Kind and naive Yushka (based on the story “Yushka” by A. Platonov) (1st option). Essay on the work on the topic: Kind and naive Yushka (based on the story “Yushka” by A.P. Platonov) (1)
Kind and warm-hearted Yushka has a rare gift of love. This love is truly holy and pure: “He bent down to the ground and kissed the flowers, trying not to breathe on them so that they would not be spoiled by his breath, he stroked the bark of the trees and picked up butterflies and beetles from the path that had fallen dead, and peered for a long time in their faces, feeling orphaned without them.” Immersing himself in the world of nature, inhaling the aroma of forests and herbs, he rests his soul and even stops feeling his illness (poor Yushka suffers from consumption). He sincerely loves people, especially one orphan whom he raised and educated in Moscow, denying himself everything: he never drank tea or ate sugar, “so that she would eat it.” Every year he goes to visit the girl, bringing money for the whole year so that she can live and study. He loves her more than anything in the world, and she is probably the only one of all people who answers him “with all the warmth and light of her heart.” Having become a doctor, she came to the town to cure Yushka of the illness that was tormenting him. But, unfortunately, it was already too late. Not having time to save her adoptive father, the girl still remains to spread to all people the feelings kindled in her soul by the unfortunate holy fool - her warmth and kindness. She remains to “treat and comfort sick people, without tiring of quenching suffering and delaying death from the weakened.”
All the life of the unfortunate Yushka, everyone beats, insults and offends him. Children and adults make fun of Yushka and reproach him “for his unrequited stupidity.” However, he never shows anger towards people, never responds to their insults. Children throw stones and dirt at him, push him, not understanding why he doesn’t scold them, doesn’t chase them with a twig, like other adults. On the contrary, when he was in real pain, this strange man said: “What are you doing, my dears, what are you doing, little ones!.. You must
Maybe, love me?.. Why do you all need me?..” The naive Yushka sees in the continuous bullying of people a perverted form of self-love: “People love me, Dasha!” - he says to the owner’s daughter. And Yushka dies because his fundamental feeling and conviction that each person “by necessity” is equal to another is insulted. Only after his death it turns out that he was still right in his beliefs: people really needed him.
Platonov affirms in his story the idea of the importance of love and goodness coming from person to person. He strives to bring to life the principle taken from children's fairy tales: nothing is impossible, everything is possible. The author himself said: “We must love the Universe that can be, and not the one that is. The impossible is the bride of humanity, and our souls fly to the impossible...”
Essay on the topic: “What did A. Platonov’s story “Yushka” make me think about?
Answers:
Adults were not much different from children. They called Yushka “blessed”, “animal”. Because of Yushka’s meekness, they became even more bitter and often beat him. One day, after another beating, the blacksmith’s daughter Dasha angrily asked why Yushka even lived in the world. To which he replied that the people love him, the people need him. Dasha objected that people beat Yushka until she bleeds, what kind of love is this. And the old man replied that the people loved him “without a clue”, that “people’s hearts can be blind.” And then one evening a passerby clung to Yushka on the street and pushed the old man so that he fell backward. Yushka never got up again: blood started running down his throat and he died. The author urges us not to become callous, not to harden our hearts. Let our heart “see” the need of every person on earth. After all, all people have the right to life, and Yushka also proved that he did not live it in vain
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1) Features of the genre. The work of A. Platonov “Yushka” belongs to the short story genre.
2) Theme and problems of the story.
