What kind of vaccine is r2 adcm? R2 ads m vaccination Features of immunization with the drug

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The ADSM vaccine is correctly spelled ADS-m, which means: Adsorbed Diphtheria-Tetanus in Small doses. Graft ADSM is a special variant of such a widely known vaccines like DPT. But DPT also contains a component directed against whooping cough, which is not found in DPT. ADSM is currently used for revaccinations, that is, repeated injections of the vaccine to activate previously acquired immunity and extend its validity.

ADSM is used only in children over 4 years of age and adults, since whooping cough is not dangerous for these categories. In children from 4 to 5 years of age, whooping cough is relatively safe, when the likelihood of death is almost zero. But in children under 4 years of age, whooping cough can lead to death, since its course can be acute and even lightning fast. For example, with whooping cough, adults simply cough for 2 to 5 weeks, while children may experience a sudden spasm of the respiratory muscles and a sudden stop in breathing. In this case, children need to undergo resuscitation measures. Unfortunately, almost all cases of whooping cough in unvaccinated children under 1 year of age end in the death of the baby.

The range of application of ADSM vaccination is quite wide. It includes all adults who are subject to revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus every 10 years and children who cannot tolerate DTP and DTaP. The ADSM vaccine contains a half dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, which are sufficient to reactivate previously acquired immunity.

Today, the domestic vaccine ADSM and the imported Imovax D.T.Adult are available in Russia, which less often causes various reactions from the body in response to its administration. In addition to the combined divalent ADSM vaccine, there are two monovalent ones - separately against tetanus(AS) and against diphtheria(HELL).

Advantages of ADSM vaccination over AS and AD

Since the ADSM vaccine contains active components against two infections at once, it is called bivalent. Any vaccine containing only one component (for example, against tetanus) is called monovalent. Many parents and adults believe that monovalent vaccines are better than bivalent or polyvalent ones. However, this is a deep misconception.

In reality, to create a polyvalent vaccine, it is necessary to achieve special purity of the biological components of the drug. This means that all polyvalent vaccines, by definition, are purified better than monovalent ones, and therefore cause much fewer reactions from the body in response to their administration. The second undoubted advantage of polyvalent drugs is the reduction in the number of injections that a child or adult will have to endure. Finally, the third advantage is the preservatives and other ballast substances present in the vaccine preparation. When a polyvalent vaccine is introduced into the body, these preservatives and ballast substances enter only once, and during vaccination with monovalent drugs - several times.

Developed countries have already come to the use of polyvalent vaccines, but they are all recombinant, that is, obtained using genetic engineering technologies. This also means a high degree of purification and low reactogenicity of the vaccines, as well as the ability to vaccinate a person against several infections in one injection. Unfortunately, there are no such production facilities in Russia, and the purchase of drugs is expensive, so monovalent drugs are more often used. In light of all of the above, it is intuitively clear that the ADSM vaccine would be a much better option compared to the introduction of two drugs - AD (against diphtheria) and AS (against tetanus).

ADSM vaccination for adults

Revaccination of children is carried out for the last time at the age of 14–16 years with the ADSM vaccine, and its effectiveness lasts for 10 years. After these 10 years, it is necessary to undergo revaccination again with the ADSM vaccine to maintain immunity against tetanus and diphtheria at a sufficient level. According to the orders and instructions of the Ministry of Health of Russia, subsequent revaccinations after 14 years are carried out for adults at 24 - 26 years old, 34 - 36 years old, 44 - 46 years old, 54 - 56 years old, etc. There is simply no upper limit for the age at which vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is not needed. All age groups are susceptible to these infections - from the youngest children to the elderly.

Adults must be revaccinated with the ADSM vaccine, since both diphtheria and tetanus are very dangerous diseases that can even lead to death. Particularly dangerous in this regard is tetanus, which can be contracted by introducing contaminants into an open wound - while working in the garden, at the dacha, as a result of a trip to nature, etc. Tetanus is practically incurable even with modern and effective drugs. Diphtheria is treatable, but can lead to dangerous complications that will significantly reduce a person’s quality of life in the future.

Vaccination triggers an active immune system response that produces antibodies against infection. In the case of the ADSM vaccine, antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus last for an average of 10 years, gradually deteriorating over these years. If a person does not undergo revaccination after 10 years, the level of antibodies will be low, which will not provide reliable protection against infections. In the case of tetanus or diphtheria, a person who has previously been vaccinated with ADSM and has not undergone revaccination within certain established periods will survive the infectious disease much more easily than someone who has never been vaccinated at all in their entire life.

ADSM vaccination for children

Usually, before reaching the age of 6, children are given the DTP vaccine, which contains three components - against tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough. However, in some cases, the child’s body simply cannot tolerate the DPT vaccine, as a result of which, after its administration, severe side effects, allergic reactions, etc. can be observed. Then, provided that the child develops normally, a vaccine without the pertussis component is used - DPT, which differs from DPT in its high content of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. The replacement of DPT with ADSM is due to the fact that it is the pertussis component that most often causes vaccination reactions. Vaccination of children is done with relatively large doses of toxoids (ADS), since this is necessary for the formation of full immunity. ADSM given to a child under 6 years of age may be ineffective, that is, it will not lead to the formation of immunity and protection from severe infections. This state of affairs is due to the peculiarities of the response of the child’s immune system, as well as the fact that a person “gets acquainted” with the antigens of pathogens of infectious diseases for the first time.

Despite the general picture of the failure of ADSM vaccination in children, there are exceptions to the rules. For example, a child’s immune system reaction is very violent, and even with ADS he develops a high temperature, severe swelling and hardening at the injection site, etc. If such a very strong reaction of the body develops in response to the administration of ADS, data about this is entered into the child’s medical record, and subsequently the baby is vaccinated only with the ADSM vaccine, which contains a smaller dose of antigens of the causative agent of infectious diseases. That is, a smaller dose of biological material in the ADSM vaccine allows even children who do not tolerate the vaccine with the usual dosage of antigens to be vaccinated against severe infections.

To form adequate immunity against tetanus and diphtheria, three vaccinations are required - at 3, 4.5 and 6 months. After them, at 1.5 years, another additional, so-called booster dose of the vaccine is administered, which consolidates the resulting effect of immunological immunity to these infections. All subsequent doses of vaccination are called revaccinations. Since immunity against tetanus and diphtheria has already been formed after the first four vaccinations in infancy, subsequently a smaller dose of the vaccine is sufficient to maintain and activate it, therefore ADSM is used exclusively. The need to use ADSM in children over 6 years of age is also dictated by the fact that with each subsequent dose the body’s reaction may intensify. Therefore, after receiving several full doses of DTP, it is necessary to administer a smaller amount of antigens in the form of ADSM.

