Why is somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system dangerous? Vegetative-vascular dystonia. Causes, symptoms and treatment of pathology Vegetative disorders symptoms

Autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the normal response of blood vessels to certain stimuli is lost.

Therefore, in some cases, their strong narrowing occurs, and in others - expansion. All this negatively affects the general well-being.

Autonomic dysfunction syndrome can simulate various pathological processes, as it has similar clinical symptoms with migraine, myocardial infarction, osteochondrosis and other pathologies.

This leads to diagnostic errors and treatment failure.

somatoform disorder

Somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is a condition in which signs of damage to a particular organ are determined based on patient complaints that do not have an organic pathology.

This means that a person makes complaints similar to a certain disease, and when examining a patient, no abnormalities are detected.

The basis of this condition is a violation of the autonomic nervous system, which controls the normal functioning of any organ in the human body.

There are several types of somatoform autonomic dysfunction:

• cardiovascular form, including neurocirculatory dystonia and cardioneurosis;
• dysfunction of the upper digestive system - psychogenic aerophagia and dyspepsia, causeless coughing, pylorospasm, stomach neurosis;
• dysfunction of the lower parts of the digestive system - irritable bowel syndrome, flatulence, psychogenic diarrhea;
• respiratory form - psychogenic cough and / or shortness of breath, hyperventilation syndrome of the lungs;
• genitourinary form - dysuria and psychogenic pollakiuria;
• dysfunction of other systems.

What causes the disorder?

The reasons leading to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system are different.

It is customary to divide them into three main groups, namely:

• stress and nervous disorders;
• damage to subcortical structures, which can occur during childbirth and after traumatic brain injury;
• constant irritation of the peripheral nerves, which occurs with premenstrual syndrome, urolithiasis and cervical dorsopathy.

Clinical manifestations

The symptoms are very varied. Depending on the form, they may be as follows:

The course of the disease can be critical. In this case, among the complete well-being, pronounced clinical symptoms appear that cause causeless fear in a person.

After the cessation of exposure to the provoking factor, all clinical signs regress. Usually, depending on the form, the crisis can end with either profuse urination or diarrhea.

Diagnostic methods

Autonomic dysfunction implies the exclusion of any organic lesions of the nervous system and other organs.

For this purpose, a comprehensive examination of the patient is carried out, which includes such diagnostic tests as:

• electroencephalography;
• computed tomography of the brain;
• ultrasound examination of internal organs;
• biochemical blood tests about urine and other studies.

Features of the syndrome in children

The diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction syndrome in children and adolescents is quite legitimate.

The development of this pathology is based on an imbalance in the work of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

If there is an increased activation of one, then the other compensatory enhances its work.

However, in children with the disorder, there is no secondary activation of another part of the autonomic nervous system. This leads to the appearance of clinical signs of the disease.

In children, the following factors predispose to the development of the syndrome:

• burdened heredity;
• unfavorable climate in the family;
• injuries received during childbirth and after birth;
• infectious diseases;
• increased workload at school;
• physical overstrain (visiting a large number of sections);
• sedentary rhythm of life;
• hormonal changes in puberty and prepubertal period;
• smoking;
• alcohol consumption by children;
• obesity.

Therapeutic influence on these factors in childhood can lead to a complete cure.

Otherwise, the disease passes into adulthood, leading to periodic crises. In this situation, it is no longer possible to cure the disease.

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It is possible to get rid of the syndrome

Treatment of autonomic dysfunction is conservative. It is aimed at eliminating the causative factor and normalizing well-being.

Therapy can be prescribed by both a neurologist and a general practitioner.

Treatment Goals

Patient care has several goals:

• normalization of psycho-emotional status (elimination of nervous stress);
• treatment of the underlying disease;
• relief of the main clinical manifestations of autonomic dysfunction;
• prevention of vegetative crises.

Treatment Methods

Emergency care is required in the development of a crisis against the background of autonomic dysfunction. It varies somewhat depending on the type of crisis.

If we are talking about a crisis against the background of nervous overstrain, then first aid consists in sublingual administration of phenazepam.

Usually, in patients suffering from this disease, this drug is always with them. But if suddenly it was not there, then you can take Corvalol - dissolve 50 drops in water and drink b.

When providing emergency care to a patient with a developed crisis against the background of damage to subcortical structures, the only effective method of treatment is the use of phenazepam.

The best ways to administer it are sublingual (under the tongue) or intramuscular.

Long-term therapy of autonomic dysfunction is carried out with tranquilizers. These drugs reduce the risk pathological activation of the autonomic system, which leads to the normalization of the general well-being of the patient.

One of the highly effective drugs in the treatment of this pathology is Teraligen. It has a complex effect on the body, eliminating the development of pathogenetic links of vegetative disorders.

Its main therapeutic effects are:

• decrease in nervousness;
• a decrease in the synthesis of histamine, which enhances the negative consequences of the activation of the autonomic system;
• reduced spasm of smooth muscles;
• prevention of vomiting and relief of nausea;
• fight against insomnia;
• reduction of anxiety;
• elimination of cough;
• relief of pruritus.

The use of this drug can reduce the frequency of vegetative crises and their severity.

In addition, such patients during the development of a crisis are able to independently provide themselves with emergency care, as they clearly know what needs to be done and how not to get confused in this situation.

Difficulties in therapy

In the process of treating autonomic dysfunction, certain difficulties may arise that reduce the effectiveness of the therapy.

These include the following:

• the presence of a concomitant disease that exacerbates the course of autonomic dysfunction;
• pregnancy limiting the use of psychotropic drugs;
• lack of adherence of patients to treatment;
• impact of various stress factors on the body.

Complications and prognosis

In the absence of timely treatment of autonomic dysfunction, the following complications develop:

• sympathadrenal crises;
• parasympathetic crises.

The prognosis of this disease is favorable. Treatment is effective in almost 90% of patients.

Preventive measures

Preventive measures for autonomic dysfunction are:

• commitment to a healthy lifestyle;
• sufficient sleep time;
• reduction of stress on the nervous system;
• quitting smoking and drinking alcohol;
• optimal pace of physical activity.

Thus, autonomic dysfunction is characterized by the presence of disturbances in the nervous regulation of the work of certain organs, while organic pathology is not detected in them.

Stress plays an important role in the development of this disease.. However, this is not the only risk factor, so their effective elimination will normalize the general condition of a person.

In addition, effective treatment requires pharmacological therapy, which is selected either by a neurologist or a therapist (general practitioner).

The concept of "syndrome" means a set of certain symptoms that occur in the presence of certain pathological processes in the body. Dysfunction is a violation of the functioning of organs, in this case, the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It is responsible for all body functions that are not controlled by consciousness: breathing, heartbeat, blood flow, etc. An ANS disorder begins to develop in childhood and can accompany a person into adulthood. This condition worsens the quality of life, but with proper treatment it can be managed.

What is autonomic dysfunction

The complex of central and peripheral cellular structures that regulate the functional level of the body, which ensures an adequate response of all its systems, is the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It is also called visceral, autonomous and ganglionic. This part of the nervous system regulates the work of:

• glands of internal and external secretion;
• blood and lymph vessels;
• internal organs.

The ANS plays a leading role in ensuring the constancy of the internal environment of the body and in adaptive reactions. This part of the nervous system works unconsciously, helping a person to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Anatomically and functionally, the ANS is divided into the following sections:

1. Sympathetic. Increases heart rate, increases heart function, weakens intestinal motility, increases sweating, constricts blood vessels, increases pressure, dilates pupils.
2. Parasympathetic. Strengthens the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, reduces muscles, stimulates the glands, constricts the pupil, lowers blood pressure, slows down the heart.
3. Metasympathetic. Coordinates secretory, motor, absorption activity of organs.

Autonomic dysfunction syndrome (AVS) is a psychogenic condition that manifests itself with symptoms of somatic diseases, but is not characterized by organic lesions. Pathology is accompanied by the following disorders:

• arterial hypertension;
• neuroses;
• loss of normal vascular response to various stimuli;
• deterioration in general well-being.

This pathology causes many different symptoms, which is why patients often go to several doctors and present vague complaints. Some experts even think that the patient is making it up, but in reality, the symptoms of dystonia bring him a lot of suffering. Autonomic dysfunction occurs in 15% of children, 100% of adolescents (due to hormonal changes) and 80% of adults. The peak incidence is observed at the age of 20-40 years. More often, women suffer from the syndrome of vegetative dystonia.

Causes of disorders

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions have the opposite effect, thereby complementing each other. Normally, they are in a state of equilibrium and are activated when necessary. Autonomic dysfunction develops when one of the departments begins to work more or less intensively. Depending on which of them began to function incorrectly, certain symptoms of autonomic dysfunction appear. This pathology is also known under a different name - vegetovascular dystonia (VVD).

Doctors have not yet been able to accurately establish the exact causes of the development of such a deviation. In general, it develops due to a violation of nervous regulation. The following diseases and conditions are associated with this:

1. Perinatal lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). They lead to cerebral vascular disorders, impaired liquorodynamics, hydrocephalus. When the autonomic nervous system is damaged, emotional imbalance is observed, neurotic disorders develop, inadequate reactions to stress.
2. Psychotraumatic influences. This includes conflict situations in the family, school, work, isolation of the child or excessive parental care. All this leads to mental maladjustment of the child and the subsequent increase in ANS disorders.
3. Endocrine, infectious, neurological, somatic diseases, sudden changes in weather, hormonal changes during puberty.
4. Age features. Children have the ability to develop generalized reactions in response to local irritation, which is why VSD occurs more often in childhood.

