home Diseases European recommendations for the treatment of bladder polyps. Cholesterol polyps in the gallbladder: causes and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Dynamic observation by a doctor for hereditary predisposition

European recommendations for the treatment of bladder polyps. Cholesterol polyps in the gallbladder: causes and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Dynamic observation by a doctor for hereditary predisposition

Polyps in the gallbladder are a fairly common problem. Interestingly, statistics indicate that women aged thirty are more prone to this disease. In themselves, such formations do not pose a health hazard, but nevertheless, their malignant degeneration is quite often observed.

Polyps in the gallbladder and the reasons for their formation

In most cases, a polyp is a small formation consisting of a head and a stalk, with the help of which it is attached to the wall of the gallbladder. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to find out the reasons for the appearance of such structures. Nevertheless, it has been proven that there is a genetic predisposition to such a disease. In addition, people with chronic inflammation of the gallbladder are at risk, as this leads to changes in the structure of the organ and the proliferation of epithelial tissues.

Polyps in the gallbladder and their types

Today, polyps are usually divided into four main types:

Cholesterol polyps are small, raised formations on the wall of the gallbladder containing deposits of cholesterol;
inflammatory are formed as a result of the inflammatory process in the tissues of the wall and the subsequent proliferation of the epithelium;
adenoma also belongs to the group of benign polyps and is a proliferation of glandular tissue;
papilloma is a papillary growth of the mucous membrane.

Polyps in the gallbladder: symptoms of the disease

In most cases, polyps do not cause any external symptoms - they are discovered quite accidentally during an ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs. Only in some cases do patients complain of mild pain in the right hypochondrium, which is usually associated with eating. If the polyp greatly increases in size, then the picture of the disease may be completely different. Sometimes such a formation can partially or completely block the bile ducts, which leads to attacks of acute hepatic colic. This condition is accompanied by nausea, vomiting and sharp, severe pain on the right side of the abdomen.

Polyps in the gallbladder: treatment

Despite the fact that polyps rarely cause any inconvenience to the patient, therapy is still necessary here, because there is a huge probability of malignant degeneration. Conservative treatment is possible only in cases where cholesterol polyps are involved. Then the patient is prescribed choleretic drugs and is also put on a special diet. In all other cases, doctors recommend surgical removal of tumors.

Polyps in the gallbladder: surgical treatment methods

Polyps should be removed if they are constantly growing, large, or causing pain and discomfort. In most cases, the surgeon removes the polyps along with the gallbladder - this operation is relatively safe for health. Today, there is also a new endoscopic technique that allows you to remove only tumors and leave the gallbladder.

Polyps are growths on the skin or mucous membrane of hollow organs, externally resembling the well-known warts. Polyps can be single or multiple (in this case they speak of polyposis), most often they sit on a wide base, less often they have a short or long leg, which allows them to move slightly along the walls when moving.

In the last decade, thanks to the widespread use of ultrasound scanning methods in the diagnosis of diseases of the abdominal organs, and primarily the hepatobiliary system (liver, gallbladder and pancreas), the detection of polypoid neoplasms of the gallbladder has increased. According to the latest statistics, polypoid formations are diagnosed in 5-6% of patients, of which 80% are in patients over 35-40 years of age.

The main types of polyps and polyp-like formations of the gallbladder

True polyps refer to neoplasms emanating from the mucous membrane of the gallbladder - its epithelium - papillomas and glands - adenomas. In 75-90% of cases these are benign neoplasms, which in some cases degenerate into malignant tumors - adenocarcinomas. Moreover, this is more often observed in persons suffering from cholelithiasis. Very often these tumors are asymptomatic or accompanied by clinical manifestations of cholecystitis.

Polyps are pseudotumors. Externally, these formations do not differ from polyps, but in their anatomical structure they have nothing to do with tumors, but represent local changes in the wall of the bladder. In 60% of cases these are cholesterol deposits - cholesterol polyps, which are a consequence of impaired lipid metabolism in the body. If they exist for a long time, calcium salts can be deposited in them, which makes ultrasound scanning very similar to parietal stones fixed to the wall of the bladder. Another type of pseudopolyps is local swelling or growth (hyperplasia) of the mucous membrane - inflammatory polyps, which, as a rule, disappear or significantly decrease when the inflammatory process in the gallbladder is eliminated.