Many parents believe that a two-component vaccination, even with a reduced dose of immunoactive particles, puts too much stress on the child’s body. However, this is not true, since the immune system reacts with equal force to one or more antigens at the same time. When creating complex multivalent vaccines, the main problem is finding the optimal ratio of components so that they are compatible and effective. In the 40s of the last century, the ability to create one vaccine with several components at once was simply a revolutionary technology that made it possible to reduce production costs, reduce the number of trips to the doctor and the number of injections.

The ADSM vaccine almost never causes reactions, since tetanus and diphtheria toxoids are easily tolerated even by a child’s body. Remember that before the introduction of vaccinations, 50% of those sick died from diphtheria, and even more - 85% from tetanus. A number of countries abandoned vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough for several years, believing that the prevalence of infections had significantly decreased. However, the outbreak of whooping cough and diphtheria epidemics in the United States over the past 10 years has changed the opinion of scientists, epidemiologists and doctors, who have reintroduced vaccination against these infections into the national vaccination schedule.

ADSM vaccination and pregnancy

In Russia, according to the decrees and regulations of the Ministry of Health, pregnancy is a contraindication for the administration of the ADSM vaccine. If a woman is planning a pregnancy and the next revaccination is due, it is necessary to get the ADSM vaccine and use protection for a month. After this period, you can plan to conceive without fear of the possible adverse effects of the vaccine on the fetus.

For some women, the situation arises that the next revaccination period falls during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In this case, it is necessary to wait until childbirth, after which, provided you feel normal, get the ADSM vaccine. The next revaccination should be done after 10 years.

Another situation is also possible - a woman received the ADSM vaccine, and after a short period of time she learned that she was pregnant. In this case, there is no need to terminate the pregnancy - it is necessary to inform the gynecologist about this fact, and carefully monitor the child for congenital malformations. If any developmental defects are detected in the child, the pregnancy should be terminated. This tactic is accepted in Russia and neighboring countries. Although a long period of observation of the use of ADSM vaccinations did not reveal a negative effect on the fetus.

Today in the United States of America a completely different strategy has emerged. Pregnant women in late gestation (after 25 weeks), on the contrary, are recommended to get the DPT vaccine (not even DPT). This is due to the fact that the causative agents of these infections - whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria - have mutated in recent years, and children have become frequently infected. It is impossible to vaccinate a child before 2 months of age, so epidemiologists and doctors decided to resort to the option of vaccinating pregnant women so that they pass protection against infections to newborns through the placenta. The maternal antibodies against infections that enter the body of a newborn child will be enough for 2 months, after which the baby will receive a vaccination and his body will develop its own immunity.

The decision to vaccinate pregnant women is associated with an increase in the number of children contracting whooping cough and diphtheria in the first months of life. Many women and men can say that nothing like this is observed in Russia; statistics do not show an increase in the number of deaths from whooping cough and diphtheria. This is not due to the fact that children in Russia do not get sick, but to the peculiarities of statistical accounting.

For example, a small child fell ill with whooping cough and ended up in intensive care, where he had to be connected to a ventilator (this happens very often). If it is not possible to normalize the child’s own breathing within two days, then pneumonia will develop in 100% of children against the background of artificial ventilation. As a rule, these children die. In the United States, such a child fits into the column “death from complications of whooping cough,” and in Russia – into the column “death from pneumonia.” Thus, the American health care system reports morbidity and mortality data that correspond to the actual state of affairs. In Russia, statistics take into account these deaths not as from infections, but as from complications, which are the main diagnosis, since it was from them that death occurred. Therefore, if statistics similar to the American ones are introduced in Russia, the number of morbidity cases and mortality from diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough may be even higher.

ADSM vaccination calendar

ADSM vaccinations, according to the established schedule and in the presence of DPT vaccinations in a child and an adult, are administered in the following periods:

• 6 years;
• 14 – 16 years old;
• 26 years;
• 36 years;
• 46 years old;
• 56 years old;
• 66 years old, etc.

There is no upper age limit for the introduction of ADSM. A person needs to undergo revaccination once every 10 years, until death. Moreover, older people especially need ADSM vaccinations, since their immune system is already weakening, susceptibility to infections increases, and the severity of pathologies increases. It is widely known that children and the elderly are the most seriously ill, so these categories of the population must be vaccinated against dangerous infections. Elderly people should not try to obtain a medical exemption from ADSM, citing the presence of severe chronic diseases of internal organs, since infectious pathology against such a background can be fatal. The presence of chronic diseases is, one might say, a direct indication for vaccination, since it will protect against infections.

There are situations when a person has not been vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus at all, or medical documentation is lost, and it is not possible to reliably determine the presence or absence of vaccinations. Then the person must undergo a full course of vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus, consisting of three vaccinations. Adults are vaccinated only with the ADSM vaccine. In such a situation, it is administered according to the scheme - 0-1-6, that is, the first vaccination, the second one a month later and the third one six months later (6 months). After the last dose of ADSM, immunity is fully formed, and revaccination must be done after 10 years. All subsequent revaccinations involve the administration of only one dose of ADSM, in the amount of 0.5 ml.

If a person is overdue for revaccination, and more than 10 years have passed since the last vaccination, but less than 20, he also receives only one dose of the ADSM vaccine, which is quite enough to activate the immune system. If more than 20 years have passed since the last immunization, then the person should receive two doses of ADSM, which are administered with an interval of 1 month between them. After such a two-dose vaccination, immunity against tetanus and diphtheria is fully activated.

Vaccination ADSM R2 and R3

Vaccination R2 ADSM stands for as follows:

• R2 – revaccination number 2;
• ADSM is an adsorbed vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus in small doses.

Revaccination means that the vaccine is not administered for the first time. In this case, the designation R2 indicates that a second planned revaccination is being carried out. Revaccinations are necessary to activate previously acquired immunity in order to extend the body’s protection against infections for a certain period. In relation to ADSM, the first revaccination was given to a child aged 1.5 years with the DTP vaccine. And the second is carried out at the age of 6, and is conventionally designated R2 ADSM. The ADSM vaccine does not contain a pertussis component, since this infection is not dangerous for children over 4 years of age, so there is no need for revaccinations. At its core, R2 ADSM is a regular vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria, and R2 is the designation of the revaccination number.