These are common reasons for the development of SVD. In each of these groups, provoking factors can be identified. These include the following diseases and conditions:

• heredity (the risk of VVD is 20% higher in people whose relatives suffered from this pathology);
• weak motor activity from childhood;
• birth trauma, fetal hypoxia;
• pregnancy of the mother, which proceeded with a complication;
• systematic overwork;
• constant stress;
• premenstrual syndrome;
• urolithiasis disease;
• diseases in the neonatal period;
• diabetes;
• obesity;
• hypothyroidism;
• malnutrition;
• traumatic brain injury;
• foci of chronic infection in the body - sinusitis, caries, rhinitis, tonsillitis.

Symptoms

The clinical picture of VVD is expressed in the manifestation of several syndromes in a person at once. The initial stage of the disease is characterized by vegetative neurosis, a conditional synonym for VVD. The condition is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• vasomotor changes - hot flashes, night sweats;
• violation of skin sensitivity;
• muscle trophism;
• visceral disorders;
• allergic manifestations.

Neurasthenia comes to the fore at an early stage of VVD - mental disorders, manifested by increased irritability, loss of the ability for prolonged physical and mental stress, and fatigue. With the progression of autonomic dysfunction, the following symptoms develop:

• dizziness and headache;
• nausea, frequent belching;
• increased heartbeat;
• causeless fear;
• states close to fainting;
• jumps in blood pressure;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• increased sweating of the palms and feet;
• a slight increase in temperature;
• apparent lack of air;
• pallor of the skin.

Accompanying symptoms

The symptomatology of VVD is so wide that it is difficult to describe in detail all its manifestations. In addition, each patient may develop certain signs of autonomic dysfunction. SVD can be suspected by complexes of symptoms that are combined into the following syndromes:

• Mental disorders. Accompanied by low mood, sentimentality, tearfulness, insomnia, a tendency to self-accusation, hypochondria, uncontrollable anxiety.
• Asthenic. It is manifested by increased fatigue, exhaustion of the body, decreased performance, meteosensitivity, excessive pain reaction to any event.
• Neurogastric. Causes spasm of the esophagus, aerophagia, heartburn, belching, hiccups in public places, flatulence, constipation.
• Cardiovascular. Accompanied by pain in the heart that occurs after stress, fluctuations in blood pressure, increased heart rate.
• Cerebrovascular. Associated with intellectual disability, migraine pain, irritability, and in severe cases, stroke and ischemic attacks.
• Peripheral vascular disorders. Manifested by myalgia, convulsions, hyperemia of the extremities.
• Respiratory. This syndrome is caused by somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, in which the respiratory organs are affected. Pathology is manifested by shortness of breath at the time of stress, difficulty breathing, squeezing the chest, a feeling of lack of air.

Stages and forms of pathology

There are two main stages of pathology: exacerbation with pronounced symptoms and remission, when there is a weakening or complete disappearance of signs of pathology. In addition, SVD by the nature of the flow is as follows:

• paroxysmal, when panic attacks periodically occur, in which the symptoms become more pronounced, and then noticeably weaken;
• permanent, characterized by weakness of the manifestation of symptoms.

To facilitate diagnosis, it was decided to classify autonomic dysfunction into types, taking into account the activity of which department of the ANS increases. Depending on this, SVD can proceed according to one of the following types:

• According to the cardiac, or cardiac. In this case, the sympathetic division of the ANS works too actively. The human condition is accompanied by anxiety, fear of death, increased heart rate. The patient may have increased pressure, weakened intestinal motility, develop restlessness.
• According to hypertension. Accompanied by an increase in blood pressure. In this case, a person develops the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, hyperhidrosis, fog before the eyes, fears, nervous tension.
• By hypotonic. With excessive activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, the pressure drops to 90-100 mm Hg. Art. Against this background, there are difficulties with inhalation, pale skin, a feeling of weakness, stool disorders, heartburn, nausea, weakening of the pulse.
• By vagotonic. It manifests itself in childhood in the form of poor sleep, fatigue, gastrointestinal disorders.
• By mixed. With this type of autonomic dysfunction syndrome, symptoms of its various forms are combined or alternate. Most patients have hyperhidrosis, hand tremor, subfebrile temperature, hyperemia of the chest and head, acrocyanosis, red dermographism.

Autonomic dysfunction syndrome in children and adolescents

Especially often this pathology is diagnosed in childhood and adolescence. SVD in these periods is generalized. This means that children and adolescents have multiple and varied clinical manifestations of SVD. Almost all organs and systems are involved in the process: cardiovascular, digestive, immune, endocrine, respiratory.

The child may present various complaints. He does not tolerate transport trips, stuffy rooms. Children may experience dizziness and even short-term fainting. The characteristic signs of SVD in childhood and adolescence are the following symptoms:

• labile blood pressure - its regular spontaneous increase;
• increased fatigue;
• appetite disorders;
• irritability;
• dyskinesia of the lower gastrointestinal tract - irritable bowel syndrome;
• unstable mood;
• restless sleep;
• discomfort in the legs with numbness or itching;
• the child cannot find a comfortable position for the legs while falling asleep (restless legs syndrome);
• frequent urination;
• enuresis - urinary incontinence;
• headache;
• dryness and shine of the eyes;
• sudden "shortness of breath";
• feeling of lack of air;
• decreased ability to concentrate.

Complications

Autonomic dysfunction syndrome in adults and children is dangerous because its clinical picture is similar to the symptoms of a wide variety of diseases: osteochondrosis, migraine, heart attack, etc. This makes it difficult to diagnose SVD. If the diagnosis is wrong, unpleasant and even dangerous consequences can occur. In general, SVD can lead to the following complications:

• Panic attacks. They develop with a large release of adrenaline into the blood, which contributes to the development of arrhythmia, increased pressure. In addition, this condition stimulates the production of norepinephrine, which makes a person feel tired after an attack. The prolonged release of adrenaline causes depletion of the substance of the adrenal glands, which leads to adrenal insufficiency.
• Vagoinsular crises. Accompanied by a significant release of insulin. As a result, the level of glucose in the blood decreases, which makes the person feel as if his heart is stopping. The condition is accompanied by weakness, cold sweat, darkening in the eyes.

Consequences of the cardiac type of autonomic dysfunction syndrome: hypertension, hypotension and other diseases of the circulatory system. With a psychoneurological form, the development of mental illness is possible. There are known cases when a person programmed himself for death after he was given such a diagnosis. For this reason, it is very important not to wind yourself up with SVD, because with proper treatment, the disease is not life-threatening.

Diagnostics

Autonomic dysfunction syndrome is a multisymptomatic pathology, therefore, it requires differential diagnosis. It is important for the doctor not to make a mistake, because we can talk about a serious disease that is easy to confuse with SVD. For this, the specialist pays special attention to the collection of anamnesis. At this stage, it is important to tell the doctor about all the symptoms and when they appeared. To correctly diagnose, the patient is additionally prescribed the following procedures:

1. Electroencephalogram and dopplerography. They reflect the state of the vessels of the heart and brain and exclude diseases associated with them.
2. Electrocardiogram. It is carried out in a calm state and after physical activity. Needed to rule out heart disease.
3. Ultrasound depending on the symptoms. This procedure helps to identify cardinal structural changes in internal organs.
4. Tomography of the brain. Detects tumor processes and other diseases of this organ.
5. Biochemical analysis of blood and urine. They help to confirm the presence / absence of inflammatory processes in the body.
6. Blood pressure measurements. Necessary to determine the type of SVD - hypotonic or hypertonic.

Treatment

If you suspect SVD, you should contact a neurologist. After confirming the diagnosis, this doctor prescribes a treatment regimen that has the following tasks:

• crisis prevention;
• removal of the main symptoms of SVD;
• therapy of concomitant diseases;
• normalization of the psycho-emotional state of the patient.

To achieve these goals, the patient must follow a number of simple rules relating to all areas of his life. The list of recommendations looks like this:

• walk more often in the fresh air;
• harden the body;
• fully rest;
• stop smoking, exclude alcohol;
• sleep at least 7-8 hours a day;
• engage in playing sports, swimming;
• eliminate sources of stress by normalizing family and domestic relations;
• eat fractionally, limit the intake of salty and spicy foods.

Physiotherapy procedures

Treatment of autonomic dysfunction syndrome is not always associated with medication. If the course of the disease is smooth, without pronounced crises, then the patient is prescribed only physiotherapy and traditional medicine. The indication for taking medications is the paroxysmal course of SVD with severe exacerbations. In this case, physiotherapy is used in combination with drugs. To normalize the activity of the autonomic nervous system, the following procedures are useful:

1. Water. This includes therapeutic baths, including those with mineral waters, which soothe the body. Another procedure is Charcot's shower. It consists in a body massage with a jet of water. Regular swimming in the pool also has a calming and tonic effect.
2. Electrosleep therapy is an action on the brain with a pulsed current of low frequency. Improves blood circulation, reduces pain sensitivity, increases minute volume of breath.
3. Acupuncture. Relieves stress, promotes relaxation, raises the overall vitality.
4. General massage. It relieves muscle tension, normalizes heart rate, eliminates headaches, gives a powerful boost of energy, copes with fatigue, overwork.

