home Calculators Polyp in the uterus treatment, symptoms, folk remedies. Polyps in the uterus are a difficult disease that needs to be treated

Polyp in the uterus treatment, symptoms, folk remedies. Polyps in the uterus are a difficult disease that needs to be treated

Polyps in the uterus are formations from the endometrium that appear starting at age 9. Most often they are detected before menopause at 40–50 years of age. A polyp is a benign neoplasm, but if no measures are taken to treat it, under certain conditions it can become malignant. The probability of such degeneration is 1 - 2%.

Polyps can be single, broad-based or pedunculated, or multiple (polyposis).

Polyps in the uterus are found in women in approximately 10% of cases. Among gynecological diseases, they account for 25% of cases, which indicates the widespread prevalence of the problem.

Polyps in the uterus - causes

When studying this pathology, it turned out that polyps in the uterus, the causes of which are different in each individual case, arise against the background:

Hormonal disorders;

Reduced immunity;

Stress and prolonged nervous tension;

Changes caused by a woman's age.

In addition, there are many more risk factors that provoke the development of polyps in the uterus:

1. Diseases of the reproductive organs in women (ovarian cysts, fibroids, endometriosis).

2. Mechanical damage to the cervix that occurs during instrumental gynecological examinations, as a result of inflammatory diseases (endocervicitis), during labor or abortion.

3. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as against the background of a violation of the vaginal microflora. The most dangerous of them are: ureaplasmosis, herpes, toxoplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, candidiasis.

4. Genetic predisposition.

5. Physical inactivity.

6. Long-term treatment with Temoxifen, a drug used in the presence of tumors to block hormone-sensitive receptors. As a result, in some patients, endothelial cells begin to grow rapidly and polyps form.

Vascular growths: when a vascular network forms around it, active proliferation of epithelial cells begins.

The risk group includes women who have:

Obesity;

Hypertonic disease;

Endocrine pathology.

The mechanism of polyp formation in the uterus

Due to hormonal imbalance, the normal functioning of the ovaries can be disrupted, and therefore a large amount of estrogen enters the blood.

Normally, its production occurs within two weeks of the menstrual cycle. In case of hormonal disorders, it enters the blood continuously. Under its influence, increased growth of the endometrium occurs.

During menstruation, the endometrium does not completely exfoliate; some part of it remains in the uterus. This process occurs over several cycles and leads to the formation of a formation at the site of endometrial accumulation.

Subsequently, the germination of blood vessels and connective tissue fibers occurs - a polyp is formed.

Types of polyps in the uterus

Polyps, depending on the cells from which they are formed and their structure, are distinguished:

1. Glandular polyps - formed at a young age, similar to fluid cysts.

2. Fibrous polyps - dense, because they are based on connective tissue, develop after the age of 40, before menopause and during menopause.

3. Glandular - fibrous, formed, respectively, from gland cells and connective tissue.

4. Polyps - adenomas: their structure contains atypical cells, so the development of cancer is possible.

5. Placental polyps are formed from parts of the placenta preserved after childbirth.

The size of polyps in the uterus varies from a few millimeters to 3.0 cm. Basically, polyps up to 1.0 cm are found.

Polyps in the uterus - the first symptoms

Polyps in the uterus can be asymptomatic. In such cases, they are a godsend when examining for another pathology, or when determining the causes of infertility.

When polyps in the uterus reach a certain size, the first symptoms appear:

Various menstrual irregularities;

Uterine bleeding between menstruation;

Bleeding during menopause;

Pain and discomfort during sex, and after it - spotting.

A polyp can also be detected if inflammation develops or injury occurs. This leads, in addition to the above, to the manifestation the following clinical symptoms:

Pulling pain that occurs not only during sexual intercourse, but also shortly before the onset of menstruation;

The presence of blood in the discharge, not associated with menstruation.

Polyps in the uterus - signs

As polyps grow in the uterus, their signs become more pronounced:

Anemia develops;

Persistent menstrual irregularities;

Miscarriage;

Fetal hypoxia;

Infertility;

Uterine cancer, which is the main danger of polyps.

Diagnosis of polyps in the uterus

Ultrasound of the uterus is the most accessible, informative and painless diagnostic method. When performing the procedure with an intravaginal sensor, the most accurate results are obtained.

For a detailed examination, hysteroscopy is performed: a device (a thin tube with a camera) is inserted into the uterine cavity. If necessary, material is taken using a hysteroscope for biopsy. You can also inject a contrast agent into the uterine cavity through the device and take an x-ray.

Treatment of polyps in the uterus

Treatment of polyps in the uterus is exclusively surgical. If a single polyp is detected, it is excised. In case of polyposis, the upper layer of the uterine mucosa is scraped out.