Vaccination R3 ADSM is deciphered similarly to R2 ADSM, namely:

• R3 – revaccination number 3;
• ADSM is an adsorbed vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus in small dosages.

In relation to the R3 ADSM vaccination, we can say that this is another revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus. The designation R3 indicates that the third planned revaccination is being carried out. According to the national vaccination calendar, the third revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus (R3 ADSM) is carried out for adolescents aged 14–16 years. Then all subsequent revaccinations are done after 10 years and are designated, respectively, r4 ADSM, r5 ADSM, etc.

ADSM vaccination at 7 years old

The ADSM vaccination at 7 years of age is the second booster vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus. This vaccination can also be given at 6 years of age. Revaccination with ADSM against diphtheria and tetanus is carried out for children at the age of 6–7 years, since it is necessary to activate the immune system and strengthen the body’s defense against infections before the child enters the school staff. After all, a large number of children gather at school, the probability of infection is very high, and epidemics break out in such large groups very quickly. Therefore, epidemiologists use the strategy of additional revaccination of children against tetanus and diphtheria just before the child enters school.

ADSM at 14 years old

Vaccination at the age of 14 with the ADSM vaccine is the third revaccination against tetanus and diphtheria. In principle, the age of 14 years is not strict, and in regulations and regulations of the Ministry of Health it is indicated in the range from 14 to 16 years. Thus, the third revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is carried out at the age of 14–16 years, when 8–10 years have already passed since the last vaccination (from 6–7 years of age). This vaccination is routine and is necessary to activate the existing immunity against tetanus and diphtheria, which gradually decreases and practically disappears 10 years after immunization.

Vaccination of ADSM at the age of 14 is especially important, since adolescents are in the phase of puberty and active hormonal changes, which reduce the body's immunity, including to dangerous infections against which the child was previously vaccinated. In addition, at the age of 16, children graduate from school and move to other groups - either in higher and secondary educational institutions, or in the army, or at work. And a change in the team and, accordingly, the environment also leads to the fact that immunity drops, and a person can easily become infected until he goes through the adaptation process.

The next revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus will be carried out only at the age of 26, and the interval between 14 and 26 years is very important, because young people are very active, often spend time outdoors, gather in groups, etc. That is why active youth aged 14 to 26 years must have reliable protection against dangerous infections. Finally, another very important circumstance according to which it is simply necessary to get the ADSM vaccine at the age of 14 is pregnancy and childbirth, which falls precisely on this age interval (between 14 and 26 years) for most girls.

Where can I get the ADSM vaccination?

The ADSM vaccination can be done at the clinic at your place of residence or work. In this case, you need to find out the schedule of the vaccination room and the days on which medical personnel work with ADSM vaccines. If necessary, sign up for the ADSM vaccination in advance. In addition to clinics, ADSM can be obtained at specialized vaccination centers or private clinics that are accredited to work with vaccines.

Private medical centers provide the opportunity to supply ADSM with domestic or imported vaccines. In addition, in some private centers you can call a special team of vaccinators to your home. In this case, the team comes to the person’s home, the person is examined by a doctor, after which, in the absence of contraindications, the ADSM vaccination is given. This immunization option is optimal because it allows you to minimize the number of contacts with sick people who always exist in the corridors of a regular clinic. Thus, the likelihood of getting sick after going to the clinic for vaccination is reduced.

Where is the vaccine injection given?

The ADSM vaccine is of the adsorbed type, which means the imposition of immunobiological particles on a specific matrix - a sorbent. This type of vaccine implies that the drug will be gradually released into the blood, causing a reaction of the immune system, leading to the formation of immunity. The rapid entry of the entire dose of the drug into the blood will simply lead to its destruction by immunocompetent cells without the formation of immunity and protection against infections. That is why ADSM is administered strictly intramuscularly. The drug creates a depot in the muscle, from where it is gradually released into the blood at an optimal speed. If the drug gets into the subcutaneous tissue, it will slowly enter the bloodstream, which can lead to the development of a lump at the injection site and the ineffectiveness of the vaccination, which will have to be redone.

To ensure intramuscular administration of the ADSM drug, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the injection should be given in the thigh, shoulder or under the shoulder blade. For children with underdeveloped muscle mass, it is best to have ADSM vaccinated in the thigh, since this is where the muscles are developed and come close to the skin. With good development of the muscular framework in a child and an adult, an ADSM can be placed in the outer part of the shoulder, at the border of its upper and middle third. The option of introducing ADSM into the subscapular region is considered as a backup, but it is quite suitable if a person has a pronounced subcutaneous fat layer that covers the muscles on the thigh and shoulder.

ADSM vaccination - instructions

Vaccination should be done only with disposable sterile instruments. Administration of several vaccine preparations in one syringe is not allowed. Along with ADSM, you can get any vaccination except BCG, but all drugs must be administered with different syringes into different parts of the body.

The vaccine for vaccination must not be expired. The ampoule with the drug should be stored in the refrigerator under sterile conditions, but not frozen. DSM is available in two versions - ampoules and disposable syringes. The ampoules contain several doses of the drug, but the disposable syringe contains only one. In addition, ampoules with large amounts of the drug contain a preservative - thiomersal (mercury compound). And single-dose, ready-to-use syringes contain no preservatives at all, making them safer. However, you will have to purchase such syringes at your own expense, since the state does not purchase them due to their high cost.

The vaccine is administered strictly intramuscularly, in one of three places - in the thigh, in the shoulder or under the shoulder blade. You cannot inject ADSM into the buttock, as this can lead to injury to the sciatic nerve and the drug getting into the subcutaneous fat layer - after all, the muscles in this part of the human body lie quite deep and are difficult to reach.

Before the ADSM vaccination, it is wise to undergo simple preparation, which consists of a mandatory trip to the toilet and refusal to eat. Vaccination is best done on an empty stomach and empty intestines. After the procedure, drink more fluids and limit the amount of food you eat. It is best to be in a semi-starved mode for one day before vaccination, and three after it. This will make it easier to tolerate the vaccination and guarantee a minimum number of reactions and their insignificant severity.