Medical therapy

If physiotherapy and restorative methods of treatment do not bring a positive result, then the patient is prescribed medication. Depending on the symptoms, the following groups of drugs can be used:

1. Antipsychotics: Sonapax, Frenolon. Reduce the speed of transmission of brain impulses, thereby helping to eliminate fear. Shown in mental disorders.
2. Antidepressants: Azafen, Trimipramine. They eliminate signs of depression, therefore they are used to treat anxiety and panic disorders, neurosis, bulimia, enuresis.
3. Strengthening vessels: Trental, Cavinton. Improve brain metabolism and blood circulation, reduce the resistance of blood vessels. In neurology, they are used for neurological and mental disorders.
4. Hypotonics: Anaprilin, Tenormin, Egilok. Help to reduce pressure in hypotonic type of autonomic dysfunction.
5. Nootropic: Piracetam, Pantogam. They start metabolic processes in the central nervous system, improve regional blood circulation, and facilitate the learning process. They are prescribed for vegetovascular dystonia, neurogenic urination disorders, neurotic disorders.
6. Sleeping pills: Flurazepam, Temazepam. Indicated for early or nocturnal awakenings, disruption of the process of falling asleep. In addition to sleeping pills, they have a sedative effect.
7. Cardiac: Digitoxin, Corglicon. They have antiarrhythmic and cardiotonic actions. Indicated for migraine attacks, high heart rate, chronic heart failure.
8. Tranquilizers: Phenazepam, Seduxen, Relanium. Used for vegetative crises, convulsive reactions, depressive states. They have sedative and sedative effects.

Folk remedies

With a permanent course of the syndrome of autonomic dysfunction, treatment with folk remedies is allowed. After consulting a doctor, they can also be used by pregnant women, since synthetic drugs are contraindicated during childbearing. In general, the following remedies are recommended for patients with autonomic dysfunction:

1. Mix 25 g of raisins, figs, nuts and 200 g of dried apricots. Grind all the ingredients with a meat grinder or blender. Eat 1 tbsp daily on an empty stomach. l. funds, washed down with kefir or yogurt. Repeat for a month. Then take a week break and go through another treatment course.
2. With a glass of boiling water, brew 3 tbsp. l. motherwort herbs, leave for 1.5 hours. Drink 1 tbsp each time before meals. l. Take until the condition improves.
3. For 5 medium cloves of garlic, take the juice of 5 lemons and a glass of honey. Mix everything, leave for a week. Then take 1 tsp. funds up to 3 times during the day. Reception time - before meals. The course of therapy should last 2 months.
4. Daily in the form of tea, use chamomile, brewing 1 tbsp. l. herbs in a glass of boiling water.

Prevention

Measures to prevent disorders of the ANS do not include difficult requirements. To develop resistance to stress, it is useful to master the techniques of auto-training and relaxation. The nervous system is positively affected by yoga, reading books, water procedures, listening to pleasant music. The basis of prevention is a healthy lifestyle, which involves the observance of the following rules:

• rejection of bad habits;
• annual medical examination by a therapist;
• balanced diet;
• regular physical activity and exposure to fresh air;
• exclusion of stressful situations;
• rest mode optimization;
• treatment of concomitant diseases;
• reception in autumn and spring of vitamin complexes.

Video

Somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system implies a symptom complex, which involves almost all body systems. The outdated name for this disorder is vegetovascular dystonia.

Due to the diverse clinical picture, signs of such a disease can be found in many patients. According to various sources, autonomic dysfunction affects up to 70% of the world's population.

Pathophysiological basis

The autonomic nervous system regulates the work of internal organs and endocrine glands, it is also responsible for the constancy of the internal environment of the body. She also takes part in thermoregulation, the coordinated functioning of the immune and endocrine systems.

In the body, the simultaneous work of two sections of the autonomic nervous system constantly takes place:

1. Sympathetic. It slows down the work of the gastrointestinal tract, the genitourinary system, and partially suppresses hormone-regulating processes. Its effects on the cardiovascular system are an increase in heart rate and an increase in the strength of heart contractions.
2. Parasympathetic. This part of the nervous system has the opposite effect - it activates the digestive tract and endocrine glands. In parallel, there is an inhibitory effect on the cardiovascular system, promotes vasodilation, thereby improving blood supply to tissues.

When one department of the autonomic nervous system is involved, the second one slows down its work. This is the normal way of working. When certain failures occur, this harmony is violated, which is called autonomic dysfunction.

SVD (vegetative dysfunction syndrome) occurs when there is an imbalance in the work of the segmental and suprasegmental divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The first regulates the work of certain systems and organs, targeting them to perform specific functions. For example, it regulates the work of the heart, causing it to contract faster or slower. The suprasegmental part is responsible for the coordinated interaction of organs and systems with each other.

The onset of the disease in 29% of cases occurs in childhood. Prolonged fetal hypoxia during pregnancy causes damage and disruption of the nervous system. Vegetative dysfunction in children begins to manifest itself in the first year of life. Moreover, its symptoms are wide and do not immediately attract attention if the disorder is not critical. Autonomic dysfunction syndrome in children is manifested as follows:

1. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract - bloating, indigestion, unstable stools, frequent regurgitation.
2. Sleep disorders - a short restless sleep.
3. Sometimes disorders are mixed in nature - a violation of the work of several systems at the same time.

Later, such children often get colds, react to changes in the weather. Age-related hormonal changes often exacerbate the course of vegetovascular disorder. In adulthood, such people suffer from crises of autonomic dysfunction, which are accompanied by emotional lability and disturbances in the functioning of the whole organism.

Causes and varieties

Vegetative dysfunction, like any other disease, most often has specific causes that provoke its occurrence. Here are the main ones:

1. Hormonal restructuring of the body - occurs during puberty, at the beginning of the development of menopause, when taking hormonal drugs.
2. Violation of the endocrine system - for example, due to organic changes in one of the glands.
3. The occurrence of circulatory disorders in the brain - trauma, hemorrhage, tumors.
4. hereditary predisposition.
5. Prolonged and intense effects of stress on the body.
6. Birth trauma and difficult pregnancy.

Depending on the impact on the cardiovascular system, the following types of dysfunction are distinguished:

1. Cardiac type - with normal pressure, discomfort occurs in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heart.
2. Hypertensive type - states of excitation are accompanied by an increase in blood pressure.
3. Hypotensive type - a person is chronically hypotensive and prone to increased fatigue, weakness and fainting.

According to the nature of the course of the disease, there are:

1. Permanent autonomic dysfunction - signs of the disorder are constantly present.
2. Paroxysmal - characterized by exacerbation of the disease in the form of seizures or crises.
3. Latent autonomic dysfunction - this kind of disease is hidden.

Symptoms

Symptoms of the disease may be manifested by the presence of disorders in one or more body systems. In the latter case, the disorder proceeds according to a mixed type. There are several syndromes characteristic of VVD:

1. Psychoneurotic syndrome. Accompanied by insomnia, emotional instability, a tendency to apathy and depression. Often such patients become anxious without any objective reason. This symptom complex is also called depressive syndrome.
2. Astheno-vegetative syndrome is manifested by a decrease in working capacity, a feeling of rapid fatigue, apathetic states, and a violation of adaptation.
3. The syndrome of peripheral vascular disorders includes redness and swelling of the extremities, the presence of pain in the muscles. Sometimes cramps can occur in the legs.
4. Cerebrovascular syndrome is accompanied by increased irritability, the presence of migraine, ischemic conditions that can lead to a stroke.
5. Neurogastric syndrome combines a complex of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It is often confused with gastroduodenitis. The difference is that stomach pains occur regardless of food intake. Sometimes these patients swallow solid food much easier than liquid food. This indicates a nervous origin of the disorder.
6. Respiratory syndrome - a violation of the rhythm of breathing, the appearance of shortness of breath, a feeling of a lump in the throat, lack of air.
7. Cardiovascular syndrome is the most common after neurotic. It is accompanied by the appearance of various pains in the heart, which are not stopped by nitroglycerin and disappear unexpectedly. This condition may be accompanied by a violation of the heart rhythm and pressure surges.

When several syndromes are combined, there is a dysfunction of a mixed type.

Special Disorder

Particular attention should be paid to such a disorder as somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. The anxiety-depressive state with it is characterized by the patient's complaints about the disruption of the work of a particular organ or organ system. At the same time, the diagnosis does not confirm the presence of prerequisites for the manifestation of such symptoms.

Somatoform autonomic dysfunction may be accompanied by:

• cardial syndrome;
• gastralgic problems;
• disorders in the functioning of the urinary system;
• manifestations in the form of myalgia and pain in the joints.

The variety of emerging symptoms is characterized by one common feature - they are unstable and changeable and occur mainly against the background of stressful situations. In simple terms, somatoform dysfunction is a complex of psychological disorders that affect the functioning of internal organs. The most common problems are:

1. Respiratory system - a feeling of incompleteness of inspiration, shortness of breath that passes during sleep, a feeling of lack of oxygen.
2. Digestive system - pain when swallowing, pain in the stomach, swallowing air and frequent uncontrollable belching, nervous diarrhea, feeling of seething in the intestines.
3. Urinary system - the urge to urinate sharply appears when it is impossible to use the toilet or in crowded places. Sometimes there is such a phenomenon as "urinary stuttering" - a sharp uncontrolled cessation of urination in the presence of strangers.
4. Cardiovascular system - there is pain in the heart, which is difficult to describe, has no clear boundaries and irradiation. It is often accompanied by depression, anxiety-neurotic states of the patient - he makes various complaints, cannot find a place for himself, while doctors do not find an obvious reason for such pains.

With this form of disorder, the patient describes his changing state and seeks an explanation for his disorder by some, possibly serious, disease of a particular organ or system. In different patients, one similar symptom is observed - emotional lability, the severity of which varies from anxiety-excited state to depression or psychotic syndrome.

Treatment of autonomic dysfunction

Autonomic dysfunction can complicate people's lives, so it must be treated as soon as possible. Treatment consists in the primary correction of the functioning of the organ system that the patient complains about. After a thorough diagnostic search, objective violations are identified and corrected.