Basic principles of diagnosis and treatment of polypoid formations of the gallbladder

The main method for identifying polyps is an ultrasound examination of the gallbladder performed on an empty stomach. Thanks to this, more than 90% of all polypoid formations are detected; polyps can also be detected by magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasonography, oral cholecystography, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Treatment of gallbladder polyps is usually surgical; most often in Russia, cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder) is performed, especially in case of polyposis. But now there are other, more complex, but organ-preserving methods for removing single polypoid formations - polypectomy using endoscopic intraductal access.

Most often, the main criterion for surgical treatment of a polyp is its size is more than 10 mm; operations are also carried out in cases of a burdened hereditary history, if there is cholelithiasis. But in recent years, it has been established that adenocarcinomas subject to successful surgical treatment, as a rule, should not exceed 5-7 mm in size, therefore many surgeons prefer to perform laparoscopic operations on precisely these sizes of polypoid formation.

Conservative treatment of polypoid formations is effective only if they are inflammatory polyps, which are a local manifestation of cholecystitis and disappear along with inflammation. But even in this case, it is necessary to carry out periodic monitoring (ultrasound) of the condition of the gallbladder.

Today we will talk about:

Gallbladder polyposis is one of those diseases that is often detected only in the ultrasound room. Agree, this is a complete surprise for a person who considered himself absolutely healthy. Why this happens and what to expect from the disease, we will understand in the article.

There is no doubt about the insidiousness of gallbladder polyposis: after the formation of polyps, a person has no idea about anything for a long time, because there are no symptoms of what happened.

What do polyps look like?

The term “polyp” refers to an abnormal growth of the mucous membrane of any organ of the human body. So, gallbladder polyps, in fact, are processes of its mucous tissue that protrude into the internal lumen of the organ. The nature of the polyp is benign.

These round formations are concentrated on the neck of the gallbladder or on its wide base. In principle, a polyp can grow in any part of the organ. When the localization of polyps in the gallbladder cavity becomes multiple, they speak of polyposis.

The disease is most often diagnosed in women after 35 years of age - this is 80% of cases of the total number of cases.

What may indicate a disease

A clear clinical picture of polyposis, as already noted, is absent, and this despite the fact that the disease most often occurs due to an inflammatory process in the tissues of the gallbladder. However, nonspecific signs of pathology are still present. For example, if the development of polyposis was preceded by biliary dyskinesia, the patient is often bothered by pain in the upper abdomen on the right. The pain, which only increases after eating, is sharp, pulling or cutting in nature.

The appearance of unpleasant discomfort is due to the fact that a polyp that has grown in the cavity of the duct or near its mouth blocks the path for the discharge of bile and contributes to its stagnation. If fatty and difficult-to-digest foods often appear on a sick person’s menu, then as the polyps grow, he systematically begins to suffer from nausea, bloating, sour belching, weight loss with normal appetite and nutrition, and constipation. Symptoms also include yellowing of the sclera of the eyeballs and skin.

The causes of polyps and signs of polyposis are in many ways reminiscent of another common disease of the gallbladder - cholecystitis. At the slightest suspicion of polyposis, the doctor must find out the real state of affairs as quickly as possible: in more than 45% of cases, benign polyps eventually develop into malignant formations.

Reasons for the formation of polyps in the gallbladder

There are several factors contributing to the abnormal transformation of the mucous membrane of the gallbladder:

A fat metabolism disorder, the source of which lies primarily in the liver. This organ is very sensitive to fatty, fried and rough foods. And although the liver is capable of courageously cleansing the body of toxins that come with food for a long time, with age it also gets tired. Then lipids begin to accumulate in the body, the excess of which settles on the inner lining of the gallbladder. Over time, they transform into growths like polyps.
Other organ pathologies. Inflammation can serve as the beginning of the development of cholecystitis, cholangitis and cholelithiasis. In places where the inflammatory process severely affects the mucous membrane, individual areas of tissue swell, forming polyps.
Genetics. People suffering from gallbladder polyposis are likely to pass the disease on to future generations.
Autoimmune diseases. Their influence and relationship with polyposis has not been sufficiently studied. No one is immune from an arbitrary malfunction in the immune system, and it can manifest itself in any way, including gallbladder polyposis.