The main theme of A. Platonov’s story “Yushka” is the theme of mercy and compassion. Andrei Platonov in his works creates a special one that amazes us, fascinates or bewilders us, but always makes us think deeply. . The main character of the story is Yushka. Kind and warm-hearted Yushka has a rare gift of love. This love is truly holy and pure: “He bent down to the ground and kissed the flowers, trying not to breathe on them so that they would not be spoiled by his breath, he stroked the bark of the trees and picked up butterflies and beetles from the path that had fallen dead, and peered for a long time in their faces, feeling orphaned without them.” Immersing himself in the world of nature, inhaling the aroma of forests and herbs, he rests his soul and even stops feeling his illness (poor Yushka suffers from consumption). He sincerely loves people, especially one orphan whom he raised and educated in Moscow, denying himself everything: he never drank tea or ate sugar, “so that she would eat it.” Every year he goes to visit the girl, bringing money for the whole year so that she can live and study. He loves her more than anything in the world, and she is probably the only one of all people who answers him “with all the warmth and light of her heart.” Dostoevsky wrote: “there is a secret.” Yushka, in his “naked” simplicity, seems frankly understandable to people. But his dissimilarity from everyone irritates not only adults, but also children, and also attracts a person “with a blind heart” to him. All the life of the unfortunate Yushka, everyone beats, insults and offends him. Children and adults make fun of Yushka and reproach him “for his unrequited stupidity.” However, he never shows anger towards people, never responds to their insults. Children throw stones and dirt at him, push him, not understanding why he doesn’t scold them, doesn’t chase them with a twig, like other adults. On the contrary, when he was in real pain, this strange man would say: “What are you doing, my dears, what are you doing, little ones!.. You must love me?.. Why do you all need me?..” The naive Yushka sees in the continuous bullying of people, a perverted form of self-love: “People love me, Dasha!” - he says to the owner’s daughter. Before us is an old-looking man, weak, sick. “He was short and thin; on his wrinkled face, instead of a mustache and beard, sparse gray hairs grew separately; the eyes were white, like a blind man’s, and there was always moisture in them, like never-cooling tears.” For many years he wears the same clothes, reminiscent of rags, without changing. And his table is modest: he did not drink tea and did not buy sugar. He is a handy assistant to the main blacksmith, performing work invisible to the prying eye, although necessary. He is the first to go to the forge in the morning and the last to leave, so old men and women check the beginning and end of the day by him. But in the eyes of adults, fathers and mothers, Yushka is a flawed person, unable to live, abnormal, which is why they remember him when scolding their children: they say, you will be like Yushka. In addition, every year Yushka goes somewhere for a month and then returns. Having gone far from people, Yushka is transformed. It is open to the world: the fragrance of grass, the voice of rivers, the singing of birds, the joy of dragonflies, beetles, grasshoppers - it lives in one breath, one living joy with this world. We see Yushka cheerful and happy. And Yushka dies because his fundamental feeling and conviction that each person “by necessity” is equal to another is insulted. Only after his death it turns out that he was still right in his beliefs: people really needed him.
Why do you think, when calling his character in a story, the writer uses the pronoun he? (to emphasize the character’s impersonality)
What kind of person does Yushka appear to the readers at the beginning of the story? (“old in appearance... short and thin”)
Where did Yushka live and work? (“in the forge on the big Moscow road”)
How did people treat Yushka? (cruelly: they beat him with sticks, mocked him in every possible way)
Describe the main character of the story by A.P. Platonov Yushka. (loves people, good-natured, gentle, hard-working person)
Why did the children bully Yushka especially hard? (“The children... didn’t understand him... They were happy that you could do whatever you wanted with him, but he didn’t do anything to them.”)
How did Yushka himself treat people? (Yushka loved people.) Why?
Where did Yushka leave the forge for one month every summer? (visit the orphan girl he helped)
How did Yushka die? (Once a passer-by pushed Yushka forcefully in the chest, and he had a chest illness. Yushka fell and never got up again - he died.)
How did people begin to live without Yushka? (“However, without Yushka, people’s lives became worse.”) Why? (From now on, people had no one to take out their bitterness and anger on.)
What memory of himself did Yushka leave on earth after his death? (Yushka raised with his small means, denying himself everything, an orphan who, having studied, became a doctor and helped people.)
The image of the adopted daughter Yushka. Having become a doctor, the girl came to the town to cure Yushka of the illness that was tormenting him. But, unfortunately, it was already too late. Not having time to save her adoptive father, the girl still remains to spread to all people the feelings kindled in her soul by the unfortunate holy fool - her warmth and kindness. She remains to “treat and comfort sick people, without tiring of exacerbating suffering and delaying death from the weakened.”
Andrei Platonov in his works creates a special world that amazes us, fascinates or bewilders us, but always makes us think deeply. The writer reveals to us the beauty and greatness, kindness and openness of ordinary people who are able to endure the unbearable, to survive in conditions in which it would seem impossible to survive. Such people, according to the author, can transform the world. The hero of the story “Yushka” appears before us as such an extraordinary person.