The choice of drugs occurs depending on what symptoms are observed in the patient. The general direction of drug treatment for dysfunction is the use of vascular drugs that improve blood circulation, as well as nootropics.

Comprehensive treatment involves the correction of sleep and wakefulness, improvement of working conditions, correction of nutrition, getting rid of bad habits. Only by approaching the solution of the problem in a complex way, one can hope for a successful result of treatment.

Treatment of somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system implies, first of all, a psychotherapeutic direction. The work of a psychologist, as well as the appointment of light sedatives and mood-improving drugs, can get rid of the root cause of the disease.

What is the danger of the disease

One of the most serious manifestations of autonomic dysfunction is sinus node dysfunction. This node provides the generation of nerve impulses, leading to regular heart contractions. Violation of the work of this nerve plexus leads to a slowdown or acceleration of the heart, the appearance of various arrhythmias.

Autonomic dysfunction of the sinus node (VDS) manifests itself in adults according to a mixed type: alternation of accelerated and slow heart rate, fatigue, imbalance leading to a fall, fainting, anxiety-depressive problems.

Advanced forms of vegetative disorders that have not been properly treated also lead to organic changes. This is due to a violation of innervation and the normal supply of these organs with nutrients. Even somatoform dysfunction - a disease that has only a psychological basis - passes over time to a physiological level.

The manifestation of symptoms of a mixed type can often confuse not only the patient, but also the doctor. The diagnosis of such cases must be approached very responsibly.

Prevention of autonomic dysfunction should begin in early childhood. Parents should remember that the child should walk a lot in the fresh air, eat right, exercise and have a well-developed daily routine.

For adults, the measures also apply. To them it is worth adding an adequate organization of working time. If possible, it is necessary to limit stressful situations and adequate timely rest. Elderly people need to be sure to maintain physical, mental and emotional activity.

Prevention of all diseases and their successful treatment consist, first of all, in an attentive attitude towards oneself and adherence to the rules of a healthy lifestyle. Do not ignore any discomfort and minor soreness. Vegetative dysfunction of the mixed type greatly complicates the diagnosis. In the case of this disease, the complicated nature of which can exhaust the patient, one must remain calm and rely on the opinion of doctors.

In the clinic of disorders of the autonomic nervous system, hypotensive and hypertensive variants are distinguished, the leading manifestation of which is changes in blood pressure (BP), as well as a cardiological variant with a predominance of pain in the heart area.

The hypotensive type is established in cases where the value of systolic blood pressure ranges from 110-80 mm Hg. Art., and diastolic 45-60 mm Hg. Art. and there are clinical signs of chronic vascular insufficiency.

Complaints of patients, the most significant for the diagnosis, are chilliness of the hands, feet and a tendency to orthostatic disorders (dizziness when changing body position, a sharp turn of the head, torso), transport intolerance. Manifestations of asthenovegetative syndrome are observed: rapid exhaustion of mental and physical activity, memory loss, concentration of attention, weakness, increased fatigue. Characterized by lability of mood, high anxiety, a tendency to hypochondria.

On examination, an asthenic physique, pallor of the skin, marbling, pastosity of tissues, a decrease in the temperature of the skin of the extremities, moisture in the palms and feet, and rapid heartbeat are determined. Often there is a decrease in appetite, nausea, not associated with eating, recurrent abdominal pain, constipation, headaches.

The hypertensive type is characterized by a transient increase in blood pressure and associated headaches, pain in the heart, dizziness, palpitations, flies before the eyes, a feeling of heat, hot flashes to the head and neck. Headache occurs mainly with psycho-emotional and physical overload, is aching, sometimes pulsating in nature with predominant localization in the back of the head. Emotional lability, increased fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbances, hypochondria, meteorological dependence are noted.

The cardialgic type is established if there are no changes in blood pressure, but there are complaints of palpitations or interruptions in the heart, pain in the region of the heart, shortness of breath. Objectively revealed tachycardia, severe sinus arrhythmia or extrasystole.

In extreme severity, the disease can be manifested by vegetative crises, neuroreflex syncope, permanent vegetative disorders. Vegetative crises can be sympathetic, parasympathetic and mixed.

With the predominance of the tone of the sympathetic nervous system (sympathicotonia), typical autonomic crises (panic attacks) occur. On examination, tachycardia, blanching of the skin, increased blood pressure, weakening of intestinal motility, dilated pupils, chills, feeling of lack of air, shortness of breath are revealed. The presence of anxiety, anxiety, a feeling of fear, which can be of a vital color (the patient fears for his life, although there is no visible threat), is important. There may be a fear of going crazy, committing an uncontrolled action, injuring yourself or loved ones.

Hyperventilation crisis also includes a combination of autonomic and affective disorders. The patient has increased, rapid breathing, a feeling of lack of air with a predominant difficulty in inhaling. Perhaps the appearance of a feeling of a coma in the throat, "goosebumps" on the skin, cold hands and feet, unsteady gait. There is a fear of losing consciousness, of dying. Due to transient hypokalemia, hyperventilation tetany may develop with muscle tension in the forearms and hands ("obstetrician's hand"), legs and feet (carpopedal spasms). Hands and feet become wet, cold to the touch. The attack may end in fainting.

Vagotonic crises are accompanied by bradycardia, shortness of breath, reddening of the skin of the face, sweating, salivation, lowering blood pressure, gastrointestinal dyskinesias. Possible decrease in blood glucose levels. The attack can also end with a short-term loss of consciousness. In some patients, allergic phenomena are possible in the form of urticaria or Quincke's edema. Such crises can be provoked by staying in a stuffy room, untimely food intake (“hungry fainting”), intense stress, excitement.

Mixed crises are manifested by a combination of symptoms typical of the predominance of the tone of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system, or by their alternate appearance.

The site provides background information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious physician. All drugs have contraindications. You need to consult a specialist, as well as a detailed study of the instructions!

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is a symptom complex that includes many different symptoms of various etiologies. The most common synonyms for this disease are vegetative neurosis, neurocirculatory dystonia and autonomic dysfunction syndrome. In the clinical picture of vegetative-vascular dystonia, there are more than a hundred different symptoms, the main cause of which is dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.

The syndrome of vegetative-vascular dystonia is a very common pathology. It is diagnosed in 60 - 70 percent of cases in the adult population and in 10 - 15 percent in children and adolescents. In 98 percent, patients complain of pain in the region of the heart and palpitations, in 96 percent - weakness and malaise, 90 percent - headache. In addition to bodily symptoms, there are also neurotic disorders such as restlessness and anxiety ( 85 - 90 percent), decreased mood ( 90 - 95 percent). There are also sleep disorders in 80 percent and respiratory disorders in 85 percent. Every second person complains of cold extremities and chilliness in them, every third person complains of abdominal pain and every fourth person complains of hot flashes. In 30 percent of men, there is a decrease in libido, not associated with any organic lesion.

Interesting facts about vegetative-vascular dystonia

Such a diagnosis as vegetative-vascular dystonia exists mainly only in the territory of the CIS countries. Currently, this diagnosis has the status of a "myth", since it is not recognized by many experts and does not exist in the international classification of diseases.

The diagnosis of vegetative neurosis is universal - many symptoms and syndromes "fit" under it. So, to date, 150 symptoms and 40 syndromes of this disease have been described. This explains the fact that vegetative-vascular dystonia bears the features of so many diseases. That is why this diagnosis is put in excess. Sometimes literally “everything” hurts the patient, which makes the syndrome of vegetative neurosis especially “comfortable” in such cases. Also very often this pathology is set when other causes of the patient's complaints have not been found.

At the same time, despite the abundance of symptoms, there are no uniform criteria for this diagnosis, as well as a consensus on the mechanism of its causes. Academician Wayne believed that acute or chronic stress was the cause of dystonia. This is confirmed by the high effectiveness of the psychotherapeutic approach in the treatment of this disease.

In Western countries, this syndrome is more often part of the somatoform ( bodily) dysfunction of the heart or psychovegetative syndrome. This syndrome is observed in panic disorders, neuroses, phobias and post-traumatic disorders.

What is the autonomic nervous system?

The autonomic nervous system is the structure that regulates most of the processes in the body. The main task of the autonomic nervous system is the regulation of vital processes of organs. With the help of this system, the work of the organs is consistent with each other and adapts to the needs of the body. So, for example, with its help, the body's heat exchange, the frequency of heart contraction and respiration are regulated with an increase or decrease in temperature. Like the central nervous system, the autonomic system consists of a huge number of neurons. A neuron is a cell that is complex in structure and functions, in which a body and processes are distinguished. Outgrowths of a neuron ( axon and dendrites) form nerve fibers, which, on the periphery, after leaving the brain, end with nerve endings.

There are practically no such pathologies in the development of which the autonomic nervous system would not take part. In turn, it distinguishes the sympathetic and parasympathetic department.

Sympathetic division of the nervous system

The sympathetic department is represented by a set of neurons that are located in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord, as well as a paired sympathetic nerve trunk.

The processes of neurons that are located in the spinal cord go to the sympathetic nerve trunk, which is located on both sides of the spine. It, being an important structure of this department, consists of 23 nodes, including 3 cervical nodes, 12 thoracic, 4 abdominal and 4 pelvic. Interrupting at the nodes of the trunk, the fibers of the neurons leave it and go to those organs and tissues that subsequently innervate. So, the fibers that are interrupted in the cervical nodes innervate the tissues of the neck and face, and those in the thoracic nodes go to the heart, lungs and other organs of the chest cavity. From the abdominal nodes, the fibers approach the kidneys and intestines, and from the pelvic nodes - to the pelvic organs ( bladder, rectum). In addition to organs, the fibers of the sympathetic nervous system innervate blood vessels, sweat and sebaceous glands, and skin.