Considering the reason for the formation of polyposis, it is divided into true and false. The true disease develops due to lipomas, fibrolipomas and other true formations of the mucous membrane. A false type of disease appears when, due to impaired lipid metabolism, cholesterol polyps “grow” in the gallbladder or abscesses appear due to inflammation.

How can a disease be detected?

Due to the lack of a clear clinical picture of polyposis, treatment for a patient complaining of pain in the right hypochondrium can only be prescribed after detailed diagnostic studies. First of all, these include:

Ultrasound. During the procedure, in the cavity of the gallbladder, the specialist will see round polyps that fit tightly to the walls of the organ. Unlike stones in gallstone disease, such formations do not move if the patient changes body position;
endoscopic endosonography. The procedure allows you to study the structure of the polyp and the place where it appeared;
magnetic resonance cholangiography. A study of this kind gives the specialist the opportunity to examine the cavity of the gallbladder and its ducts for other abnormal formations;
CT scan. With an examination of this kind, it is possible not only to identify large tumors in the gallbladder and liver, but also to suggest whether their benign nature can change to malignant.

Treatment of pathology

So, we found out that polyps would be very harmless growths, if not for their ability to transform into a tumor dangerous to human health. This means that the disease must be treated without fail, and the sooner the better.

Treatment of gallbladder polyposis is exclusively surgical. If a small (up to 1 cm) round pedunculated polyp is detected in the organ cavity, the doctor will most likely take a wait-and-see approach: the neoplasm will be closely monitored for 2 years, with examinations every six months. If the stalk of the polyp is wide, there is a risk of it going into the stage of a malignant growth, so it needs to be examined approximately once every 3 months. These actions can in principle be called conservative treatment of the disease.

If possible, it is better to be examined by one specialist using the same device. If a growth in the gallbladder of 4 mm in size begins to grow, surgical intervention will be the only correct solution. Large polyps (at least 10 mm), which have a clearly defined vascular pedicle, must be operated on immediately - the risk of developing a malignant tumor is too great.

If polyps arose due to an inflammatory reaction, it makes sense to carry out anti-inflammatory therapy, as a result of which the growths sometimes decrease and even disappear. However, no one can know how a cluster of uncontrolled cells will behave, so experts are still inclined towards surgical treatment of polyposis. The patient is operated on endoscopically, provided that there is no inflammatory process.

PoMedicine warns that while expecting a baby, due to a hormonal surge, the growth of polyps is activated. That is why it is imperative to get rid of growths before conception, at the stage of pregnancy planning.

Indications for immediate surgery may be as follows:

active increase in polyps (more than 2 mm per month), especially if there are multiple growths;
the presence of a polyp larger than 1 cm;
polyps cause pain from which the patient suffers;
the formation of polyps is accompanied by cholelithiasis;
presence of cancer heredity.

The specifics of the surgical intervention and the timing of its implementation are prescribed exclusively by the attending physician, who will first study and evaluate the characteristics of neoplasms in the gallbladder and the general condition of the patient.

There is no doubt about the insidiousness of gallbladder polyposis: after the formation of polyps, a person has no idea about anything for a long time, because there are no symptoms of what happened.

What do polyps look like?

The term “polyp” refers to an abnormal growth of the mucous membrane of any organ of the human body. Thus, polyps of the gallbladder, in fact, are processes of its mucous tissue that protrude into the internal lumen of the organ. The nature of the polyp is benign.

The disease is most often diagnosed in women after 35 years of age - this is 80% of cases of the total number of cases.

What may indicate a disease

The appearance of unpleasant discomfort is due to the fact that a polyp that has grown in the cavity of the duct or near its mouth blocks the path for the discharge of bile and contributes to its stagnation. If fatty and difficult-to-digest foods often appear on a sick person’s menu, then as the polyps grow, he systematically begins to suffer from sour belching, bitterness in the mouth, weight loss with normal appetite and nutrition, and constipation. Symptoms also include yellowing of the sclera of the eyeballs and skin.

