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Modern Russian psychologists famous list. Lovetorun - running trips

Psychology as an independent science was known back in ancient antiquity. It was there that it arose and was born. Over the years, this science has repeatedly changed, developed and been supplemented or refuted by many psychologists around the world. But, nevertheless, psychology is relevant and is developing as a science to this day. Throughout the centuries, psychology has included a huge number of scientific works, treatises, articles, books, and the most famous scientists, who, as a result, have been mentioned more than once as the most famous psychologists in the world. All these psychologists made a huge contribution to the development of psychology in general, and at each of its individual stages. They were able to discover the newest trends in this industry, and they were able to tell the world about something of their own, new, never known before. Today, in this article, we tried to bring them all together and introduce you to the most famous representatives of this science.

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Photo gallery: The most famous psychologists in the world

So, we present to your attention a list of the most famous psychologists in the world who were able to revolutionize the entire understanding of psychology. After all, these famous psychologists have repeatedly proven that this science is part of their lives.

Let's fix it according to Freud.

Sigmund Freud, aka Sigismund Shlomo Freud, is the first psychologist we decided to tell you about. Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in the city of Freiberg, Austria-Hungary, now Příbor, Czech Republic. He is known throughout the world as the famous Austrian neurologist who became the founder of the so-called psychoanalytic school with a therapeutic inclination. Zigmud is the “father” of the theory that all human nervous disorders occur due to a number of unconscious and conscious processes that interact very closely with each other.

Vladimir Lvovich Levi, psychologist-poet.

Doctor of Medical Sciences and Psychologist Vladimir Lvovich Levi born on November 18, 1938 in Moscow, where he still lives. After graduating from medical school, he worked for a long time as an ambulance doctor. Then he moved to the position of psychotherapist and became an honorary employee of the Institute of Psychiatry. Vladimir Levi became the first founder of such a new direction in the science of psychology as suicidology. This direction included a complete and detailed study of suicide and the psychological state of people who are suicidal. During his entire work in psychiatry, Levy published 60 scientific papers.

In addition to psychology, Vladimir is interested in poetry. Therefore, it was not in vain that in 1974 he became an honorary member of the Writers' Union. Levi's most popular books are “The Art of Being Yourself”, “Conversation in Letters”, and the three-volume book “Confession of a Hypnotist”. And in 2000, his personal collection of poems entitled “Strike Out Profile” saw the light of day.

Abraham Harold Maslow and his name in psychology

Abraham Harold Maslow is an American psychologist who became the honorary founder of humanistic psychology. His famous scientific works include such a concept as “Maslow’s Pyramid”. This pyramid includes special diagrams that represent the most common human needs. It is this theory that has found its direct application in economics.

Viktor Emil Frankl: Australian psychologists in science

Famous Austrian psychiatrist and psychologist Victor Emil Frankl born March 26, 1905 in Vienna. In the world, his name is associated not only with psychology, but also with philosophy, as well as the creation of the Third Vienna School of Psychotherapy. Frankl's most popular scientific works include a work entitled Man's Search for Meaning. This work became the basis for the development of a new method of psychotherapy called logotherapy. This method includes a person’s desire to realize his meaning in life in the existing external world. Logotherapy can make human existence more meaningful.

Boris Ananyev - the pride of Soviet psychology

Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev born in 1907 in Vladikavkaz. Ananyev was included in the list of “famous psychologists of the world” for a reason. He became the first and honorary founder of the scientific school of psychologists in St. Petersburg. Such famous psychologists as A. Kovalev, B. Lomov and many others became students of this school and, accordingly, of Ananyev himself.

It was in St. Petersburg, on the house where Boris Ananyev lived, that a memorial plaque was installed in his honor.

Ernst Heinrich Weber - famous psychologist of all eras

Brother of the famous physicist Wilhelm Weber, German psychophysiologist and part-time anatomist Ernst Heinrich Weber was born on June 24, 1795 in Leipzig, Germany. This psychologist is responsible for much advanced scientific work on anatomy, sensitivity and physiology. The most popular of them are works that involve the study of the senses. All of Weber's works formed the basis for the development of psychophysics and experimental psychology.