Reaction to the vaccine and its consequences

The ADSM vaccine itself has low reactogenicity, that is, it rarely causes any side effects. You need to know that the reaction to the ADSM vaccine is the norm; these symptoms do not indicate the development of pathology or disease, but only the active production of immunity by the human body. After a short period of time, vaccination reactions go away on their own and leave no consequences.

Reactions to the ADSM vaccine can be mild or severe. Mild and severe reactions include the same symptoms, but their severity varies. For example, body temperature can rise to 37.0 o C, then this will be a mild reaction to vaccination, and if the temperature reaches 39.0 o C, then we are talking about a severe reaction to vaccination. It should be remembered that neither a severe nor a mild reaction to a vaccine is a pathology, since it does not cause long-term and persistent health problems. Of course, severe reactions are subjectively tolerated much worse by a person, but they pass without a trace, without causing any health problems subsequently.

The ADSM vaccine can lead to the development of local and general side effects. Local reactions are associated with the injection site - these are compaction, redness, pain, swelling, a feeling of heat in the injection area. The lump may look like a lump, but don't be alarmed. The lump will resolve on its own within a few weeks. Under no circumstances should you heat the injection site, as this may aggravate the situation and cause suppuration, which will have to be opened surgically. Other local effects include impaired mobility of a limb - arm or leg, due to pain at the injection site.

General reactions to vaccination are associated with symptoms throughout the body. The main reactions to ADSM include the following:

• temperature increase;
• anxiety;
• moodiness;
• lethargy;
• appetite disorder.

Both local and general reactions to ADSM develop during the first day after immunization. If any symptoms are observed 3 to 4 days after vaccination, then they are not related to the vaccine, but are a reflection of another process in the human body. For example, often after going to the clinic a person becomes infected with a cold or flu, which has nothing to do with the vaccine.

Symptoms of post-vaccination reactions not only can, but also need to be alleviated, since they only cause discomfort and do not in any way contribute to the process of developing immunity. Therefore, you can lower the temperature, relieve headaches with painkillers, and take appropriate medications for diarrhea (for example, Subtil, etc.). Let's take a closer look at the most common and typical reactions to ADSM, and ways to eliminate them.

The ADSM vaccine hurts. ADSM contains aluminum hydroxide, which causes a local inflammatory reaction at the injection site, which is manifested by pain, swelling, redness, a feeling of heat and impaired muscle function. Therefore, pain after vaccination with ADSM, localized at the injection site and spreading to other nearby parts of the body, is a normal reaction to the vaccine. The pain can be relieved by applying ice to the injection site, taking painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs (Analgin, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide). Pain can be reduced by using ointments that increase blood flow (for example, Troxevasin or Aescusan).

Temperature after ADSM vaccination. The temperature reaction is normal and can vary from 37.0 to 40.0 o C. You should not tolerate this condition after vaccination with ADSM - bring down the elevated temperature by taking antipyretics based on Paracetamol, Ibuprofen or Nimesulide.

Alcohol and ADSM vaccination

Alcohol and ADSM vaccination are in principle incompatible. Before immunization, you should refrain from consuming alcohol for at least two days, and after the procedure, extend the teetotal lifestyle for another three days. Three days after the administration of ADSM, you can take weak alcoholic drinks in limited quantities. After a 7-day interval has passed after the ADSM vaccination, you can drink alcoholic beverages as usual.

Of course, if you took alcoholic drinks after vaccination, then nothing bad will happen, but the severity of side effects may increase. The temperature reaction due to alcohol intoxication may be stronger, swelling and swelling at the injection site may also increase in size due to alcohol ingestion. Therefore, it is better to abstain from alcoholic beverages for a week after vaccination in order not to aggravate the reactions and to adequately assess the course of the post-vaccination period.

Complications in adults and children

Complications from ADSM vaccination are extremely rare, but they occur with a frequency of approximately 2 cases per 100,000 vaccinated people. Complications of ADSM include the following conditions:
1. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock, angioedema, urticaria, etc.).
2. Encephalitis or meningitis.
3. Shock.

The development of neurological disorders during the administration of ADSM has not been registered, since diphtheria and tetanus toxoids have no effect on the membranes of the brain and nerve tissue.

Contraindications

Due to the ease of the ADSM vaccine, the list of contraindications to immunization is very narrow. The vaccine cannot be given under the following conditions:

• pregnancy;
• any disease in the acute period;
• severe immunodeficiency;
• allergy to vaccine components;
• an excessively strong reaction to a previous vaccine.

ADSM vaccination - vaccination rules, reactions and complications - Video

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Read also:

1. What is ADSM

2. Types of vaccination

3. When is the ADSM vaccine given?

4. Where is the ADSM vaccination given?

Under the shoulder blade

These include:

Complications after ADSM

They can appear in the form of:

• encephalitis;
• meningitis.

6. Contraindications to ADSM

1. immunodeficiency;

8. Reviews about the vaccine

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And, finally, is it worth abandoning it? After all, it promises to prevent such serious illnesses as diphtheria and tetanus. The first is transmitted by airborne droplets, and the second by contact. But both are characterized by sad statistics - death occurs in children in 20-40% of 100% of cases. And both have dire consequences.

1. What is ADSM

The description of the ADSM vaccine states that it is diphtheria-tetanus toxoid in small doses.

Hence its second name, more correct – ADS-m. Differing in only one component from the more common version of DTP, the absence of whooping cough, it takes its place in the vaccination calendar.

Many parents are afraid of vaccines because they consider them to be drugs containing half-live pathogens of those very dangerous diseases. In fact, this is not so.

2. Types of vaccination

The ADSM vaccine, which exists on the modern market, has its own varieties.

However, doctors say that it is possible to minimize the consequences of using any type of ADSM vaccine. How? Just follow the rules regarding the timing of vaccination and preparation for it.

3. When is the ADSM vaccine given?

The timing of the administration of the ADSM vaccine is affected by the DTP vaccination.

If it was done on time, doctors adhere to the national vaccination schedule and prescribe injections:

• at 6 years of age (or at 4 years of age), when r2 ADSM is given, or a second revaccination.
• at 16 years of age (or at 14 years of age), when r3 ADSM, or the third revaccination, is given. It is very important that exactly 10 years pass between two injections.

There is also another scheme. It is used when a child does not tolerate DTP vaccination well. According to it, the ADSM vaccine is administered into:

After this, you need to be vaccinated every 10 years, since that is exactly how long the formed immunity lasts.