Indications for surgical treatment are:

Lack of effect from hormonal treatment;

Age over 40 years;

The size of the formation is more than 1.0 cm;

If a histological examination reveals atypical cells.

Currently, treatment of polyps in the uterus is carried out using hysteroscopic and laparoscopic methods.

The hysteroscopic method is considered a low-traumatic procedure, is performed under light anesthesia and lasts about 20 minutes.

The most suitable time for manipulation is 2 - 3 days after menstruation: the uterine mucosa is thin at this time, the polyp is easily identified, because it rises above it, it can be removed quickly. The method has several advantages:

Safety;

Painless;

No incisions and, accordingly, surgical sutures;

The hysteroscope camera allows you to detect even small polyps and remove them.

Laparoscopy is performed under the control of a laparoscope through a hole (0.5 - 1.5 cm) in the lower abdomen. The method is very effective in the presence of malignant formation. If atypical cells are detected in a polyp, which indicates a high risk of tumor development, the uterus is removed using this method.

The advantages of laparoscopy are:

Postoperative pain is rare;

There are virtually no complications;

No scars;

Rapid recovery of the body.

Treatment of polyps in the uterus

Treatment of polyps in the uterus in certain cases is carried out without surgery. This is possible in some cases:

In nulliparous women, since surgical intervention leads to problems with conception;

In young patients (cases are described when polyps were found in girls in adolescence)

If there is one small polyp, taking certain medications can reduce it and achieve complete disappearance.

Considering that a polyp forms in the uterine cavity under the influence of high levels of estrogen, hormonal drugs are prescribed that reduce the amount of estrogen and help increase progesterone levels. They eliminate the etiological factor (estrogens), resulting in a significant reduction in the polyp, it dries out and leaves the uterus during menstruation.

Drugs for the treatment of polyps are prescribed based on age:

Up to 35 years - estrogen - progestin contraceptives (Regulon, Zhanin, Yarina);

After 35 years - gestagens (Duphaston, Utrozhestan, Norkolut);

After 40 years and during menopause - antagonists of gonadotropin releasing hormone (Zoladex, Diferelin) - they protect against the effects of estrogens that cause changes in the uterus;

Antibacterial drugs are prescribed at any age - they are necessary in cases where the formation of polyps occurred due to an inflammatory process in the uterus (Zitrolide, Monomycin, etc.).

All drugs are prescribed by a gynecologist at a certain phase of the cycle and according to a special scheme.

Prevention of polyps in the uterus

Prevention of polyps in the uterus is associated with dysfunction of the ovaries, which produce large amounts of estrogens. Therefore, preventive measures include:

Regular visits to the gynecologist to exclude pathology and the correct selection of contraceptives;

Active physical activity and combating physical inactivity eliminate blood stagnation in the pelvis;

Avoid promiscuity;

Do not consume meat products containing hormones;

Avoid sudden hypothermia.

It is always necessary to be attentive to your body and, at the slightest failure, consult a specialist in time to avoid unpleasant complications.

Uterine polyps are growths on the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. The size of the neoplasms ranges from a few millimeters, when the polyp looks like a small grain, to several centimeters, when the polyp grows to the size of tennis balls or more.

The polyps are connected to the uterus either by a thin stalk, like mushrooms, or “sit” on a wide base. Such outgrowths can be either single or multiple. In case of profuse growth, the woman is diagnosed with uterine polyposis. In some cases, polyps can cover not only the uterus, but also the vagina.

Representatives of the fair sex of all ages encounter uterine polyps, including very young girls whose menstrual cycle has not yet normalized, and women who are in menopause. Today, polyps occupy first place among all benign formations of the uterus.

Types of uterine polyps

Glandular uterine polyps are more common in young women, while glandular fibrous polyps are more common in older women. Fibrous polyps are also more common in women over 40 years of age. Adenomatous polyps, which occur at any age, are also called atypical; they can reach large sizes and increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer.

Difficult childbirth, improper termination of pregnancy, or a frozen pregnancy can cause the growth of placental polyps, which form from parts of the placenta remaining inside.

Symptoms of uterine polyps

Among the most common signs of uterine polyps are excessively heavy, prolonged menstruation and frequent dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Polyps also manifest themselves with the following symptoms:

spotting after sexual intercourse;
whitish discharge from the genital tract;
mucous or purulent discharge;
pain in the lower abdomen;
discomfort during sexual intercourse;
pale skin, dizziness and weakness due to constant blood loss.