Reasons for the formation of polyps in the gallbladder

There are several factors contributing to the abnormal transformation of the mucous membrane of the gallbladder:

A fat metabolism disorder, the source of which lies primarily in the liver. This organ is very sensitive to fatty, fried and rough foods. And although the liver is capable of courageously cleansing the body of toxins that come with food for a long time, with age it also gets tired. Then lipids begin to accumulate in the body, the excess of which settles on the inner lining of the gallbladder. Over time, they transform into growths like polyps.
Other organ pathologies. Inflammation can serve as the beginning of the development of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. In places where the inflammatory process severely affects the mucous membrane, individual areas of tissue swell, forming polyps.
Genetics. People suffering from gallbladder polyposis are likely to pass the disease on to future generations.
Autoimmune diseases. Their influence and relationship with polyposis has not been sufficiently studied. No one is immune from an arbitrary malfunction in the immune system, and it can manifest itself in any way, including gallbladder polyposis.

How can a disease be detected?

Ultrasound. During the procedure, in the cavity of the gallbladder, the specialist will see round polyps that fit tightly to the walls of the organ. Unlike stones in gallstone disease, such formations do not move if the patient changes body position;
endoscopic endosonography. The procedure allows you to study the structure of the polyp and the place where it appeared;
magnetic resonance cholangiography. A study of this kind gives the specialist the opportunity to examine the cavity of the gallbladder and its ducts for other abnormal formations;
CT scan. With an examination of this kind, it is possible not only to identify large tumors in the gallbladder and liver, but also to suggest whether their benign nature can change to malignant.

Treatment of pathology

MirSovetov warns that while expecting a baby, due to a hormonal surge, the growth of polyps is activated. That is why it is imperative to get rid of growths before conception, at the stage of pregnancy planning.

Indications for immediate surgery may be as follows:

active increase in polyps (more than 2 mm per month), especially if there are multiple growths;
the presence of a polyp larger than 1 cm;
polyps cause pain from which the patient suffers;
the formation of polyps is accompanied by cholelithiasis;
presence of cancer heredity.

How to prevent the development of dangerous formations in the gallbladder

There are no specific methods for preventing the appearance of growths in the gallbladder cavity. However, if they have already appeared there, it makes sense to adhere to a proper diet and eat high-quality and balanced food. The presence of fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet is of no small importance. In no case should we forget about moderate physical activity, which can safely be called a catalyst for many metabolic processes in the body.

The presence of even small polyps in the gallbladder is a serious reason for regular ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity. This is the only way to reduce the risk of developing a dangerous cancer.

Women aged 40 years and older, as well as elderly men, are at risk of developing a pathological condition such as gallbladder polyposis. When a diagnosis is made in connection with polyps, a mistake can be made, as a result of which other specific multiple formations are mistaken for the formation. Considering all this, as well as the criticality of the condition, it should be borne in mind that there must be a precisely defined cause, the main symptoms of its occurrence. It is after this that we can and will need to talk about curing polyposis, which can be really very dangerous, and therefore treatment is simply necessary.

Briefly about the classification of polyps in the gallbladder

Speaking about the classification of gallbladder polyps, you need to pay close attention to the following subtypes:

cholesterol - in fact, they are the deposition of a certain amount of cholesterol on the mucous membrane of the bile lining. They are the most common variety and we can say with confidence that they only create the impression of stones directly in the bladder;
adenomatous - a formation that occurs as a result of polypoid proliferation of cells and is a classic subtype. Thus, it is characteristic of the vast majority of organs, and its treatment should begin as early as possible in order to eliminate all negative symptoms;
inflammatory – a neoplasm that has formed as a result of inflammatory algorithms in the area of the mucous membrane of the organ. This provokes further growth of the inner tissue covering of the bladder. Experts call such polyposis pseudotumors.

Causes of polyposis

Experts identify a number of factors that have a decisive influence on the occurrence of gallbladder polyposis. First of all, treatment is very important in the presence of a hereditary predisposition. We should also not forget that all negative symptoms can also occur with congenital pathology in the structure of the mucous surface of the organ. Another reason is an incorrectly composed diet, namely an abundance of food containing cholesterol, which can and should be avoided. And finally, experts pay attention to cholecystitis diagnosed in chronic form.

It is strongly recommended to pay special attention to the fact that the pathology affects females much more often, indicating a connection between the disease and the hormones of the female body. For example, pregnancy should be considered a prerequisite for the appearance of a polyp in the area of the gallbladder. Before talking about how treatment should be carried out, you can and should pay attention to the symptoms of polyposis. This is what will allow us to much better understand the nature of the disease presented.

Symptoms of pathology

The complexity and criticality of the presented disease lies in the fact that symptoms indicating a gallbladder polyp do not form in optimal health.