In addition, ADSM vaccination can be prescribed if an unvaccinated child has been in contact with a patient with diphtheria to form emergency immunity.

4. Where is the ADSM vaccination given?

Traditionally, ADSM vaccination is given intramuscularly. The most common injection site is the thigh, shoulder, or area under the shoulder blade.

The choice of the optimal one depends on the age and structure of the human body. For children with undeveloped muscle mass, the injection is given in the thigh, since in this place the muscles come close to the skin. And they are considered better developed than the others.

If there is a well-developed muscular frame, preference is given to the shoulder.

Under the shoulder blade ADSM vaccination is done in the case of an existing subcutaneous fat layer that blocks access to muscles in other areas.

5. Introduction of the ADSM vaccine: what to expect

Can there be negative reactions to the vaccine? Yes. As a rule, they appear in the first three days after the injection and, according to doctors, do not in any way affect the future health of the child. Yes, and they pass without a trace.

These include:

Later, you can no longer do without consulting a doctor.

Complications after ADSM very rarely in children. To be precise, in 2 cases out of 100 thousand.

They can appear in the form of:

• allergic rash, angioedema, anaphylactic shock and other severe allergic reactions;
• encephalitis;
• meningitis.

But you still shouldn’t be afraid of them, since such phenomena are nothing more than the result of non-compliance with contraindications to the ADSM vaccine.

6. Contraindications to ADSM

Like other medications, the ADSM vaccine has its contraindications. There are not many of them, however, it is imperative to pay attention to them, which is what pediatricians do when they conduct a short survey of the mother before vaccination.

1. individual intolerance to components;
2. the presence of all kinds of diseases;
3. exacerbation of chronic ailments;
4. immunodeficiency;
5. an overly violent reaction to a previously administered ADSM vaccination.

7. Preparation and implementation of ADSM vaccination

Did you know that you can minimize the occurrence of all sorts of negative consequences from the administration of the ADSM vaccine?

All you need to do is listen to the advice of pediatricians and properly prepare for vaccination:

1. avoid crowded places, visiting and traveling for several days before the procedure;
2. refrain from introducing new products into the child’s diet;
3. take antiallergic medications a couple of days before and after vaccination.

Immediately after the injection, it is better to stay for 30-40 minutes in the clinic in case of an allergic reaction. By the way, to the question “Is it possible to wet the ADSM vaccination site?” all doctors answer in the affirmative.

8. Reviews about the vaccine

We did ADSM at 6 years old and didn’t even notice it. The child felt great. They say that this is due to the absence of whooping cough in its composition.

My daughter received this vaccination at the clinic. There was no reaction, but on the doctor’s advice, I gave Fenistil 3 days before and another 3 days after (for allergies). I think everything is great thanks to him. Although many say that it itself is easily tolerated.

A couple of days ago my daughter (6 years old) had ADSM. The day before yesterday, her leg in the area of ​​the injection began to hurt, so much so that by the morning she could not step on it. I was prescribed an antihistamine, I hope it helps.

At ADSM we had a fever and pain in my leg, it was not for nothing that she did not inspire confidence in me.

To summarize the above, I would like to remind you that there are so many opinions, and ADSM vaccination is no exception. Whether you do it for your child or not is up to you to decide.

The main thing is to weigh the pros and cons.

You can watch a video on how to prepare for vaccinations here:

And here you will find information about when vaccinations should never be done:

From this video you will learn about possible complications and reactions to vaccinations:

Tell your friends about this article by sharing this information. And be sure to come to us again. And so as not to miss anything, subscribe to our updates. We are waiting for you! And we wish you only the right decisions and easy vaccinations!

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ADSM vaccination - vaccination rules, reactions and complications

Advantages of ADSM vaccination over AS and AD

ADSM vaccination for adults

ADSM vaccination for children

ADSM vaccination and pregnancy

ADSM vaccination calendar

Vaccination ADSM R2 and R3

• R2 – revaccination number 2;
• ADSM is an adsorbed vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus in small doses.

• R3 – revaccination number 3;
• ADSM is an adsorbed vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus in small dosages.

ADSM vaccination at 7 years old

ADSM at 14 years old

Where can I get the ADSM vaccination?

Where is the vaccine injection given?

ADSM vaccination - instructions

Reaction to the vaccine and its consequences

Alcohol and ADSM vaccination

Complications in adults and children

Contraindications

• pregnancy;
• any disease in the acute period;
• severe immunodeficiency;
• allergy to vaccine components;
• an excessively strong reaction to a previous vaccine.

Read more:

None of the doctors will tell you that the consequences of vaccinations can be:

1. Anaphylactic shock.

2. Severe generalized allergic reactions (recurrent angioedema - Quincke's edema, Steven-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome, serum sickness syndrome, etc.).

4. Vaccine-associated polio.

5. Lesions of the central nervous system with generalized or focal residual manifestations leading to disability: encephalopathy, serous meningitis, neuritis, polyneuritis; as well as with clinical manifestations of convulsive syndrome.

6. Generalized infection, osteitis, osteitis, osteomyelitis caused by the BCG vaccine.

7. Chronic arthritis caused by the rubella vaccine.

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The most recent one. In the vaccination schedule, the first vaccination with this drug is given only from the age of seven.

For most, decoding the ADSM vaccination remains a mystery - keeping long medical abbreviations in your head seems important to few people. The abbreviation is revealed as “adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus M-toxoid”, where the letter “M” means low content of toxoid.

The correct name of the drug is ADS-M, but most are accustomed to writing the name without separating the last letter.

Used in the following cases:

1. For planned diphtheria and tetanus booster doses at ages 7 and 14 years;
2. As a replacement for DPT for children experiencing acute general reactions to it;
3. For vaccination of adults and children over 7 years of age, including those who have never been vaccinated before.

Let's look at each of these cases in detail.

7 and 14 years old

At this age, ADSM vaccinations become a logical replacement for DTP - when primary immunity has already been obtained at an early age, there is no need to subject the body to unnecessary stress. Therefore, a drug with a reduced content of toxoids is used, which cannot be said about DPT.

Vaccinations at this age are the final ones in the national vaccination calendar and subsequent vaccinations are carried out at your own request every 10 years or less often. Very few complications from ADS-M are recorded at any age.