Thus, the autonomic nervous system directly or indirectly regulates all internal organs.

Effects of the sympathetic nervous system on the organs innervated by it

Organs and systems	effects
Eyes
shine	strengthened
pupils	expanded
lacrimation	not expressed
color of the skin	pale
sweating	decreased or increased secretion of viscous sweat
Body temperature	lowered
heat tolerance	intolerance to heat and stuffiness
cold tolerance	satisfactory
limb temperature	depressed, cold hands
sebum secretion	normal
The cardiovascular system
	increased ( tachycardia)
arterial pressure	raised
	tightness in the chest, feeling of pressure
Respiratory system
breathing rate	increased
breathing volume	increased
respiratory muscles	relaxed
Gastrointestinal tract
salivation	reduced
composition of saliva	thick
	normal or low
intestinal peristalsis	lowered, and as a result, constipation develops
nausea	not typical
genitourinary system
urination	frequent and abundant
erection	fine
subjective complaints of the patient	increased libido
Dream
falling asleep	later
awakening	previously
sleep quality	sleep short, restless
Personal characteristics
emotional background	elevated, changeable, irritable; experiencing mood swings
mental activity	absent-mindedness, restlessness, rapid change of thoughts prevails
physical activity	increased

An important function of the sympathetic nervous system is to maintain vascular tone. The sympathetic division of the nervous system affects small and medium-sized vessels, thus creating vascular resistance. Also, this department of the autonomic nervous system interacts with the adrenal glands and their hormones.

parasympathetic nervous system

This division is also part of the autonomic nervous system, which works in conjunction with the sympathetic nervous system. The effects of the parasympathetic nervous system are completely opposite to the sympathetic system.

The neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system are located in the spinal cord at the level of the sacrum ( peripheral part of the system) and in the brain ( central department). At the level of the brain, neurons are grouped into so-called vegetative nuclei. These nuclei are either part of other cranial nuclei or exist separately. Fibers from the nuclei of the parasympathetic nervous system go as part of the cranial nerves to various organs. So, fibers from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus go as part of the oculomotor nerve to the muscles of the eyeball and pupil, as part of the facial nerve to the salivary glands, as part of the vagus nerve to the internal organs.

Effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on the organs it innervates

Organs and systems	effects
Eyes
shine	normal or dim
pupils	narrowed
lacrimation	expressed
Skin and thermoregulation
color of the skin	tendency to blush
sweating	increased, with the release of liquid sweat
Body temperature	increased
heat tolerance	satisfactory
cold tolerance	bad
limb temperature	hands are warm, often moist
sebum secretion	increased
The cardiovascular system
heart rate	reduced ( bradycardia) often changes
arterial pressure	normal or low
subjective complaints of the patient	feeling of tightness in the chest, especially at night
Respiratory system
breathing rate	breathing slow but deep
breathing volume	lowered
respiratory muscles	in high spirits
Gastrointestinal tract
salivation	increased
composition of saliva	liquid
acidity of gastric juice	increased
intestinal peristalsis	increased, intestinal tone increased
nausea	often seen
genitourinary system
urination	urge to urinate is characteristic, while urine is concentrated in a small volume
erection	strengthened
subjective complaints of the patient	frequent premature ejaculation
Dream
falling asleep	normal
awakening	delayed, increased sleepiness
sleep quality	sleep deep and long
Personal characteristics
emotional background	adequate or reduced and oppressed,
mental activity	there is apathy and hypochondria, lack of initiative
physical activity	lowered

The main effects of the parasympathetic division affect the activity of the heart muscle. It reduces the excitability and contractility of the heart, reducing its heart rate especially at night, as it is most active at this time of day.

In the natural state, the divisions of the autonomic nervous system are in constant tension, called "tonus". The predominance of parasympathetic tone is called vagotonia, while the dominance of sympathetic effects is called sympathicotonia. Based on this, all people can be conditionally divided into vagotonics and sympathotonics.

Despite the opposite effects of these parts of the nervous system, they are normally in a "balanced" state. If necessary, the body activates one or another mechanism. So, excitement and fear are accompanied by activation of the sympathetic nervous system with a further increase in blood pressure, the release of stress hormones, and the production of cold, viscous sweat. With vegetative-vascular dystonia, the synchronism of the work of these parts of the nervous system is disturbed. The work of the autonomic nervous system ( whether sympathetic or parasympathetic) gets out of control and begins to work regardless of the needs of the body. So, increased sweating can be observed almost constantly, regardless of the presence of stress or elevated air temperature.

In the clinical picture of vegetative-vascular dystonia, the predominance of the parasympathetic or sympathetic system can be observed. But, at the same time, combined syndromes can be observed.

The term "dystonia" refers to the lack of balance in the work of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. There are many reasons for this imbalance, including chronic infections, hormonal imbalances in the body, mental stress, and others. However, many experts believe that the main reason for the failure of these systems is emotional stress.

The reasons for the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia are:

• hereditary predisposition;
• acute or chronic stress;
• climate change;
• neurological and somatic ( bodily) pathology;
• hormonal changes in the body;
• mental illness.

hereditary predisposition

With a hereditary predisposition to vegetative-vascular dystonia, not so much certain genes are taken into account as a certain temperament of a person. If a parent with a certain emotional constitution suffers from vegetative neurosis, then there is a high probability that the child, having inherited the same character traits, will also suffer from vegetative-vascular dystonia. Therefore, children with a labile psyche, in which the processes of excitation prevail over the processes of inhibition, are at risk.

However, in addition to certain character traits that an individual inherits, the atmosphere in the family, upbringing and environment play an important role. A child, being in constant tension, even without a hereditary predisposition, can show symptoms of vegetative neurosis from a young age.

Some experts distinguish even vegetative-vascular dystonia of a hereditary-constitutional nature. This type of dystonia manifests itself in adolescence and is characterized by unstable vegetative parameters.

Acute or chronic stress

Activation of the autonomic nervous system in response to a stressful situation is an adequate physiological response of the body. So, in response to a “threat”, the sympathetic nervous system activates the release of stress hormones ( epinephrine and norepinephrine), which stimulate the cardiac system. However, an inadequate and prolonged reaction from the autonomic nervous system against the background of tension forms the basis of the symptoms of dystonia. At the same time, the physiological reaction of the vegetative system is, as it were, delayed and hypertrophied. Symptoms of a period of stress are observed constantly and in excess. For example, stress hyperhidrosis ( cold clammy sweat during stress) can be observed invariably in the patient. Continuous stimulation of the adrenal glands and, as a result, the release of adrenaline leads to an increase in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system. Patients are emotionally labile, quick-tempered and irritable. All this leads to exhaustion of the body. If parasympathetic activation prevails, then patients are hypochondriacal, emotionally unstable.

climate change

Climate change can also be categorized as a stress factor. But, at the same time, in addition to emotional stress, the body also undergoes changes. These changes are associated with the adaptation of the organism. Thus, the autonomic nervous system begins to adapt the work of the organs to the new temperature and humidity. Against the background of stress, the restructuring of the body acquires pronounced features, as a result of which the regulation of the autonomic nervous system is upset.

Neurological and somatic ( bodily) pathology

With many neurological and bodily ( most often it is a pathology of the heart) diseases form the so-called psychovegetative syndromes. The name of the syndrome reflects its essence - the activation of vegetative effects ( increased sweating, salivation, palpitations) in this case is associated with mental stress.

A condition for the development of a psycho-vegetative syndrome is the presence of a pain syndrome in any pathology. Thus, pain in the heart that occurs once is fixed by a person and interpreted by the body as a threat. In response to this, stress mechanisms are activated in the body, for which the sympathetic system is responsible. Further fixation of the patient's feelings about his illness and its outcome leads to an overstrain of the autonomic nervous system. An imbalance between both parts of the autonomic nervous system leads to the development of dystonia. Combined variants can also be observed, in which vagotonia can be replaced by a sharp sympathicotonia.

Hormonal changes in the body

The rearrangements of the body that can cause vegetative-vascular dystonia include puberty and menopause. During puberty, due to changes in the hormonal background, new relationships are formed between the autonomic system and the hormonal one. These changes adapt the organs and organ systems to the new restructuring of the body. Thus, the vegetative system adapts the cardiovascular system to the new parameters of the body, namely to growth and weight gain. Thus, a gap is created between the old vascular supply and the new physical parameters. Because of this, fluctuations in blood pressure, fainting and other manifestations of dystonia are observed during puberty.

Vegetative changes during menopause are also due to changes in hormonal levels. A decrease in estrogen levels is accompanied by hot flashes, fluctuations in blood pressure.

mental illness

Most often, vegetative-vascular dystonia is observed in neurotic disorders. It can be part of such diseases as neuroses, anxiety and hypochondriacal disorders ( including panic attacks). Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia make up the clinical picture of various forms of depression.

Under the influence of stress factors, vegetative-vascular dystonia can occur even in harmonious and emotionally stable individuals. However, it most often occurs in accentuated individuals. As a rule, these are anxious and excitable personality types.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia

In the clinic of vegetative-vascular dystonia, there are a huge number of symptoms. Depending on the system in which they manifest themselves, they are divided into syndromes.

Syndromes and symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia are:

• cardiac dysfunction syndrome;
• respiratory syndrome;
• asthenic syndrome ( or exhaustion);
• thermoregulation disorders;
• fainting states;
• neurotic disorders.