The symptoms characteristic of polyps coincide with the symptoms that appear with endometriosis, uterine fibroids and the threat of miscarriage during pregnancy. The sooner you are correctly diagnosed, the more likely it is that complications will be avoided. Therefore, do not hesitate, if you have complaints, contact reliable doctors in well-known clinics that have been operating for many years and provide high-quality services.

There are often cases when uterine polyps do not manifest themselves in any way and are discovered only during preventive examinations by a gynecologist. This once again confirms the need to remember to visit your doctor regularly, even if nothing bothers you.

Treatment of uterine polyps

Diagnosis of uterine polyps consists of a gynecological examination, ultrasound and hysteroscopy, during which the doctor examines the uterine cavity with a special device. Hysteroscopy helps determine the number of polyps and their location. Diagnostic curettage followed by histology is also performed.

In the absence of painful symptoms and in the case when the size of the polyps is very small and amounts to no more than a few millimeters, the patient can be offered conservative treatment, without removing the tumors. This requires constant monitoring by a gynecologist and regular ultrasounds. If the polyps are large enough, they are removed using a minimally invasive method. After the intervention, additional hormonal treatment is carried out.

Reasons for the development of uterine polyps

The appearance of uterine polyps can be associated with ovarian dysfunction, endometrial hyperplasia, uterine fibroids, mastopathy, polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases. Also, the growth of polyps is affected by diseases that, it would seem, cannot become an obvious cause of problems with the reproductive system. Such diseases include obesity, thyroid disease, diabetes and even frequent stress.

Uterine polyps and cancer

Polyps are benign neoplasms, but some of them, for example, adenomatous ones, have the prerequisites for degeneration into endometrial cancer, and therefore require special attention and special treatment. Most often, cancer develops in the presence of polyps larger than 10 millimeters in diameter.

According to one version of doctors, the likelihood of cancer detection increases in women who have uncontrolledly used hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine devices for a long time.

Uterine polyps and pregnancy

According to scientific research, uterine polyps can interfere with conception and pregnancy. Timely removal of polyps increases the likelihood of both natural conception and conception through in vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination.

Polyps in the uterus, the symptoms and treatment of which should be discussed with a doctor, are formations of nodules.

Their sizes are generally different, ranging from three millimeters to a centimeter, but no more.

A woman may develop one or more of these nodules.

These are vascular, porous nodules of a slightly elongated, rounded appearance (burgundy, purple or yellowish in color), which have very thin transparent walls.

The reasons for the appearance of such growths have not yet been fully identified. But the general opinion of scientists comes down to hormonal imbalances in a woman or the presence of long-term inflammatory processes, due to which polyps appear in the uterus. The symptoms and treatment of this disease, according to reviews from women on medical forums, are carried out differently.

The body and stalk are the most common type of polyp growth. The upper part (body) is wider and denser, the lower (thin leg) is attached to the inside of the uterine membrane. In the case of a very long leg, a benign neoplasm can be detected in the vaginal area itself.

Therefore, a regular visit to a gynecologist will already allow you to determine the presence of this type of disease and make the correct diagnosis. The doctor may prescribe an ultrasound to determine the complexity of the disease, and then prescribe conservative or surgical treatment, in which the growth will be removed surgically.

Depending on where the polyps form in the uterus, the symptoms and treatment of which are described below, you can determine what type it belongs to:

WE ADVISE! Weak potency, a flaccid penis, lack of a long-term erection are not a death sentence for a man’s sex life, but a signal that the body needs help and male strength is weakening. There are a large number of drugs that help a man gain a stable erection for sex, but they all have their own disadvantages and contraindications, especially if the man is already 30-40 years old. help not only to get an erection HERE AND NOW, but act as a preventive measure and accumulation of male power, allowing a man to remain sexually active for many years!

In the cervical part of the uterine organ - a type of polyp located at the beginning of the cervix itself.
In the body of the uterine organ, when a nodule forms directly, inside the uterus itself. There are often cases of their appearance on top of this organ.

Based on their cellular composition, growths (polyps) are divided into the following:

Ferrous. They mainly contain cellular formations of the gland. They appear as a form of the disease in very young girls, in the form of a cyst filled with a liquid substance. Usually occur with symptoms of too much pathological growth of the endometrium.
Fibrous formations. They contain cellular connections of tissues. They are much denser than the first type of growths. They appear at the age of forty, before the onset of menopause, during a period associated with hormonal changes in a woman’s body.
Formations that simultaneously have both glandular and fibrous properties.
They include cells of the glands of the uterine lining and connective tissue cells.
An adenoma is a growth consisting of altered cells formed in an erroneous process of continuous cell division. Their negative function is reduced to the appearance of oncological diseases.
The formation of placenta-shaped growths can occur in postpartum cases if at least a small part of the embryonic organ (placenta) remains in the uterine area. The formation of a polyp from such cellular tissues is quite likely.