Hakob Pogosovich Nazaretyan and mass psychology

Famous Russian specialist in cultural anthropology and psychology of mass behavior Hakob Pogosovich Nazaretyan born on May 5, 1948 in Baku. Nazaretyan is the author of a huge number of publications that talk about the theory of social development. In addition, the psychologist became the founder of hypotheses about the techno-humanitarian balance, which is compared with the development of culture and technical progress.

Victor Ovcharenko, the pride of Russian psychology

Victor Ivanovich Ovcharenko born on February 5, 1943 in the city of Melekess, Ulyanovsk region. Ovcharenko is a legendary figure in the development of psychology. Ovcharenko has a huge number of scientific titles and significant works that have made a huge contribution to psychology as a science. The main theme of Ovcharenko’s work was the study of sociological psychologism, as well as problems associated with personality and interpersonal relationships in general.

In 1996, the psychologist proposed for the first time from a scientific point of view to revise the periodization of the entire history of Russian psychoanalysis. In addition to all of the above, Ovcharenko has been called the best psychologist more than once, and his famous works have been published more than once in well-known scientific collections far beyond the borders of Russia.

I once wrote about the 100 most outstanding psychologists of the twentieth century. But psychology does not stand still and younger generations of researchers are stepping on the heels of the classics. A group of researchers led by Ed Diener compiled a list of the 200 most prominent psychologists of our time, referring to those whose careers peaked in the period after World War II. Listing article published in new open access journal from APA Archives of Scientific Psychology .

In the first stage, they compiled a list of 348 psychologists who could potentially lay claim to the title of the most outstanding. In compiling this list, the authors used 6 sources: 1) APA Distinguished Contributions Award recipients, 2) APS Award recipients, 3) National Academy of Sciences members, 4) American Academy of Arts and Sciences members, 5) Most Cited Authors articles according to the Institute for Scientific Information, 6) researchers frequently mentioned in 5 introductory psychology textbooks.

Next, these 348 psychologists were ranked according to an integral assessment based on three criteria: 1) the presence of APA and APS awards for contributions to psychology, 2) the number of pages in 5 introductory psychology textbooks dedicated to the researcher or his research (plus the number of lines in articles Wikipedia), 3) citations (the total number of citations, the H-index, the most cited works were combined). The number of citations was determined according to Google Scholar data, so do not be surprised by the huge absolute numbers; it is known that Google Scholar takes into account citations not only from peer-reviewed journals, so it finds much more of them than, for example, Web of Science.

The list of the first 200 most outstanding turned out to be as follows:

The list included researchers representing 16 topic areas in psychology. The three most common are social psychology (16%), biological psychology (11%), and developmental psychology (10%).

It is interesting to look separately at the list of the 50 most cited publications.

Anticipating possible questions and comments, I’ll say it right away. Yes, this list consists only of researchers, there are no practitioners on it. That's how it was intended. The list was built on the basis of specific criteria, and if your favorite psychologist is not on it, it means that according to these criteria he is lower than the others. The list is current at the moment, but it may change over time. New people can get into it, and those already in it can change their place.

And one last thing. If you suddenly want to become an outstanding psychologist, analyzing the list of the most outstanding psychologists can give you some tips that can help you with this. First, you need to graduate from one of the most prestigious universities in the world and receive a PhD degree from one of them. At the same time, it is not so important what exactly you will do within psychology and what you will study, although studying the psychology of sensations and perception or social psychology seems to be more profitable. Secondly, you need to work hard, conduct a lot of research and publish many articles, at least a hundred. Thirdly, you must love to do research and do it all your life, which should be long (you must try to live to at least 80 years). Fourthly, you need to be patient; in psychology, fame comes late.

