure blood pressure correctly

Normal blood pressure is a parameter that changes depending on a person’s activity. For example, with physical activity or emotional stress, blood pressure increases, but with sudden standing up it can fall. Therefore, to obtain reliable blood pressure parameters, it must be measured in the morning, without getting out of bed. In this case, the tonometer should be located at the level of the patient’s heart. The arm with the cuff should lie horizontally at the same level.

There is such a known phenomenon as “white coat hypertension”, when a patient, despite treatment, persistently shows an increase in blood pressure in the presence of a doctor. Also, blood pressure can be raised slightly by running up the stairs or straining the muscles of the legs and thighs during measurement. To have a more detailed understanding of a given person’s blood pressure level, the doctor may recommend keeping a diary where the pressure is recorded at different times of the day. They also use the 24-hour monitoring method, when using a device attached to the patient, pressure is recorded for a day or more.

Blood pressure in adults

Since different people have their own physiological characteristics, fluctuations in blood pressure levels may differ from person to person.

There is no concept of age-related blood pressure norms in adults. In healthy people at any age, pressure should not exceed the threshold of 140 to 90 mmHg. Normal blood pressure readings are 130 to 80 mmHg. The optimal numbers “like an astronaut” are 120 to 70.

Upper pressure limits

Today, the upper limit of pressure, after which a diagnosis of arterial hypertension is made, is 140 to 90 mmHg. Higher numbers are subject to identification of their causes and treatment.

• First, a lifestyle change, smoking cessation, and feasible physical activity are practiced.
• When the pressure rises to 160 to 90, drug correction begins.
• If there are complications of arterial hypertension or concomitant pathologies (coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus), drug treatment begins at lower levels.

During the treatment of arterial hypertension, the normal blood pressure that they are trying to achieve is 140-135 at 65-90 mmHg. In people with severe atherosclerosis, the pressure is reduced more smoothly and gradually, fearing a sharp decrease in blood pressure due to the threat of a stroke or heart attack. For kidney pathologies, diabetes and those under 60, the target numbers are 120-130 per 85.

Lower pressure limits

The lower limits of blood pressure in healthy people are 110 per 65 mmHg. At lower numbers, the blood supply to organs and tissues (primarily the brain, which is sensitive to oxygen starvation) deteriorates.

But some people live their whole lives with a blood pressure of 90 over 60 and feel great. Former athletes with hypertrophied heart muscle are prone to low blood pressure. For older people, it is undesirable to have too low blood pressure due to the risks of brain accidents. Diastolic pressure for those over 50 should be kept between 85-89 mmHg.

Pressure on both arms

The pressure on both hands should be the same or the difference should not exceed 5 mm. Due to the asymmetrical development of muscles on the right hand, the pressure is usually higher. A difference of 10 mm indicates probable atherosclerosis, and 15-20 mm indicates stenosis of large vessels or anomalies of their development.

Pulse pressure

Black rectangles are pulse pressure in different parts of the heart and large vessels.

Normal pulse pressure is 35+-10 mmHg. (up to 35 years 25-40 mmHg, at older ages up to 50 mmHg). A decrease in it can be caused by a decrease in the contractility of the heart (infarction, tamponade, paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation) or a sharp jump in vascular resistance (for example, during shock).

High (more than 60) pulse pressure reflects atherosclerotic changes in the arteries and heart failure. It can occur with endocarditis, in pregnant women, against the background of anemia, intracardiac blockade.

Experts do not use simple subtraction of diastolic pressure from systolic pressure; the variability of a person’s pulse pressure has a greater diagnostic value and should be within 10 percent.

Table of blood pressure norms

Blood pressure, the norm of which varies slightly by age, is reflected in the table above. Blood pressure is slightly lower in young women due to lower muscle mass. With age (after 60), the risks of vascular accidents are compared in men and women, so blood pressure levels are equalized in both sexes.

Blood pressure in pregnant women

In healthy pregnant women, blood pressure does not change until the sixth month of pregnancy. Blood pressure is normal in non-pregnant women.

Further, under the influence of hormones, some increases may be observed, not exceeding 10 mm from the norm. In a pathological pregnancy, gestosis may occur with surges in blood pressure, damage to the kidneys and brain (preeclampsia), or even the development of seizures (eclampsia). Pregnancy against the background of arterial hypertension can worsen the course of the disease and provoke hypertensive crises or a persistent increase in blood pressure. In this case, correction of drug therapy, observation by a therapist or treatment in a hospital is indicated.

Normal blood pressure in children

For a child, the higher his or her age, the higher the blood pressure. The level of blood pressure in children depends on the tone of blood vessels, the working conditions of the heart, the presence or absence of developmental defects, and the state of the nervous system. For a newborn, normal blood pressure is considered to be 80 to 50 millimeters of mercury.

What normal blood pressure corresponds to a particular childhood age can be seen from the table.

Normal blood pressure in teenagers

Adolescence begins at the age of 11 and is characterized not only by rapid growth of all organs and systems, a gain of muscle mass, but also by hormonal changes that affect the cardiovascular system. At 11-12 years old, adolescents’ blood pressure ranges from 110-126 to 70-82. From 13-15 years old it approaches, and then becomes equal to adult standards, amounting to 110-136 to 70-86.

Causes of high blood pressure

• Essential arterial hypertension (hypertension, see) gives persistent increases in pressure and.
• Symptomatic hypertension (adrenal tumors, renal vascular diseases) gives a clinical picture similar to hypertension.
• characterized by episodes of blood pressure surges not exceeding 140 to 90, which are accompanied by vegetative symptoms.
• An isolated increase in lower pressure is inherent in renal pathologies (developmental anomalies, glomerulonephritis, atherosclerosis of the renal vessels or their stenosis). If diastolic pressure exceeds 105 mmHg. for more than two years, the risk of brain accidents increases by 10 times, and a heart attack by five times.
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• diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.

With slight hypotension, people live quite fully. When the upper blood pressure drops significantly, such as during shock, the lower blood pressure is also very low. This leads to centralization of blood circulation, multiple organ failure and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Thus, for a long and fulfilling life, a person should monitor his blood pressure and keep it within the physiological norm.