Cardiac disorder syndrome

It is the most common syndrome in vegetative-vascular dystonia. Most often it is manifested by pain in the region of the heart, interruptions in its activity and fluctuations in blood pressure. All of these symptoms tend to appear at the peak of anxiety, stress, or overwork. Their expression is very individual. Pain can be moderate or "unbearable". They can be stabbing, aching, cutting or squeezing. Pain in this case can mimic angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction.

In addition to pain, patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia may experience fluctuations in blood pressure. At the same time, a person’s blood pressure can rise sharply and also fall sharply. This phenomenon is called a vegetative crisis. Its origin is associated with a sharp and short-term activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It, by stimulating the receptors of blood vessels, causes their sharp spasm.

Very often this phenomenon is accompanied by the release of cold, clammy sweat ( autonomic hyperhidrosis). Since the sweat glands are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, its activation leads to an increase in their secretion.

respiratory syndrome

This syndrome includes rapid and shallow breathing, a feeling of difficulty in breathing and lack of air. These symptoms, like everything else with vegetative neurosis, are observed at the height of excitement. In people with a hysterical personality type, they can reach the degree of suffocation and are accompanied by a feeling of "lump in the throat." In less pronounced forms, respiratory disorders acquire the character of mild discomfort and are accompanied by convulsive ( "dreary") sighs. Patients constantly feel the need for air, so to speak, in an "extra sip". Due to dissatisfaction with their breath, they keep the windows constantly open, they feel the need to constantly be in the fresh air.

Asthenic syndrome

This syndrome is characterized by physical and emotional exhaustion. It is observed in almost all patients. Manifested by weakness, fatigue, poor productivity. Constant fatigue is the cause of low mood.

In children and adolescents, there is a decrease in intellectual functions. At the same time, the decrease in academic performance is not due to any brain damage, but due to the inability to concentrate and absent-mindedness. Children at the same time are quick-tempered, irritable, do not tolerate stress.

Thermoregulation disorders

The nature of thermoregulation disorders depends on the type of vegetative-vascular dystonia. With the predominance of the influence of the sympathetic nervous system, patients tolerate heat very poorly, but they tolerate cold satisfactorily. At the same time, their limbs are always cold, but not wet. With the predominance of parasympathetic tone, patients, on the contrary, tolerate heat satisfactorily and poorly - cold. Their hands are warm and moist. There is also a profuse secretion of sebum. They are constantly cold and chilly, prefer to dress warmer.

Very often, patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia have subfebrile temperature ( 37 degrees Celsius). At the same time, fluctuations in body temperature from 36.7 to 37.1 degrees Celsius are also observed. It is important to note that this temperature does not respond to anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics and other drugs.

Fainting states

Fainting is most characteristic of adolescents - both for boys and girls. Most often, these conditions develop when changing the position of the body, namely, when moving from a horizontal to a vertical position. This phenomenon is called orthostatic hypotension. It is associated with a slow redistribution of vascular blood flow to the lower extremities. At the same time, the pressure drops sharply, and the patient loses consciousness for a short period. Also, fainting can be observed with a sharp fright, strong emotions.

Disorders of a neurotic nature

Studies show that every second patient with vegetative-vascular dystonia has one or another neurotic disorder. As a rule, these are anxiety or depressive disorders. In the first case, patients have panic attacks, which are accompanied by fear and anxiety. There is a fear of dying, suffocating, not waking up. If these attacks are repeated frequently, then an anxiety disorder develops. At the same time, patients are always anxious, suspicious, restless. They do not sleep well at night, often waking up in the middle of the night and having difficulty falling asleep.

In one fourth of cases, vegetative-vascular dystonia is complicated by the development of depression. It could be anxiety or hypochondriacal depression. In patients, the lowered mood and its fluctuations during the day come to the fore. In hypochondriacal disorder, the patient is constantly busy with his health. He is overcome by fears about the outcome of the disease. As a rule, people suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia constantly visit doctors, overcoming them with new complaints each time. They constantly measure temperature, pressure, pulse, and are also looking for new ways of treatment.

Drug treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia mainly comes down to the normalization of the emotional background. Particular attention is paid to the mental status of the patient. If the clinic is dominated by depressive states, then antidepressants are prescribed, if anxiety - then anti-anxiety drugs. In parallel, the symptoms of dystonia are being eliminated. If arterial hypertension is pronounced, then antihypertensive drugs are prescribed, if insomnia, then sleeping pills, if vegetative crises develop, then stabilizers of vascular tone and ganglionic blockers.


Groups of drugs used in vegetative-vascular dystonia:

• sedatives;
• medicines that affect the cardiovascular system;
• anti-anxiety drugs and antidepressants.

Drugs used in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Name of the drug	Mechanism of action	Mode of application
Novo-passit	The herbal preparation has a pronounced sedative effect, helps in the fight against fears and anxiety.	Adults should take 1 tablet or 5 milliliters of medication three times a day. The medicine should be taken before meals. Also available as a syrup.
Persen	Has a calming and relaxing effect.	Take 1 - 2 capsules 2 to 3 times a day.
Valocormid	It has antispasmodic, relaxing and cardiotonic ( reducing stress on the heart) Effect. Corrects the excitability of the nervous system.	Drink 10-20 drops systematically 2-3 times a day.
Corvalol	Calms the body, promotes normal sleep. It also has a slight relaxing effect.	Assigned to 1 - 2 tablets twice a day. The drug should be taken before meals, along with plenty of water.
Normatens	An agent that fights hypertension. Also, the drug causes vasodilation, minimizes the total resistance of peripheral vessels. Makes physiological sleep deeper.	The initial dose is 1 tablet 1 time per day. The further amount of the drug is determined by the doctor individually. Tablets should be swallowed without chewing and with a little water.
Vinpocetine	A medicine that improves cerebral circulation. Produces a vasodilating effect.	The drug begins with 5 - 10 milligrams three times a day. As the course is completed, the dose of the drug is reduced.
Azafen	Eliminates anxiety, improves mood, eliminates sadness.	The dosage ranges from 25 to 50 milligrams, which are taken in two divided doses ( morning and afternoon).
Seduxen	The drug is a tranquilizer and has an inhibitory effect on brain processes.	The average dose for an adult to be consumed per day varies from 5 to 20 milligrams, which are distributed over several doses. It should be borne in mind that a single dose should not exceed 10 milligrams.

Sanatorium-resort treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Assistance to patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia during sanatorium treatment is carried out on the basis of the integrated use of natural healing resources, physiotherapy and medication methods. The most effective stay in sanatoriums is during the period of remission ( relief of symptoms) disease.

With this disease, it is favorable to visit sanatoriums and resorts located within the climatic zone in which the patient lives permanently, because a sharp change in climate and natural conditions can cause stress and exacerbate the disease. It has been established that when the time zone changes for more than 3 hours, desynchronosis develops in the body ( circadian jet lag). This condition is manifested by a sleep disorder and a general deterioration in the patient's well-being. Also, a sharp inverse ( reverse) change of seasons. So, choosing a sanatorium in the autumn in a southern country with summer conditions, the patient runs the risk of causing an exacerbation of the disease.

• climatic;
• balneological;
• mud therapy.

Climatic resorts

The biological influence of the climate calms the nervous system and normalizes the functions of the vital systems of the body. The most useful types of climatic resorts for vegetative-vascular dystonia are those located in coastal and mountainous areas.

Sanatorium-resort treatment in coastal areas
The healing effect when visiting medical institutions located in coastal areas is the healing effect of sea water and air on the body.

Sea air does not contain dust and is saturated with a large number of useful elements. Under the influence of air, the metabolism is accelerated and the work of the circulatory organs is activated. Bromine, which is present in large quantities in the sea air, strengthens the nervous system of the body and contributes to the normalization of the emotional background. Sea water is a source of elements that have a healing effect on patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Substances that are part of sea water and help to cure this disease are:

• calcium - normalizes sleep and helps fight depression;
• magnesium - helps fight irritability and nervousness;
• bromine - has a beneficial effect on the nervous system;
• manganese - strengthens the immune system;
• selenium - improves the functioning of the heart and blood vessels;
• iodine - normalizes the brain and immune system.

The effects that bathing in sea water has on the body are:

• chemical - useful elements contribute to the achievement of a healing effect;
• mechanical - the pressure of a large mass of water when bathing is a hydromassage, which improves blood circulation;
• physiological - the temperature difference between sea water and the human body contributes to an increase in heat transfer, due to which metabolic processes in the body increase;
• psychotherapeutic - waves and light swaying of water have a calming effect on a person.

Climate treatment in mountain sanatoriums
The mountain climate is characterized by clean air with a low oxygen content. Once in the body, such air improves the functionality of the circulatory system. The positive effect of mountain air masses is also due to the large number of negative ions in their composition. The climate in the mountains helps to improve the composition of the blood and activate the metabolism, which gives positive results in the treatment of this pathology. Staying in the open air calms the nervous system and has a beneficial effect on the body's immunity.

Procedures carried out at climatic resorts
The basis of the treatment carried out at the climatic resorts is the dosed effect on the body of climatic factors and special procedures.

The main methods of climatotherapy are:

• heliotherapy - sunbathing;
• hypoxic therapy - treatment with mountain air;
• aerotherapy - the effect of fresh air on naked ( in whole or in part) body;
• speleotherapy - visiting karst caves, grottoes, salt mines and mines;
• thalassotherapy - healing procedures using algae, water and other marine products.