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Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Park, J. Y. (2014). An Incomplete List of Eminent Psychologists of the Modern Era. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 2(1), 20–32. doi:10.1037/arc0000006

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Ananyev Boris Gerasimovich (1907-1972)

Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev was born on August 1, 1907 in Vladikavkaz. After graduating from high school, he entered the Gorsky Pedagogical Institute. At that time, associate professor of pedology R.I. worked at the institute. Cheranovsky, who in 1925 organized a pedology office. A number of students interested in problems of psychology and pedagogy were allowed to carry out scientific work in this office. Among them was Boris Ananyin, who eventually became R.I.’s assistant. Cheranovsky. In this office, studies were conducted on the mental giftedness of children, their psychological characteristics at different ages. Ananyev's diploma work, carried out under the supervision of Cheranovsky, also addressed similar problems. It was devoted to the study of the evolution of worldview and attitude in adolescence.

In September 1927, Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev was sent for an internship at the Leningrad Brain Institute, and in 1928, after completing his studies in Vladikavkaz, he finally moved to Leningrad. The main problems that occupied him at that time were problems of classification of sciences and methods of psychology, issues of the formation of the psyche. At the same time, the young scientist advocated the acceptance and use of the theoretical conclusions of all scientific schools, and advocated for the establishment of a principled and friendly atmosphere in science. Trying to enroll in graduate school at the Brain Institute, Ananyev read at one of the conferences his report on the social usefulness of a musician (from a psychophysical point of view). The report was dedicated to music, its power over listeners and the performer's responsibility to them. Ananyev also cited a large amount of experimental data confirming the theory and compared the effects of music with hypnosis. In March 1929, he was accepted into graduate school at the Brain Institute. In the early 30s. XX century he became the head of the laboratory of educational psychology, and at the same time organized a psychological service in one of the schools in Leningrad. His laboratory conducted character studies of schoolchildren, in which many Leningrad teachers were involved. Based on these studies and the obtained empirical data, Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev wrote his first monograph - the psychology of pedagogical assessment, which was published in 1935.

In 1936, research in the field of pedology was prohibited, A.A. Talankin, head of the psychology sector at the Brain Institute, was arrested and convicted, and a year later Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev was elected to his post. In the same 1937, he became a candidate of pedagogical sciences.

Due to the ban on pedology, he had to look for a new field of activity. One of the areas of his research was the psychology of sensory reflection. He wrote several articles in this vein, the main idea of which was the hypothesis about the genesis of sensitivity. In his opinion, from the very beginning of a person’s individual development, sensitivity acts as a function of the entire organism, and sensory processes play a significant role in this development. In addition, he turned to the history of Russian psychology, trying to express his own attitude to this subject. According to the scientist, it is necessary to rely on the history of science in order to move forward. He considered the experience of his predecessors necessary for the further development of his own views.

In 1939 B.G. Ananiev defended his doctoral dissertation on the history of psychology. When Leningrad found itself surrounded by siege during the war, the entire Brain Institute was evacuated. Ananiev ended up in Kazan, and then in Tbilisi, where he worked, like many psychologists of that time, in the psychopathological office of the hospital. He observed patients who had suffered severe shock and worked to restore their speech function, lost as a result of a combat wound. In 1943, Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev returned to Leningrad, where he headed the department of psychology formed at Leningrad State University. He himself selected most of the teaching staff of the department and organized the work of the psychological department of the Faculty of Philosophy. At this time, he published a large number of works that related to the study of touch and other types of sensitivity, the psychology of speech, and some problems of child psychology. Ananyev also continued to study the history of psychology and personality psychology. And in 1947 he published the monograph “Essays on the history of Russian psychology in the 18th-19th centuries.” In some articles, his idea about the connection between the formation of character and the knowledge of man by man, and about some patterns of the formation of human self-awareness was clearly visible.

At the turn of the 1940-1950s. Ananyev turns to the study of a new direction, the empirical foundations of which were laid in his work at the Brain Institute. The scientist began researching the bilaterality of the brain and its functions.

In 1957, at a ceremonial meeting dedicated to the anniversary of Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev, the scientist gave a speech in which he substantiated the need for comprehensive human research, synthesizing all existing anthropological knowledge. He expressed the same idea in the articles “Man as a General Problem of Modern Science” and “On the System of Developmental Psychology,” published in the same year. However, this idea was not accepted by psychologists at that time.