Instead of DPT

Such vaccinations are given a little less often to children who have a strong reaction to DTP antigens: temperature 40° and above, allergic rash, Quincke's edema and convulsions. If such side effects are observed after the first DPT injection, the second and subsequent vaccinations can be given with ADS-M.

The ADSM vaccination is tolerated much more easily by children, without temperature fluctuations or other complications. There is no anti-pertussis component in ADS-M, so if necessary, it is given as a separate injection.

Vaccination of adults

For adults, they prefer to receive a lighter version of the diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, without the anti-pertussis component - the danger of whooping cough practically disappears with age, which cannot be said about tetanus and diphtheria.

Vaccination of adults in this case is carried out with two vaccinations with an interval of 30 days and one revaccination after six months or a year and a half.

Why is ADS-M better or worse?

First, it should be understood that ADS-M is no longer “whooping cough-diphtheria-tetanus”, but only the last two components. Many are then tempted to replace the complex and painful DTP with easier and safer ADS-M vaccinations for the second and third vaccinations.

Many parents succumb to the misconception “easier to tolerate means better.” But this is fundamentally wrong: the purpose of any vaccine is to create stress on the body’s immune system so that it develops an impregnable defense against a real uncontrollable infection. And if DTP copes with this task with a bang, then the purpose of ADS-M is rather to renew and maintain existing immunity - the effectiveness of immunity obtained in this way is much lower.

Unless there is a compelling reason to replace the vaccine, such as on your doctor's orders, you should not do so.

It is difficult for many to make such a choice, seeing how the baby suffered from fever after the first vaccination, but we should not forget how dangerous real infections are.

Another thing is really dangerous reactions, such as anaphylactic shock or neuralgic pathologies after injections. Here, the replacement of the drug is due to safety, when vaccination can lead to irreparable consequences. It is in such cases that children under seven years of age should replace the standard vaccine.

When the ADS-M vaccine is given to children from three to six months of age, it is a necessary measure, but not a “successful replacement” for a bad drug. Everyone should remember this.

Vaccination schedule

The first DTP vaccination is given at three months, then at 4.5 and six months. This is the period of the first vaccination, at the same time oral polio is given. The next injection is due at 18 months, then 6/7, 14, 24 years and then every 10 years.

Of the listed intervals, the schedule for ADSM vaccination is approved at 7 or 6 years, at 14 years and later. The remaining cases are private and should be considered individually, whether the child is intolerant to standard DPT or acute immunodeficiency.

Let's give a short vaccination schedule that concerns only ADS-M:

1. At 4.5 months, it is permissible to replace DTP with this vaccine, after approval by the doctor.
2. At 6 months, severe reactions after DTP are much more common, so at this age the drug is replaced more often.
3. At 18 months it is the same - they are replaced in extreme cases, after consultation with a doctor.
4. Routine vaccinations at 7 years of age are the first time that ADS-M is included in the vaccination schedule.
5. The second revaccination at the age of 14 is also done only with ADS-M.
6. Adults are vaccinated with this vaccine for 24 years and every subsequent 10 years.

Complications and contraindications

There are no permanent contraindications to the use of ADS-M vaccination for both adults and children.

Vaccination with the drug is not recommended for pregnant women due to a lack of clinical studies - how the vaccine affects the course of pregnancy is unknown.

In addition, there is a temporary contraindication common to all vaccines - recent acute illnesses. In severe cases of the disease, vaccinations are given several weeks after the last symptoms.

People with severe chronic diseases are vaccinated during a period of partial or complete remission. HIV or other immunodeficiency syndromes are not a contraindication to vaccination, but require special monitoring by doctors.

Before each vaccination, an immunologist or junior medical staff must check that there is no fever.

There are no other contraindications.

Consequences of vaccination

Negative consequences after the ADS-M vaccine are less common than after any other: due to the low antigen content, it has very low reactogenicity.

Most reactions after injection mean either weak immunity or the presence of some other negative processes in the body. This is especially true for adults - from the age of 14, revaccination with this drug should be absolutely painless and accompanied by only a slight increase in temperature for a day or less.

Despite the fact that serious complications after ADSM vaccinations are recorded less frequently than 3 cases per 100 thousand vaccinated, they should not be forgotten.

Let’s take a brief excursion to understand what is normal after vaccination with ADSM and what is not.

Which of the reactions are considered acceptable:

1. short-term increase in temperature, no more than 39°;
2. lack of appetite;
3. diarrhea;
4. vomiting in children;
5. tiredness or drowsiness.

The mentioned symptoms are typical for both adults and children, but in the former they appear much more often and more vividly, especially in children 6 months and younger. All these symptoms are observed only during the first three days after immunization. Anything later cannot be associated with vaccination and is a symptom of a concurrently developed disease or chronic illness.

• A severe allergic reaction that does not go away for more than a few hours;
• Anaphylactic shock;
• Temperature above 39° for more than one day;
• Symptoms of encephalitis.

Fever and any other symptoms after vaccination can and should be removed. Antipyretics should always be in the arsenal of those who are going for vaccination, either themselves or with a child. What you don’t need to do is panic at the slightest symptoms of a viral infection and run around hospitals with your child.

Injection site

In the final part of the article, we will look at how and where ADSM vaccinations are given, how painful it is and what remains after the injections.

ADS-M is available exclusively in the form of suspensions for intramuscular administration, no drops on the tongue like OPV or scratching like Mantoux.

Injections are given intramuscularly, in a place with low fat tissue. The outer surface of the thigh or the area under the shoulder blade is ideal for this. Since the ADSM vaccine contains aluminum hydroxide as a preservative, the injection site may become very sore and irritated.

Under no circumstances should you scratch or damage it, this will only make the situation worse. It is not always possible to explain this to a child, so apply a compress with cooling ointment or Panthenol. Otherwise, the child may constantly irritate the injection site, stop sleeping, and even scratch the bump until it bleeds.

As for the bump, it can reach 5 centimeters in diameter and not go away for a whole week. Use compresses, ointments and light massage of the area to speed up the healing and resorption of the lump. For children, an ointment that reduces pain, such as troxevasin, is ideal.

Doctor consultations

With this we have considered almost everything related to ADSM vaccinations and I would like to end with a classic warning - do not self-medicate and do not decide for doctors and scientists how and when to vaccinate.

A person is free to do whatever he wants with himself, but when it comes to defenseless children, it is better to trust doctors and science.