Polyp in the uterus: causes of formation and why it is dangerous

According to modern medicine, a polyp in the uterus can appear as a result of the following diseases.

An excessively high level of hormonal substances in the circulatory system of the female body contributes to an increase in the internal endometrium of the uterine organ. This excessive layering makes it possible for the appearance of polyp growths or a widespread increase in all areas of the mucous membrane.

An insufficient amount of another hormonal substance (progesterone) in the body can lead to more active formation of unwanted growths. In cases of blockage or proliferation of blood vessels around this area, rapid proliferation of cells occurs, causing erosion in the cervical cavity of the uterus. The occurrence of various disorders, inflammatory nature of the reproductive system (purulent discharge, pain in the lower abdomen).

During inflammatory processes occurring in the uterine organ, hyperplasia of cells inevitably occurs, preventing their development. Such cellular formations (leukocytes) on the one hand contribute to the destruction of infections, but at the same time, increasing the number of unnecessary cells.

In case of unsuccessful artificial termination of pregnancy, as well as poor-quality surgical curettage of the fetus, bleeding and erosive problems may occur, increasing reproduction at the cellular level of various parts of the mucous membrane in the uterine region.

For diseases of the endocrine system (disruption of its glands). All glands of various body systems are connected to each other. In this case, the consequence of occurring disorders of the thyroid gland, liver or adrenal glands is ovarian dysfunction and an excessive amount of hormones in the female reproductive system.

Having diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. Such diseases cause improper blood circulation in small blood vessels. For this reason, insufficient supply of cells with oxygen and nutrients causes their mutation and activation of the division process.

The influence of unnecessary deposits of fatty tissue in a woman’s body under the skin and in the structure of individual organs is manifested in the production of hormones (estrogens), which provoke the formation of an excessive number of polyp cells.

The heredity factor determines the individual percentage of growth of polyp growths on the walls of the uterine area. If there are such benign or malignant formations in the mother’s body, the daughter should show increased care and attention to the issues of diagnosis and prevention of her health. With insufficient mobility and physical activity, the uterus and ovaries are not fully saturated with oxygen compounds, which interferes with the sufficient production of hormonal substances and, accordingly, the proper reproduction of cells. When taking the drug Tamoxifen.

It is used in the treatment of various tumors. In this case, the receptors responsible for sensitivity functions in the reproductive hormonal system are blocked. Unfortunately, the drug, as a side effect, can cause the proliferation of polyp cell tissue. Polyp formations on a stalk in the uterus have the shape of a mushroom. Such multiple benign growths do not pose a serious danger.

However, you should not postpone the necessary course of treatment for a long time. This is due to the fact that over time, a polyp in the uterus can become malignant. And although only a small percentage of women experience such changes in the uterine area, you should pay close attention to your health.

After gynecological surgery, part of the growth is sent for histology to make sure that the formation has not developed into malignant. Polyp growths form inside the uterus itself or its cervical canal. It is important to take into account the fact that these unwanted formations can appear even in girls during adolescence.

This phenomenon most often occurs in the female body before the decline of her reproductive and menstrual functions. . On average, this occurs after forty years, during the period when menstruation stops, especially during the postmenopausal period. Rarely, they can enter the vaginal area through the cervical canal, which is excluded.

Endometrial polyp in the uterus: symptoms and diagnosis

An endometrial polyp in the uterus is accompanied by the following symptoms:

The presence of pain during menstruation and heavy bleeding during menstruation. Before this, there is a release of brown substances.
Bloody discharge between menstrual cycles.
Painful intercourse and bleeding afterwards.
Bloody discharge during menopause.
Development of an anemic state (weakness, pallor, dizziness) due to frequent bleeding.
The large size of the growth is complemented by pain similar to contractions.

Diagnosis based on the presence of pathological growths is preceded by the collection of various necessary information about gynecological disorders and the general condition of the patient. Then comes the actual examination, studying the elements of cell tissue under a microscope after cleaning the uterus. An ultrasound examination is required. An ultrasound allows you to clearly see the cervical polyp and the area of enlargement of the mucous membrane.

X-rays are used. In some cases, the fetus can develop normally during pregnancy even in the presence of endometrial polyps in the uterus. You just need to adhere to a calm rhythm as much as possible to prevent the possibility of spontaneous miscarriage. In this case, a pregnant woman experiences menstruation due to placental tissue abruption. Polyps can also grow, develop into malignant formations and cause a delay in the development of the embryo or its pathological changes.