Kind and warm-hearted Yushka has a rare gift of love. This love is truly holy and pure: “He bent down to the ground and kissed the flowers, trying not to breathe on them so that they would not be spoiled by his breath, he stroked the bark of the trees and picked up butterflies and beetles from the path that had fallen dead, and peered for a long time in their faces, feeling orphaned without them.” Immersing himself in the world of nature, inhaling the aroma of forests and herbs, he rests his soul and even stops feeling his illness (poor Yushka suffers from consumption). He sincerely loves people, especially one orphan whom he raised and educated in Moscow, denying himself everything: he never drank tea or ate sugar, “so that she would eat it.” Every year he goes to visit the girl, bringing money for the whole year so that she can live and study. He loves her more than anything in the world, and she is probably the only one of all people who answers him “with all the warmth and light of her heart.” Having become a doctor, she came to the town to cure Yushka of the illness that was tormenting him. But, unfortunately, it was already too late. Not having time to save her adoptive father, the girl still remains to spread to all people the feelings kindled in her soul by the unfortunate holy fool - her warmth and kindness. She remains to “treat and comfort sick people, without tiring of quenching suffering and delaying death from the weakened.”
All the life of the unfortunate Yushka, everyone beats, insults and offends him. Children and adults make fun of Yushka and reproach him “for his unrequited stupidity.” However, he never shows anger towards people, never responds to their insults. Children throw stones and dirt at him, push him, not understanding why he doesn’t scold them, doesn’t chase them with a twig, like other adults. On the contrary, when he was in real pain, this strange man said: “What are you doing, my dears, what are you doing, little ones!.. You must
maybe you love me?.. Why do you all need me?..” The naive Yushka sees in the continuous bullying of people a perverted form of self-love: “People love me, Dasha!” - he says to the owner’s daughter. And Yushka dies because his fundamental feeling and conviction that each person “by necessity” is equal to another is insulted. Only after his death it turns out that he was still right in his beliefs: people really needed him.
Platonov affirms in his story the idea of the importance of love and goodness coming from person to person. He strives to bring to life the principle taken from children's fairy tales: nothing is impossible, everything is possible. The author himself said: “We must love the Universe that can be, and not the one that is. The impossible is the bride of humanity, and our souls fly to the impossible...”
The works of Andrei Platonov have that magical quality that makes us think about many things around us. Some situations that are described in his stories cause us some bewilderment and provoke us to protest. .
This is the strong side of his work that does not leave the reader indifferent. The writer masterfully reveals to us the essence of the beauty and sincerity of ordinary people, who, thanks to their deep inner filling, change the world for the better.
The story "Yushka" - the tragedy of a hero
The main character of the story “Yushka” is a man who has an unsurpassed sense of understanding and love of nature. He treats her like a living being. The kindness and warmth of his soul has no boundaries. Having a terrible illness, he does not complain about life, but perceives it as a real precious gift. Yushka has real spiritual nobility: he believes that all people are equal and deserve happiness.
The tragedy of the story lies in the fact that the people around him do not perceive poor Yushka as a person; they make fun of his foolishness and insult him in every possible way at the first opportunity. Children, following the examples of adults, throw stones at him and offend him with contemptuous words.
However, our hero perceives this as love for himself, because in his worldview there are no concepts of hatred, ridicule and contempt. The only person who treated him with gratitude and love was the orphan he raised.
The girl became a doctor and returned to her native village to cure her adopted father, but it was too late for Yushka to end his difficult journey in life. But still, she decides to stay in the village to help people. Thus, she continues Yushka’s mission with only one difference: he treated their souls, and she treated their bodies.
Only after his death were people around him able to truly appreciate the kind of person he was. An epiphany dawned on them: Yushka was better than all of them put together, because no one could love and admire the world around him as sincerely as he did. The advice that the unfortunate holy fool gave during his life, which previously seemed stupid, acquired in their eyes real philosophy and wisdom of life.
Morality as the basis of the characters of Platonov’s heroes
In his work, Platonov shows us the need to be more open to the surrounding perception. In pursuit of illusory goals, we lose real priorities, which are love and understanding.
And instead of listening to people who are trying to show by their own example all the morality and spirituality of a person, we mercilessly push them away from ourselves.
The language of the era in the story: the relevance of the topic
The situation described in the work is very typical for the beginning of the 20th century, in which society forgot absolutely all the values that were previously inherent in its people. However, the work will remain relevant in any era, because even in the modern world, society primarily pursues material values, completely forgetting about spirituality.