The vaccine we considered has almost no contraindications, but diphtheria antigen, as well as tetanus, are contained in too small a concentration to form 100% immunity. That is why this drug is used in rare and private cases or to maintain existing immunity, but not for widespread first vaccination.

Vaccination with ADS-m is a private version of DTP. But it does not contain an anti-whooping cough component. Today, ADS-m is used for revaccinations in order to activate and prolong immunity acquired previously.

At what age is the ADS-m vaccine given? It is used for adults and children over 4 years of age. This is explained by the fact that for these age categories, whooping cough is not as dangerous as for infants. From 4-5 years of age, it occurs in a mild form, and the likelihood of death is low.

Tetanus and diphtheria are dangerous infections that can affect absolutely all people if they are not vaccinated. Tetanus can be infected by getting the pathogen into any open wound, for example, while relaxing in nature or while doing garden work. The vaccine forms immunity to these diseases, but over time it weakens. It is important not to skip revaccinations and, especially, not to refuse them.

Who is the vaccine suitable for?

ADS-m has a wide range of applications. It is indicated for people who are subject to vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus every ten years. It is also used in cases where children are found to be intolerant to ADS and DPT. ADS-m contains half the dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, but it is enough to support and activate the already acquired immunity.

Today, domestic and imported vaccines are available. The latter is less likely to cause unwanted reactions in the body. ADS-m can be divalent combined or monovalent - used separately against tetanus and diphtheria.

What are the advantages over BP and AS drugs?

ADS-m is called bivalent, since it contains components against two infections. Many parents mistakenly believe that monovalent vaccines are better and easier to tolerate by the child’s body. In fact, to obtain polyvalent drugs, all components must be biologically pure, so the body’s response to them is much milder.

One more advantage cannot be discounted - you do not have to take several injections. Moreover, all ballast substances included in the vaccine enter the body only once. If you use monovalent drugs, their number increases significantly.

Vaccination for adults

Revaccination should be done at the age of 14-16 years. Its effectiveness will continue for the next ten years. After this, revaccination is again necessary to maintain immunity at the proper level.

The following vaccinations are given according to the following schedule:

• 24 – 26 years old;
• 34 – 36 years old;
• 44 – 46 years old;
• 54 – 56 years old;
• and further according to schedule.

ADS children

Knowing the decoding and timing of the DPT-m vaccination, it becomes clear that, as a rule, children under 6 years of age are usually vaccinated with DTP. But sometimes their body rejects this vaccine, which results in allergic reactions and other side effects that can be very severe. In this case, the doctor decides to use ADS-m. This is due to the fact that it is often the pertussis component that causes reactions.

In order for immunity to develop, doses of toxoids must be quite large, otherwise infectious diseases will be severe. If a gentle vaccine causes swelling, redness, and inflammation at the injection site, then data about this should be included in the child’s medical record. Children are vaccinated at 3, 4.5 and 6 months, and a drug against Haemophilus influenzae is administered at 3 months. To consolidate the effect, a booster dose is added at 1.5 years.

For revaccination, a smaller dose is used, since primary immunity has already formed. In the future, vaccinations in children cause a negative response from the body much less often, as the vaccine is well tolerated.

Vaccination and pregnancy

The vaccine is not given during pregnancy. After the planned dose, the woman should use protection for a month. Only after these deadlines have passed can you plan for the baby. The vaccine may have adverse effects on the fetus.

If the date of the scheduled vaccination falls during pregnancy, then you need to wait until the birth, and only then do revaccination. Before doing this, you must obtain a doctor's permission for this procedure.

If a woman gets vaccinated and after some time finds out about her pregnancy, then there is no point in interrupting it. But you need to be carefully observed by a doctor and make sure that the fetus does not have any malformations. If serious problems are identified, then only then should you discuss with a specialist the advisability of interruption.

What is R2 and R3 grafting?

The interpretation of ADS-m is as follows: adsorbed vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus in small doses. What is this - r2 ADS-m vaccination? Revaccination number 2 is designated r2. This means that it is not being administered for the first time and this is the second planned revaccination. It is necessary in order to prolong immunity.

Revaccination number 3 is designated r3. This is another vaccination - the third scheduled one. It is done at 14–16 years old. All subsequent ones must be carried out every ten years, they are encrypted accordingly: r4, r5 and further.

Instructions for administering the vaccine

The drug must be administered with a sterile disposable instrument; several vaccines cannot be mixed at the same time. It is important to ensure that the drug is not stitched, stored correctly, and not frozen. If there is a lot of vaccine in the ampoule, it means there is a preservative - a mercury compound.

You need to know where the drug is being administered. The vaccination is done only intramuscularly: in the thigh, shoulder or shoulder blade. If you do not figure out where the ADS-m vaccine is given and place it in the buttock, this can lead to damage to the sciatic nerve. It is better to carry out the procedure on an empty stomach. Afterward, you need to drink plenty of fluids and not overeat.

Contraindications and consequences

Side effects are rare, but you need to be aware of them. Reactions can have varying degrees of severity. Sometimes the temperature rises, redness, thickening, pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea appear. If all the symptoms go away after some time, then there is no need to worry.

The Russian national vaccination calendar includes vaccinations against more than ten infectious diseases. What is OPV vaccinated against and what drugs are used for this purpose? This means vaccination against a dangerous viral disease - polio, or spinal paralysis, which until recently was recorded throughout the globe.

So what is OPV vaccination? This acronym stands for “oral polio vaccine” or polio vaccine. The word "oral" means that the drug is administered through the mouth. Let's find out everything about this vaccine.

OPV vaccination - what is it?

Currently, only one drug for oral vaccination is approved in our country. This is “Oral polio vaccine types 1, 2, 3 (OPV).” It is produced by the Russian manufacturer FSUE Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis named after. M.P. Chumakov RAMS".

The OPV vaccine contains live polio virus. It was obtained in the 1950s by American researcher Albert Sabin as a result of long-term cultivation of the wild strain in monkey cell culture. The peculiarity of this type of poliovirus is that it takes root well and multiplies in the intestines, but is not able to infect nervous tissue cells. Whereas field or wild poliovirus is dangerous precisely because it causes the death of neurons in the spinal cord - hence paralysis and disruption of nervous activity.

The vaccine virus includes three varieties - serotypes 1, 2, 3, which completely overlap wild strains of poliovirus. If necessary, monovalent drugs containing only one type of virus can be produced - they are used to combat the disease in foci of infection.