Polyp in the uterus: removal and treatment using various methods

A polyp in the uterus, the removal of which is not always necessary, is a pathological change that is characterized by the appearance of neoplasms. Hysteroscopy is both a diagnostic method and a procedure for subsequent surgical intervention to remove polyps in the uterus.

It is usually carried out in the second phase of a woman’s menstrual cycle and consists of several stages:

Anesthesia. If general anesthesia is intolerable, local anesthesia with additional pain relief is used.
Dilatation of the cervical canal using carbon dioxide or special solutions. Additionally, during the procedure, the doctor evaluates the amount and pressure of the substance that enters the uterus.
Insertion of the hysteroscope. The necessary tools for manipulation are installed. These can be forceps, laser and electrical conductors, probes, catheters.
Biopsy. Cutting off neoplasms. Polyps are removed by “unscrewing” or direct exposure. The affected area is treated and cauterized. The removed material is transferred to the laboratory for further research.

In general, the procedure does not cause pain. It is for this reason that many women refuse surgery. With local anesthesia, unpleasant sensations are possible, but nothing more. The duration is from 10 to 30 minutes, in some cases 1 hour.

The patient does not have to stay in the hospital and can easily go home after therapy. There are no external scars or obvious violations of the integrity of the uterus.

After hysteroscopy, bloody discharge is observed. To restore the epithelium, it is recommended to undergo a course of hormonal therapy and avoid sexual intercourse for about 3 weeks. It is imperative to undergo a re-examination after finishing taking the medications and the deadlines set for wound healing.

The choice of the appropriate treatment method depends on the preliminary diagnosis and determination of the cause of the appearance of polyps in the uterus. Removing them is not always necessary. Estrogen and progesterone are hormones that influence the growth of the disease. The presence of an inflammatory process in the female genital organs is also investigated.

It is not possible to completely eliminate a polyp in the uterus, but drug treatment without surgery will stop its growth and proliferation:

"Monomycin". Broad-spectrum antibacterial drug. Daily intake - 0.25 grams 3 to 6 times.
"Zitrolide". Has a bactericidal effect on the pelvic organs. It is recommended to take 2 capsules per day.
"Regulon". A synthetic analogue of the hormone estradiol. Normalizes the menstrual cycle, reduces the level of endometrial susceptibility. Systematic administration of the drug is necessary. Daily dosage - 1 tablet.
"Duphaston". Helps normalize the endometrium and is used as a substitute for hormone therapy. The dosage per day should not exceed 20 mg.
"Utrozhestan". It is prescribed when there is an insufficient amount of hormones in the female body, and neoplasms arise against this background. Daily intake - 200-300 mg.
Zoladex. Often used to prepare for hysteroscopy. Synthetic analogue of hormones, antitumor agent. It is administered orally exclusively by medical professionals.

The use of hormonal and anti-inflammatory therapy is carried out under the strict supervision of a specialist in accordance with the specified dosage of the active ingredients of the drugs. Be sure to take hormone tests and monitor changes in the uterine cavity using hardware diagnostics.

You should not use unfamiliar advice from herbalists on your own. Recipes should be selected individually. And only if maintenance treatment is necessary, you can use folk remedies for polyps in the uterus.

Golden mustache. We are preparing a tincture, which includes: vodka - 0.5 liters, fragrant callisia - 50 joints. The product is infused for about 10 days. Add 1/3 of water to the finished tincture. Daily intake - 20 drops in the morning and evening. Preferably before meals. Course duration - 10 days, break - 5 days.
Celandine. Used for douching. A tincture is prepared in advance in a liter of boiled hot water and a dry plant. Course duration - 14 days, use - 1 time per day.
Monk's pepper or chasteberry. Ingredients: fruits - 50 grams, alcohol 70% - 50 grams. Leave for 14 days. Take 30 drops per day with a small amount of water, 3 times. It is believed that this medicinal composition promotes the production of progesterone.
Onion. Take the vegetable and bake in the oven until the onion becomes transparent. Fold the composition twice into a piece of gauze, attach a thread and form a tampon. Administer at night. Course duration - 7 days, break - 10 days.
Pumpkin seeds. Ingredients: boiled yolks - 7 pieces, crushed seeds - 6 tablespoons, sunflower oil - 0.5 liters. Mix everything and place in a steam bath for 20 minutes. Daily intake - 1 teaspoon in the morning. Duration of treatment - 5 days, break - 5 days. Repeat several times.
Nettle, rose hips, currants. The medicinal decoction is prepared quite quickly. In two glasses of boiling water add rose hips - 3 teaspoons, nettle plant - 2 teaspoons and berries - 1 teaspoon. Daily intake - 100 ml 4 times.