The scientist’s active work was suspended by illness: in November 1959, Ananyev suffered a heart attack. In the next decade of his life, Boris Gerasimovich was engaged exclusively in scientific and journalistic activities, in 1962-1966. he wrote a series of articles. In them, he tried to realize the idea that he had earlier, summarized all the research of his predecessors, as well as his own, justifying an integrated approach to human research. He was greatly influenced by the experience of his predecessors, primarily V.M. Bekhterev.

At the same time, Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev began work on the book “Man as an Object of Knowledge.” To this end, various studies began to be carried out in his laboratory.

In 1966, the Faculty of Psychology was founded at Leningrad University, which included the departments of general psychology, pedagogy and educational psychology, ergonomics and engineering psychology. A year later, Boris Gerasimovich became the dean of this faculty.

In the early 1970s. Ananiev conceived the collective book “Man as a Subject of Education,” but he failed to fulfill his plans. He died of a heart attack on May 18, 1972.

In addition, Boris Gerasimovich did a lot for the further development of psychological science in the country and the education of psychologists. Like other great scientists, he was not fully understood by his contemporaries, but later his scientific legacy was appreciated.

Bekhterev Vladimir Mikhailovich (1857-1927)

Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev, a famous Russian neurologist, neuropathologist, psychologist, psychiatrist, morphologist and physiologist of the nervous system, was born on January 20, 1857 in the village of Sorali, Elabuga district, Vyatka province, in the family of a minor civil servant.

In August 1867, he began classes at the Vyatka gymnasium, and since Bekhterev decided to devote his life to neuropathology and psychiatry in his youth, after graduating from seven classes of the gymnasium in 1873, he entered the Medical-Surgical Academy.

In 1878 he graduated from the Medical-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg and was retained for further studies at the Department of Psychiatry by I.P. Merezhsky.

In 1879, Bekhterev was accepted as a full member of the St. Petersburg Society of Psychiatrists. On April 4, 1881, Bekhterev successfully defended his doctoral dissertation in medicine on the topic “Experience in clinical research of body temperature in some forms of mental illness” and received the academic title of privat-docent.

In 1884, Bekhterev went on a business trip abroad, where he studied with such famous European psychologists as Dubois-Reymond, Wundt, Fleksig and Charcot. After returning from a business trip, Bekhterev began giving a course of lectures on the diagnosis of nervous diseases to fifth-year students at Kazan University. Having been a professor at the Kazan University in the department of mental illness since 1884, Bekhterev ensured the teaching of this subject by establishing a clinical department in the Kazan district hospital and a psychophysiological laboratory at the university; founded the Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists, founded the journal “Neurological Bulletin” and published a number of his works, as well as the works of his students in various departments of neuropathology and anatomy of the nervous system.

In 1883, Bekhterev was awarded a silver medal from the Society of Russian Doctors for his article “On forced and violent movements during the destruction of certain parts of the central nervous system.” In this article, Bekhterev drew attention to the fact that nervous diseases can often be accompanied by mental disorders, and with mental illness there may also be signs of organic damage to the central nervous system.

In the same year he was elected a member of the Italian Society of Psychiatrists. His most famous article, “Stiffness of the spine with its curvature as a special form of the disease,” was published in the capital’s magazine “Doctor” in 1892.

In 1893, Bekhterev received an invitation from the head of the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy to occupy the department of mental and nervous diseases. Bekhterev arrived in St. Petersburg and began to create the first neurosurgical operating room in Russia. In the laboratories of the clinic, Bekhterev, together with his employees and students, continued numerous studies on the morphology and physiology of the nervous system. This allowed him to replenish materials on neuromorphology and begin work on the fundamental seven-volume work “Fundamentals of the Study of Brain Functions.”

In 1894, Bekhterev was appointed a member of the medical council of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and in 1895 he became a member of the Military Medical Academic Council under the Minister of War and at the same time a member of the board of a nursing home for the mentally ill. In November 1900, the two-volume book “Conducting Pathways of the Spinal Cord and Brain” was nominated by the Russian Academy of Sciences for a prize named after Academician K.M. Bera.

The world knew about psychology, or the science of the soul, back in ancient times. That's when it was born. Over the years, this science has been changed, developed, and supplemented.