In addition to the virus, the vaccine contains antibiotics that do not allow bacteria to multiply in the nutrient medium - polymycin, neomycin, streptomycin. Those who have a history of allergies to these antibacterial agents should be aware of this.

The Sabin vaccine is widely used throughout the world and is the only live vaccine against poliovirus. Largely thanks to her, most developed countries are now declared polio-free zones by WHO. Since 2002, the European region, including the CIS countries, has been declared such a zone.

The vaccination schedule against polio includes two vaccines - OPV and IPV. What is the difference between them? IPV is an inactivated polio vaccine that contains killed (inactivated) virus. It is administered by injection. While the OPV vaccine contains live polio virus and is given orally.

Until 2010, vaccination against polio was carried out in Russia using exclusively inactivated vaccines - a favorable epidemiological situation allowed this. But in 2010, an outbreak of the disease occurred in neighboring Tajikistan, and one person died from polio in Russia. As a result, the decision was made to use mixed vaccination. In the first year of life, children are given an inactivated polio vaccine (Imovax polio, Poliorix), then three doses of a live vaccine. Revaccination at older ages is carried out only with live OPV vaccine.

Sometimes you can come across the abbreviation: r2 OPV vaccination - what is it? This refers to the second booster dose of oral polio vaccine, which is given at 20 months of age. What kind of vaccine is r3 OPV? Accordingly, this is revaccination No. 3, which is given to children at the age of 14.

Description of instructions for use of the OPV vaccine

According to the instructions, the OPV vaccine is intended for use in children aged from three months to 14 years. In areas of infection, the vaccine can be administered to newborns directly in maternity hospitals. Adults are vaccinated upon entering an affected area.

Where is OPV vaccination given? It is administered orally, that is, through the mouth.

The vaccine is a pink liquid, packaged in bottles of 25 doses (5 ml). A single dose is 4 drops, or 0.2 ml. It is taken using a special pipette or syringe and dripped onto the root of the tongue for infants or onto the tonsils of older children. The vaccine administration procedure should be carried out in such a way as not to provoke increased salivation, regurgitation and vomiting. If such a reaction does occur, the child is given another dose of the vaccine. The fact is that the virus must be “assimilated” by the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and enter the tonsils. From there it penetrates the intestines and multiplies, causing the development of immunity. If the virus comes out with vomiting or is washed away with saliva, then vaccination will be ineffective. When it enters the stomach, the virus is also neutralized by gastric juice and does not reach its desired target. If the child burps after repeated application of the virus, then the vaccine is not repeated a third time.

OPV can be given at the same time as other vaccines. The exceptions are BCG and vaccine preparations administered orally - for example, Rotatek. OPV does not affect the development of immunity to other diseases and does not in any way affect the child’s tolerance to vaccines.

Contraindications and precautions

OPV vaccine should not be administered in the following cases:

Respiratory infections, fever, and other minor weakening of the child’s immunity require complete cure before administering OPV.

Since OPV is a vaccine containing a live virus that actively multiplies in the body, a vaccinated child can infect non-immune people for some time. In this regard, OPV vaccination requires compliance with certain rules when using it; in other cases, it must be replaced with an inactivated vaccine.

1. If the family has children under the age of 1 year who are not vaccinated against polio (or children who have a medical exemption from the vaccine), it is better to vaccinate with IPV.
2. When carrying out mass vaccination with OPV, unvaccinated children are isolated from the group for a period of 14 to 30 days.

Also, OPV is sometimes replaced by IPV in closed preschool institutions (orphanages, specialized boarding schools for children, orphanages), anti-tuberculosis sanatoriums, and inpatient departments of hospitals.

Possible complications

In very rare cases - about one in 750,000 - the weakened virus in the OPV vaccine undergoes changes in the body and reverts to a type that can paralyze nerve cells. This side effect is called VAPP - vaccine-associated polio. VAPP is a serious complication of the OPV vaccine.

The risk of developing such a complication is highest after the first vaccination, less so after the second. That is why the first two vaccinations are given with inactivated vaccines - from them VAPP does not develop, but protection is produced. A child vaccinated twice with IPV has virtually no risk of developing a vaccine infection.

The first reaction in the event of the appearance of VAPP occurs from 5 to 14 days after administration of the drops. Complications from OPV vaccination may occur in people with immunodeficiency. Then the weakened immune system does not produce antibodies that protect against the virus, and it multiplies unhindered, causing serious illness. Therefore, vaccinations with live vaccines are contraindicated in this case.

Vaccination dates

According to the national vaccination calendar, vaccination against polio is carried out at the following times:

• at 3 and 4.5 months the child is given an IPV injection;
• at 6 months - live OPV;
• first revaccination with OPV at 18 months;
• second revaccination - at 20 months;
• third revaccination, the last one - OPV vaccination at 14 years of age.

Thus, revaccination with OPV is carried out three times.

If the child's parents wish, vaccinations against polio can be done using inactivated vaccines, at the patient's personal expense.

How to prepare for OPV vaccination

The OPV vaccine against polio requires preparation before vaccination. An examination by a pediatrician is required to assess the risk of infection of other family members (children, pregnant women) with the vaccine virus.

In order for the vaccine to be better absorbed, the child should not be fed or given water for one hour before and after vaccination.

Reaction to OPV vaccine

The reaction to OPV vaccination is usually not pronounced - children tolerate it easily. On the day of vaccination, you can walk with your child, bathe him and live as usual.

Side effects of the OPV vaccine may include mild stool upset (loose or frequent) for a few days after vaccination, which resolves without any intervention. It is also possible that mild allergic reactions may occur - skin rashes. Sometimes nausea and single vomiting occur.

Fever after OPV vaccination is an uncharacteristic reaction. It is usually associated with other factors.

Let's summarize all of the above. OPV vaccination is defined as “oral polio vaccine.” This is a vaccine containing live polio virus and is administered as droplets into the mouth. Whether a polio vaccine is necessary is a decision for parents first and foremost. But we must take into account that doctors do not doubt the benefits of mass vaccination, which made it possible in a relatively short time (from the 1960s to the 1990s) to minimize the manifestation of such a dangerous disease as polio. Even in countries that have been free of the disease for decades, polio vaccination continues. To eliminate VAPP and the circulation of the vaccine virus in the population, they switched to a full cycle of using inactivated vaccines. If the epidemiological situation in Russia stabilizes, it is planned to do the same.