You should first consult your doctor and get his approval. Allergic reactions or intolerance by the body to some components are possible. Combining alcohol-containing tinctures and medicinal antibacterial treatment is strictly prohibited.

Such interaction will lead to deterioration of health and poisoning of the body. A positive result of the hysteroscopy procedure is considered to be minor bleeding over the next 2-3 days. Among the complications of polyp removal, one can note the presence of sutures in case of extensive damage to areas of the organ or damage to the epithelium and internal tissue.

What else can happen after hysteroscopy of the uterus, and what you should pay attention to:

Temperature increase.
Fever.
Purulent or bloody discharge.
Unpleasant smell.
Pain in the pelvic area.

In this case, you should immediately contact a specialist to determine the reasons. Allergic reactions from the body are possible. Additional examination is required.

What complications can occur after removing a polyp in the uterus through a procedure like hysteroscopy:

Re-formation of polyps in the uterus.
Cervical stenosis. Change in organ structure. Leads to bleeding and purulent discharge into the pelvis. Provokes cancer.
Malignant neoplasms.
Infections. Observed when the rules for processing instruments for the procedure are not followed.
Infertility. When seeking help late, the reproductive function of the female body is disrupted.

The patient is informed about all the likely above-mentioned consequences before the procedure.

Additionally, the doctor must warn about the need for hysteroscopy in case of focal endometrial hyperplasia.

And only after the woman’s voluntary consent, surgical removal of polyps in the uterus is performed.

There is no remedy or specific recommendations to prevent the appearance of polyps in the uterus. Even the most qualified specialist cannot guarantee the absence of violations of the female reproductive system.

You can only maintain the health of the reproductive system, strengthen it and avoid factors that provoke the disease:

Timely diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory processes and infections of the reproductive system.
Having a permanent sexual partner.
Avoid abortions and curettages.
Use hormonal drugs only under the supervision of a gynecologist.
Lead an active, mobile lifestyle.

Regular examination and observation by a specialist, strict compliance with all his instructions, and taking medications will prevent the formation of polyps in the uterus. The health of the body and the full functioning of her reproductive system depend only on the woman.

Nature has assigned the main task to the female sex - bearing and giving birth to healthy children. However, various gynecological diseases worsen the state of reproductive function. In an advanced form, infertility, benign and malignant tumors develop, including polyps in the uterus, the causes of which are varied.

To date, no unified theory has been developed regarding how polyps arise. Until now, gynecologists have not come to an agreement, despite the development of diagnostic technologies and medicine itself.

So, the subject of this article will be polyps in the uterus, causes and symptoms, treatment of the disease. And first, let’s find out what they are, since the disappointing diagnosis of “polycystic disease” is increasingly being given to patients by gynecologists.

Polyps are benign formations that affect the mucous lining of the uterine cavity - the endometrium and have a branched structure. Their size can vary from a few centimeters to the size of an average apple.

Causes of the disease

Diagnostic features

Uterine polyps are often detected during a standard examination by a gynecologist. The doctor, manipulating a special mirror, sees them on the mucous membrane. For a more accurate diagnosis, colposcopy, additional x-ray examination, and gitseroscopy are performed, which allows a thorough examination of the uterine cavity. Ultrasound examination also helps to determine a reliable picture of the disease.

Classification of polyps

Pathology is classified according to the number of polyps and their histological structure. Formations can be multiple or single. According to their structure, polyps are divided into:

Glandular uterine polyps. Formations develop due to disorders in the endometrium.
Adenomatous polyp. The most common type of pathology. The size of the formation can reach several centimeters, it has a tendency to degenerate into a malignant tumor. in the uterus, the causes of which can be any, according to gynecologists are considered the most dangerous.
Fibrous polyp. It is very dense in consistency because it is formed by fibrous tissue. Excellent visualization during ultrasound examination.
Mixed, or glandular-fibrous.

Symptoms

Every woman should undergo regular gynecological examination (at least once a year). This is especially true if there is at least one risk factor for the development of the disease. You should carefully listen to the state of your body, since polyposis manifests itself as follows:

Inability to conceive.
Violations, cycle failures, in particular towards polymenorrhea. During this period, abnormally heavy bleeding occurs.
Irregular ovulation.
Excessive uterine bleeding or discharge (spotting with bloody stains).
Dyspareunia is pain during sexual intercourse.
Discomfortable sensations in the abdominal area, pulling, grasping pain.
In rare cases - general intoxication symptoms.