Balneological resorts

Balneotherapy is a combination of various water procedures based on medicinal mineral waters. The mechanism of action of medical procedures is based on the beneficial effects of salts, gases and natural extracts in the water. Various useful elements in the composition of mineral waters contribute to the normalization of the circulatory system and improve the functionality of the nervous system. Mineral baths are selected taking into account the characteristics of the disease.

The methods of balneotherapy for vegetative-vascular dystonia are:

• souls ( fan, circular, underwater, sharko shower) - contribute to the stabilization of vascular tone;
• shared and private baths ( nitrogen, coniferous, pearl, oxygen) - have a calming effect;
• contrast mineral baths - improve blood circulation.

The rules for choosing waters for procedures are:

• with hypertensive and cardiac types of the disease, radon, hydrogen sulfide, iodine-bromine waters are indicated;
• with hypotensive vegetative-vascular dystonia, procedures using iodine-bromine waters are recommended;
• with vasomotor syndrome, the patient is shown hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide baths;
• with nervous excitement, radon and nitrogen baths help;
• when exhausted, carbonic baths are prescribed;
• with sympathicotonia, treatment based on sulfa waters is useful.

Mud spas

Mud therapy includes procedures using therapeutic mud. The healing effect of such treatment is achieved due to the thermal effect and the characteristics of the chemical composition of the mud. The biologically active substances that make up their composition have an increased penetrating ability and, entering the body through the skin, contribute to the normal functionality of all vital systems.

• mud baths;
• local applications with mud;
• mud wraps;
• combined exposure to dirt and electric current ( mud electrophoresis).

Rehabilitation treatment

Many spa institutions, in addition to specialized treatment methods, offer additional procedures to combat this autonomic disorder.

The methods of sanatorium treatment include:

• massage ( general and point);
• reflexology;
• physiotherapy;
• psychotherapy;
• physiotherapy;

Massage
Massage for vegetative neurosis should be carried out in accordance with the type of disease. In the hypertensive type, massage of the collar zone, legs, and abdomen is recommended. Percussion techniques along with tapping should be excluded. With hypotensive vegetative-vascular dystonia, acupressure and general massage are done, using such elements as stroking, rubbing, kneading, vibration. Massage helps to normalize the functionality of the nervous system, eliminate headaches, improve the patient's sleep.

Reflexology
Reflexology is an impact with needles, a magnetic field, a laser or an electrical impulse on the active points of the body located on the surface of the skin. Stimulation of reflex zones has a beneficial effect on the nervous system and, in combination with other methods, gives positive results in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Physiotherapy
Methods of physiotherapy treatment help to strengthen vascular tone, normalize the process of blood circulation and activate the metabolic processes of the body.

The most common physical treatments include:

• electrophoresis ( injection of drugs through the skin using electric current);
• electrosleep ( the effect of weak electrical impulses on the brain);
• magnetotherapy ( magnetic field treatment);
• laser therapy ( procedures using special physiotherapy lasers).

Principles of psychotherapy in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia
With this autonomic disorder, somatic ( bodily) violations in the body in most cases are combined with emotional disorders. Therefore, the spa treatment of this disease is not effective without the help of a psychologist or psychotherapist. Specialists help patients develop resilience to stress by changing their attitude towards negative events. Also, psychotherapeutic assistance involves the development of techniques for relaxation and breath control, which help to get rid of anxiety and control emotions.

Physiotherapy
Therapeutic exercise includes a set of exercises and physical activity, the purpose of which is to strengthen and increase the body's resistance. Sports activities help to normalize blood pressure, promote emotional relaxation and improve the functioning of the circulatory system.

• aerobics in water;
• swimming;
• sports walking in the fresh air;
• skiing, skating.

When choosing exercise equipment, you should avoid equipment that involves positioning the body upside down and performing exercises upside down. The optimal solution is a treadmill, rowing machine, bicycle ergometer.
Going in for sports with vegetative-vascular dystonia, it is necessary to exclude types of loads with a large amplitude of movement of the head and body. Fast exercises and those activities that involve prolonged static efforts are not recommended.

Types of sports activities that are not recommended for this disease are:

• power gymnastics;
• body-building;
• high jumps;
• somersault;
• somersaults;
• oriental martial arts.

Physiotherapy exercises should be started with minimal loads, gradually increasing their pace.

Diet
A balanced diet in sanatoriums allows patients to achieve positive results in the treatment of vegetative neurosis. The menu of such institutions includes dishes, which include a sufficient amount of vitamins and other useful elements that help the body fight this disease.

The products that are emphasized in the spa treatment are:

• fresh vegetables and fruits;
• porridge ( predominantly buckwheat and oatmeal);
• dairy and dairy products;
• Fish and seafood.

Food is prepared with a minimum content of salt and spices, fatty meats and animal fats are excluded.

Duration of spa treatment

The duration of treatment in a sanatorium for this pathology of the autonomic system is determined individually, depending on the characteristics of the disease and the patient's capabilities. The minimum stay in a sanatorium to achieve a healing effect is 12 days. The best option is to visit sanatoriums every year.

Starting spa treatment, many patients are faced with such a factor as acclimatization ( adaptation). This phenomenon is manifested by a short-term decrease in the intensity of work of all body systems and is explained by a change in the usual way of life. During the adaptation period, strong medical procedures should be avoided. It is also necessary to adhere to a regimen that contributes to the reconfiguration of the body. If these rules are not followed, the patient's health condition may deteriorate to such an extent that spa treatment becomes impossible.

Physiotherapy in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Physiotherapy in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia is aimed at regulating vascular tone, normalizing metabolism and eliminating pain. The nature, regularity and intensity of the procedures are selected by the doctor in accordance with the characteristics of the disease.

Methods of physiotherapeutic treatment of this autonomic disorder include:

• electrosleep;
• electrophoresis;
• darsonvalization;
• galvanization;
• laser therapy;
• magnetic therapy;
• inductothermy;
• aeroionotherapy.

Also, physiotherapeutic methods of treating this autonomic disorder are prescribed depending on the effect they have on the body.

The effects that physiotherapy produces on a patient with vegetative neurosis are:

• soothing - electrosleep, electrophoresis of sedative drugs, aeroionotherapy;
• tonic - magnetic and laser therapy, inductothermy;
• vasodilator - galvanization, local darsonvalization;
• vasoconstrictor - electrophoresis of adrenaline and other adrenomimetic agents ( adrenergic stimulating drugs);
• antiarrhythmic - electrophoresis of potassium chloride, lidocaine.

electrosleep
The electrosleep procedure is a therapeutic sleep that occurs due to the influence of electric current pulses on the patient's brain. The procedure is carried out in a special room daily or every other day. The course of treatment includes from 12 to 15 exposures. Electrodes are attached to the patient's head. The frequency of impulses depends on the nature of the disorders that disturb the patient. With neurotic disorders, as well as cardialgic, hypertensive and arrhythmic syndromes, the frequency of the pulsed current varies from 5 to 20 Hertz.

With the hypotensive nature of the disease, the pulse frequency ranges from 10 to 40 Hertz. Start the course of treatment with the minimum values, subsequently increasing them. With any type of vegetative neurosis, the duration of the first procedure will be 30-40 minutes, and after 2-3 sessions, the time is increased by 5 minutes.

electrophoresis
Drug electrophoresis is a method of introducing drugs through the skin or mucous membranes of the body using an electric current. During the procedure, a special pad moistened with a solution of the drug is placed on the patient's body. A protective hydrophilic layer is fixed on top, on which the electrode is installed. Electrophoresis is prescribed in accordance with the type of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Electrophoresis in hypertensive type of vegetative neurosis
In case of hypertensive syndrome, the procedure is carried out according to the method of general exposure or on the collar zone. The current strength is from 10 to 15 milliamps, the duration of exposure is 15 - 20 minutes.

The drugs that are used for electrophoresis in this type of disorder are:

• sodium solution ( 5 - 10 percent);
• potassium bromide ( 5 - 10 percent);
• magnesium sulfate ( 5 percent);
• eufillin solution ( 1 percent);
• papaverine ( 2 percent);
• dibazole ( 1 percent);
• anaprilin ( 40 milligrams).

Electrophoresis in hypotensive vegetative-vascular dystonia
With this type of autonomic disorder, it is recommended to perform electrophoresis using caffeine. The duration of the procedure ranges from 10 to 20 minutes at a current strength of 5 to 7 milliamps. Systematic treatment - 15 sessions, which are carried out every other day. Also, with this type of disease, mezaton-based electrophoresis can be prescribed. If the patient suffers from insomnia and severe neurotic disorders, he is recommended bromine electrophoresis on the collar zone. With manifestations of severe asthenia, the patient is subjected to electrophoresis using a galvanic anode collar according to Shcherbak.

Electrophoresis for cardiac dystonia
With a vegetative disorder of the cardialgic type, electrophoresis is prescribed using a solution of novocaine ( 5 - 10 percent) and nicotinic acid. Procedures are carried out according to the principle of general effect or according to the cardiac method. The second method involves placing electrodes in the region of the heart and between the shoulder blades.
If the patient has an arrhythmic syndrome, then he is prescribed electrophoresis using panangin ( 2 percent) or anaprilin by the cardiac method.

Local darsonvalization
Darsonvalization is a medical procedure in which certain parts of the patient's body are affected by pulsed alternating current, the characteristics of which are low frequency, high voltage and weak force. This procedure has a vasodilating and stimulating effect on the body.
In the cardiac form of the disease, darsonvalization is prescribed in the region of the heart. With a predisposition to spasms of cerebral vessels, the current is applied to the cervical region. The course of treatment is from 6 to 10 sessions, which are carried out every day.