Experts identify cases of unexpected detection of an illness during an examination of a healthy person. Less often we can talk about such signs of polyposis as painful impulses in the area of the right side.

You should also pay attention to significant discomfort in the area of the right hypochondrium, intolerance to any food products. The occurrence of painful or simply extremely pronounced symptoms, as a rule, indicates that the disease is degenerating into another ailment. Considering the presented symptoms, it is strongly recommended to pay attention to the diagnosis of pathology. This is what will make it possible in the future to begin treatment of polyposis, which traditionally consists of removing such tumors in the area of the gallbladder.

How to detect the presence of polyposis?

There are only two methods for diagnosing the disease: ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasonography. It is strongly recommended to pay attention to the following:

Ultrasound in the presented situation should be perceived as the most accessible method;
endoscopic ultrasonography is characterized by the clearest display of formation, because it involves the use of high frequencies;
The difficulty of the examination lies in the significant discomfort of the procedure. As you know, to implement it, a person will need to swallow a flexible endoscope with an ultrasound sensor at the end;
after its penetration into the duodenum area, the specialist will be able to accurately determine the current state of the gallbladder. It is after this that we can talk about starting treatment and eliminating all negative symptoms.

Features of treatment

In the case of gallbladder polyposis, experts indicate a treatment that will include either surgical removal or the use of certain medications. Regardless of the specific reasons that influenced the formation of the pathology, the patient will require additional special dietary nutrition. It is also necessary to remember that if specific signs of polyposis appear, then the treatment of neoplasms in the gallbladder area turns out to be much more complex and lengthy.

Surgical method

The main surgical technique for removing polyps is cholecystectomy. It is divided into three leading directions, the first of which is traditional. It is performed using a special oblique incision in the peritoneum. Next, the video laparoscopic technique should be noted. It involves providing free access to the problem organ without any incisions. While the operation itself will be monitored by special video cameras.

A third method that also provides treatment is an open laparoscopic procedure. Its advantage is that it is performed with minimal incisions. You should also pay attention to another surgical method, which is the most radical. We are talking about the surgical removal of polyps in the gallbladder, which, however, is not always possible. This may be due, in particular, to the need to preserve the organ itself.

It is precisely when it is impossible to remove it that experts insist that treatment be carried out using conservative methods.

Conservative

This restorative tactic involves the dissolution of neoplasms due to acids contained in some drugs. It is strongly recommended to pay attention to the following:

for example, it could be Ursofalk or Ursosan, the use of which can continue for several months;
in addition, treatment of polyposis in the gallbladder with the help of medicinal components involves the use of a whole course of drugs;
they are necessary because they make it possible to improve the properties and algorithm of bile circulation;
in combination with classical methods, the treatment of polyps in the gallbladder area using folk remedies is being actively introduced.

Diet Basics

Nutrition in this disease plays, without exaggeration, a colossal role, because even with the most minor failure, the excretion of bile from the human body is disrupted. In general, dietary nutrition for polyps determines everything that a patient can consume in order to prevent the development of complications. The diet will include food that is rich in minerals, vitamin components and completely excludes items that contain cholesterol.

The most suitable in the presented situation will be dietary table No. 5. The patient's diet must necessarily include vegetable soups, cereals, lean boiled meat and fish, as well as vegetables. A significant number of drinks that boast a choleretic effect on the body are highly recommended. Four meals a day must be provided.

Why is it dangerous and what are the consequences?

The danger of gallbladder polyps, first of all, will lie in the likelihood of degeneration of a benign formation into a malignant one. However, the main factors resulting in oncological pathologies, as well as the causes of the polyp itself, are not fully understood. At the same time, gallbladder oncology is a fairly common disease.

Important!

HOW TO SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE RISK OF CANCER?

Time limit: 0

Navigation (job numbers only)

0 out of 9 tasks completed

Information

TAKE THE FREE TEST! Thanks to detailed answers to all questions at the end of the test, you can REDUCE the likelihood of disease by several times!

You have already taken the test before. You can't start it again.

Test loading...

You must log in or register in order to begin the test.

You must complete the following tests to start this one:

results

Time is over

1.Can cancer be prevented?
The occurrence of a disease such as cancer depends on many factors. No person can ensure complete safety for himself. But everyone can significantly reduce the chances of developing a malignant tumor.