They made a huge contribution to this psychologists who explored the inner world of man. They wrote many treatises, articles and books, on the pages of which they told the world something new, something that changed their view of many things.

In this material the site presents to your attention the names the most famous psychologists in the world, quotes from which are often found in books, magazines and newspapers. These are the people who became famous throughout the world for their discoveries and scientific views.

Sigmund Freud - the most famous psychologist in the world, who founded psychoanalysis

Many of you have probably heard about this great Austrian psychologist, psychoanalyst, psychiatrist and neurologist. It was his inquisitiveness in understanding human nature and his insightful mind that prompted him to the following idea: the cause of a nervous disorder lies in a whole complex of conscious and unconscious processes that closely interact with each other.

Therefore, the most influential psychologist in the world created psychoanalysis - a specific method of treatment mental disorders, which brought Freud worldwide recognition.

The essence of Freud's psychoanalysis is as follows: the patient ceases to control his thoughts and says the first thing that comes to his mind through associations, fantasies and dreams.

Based on all this, the analyst makes a conclusion about what unconscious conflicts led to the problem. The specialist then interprets it to the patient to find ways to solve the problem.

This innovative method of treating mental disorders had a huge impact on medicine, psychology, anthropology, sociology, literature, and art of the 20th century.

Despite the fact that it was and is still criticized in scientific circles, it is widely used in our time.

Abraham Harold Maslow - author of the pyramid of human needs

Abraham Harold Maslow is also one of the most influential psychologists in the world. The American psychologist founded humanistic psychology, according to which a person, from birth, strives for self-improvement, creativity and self-sufficiency.

In other words, a person is the creator of his own life, having the freedom to choose and develop a lifestyle, unless physical or social influences interfere.

Among the scientific works of the world famous thinker, “ Maslow's pyramid" It consists of special diagrams reflecting a person’s needs, which the psychologist has distributed in increasing order.

They are presented in the following picture:

The author explains this distribution by the fact that while a person experiences physiological needs, he cannot experience needs that are at the highest level. Maslow's pyramid is widely used in economics today.

Viktor Emil Frankl - founder of logotherapy

It is no coincidence that Viktor Emil Frankl is included in the list of the most famous psychologists in the world. After all, being also a psychiatrist and also a philosopher, he created the Third Vienna School of Psychotherapy.

Among the most popular scientific works of the thinker, the work “Man in Search of Meaning” should be highlighted. It was this monograph that became the impetus for the development of logotherapy - a new method of psychotherapy.

According to it, a person’s desire to find and realize his meaning in life in the world is the primary motivating force.

The main task of logotherapy, which Frankl created, is to help a person make his past, present and future more meaningful, thus saving him from neurosis.

Frankl called the suppression of this need existential frustration. This psychological state often leads to mental and neurotic disorders.

Alois Alzheimer - psychiatrist who studied pathologies of the nervous system

The name of the German psychiatrist and neurologist is probably known to many of you. After all, it names a well-known mental disorder, accompanied by impaired memory, attention, performance and disorientation in space. Namely, Alzheimer's disease.

The neurologist devoted his entire life to the study of various pathologies of the nervous system. In his articles he covered the following topics: like schizophrenia, brain atrophy, alcoholic psychosis, epilepsy and much more.

The works of the German psychiatrist are still widely used throughout the world today. Thus, in order to diagnose Alzheimer's disease, the same diagnostic methods are used that a neurologist used back in 1906.

Dale Carnegie - the most famous psychologist in the world, guru of human relationships

American educational psychologist, Dale Carnegie wanted to become a teacher in order to stand out and achieve recognition, because in his youth he was ashamed of his appearance and poverty.

Therefore, he decided to try his hand at public speaking. Devoting himself entirely to training and practicing his speech, he achieves his goal and begins his activity by teaching performing arts and rhetoric.

He then creates his own Institute of Public Speaking and Human Relations, where he teaches everyone the communication skills that he created himself.

Dale Carnegie was not only a famous teacher, psychologist, motivational speaker and lecturer, but also a writer. His book How to Win Friends and Influence People was published in 1936 and became a worldwide bestseller. In it, the author, in clear language, based on real-life examples, explains to readers what needs to be done to gain respect, recognition and popularity.