Prevention

As you know, to prevent any disease, prevention should be carried out. So, a woman should be examined by a gynecologist from time to time, adhere to a diet, and also eliminate irritating factors (overheating, hypothermia, etc.).

Good prevention is the absence of promiscuity, regular sex life, taking contraceptives (hormonal) only when necessary and as prescribed by a doctor, and an active lifestyle. Only then is there a chance that a woman will never develop polyps in the uterus. The causes and various methods of treating them have been studied in detail, but there is always a risk of developing negative consequences.

Modern treatment methods

The earlier a disease is diagnosed, the easier it is to get rid of it, and the less harm it will cause to the body. A small formation can be cured by undergoing a course of anti-inflammatory or hormonal therapy. If the situation has gone too far, the polyps are removed surgically.

Modern techniques are low-traumatic and effective. Polyp removal can be done using hysteroscopy. A special tube is inserted into the uterus, at the end of which there is a microvideo camera. Tweezers are inserted through a special channel, through which the formation is excised; in some cases, instead of tweezers, a loop is used to grasp the polyp around the stalk. This leads to separation of the formation from the uterus. After removal, the place where the tumor was located is cauterized with liquid nitrogen.

When a large cluster of tumors is diagnosed or their size is too large, an additional curettage procedure is performed. This guarantees the complete destruction of such a formation as a uterine polyp. The causes and consequences of surgery have been studied in detail in modern medicine. The risk of relapse remains minimal.

Treatment without surgery

If the patient refuses surgical intervention, and when polyps in the uterus are the result of hormonal imbalance, the doctor can use conservative treatment using various groups of medications:

COCs are combined oral contraceptives. With their help, focal endometriotic hyperplasia is treated. The technique is used mainly in women of the reproductive group, whose age does not exceed 35 years, or in adolescence. High efficiency is achieved when diagnosing. In some cases, the use of contraceptives allows you to avoid curettage in girls with polyps suffering from uterine bleeding. Several tablets are prescribed per day, after which the dosage is gradually reduced.
Gestagens. Preparations with progesterone are taken mainly in the second phase of the cycle. Treatment can last up to six months. The activity of the endocrine system is normalized and the hemostatic effect is realized.
Hormone releasing agonists. Treatment is prescribed to women over 35 years of age, with the elimination of total treatment. The course of therapy is quite long - up to six months.
Antibacterial therapy for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory lesions.
Multivitamin complexes.

Polyps in the uterus, the symptoms and causes of which have been established and are under qualified control, are successfully treated. Regardless of the etiology of the disease, the favorable prognosis is 85%.

Relapses

When diagnosing repeated formations, there is a risk of degeneration of a benign polyp into a malignant one. The probability of such a development of events is low, however, gynecologists recommend taking treatment and hormonal therapy seriously. The main risk factor is adenomatous polyps. After the therapy, the woman is registered with a gynecologist until the cycle is completely normalized.

Consequences

During the postmenopausal period, polyposis often provokes the formation of a malignant tumor. For women of reproductive age, the consequences of this disease can also be no less sad. Thus, polyposis can provoke long-term hormonal imbalance and infertility.

Conclusion

Over the past decades, women of reproductive age and at the menopausal stage who are at risk of developing polyposis have often begun to consult doctors. The causes of the development of the disease are different, with a large number of variations, which leads to an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with polyps in the uterus. What causes them? What are the typical symptoms? All information has been presented above. In any case, it is necessary to understand that the danger lies in the degeneration of the polyp into a malignant formation, which is why it is so important to diagnose the disease in time and begin to treat it at an early stage.

Polyps in the uterus are benign neoplasms, single or multiple, pathologically growing from the basal layer of the endometrium of the uterine body. They can be localized in the body of the uterus, in the cervical canal, in the cervix. Endometrial hyperplasia in places where polyps form can be caused by various reasons.

Polyps in the uterus significantly worsen a woman's quality of life

Reasons why the disease occurs

The exact etiology of the disease is not clear, but there are a number of reasons leading to their formation:

hormonal imbalance;
chronic inflammatory gynecological processes;
surgical operations and manipulations in the body of the uterus and in the cervical area (abortion, curettage, pathological childbirth, removal of the IUD);
other systemic pathologies (endocrine, immune, neurological) may influence.

Polyps are neoplasms on a mushroom-shaped stalk or on a broad base that grow from the endometrial layer; their sizes vary from small, measured in millimeters, to large 2-3 cm. They appear at any age; degeneration into a malignant formation is rarely observed, but can be the cause infertility during reproductive age, if the patient is not cured in time.