2.How does smoking affect the development of cancer?
Absolutely, categorically forbid yourself from smoking. Everyone is already tired of this truth. But quitting smoking reduces the risk of developing all types of cancer. Smoking is associated with 30% of deaths from cancer. In Russia, lung tumors kill more people than tumors of all other organs.
Eliminating tobacco from your life is the best prevention. Even if you smoke not a pack a day, but only half a day, the risk of lung cancer is already reduced by 27%, as the American Medical Association found.

3.Does excess weight affect the development of cancer?
Look at the scales more often! Extra pounds will affect more than just your waist. The American Institute for Cancer Research has found that obesity promotes the development of tumors of the esophagus, kidneys and gallbladder. The fact is that adipose tissue not only serves to preserve energy reserves, it also has a secretory function: fat produces proteins that affect the development of a chronic inflammatory process in the body. And oncological diseases appear against the background of inflammation. In Russia, WHO associates 26% of all cancer cases with obesity.

4.Do exercise help reduce the risk of cancer?
Spend at least half an hour a week training. Sport is on the same level as proper nutrition when it comes to cancer prevention. In the United States, a third of all deaths are attributed to the fact that patients did not follow any diet or pay attention to physical exercise. The American Cancer Society recommends exercising 150 minutes a week at a moderate pace or half as much but at a vigorous pace. However, a study published in the journal Nutrition and Cancer in 2010 shows that even 30 minutes can reduce the risk of breast cancer (which affects one in eight women worldwide) by 35%.

5.How does alcohol affect cancer cells?
Less alcohol! Alcohol has been blamed for causing tumors of the mouth, larynx, liver, rectum and mammary glands. Ethyl alcohol breaks down in the body to acetaldehyde, which is then converted into acetic acid under the action of enzymes. Acetaldehyde is a strong carcinogen. Alcohol is especially harmful for women, as it stimulates the production of estrogens - hormones that affect the growth of breast tissue. Excess estrogen leads to the formation of breast tumors, which means that every extra sip of alcohol increases the risk of getting sick.

6.Which cabbage helps fight cancer?
Love broccoli. Vegetables not only contribute to a healthy diet, but they also help fight cancer. This is also why recommendations for healthy eating contain the rule: half of the daily diet should be vegetables and fruits. Particularly useful are cruciferous vegetables, which contain glucosinolates - substances that, when processed, acquire anti-cancer properties. These vegetables include cabbage: regular cabbage, Brussels sprouts and broccoli.

7. Red meat affects which organ cancer?
The more vegetables you eat, the less red meat you put on your plate. Research has confirmed that people who eat more than 500g of red meat per week have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer.

8.Which of the proposed remedies protect against skin cancer?
Stock up on sunscreen! Women aged 18–36 are especially susceptible to melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer. In Russia, in just 10 years, the incidence of melanoma has increased by 26%, world statistics show an even greater increase. Both tanning equipment and sun rays are blamed for this. The danger can be minimized with a simple tube of sunscreen. A 2010 study in the Journal of Clinical Oncology confirmed that people who regularly apply a special cream have half the incidence of melanoma than those who neglect such cosmetics.
You need to choose a cream with a protection factor of SPF 15, apply it even in winter and even in cloudy weather (the procedure should turn into the same habit as brushing your teeth), and also not expose it to the sun's rays from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.

9. Do you think stress affects the development of cancer?
Stress itself does not cause cancer, but it weakens the entire body and creates conditions for the development of this disease. Research has shown that constant worry alters the activity of immune cells responsible for triggering the fight-and-flight mechanism. As a result, a large amount of cortisol, monocytes and neutrophils, which are responsible for inflammatory processes, constantly circulate in the blood. And as already mentioned, chronic inflammatory processes can lead to the formation of cancer cells.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME! IF THE INFORMATION WAS NECESSARY, YOU CAN LEAVE A FEEDBACK IN THE COMMENTS AT THE END OF THE ARTICLE! WE WILL BE GRATEFUL TO YOU!

With answer
With a viewing mark

Task 1 of 9
Can cancer be prevented?
Task 2 of 9
How does smoking affect the development of cancer?
Task 3 of 9
Does excess weight affect the development of cancer?
Task 4 of 9
Does exercise help reduce the risk of cancer?
Task 5 of 9
How does alcohol affect cancer cells?