Of course, there are many more influential world psychologists. But we did not focus on each of them. But they only singled out those individuals whose names everyone should know.

After all, their works are truly valuable, since they changed the lives of many people. They contain information that every person can use to solve a difficult situation, acquire valuable life skills, improve relationships with others, and also to fill their existence with meaning.

You may be interested in: Memory test.

Even though each of the psychological theorists presented here was likely guided by the ideas of a particular dominant school, they all made individual, invaluable contributions to the development of psychology.
The magazine was published in July 2002 "Review of General Psychology", which presented a ranking of the 99 most influential psychologists. The rankings were based on three main factors: frequency of citations in journals, frequency of citations in textbook introductions, and results from a survey of 1,725 members of the American Psychological Association.

10 Influential Psychological Thinkers

The list below presents 10 psychologists who, according to the survey results, are considered the most influential. These people are the most famous psychological thinkers who played important roles in the history of psychology and through their work expanded the understanding of human behavior. This list is not an attempt to determine who was the most influential or which school of thought was the best. The list provides insight into certain theoretical perspectives that have influenced not only psychology but our culture as a whole.

1. B. F. Skinner

In a 2002 study, B. F. Skinner topped the list of the 99 most prominent psychologists of the 20th century. Skinner's staunch behaviorism made him a dominant figure in psychology, and therapies based on his theories are widely used today, including in fields such as economics.

2.

When people think about psychology, they remember the name Freud. In his work, he maintained the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes. Freud also offered evidence that people's psychology and behavior are influenced by their cultural differences. The work and writings of Sigmund Freud contributed to a deeper understanding of personality, the development of clinical psychology, human potential and pathopsychology.

3. Albert Bandura

Bandura's work represents part of the cognitive revolution in psychology that began in the late 1960s. He emphasized the importance of social theory of learning through observation, imitation and modeling. “Learning would be extremely difficult, if not dangerous, if people relied solely on the results of their own actions.” In his 1977 book Social Learning Theory, the author systematically lays out the educated guess that human behavior is governed by complex interactions of external and internal factors: social processes have at least as much influence on behavior as cognitive ones.

4.

The works of Jean Piaget affect the understanding of children's intellectual development in the field of psychology. Jean Piaget's research helped develop developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, genetic epistemology, and the emergence of educational reforms. Albert Einstein once called Piaget's observations of children's intellectual development and thought processes a discovery "so simple that only a genius could have thought of it."

5. Carl Rogers

Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of human potential in psychology and education. Carl Rogers became one of the most important humanistic thinkers, known for the eponymous direction in therapy, “Rogers Therapy,” which he himself called person-centered psychotherapy. As his daughter Natalie Rogers describes, he was “a model of compassion and democratic ideals in life and in his work as an educator, writer and therapist.”

6. William James

Psychologist and philosopher William James is often called the father of American psychology. His 1,200-page book, Principles of Psychology, has become a classic. His teachings and writings helped the development of psychology as a science. In addition, James contributed to the development of functionalism, pragmatism, and served as an example for many psychology students during his 35-year teaching career.

Erik Erikson's theory of developmental development contributed to the creation of a keen interest in the study of human development. As a follower of ego psychology, Erikson expanded psychoanalytic theory by exploring the development of personality: events in early childhood, adulthood and old age.

8. Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Pavlov is a Russian physiologist, whose studies of conditioned reflexes helped the formation and development of such a direction as behaviorism in psychology. Pavlov's experimental methods helped scientists move away from self-analysis and subjective assessments and move toward objective measurement of behavior in psychology.

Lewin has been called the father of modern social psychology due to his pioneering work in which he used scientific methods and experiments to study social behavior. Lewin was a seminal theorist who, through his lasting impact on psychology, became one of the preeminent psychologists of the 20th century.

10. Readers' Choice

Eugene Garfield (in 1977) and Haggbloom (in 2002), when publishing their rating lists, left the last item on the list empty in order to allow the reader to independently choose the psychologist who, in the reader’s opinion, should be included in this list.