Polyps can be located in different parts of the uterus

Classification of neoplasms

Based on the morphological composition of the neoplasm, we can distinguish:

glandular – common in young patients, made of glandular endometrial tissue;
fibrous – found more often in patients over 40 years of age, made of connective tissue with an admixture of glandular tissue;
glandular-fibrous – mixed type, typical for women over 35 years of age;
adenomatous - with signs of the appearance of cancer cells, dangerous for degeneration into a malignant formation (precancerous condition).

There is also such a type of polyp as placental. It can appear after pathological childbirth, miscarriages, as a complication of surgery, if there are areas of placental tissue in areas of the endometrium from which it can form. Such formations, if left untreated, manifest themselves with bleeding, can become infected and threaten the woman’s health.

Despite the low risks of degeneration into cancer, treatment of uterine and cervical polyps involves the selection of material for testing.

During the operation, the doctor takes the resulting tissue for histological examination to determine the presence of atypical cells and decides how to further treat the patient.

There are many types of uterine polyps, but all of them are subject to mandatory treatment

Signs of polyps

The course of the disease in the early stages may not bother the woman. It does not show symptoms and can be accidentally discovered during an examination by a gynecologist if the cervix is affected or during an ultrasound for other reasons. Often, polyps can be discovered when a woman registers for pregnancy or when she seeks help trying to cure infertility. Symptoms appear with large endometrial polyps when localized in the cervical area and look like this:

profuse, painful discharge, bleeding in the middle of the cycle;
cyclical and acyclic bleeding, which can lead to anemia;
pain during sexual intercourse, bleeding;
bleeding during menopause;
if the polyp is large, pain in the lower abdomen may occur;
discharge of leucorrhoea, these symptoms are more common when the cervix is affected;
infertility, miscarriage may occur.

Symptoms of uterine polyps are similar to other gynecological diseases, so differential diagnostic studies are required to treat polyps in the uterus, cervical canal and if the cervix is affected.

Pain in the lower abdomen appears when the polyp reaches a large size

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made based on the patient’s complaints, when she voiced the symptoms, during examination the gynecologist can see a cervical polyp and it can be assumed that they are present in the body of the uterus, because the formations can be multiple. Your doctor may order tests based on your symptoms and examination. The most significant are the following:

hysteroscopy - a thorough endoscopic examination of the endometrium, you can take material for analysis from the cavity and cervix;
metrography - x-ray with a contrast agent, the image clearly shows the size of endometrial growths, localization in the uterus, cervical area;
diagnostic curettage, with collection of the resulting endometrium for analysis.

Hysteroscopy is the most effective diagnostic test. Blind scraping is a thing of the past. Hysteroscopy allows you to precisely examine the uterine cavity, cervical canal and cervical area using optics. To treat this disease through minimally invasive surgery, to take material for examination during surgery in a non-traumatic way, thanks to this, it is possible to preserve the woman’s reproductive function as much as possible.

Sometimes polyps can be diagnosed by a visual examination by a gynecologist.

Treatment

Treatment of polyps can be conservative medication, surgical removal of uterine and cervical polyps with diagnostic endometrial curettage, or complex, with the prescription of hormone therapy if necessary and an anti-inflammatory course after surgery.

Sometimes small polyps can resolve on their own, but you shouldn’t count on that alone. Drug hormonal and anti-inflammatory treatment is effective, but in a small percentage of cases. Treatment of polyps of the uterus and cervix without surgery can be carried out if the polyps are small in size, the symptoms are not pronounced and these are polyps of the glandular and glandular-cystic types.

You can resort to traditional medicine, but discuss this with your doctor.

The endoscopic method using hysteroscopy is optimal. Polypectomy is performed by unscrewing the polyp and cauterizing the attachment site of the pedicle with liquid nitrogen or an electrocoagulator to avoid relapses. After a few days, an ultrasound scan is carried out. After the operation, having received the histology results, the doctor classifies the polyp based on the materials of the altered endometrium.

Removing a polyp with an endoscope is one of the least traumatic methods

If it is a fibrous polyp, anti-inflammatory treatment, antibacterial drugs, painkillers and antispasmodic vaginal and rectal suppositories are prescribed.

If it is glandular or glandular-fibrous, it is indicated to continue treatment with hormonal drugs, which are selected to equalize the woman’s hormonal levels, to adjust her reproductive function, it is also indicated to treat with anti-inflammatory drugs, and use medicinal suppositories as prescribed by the doctor.

It is not always possible to completely cure this disease; it is prone to relapses. If histology confirms an adenomatous polyp, the woman is advised to have the uterus removed, especially during premenopause and after menopause. Hysterectomy surgery is indicated. The question of the volume of the operation and the method of its implementation is decided individually.