Galvanization
During galvanization, the body is exposed to direct current, which has a low voltage and low power. Metal plates are applied to the patient's body, to which current is supplied from the apparatus using a wire. To avoid damage, a protective pad made of a material that absorbs water is fixed between the electrode and the skin. When the equipment is turned on, the current strength begins to increase, and by the end of the session, it decreases. The duration of the procedure depends on the specifics of the disease and can be from 10 to 30 minutes.

The effects of galvanization in the treatment of vegetative neurosis are:

• increased blood circulation;
• increased vascular permeability;
• stimulation of the nervous system;
• improved metabolism.

laser therapy
Laser therapy is based on the influence of a directed light flux on the patient's body. Under the influence of the laser, capillaries expand, viscosity decreases and blood microcirculation improves. This physiotherapeutic method contributes to the activation of the immune functions of the body and has a beneficial effect on the general tone of the patient. One of the properties of laser therapy is to increase the body's sensitivity to medications. This allows you to achieve positive results of treatment in a short time with the use of minimal doses of drugs.

Magnetic Therapy
Magnetic therapy in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia is a method of physical influence on the human body by a magnetic field of a constant or variable nature. The magnetic field is perceived by all body systems, but the nervous system has the greatest sensitivity to it. The effect of these procedures is manifested in the stabilization of the emotional background of patients, improving sleep, reducing the level of nervous tension. Also, the magnetic field has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, which is expressed in lowering blood pressure and normalizing the pulse.

The effects of magnetic therapy in the treatment of this autonomic disorder are:

• activation of metabolism;
• increased tone of peripheral vessels;
• improvement of blood circulation.

Inductothermy
Inductothermy is a treatment method in which the patient's body is exposed to heat. Certain areas on the body are heated using a special apparatus that operates on the basis of an alternating electromagnetic field. Due to eddy currents, uniform heating of tissues occurs to a depth of 6-8 centimeters. It should be noted that the skin and subcutaneous tissue heat up less than tissues and fluids located at a greater depth. Under the influence of this method of treatment in the patient's body, blood circulation improves, nervous excitability decreases, and the activity of immune functions is activated.

Aeroionotherapy
Aeroionotherapy is a treatment method in which the patient inhales air saturated with negative ions. For the procedures, special devices are used - air ionizers for individual or collective use. The patient is located at a distance of a meter from the equipment and inhales air for 20-30 minutes. During the course of treatment, the duration of which is 12-14 sessions, patients experience a decrease in blood pressure, a decrease in the number of heartbeats, and normalization of sleep. In addition, after this method of physiotherapy, the intensity of headaches decreases, weakness disappears and the immune processes of the body are activated.

Contraindications for physiotherapy

The expediency of physiotherapy is determined by the attending physician and depends on the clinical picture of the disease and the general condition of the patient. There is a list of pathologies in which physiotherapy is not possible, regardless of the nature of vegetative neurosis and other factors.

Absolute contraindications for all types of physiotherapy procedures are:

• diseases of the cardiovascular system in the acute stage;
• neoplasms of a malignant type;
• mental illness;
• severe blood diseases;
• tuberculosis in the active stage;
• atherosclerosis of the brain;
• hypertension ( 3 stage);
• body temperature of 38 degrees and above.

Alternative methods of treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

When treating vegetative-vascular dystonia with alternative methods, drugs must be selected in accordance with the nature of the pathology.

• agents for the treatment of hypertensive dystonia;
• drugs intended for a disease of a hypotensive nature;
• drugs for the treatment of vegetative disorders of the cardiac type;
• folk recipes for all types of this vegetative disease;

Treatment of folk recipes for hypertensive dystonia

In the fight against this autonomic dysfunction of a hypertensive nature, it is necessary to use agents that have a calming effect and reduce the level of blood pressure.

• hawthorn;
• magnolia;
• mint;
• valerian;
• chokeberry;
• barberry;
• viburnum.

Infusion of hawthorn berries
To prepare this medicine, you need to take 10 grams of dry hawthorn and pour water. Place the vessel with raw materials on a steam bath and heat for 15 minutes. It should be ensured that the water does not boil, because in this way the decoction loses its healing properties. It is necessary to take an infusion of hawthorn with vegetative neurosis, 15 grams of the remedy three times a day.

Remedy from hawthorn berries and flowers
The components that are necessary for the manufacture of a decoction are:

• dry hawthorn flowers - half a tablespoon;
• dry hawthorn berries - half a tablespoon;
• water - 250 milliliters ( 1 glass).

Crushed vegetable raw materials must be steamed with boiling water. The decoction will be ready in a couple of hours. It is recommended to drink the infusion during the day.

Magnolia tincture
For tincture, magnolia leaves are used, which you need to purchase in specialized herbal stores. The crushed fresh plant should be poured with alcohol ( 96 degrees) at a rate of one to one and stand for two weeks, protecting the vessel from sunlight. Strained tincture should be taken 20 drops daily, mixing them with 50 milliliters of water. The tool helps to equalize blood pressure, and also has a positive effect on the functionality of the body's immune systems.

Honey infusion with valerian and dill seeds
This remedy of traditional medicine helps to alleviate the patient's condition with a vegetative pathology of a hypertensive nature.

The products that you need to purchase for the infusion are:

• valerian root - 2 tablespoons;
• dill seeds - 1 cup;
• natural honey - half a glass ( 150 grams);
• water - 2 cups ( half a liter).

Dry seeds and valerian root should be poured with boiling water and left for 15 - 20 hours. A more effective remedy is obtained if you insist it in a thermos. After 24 hours, clean the broth from the cake and mix with honey. Drink honey infusion should be three times a day, evenly distributing the amount of the resulting drink into 6 doses.

Viburnum juice with vegetative neurosis of the hypertonic type
Viburnum berry juice not only normalizes blood pressure, but also activates the protective functions of the body, helping the patient to fight the disease more effectively. To squeeze the juice from the viburnum, the berries should be poured over with boiling water and lightly crushed with your hands. Place the crushed berries in cheesecloth, folded several times and put under oppression or squeeze strongly with your palms so that the juice flows out. A freshly prepared product should be mixed with May honey in a ratio of one tablespoon per hundred milliliters of juice.

Collection of herbs for the treatment of hypertensive dystonia
You need to buy components for this folk remedy at a pharmacy. In finished form, a decoction of herbs has a short shelf life, which does not exceed 1 - 2 days. Therefore, it is worth steaming plants daily, and storing the drink in the refrigerator during the day.

Herbal ingredients of the collection are:

• valerian root - 20 grams;
• lily of the valley flowers - 10 grams;
• hawthorn flowers - 20 grams;
• peppermint - 15 grams;
• fennel - 15 grams.

For more convenient use, dry herbs, roots and flowers should be crushed and stored in a resealable container. To prepare a daily portion of the drink, you need to pour a tablespoon of raw materials with a glass of hot water. Using a slow fire, bring the composition to a boil, then remove the plants and take one-third of a glass before meals.

Combined herbal tea
With this autonomic disorder, it is necessary to reduce the amount of tea and coffee consumed. You can replace these drinks with herbal tea, the components of which help reduce pressure and have a mild sedative effect.

The ingredients that are needed to brew tea are:

• chokeberry;
• barberry;
• black currant;
• blueberry.

Dry ingredients should be mixed in equal amounts and stored in a glass container. The fruits can be used instead of tea leaves by brewing a tablespoon of tea leaves with a glass of boiling water.

Folk remedies for the treatment of vegetative neurosis of the hypotensive type

With a pathology of this nature, it is necessary to take drugs that help raise the general tone of the body and increase blood pressure.

Plants that treat hypotonic type dystonia are:

• ginseng;
• eleutherococcus;
• St. John's wort;
• rhodiola rosea;
• immortelle;
• juniper;
• dandelion;
• stinging nettle;
• Chinese Lemongrass.

Ginseng root tincture
Taking 25 drops of ginseng tincture three times a day can help relieve the symptoms of this type of autonomic disorder. The product is bought in a ready-to-use form at a pharmacy or prepared at home. To make your own tincture, you need to pour dry crushed plant with vodka in a ratio of one to one. For 10-14 days, insist the composition, vigorously shaking the container 2-3 times a day.

Rhodiola rosea tincture
To prepare the tincture, you need to purchase Rhodiola rosea root at the pharmacy. It should be borne in mind that the leaves of this plant lower the pressure, so the underground part of the flower is necessary for tincture. It is necessary to grind the dry rhizome in the amount of 100 grams and pour it with vodka or alcohol diluted to 40 degrees. Put the container with the composition in a place where sunlight does not penetrate, and shake it periodically throughout the week. Before use, the tincture must be made less concentrated by adding water in a ratio of 1 to 5.

St. John's wort herbal tea
This folk remedy has a pleasant taste, invigorates well and has no restrictions on use. To prepare a mixture for tea, place 10 parts of St. John's wort and 1 part of angelica in a hermetically sealed refractory container. Herbs should be used fresh. Put the vessel with raw materials in the oven and keep on low heat for 3 hours. Grind the steamed raw materials and use instead of tea leaves. To prolong the use of vegetable raw materials, it can be divided into portions and frozen.

Decoction with immortelle
Immortelle sandy fights fatigue, apathy and increases blood pressure. A tablespoon of fresh grass should be poured with a glass of water, the temperature of which is 70 - 80 degrees. If dry raw materials are used, then it must be steamed with boiling water. You need to use the decoction during the day, dividing the amount of funds into 3 doses.

Schisandra chinensis decoction
To prepare a decoction of Chinese magnolia vine, the fruits of the plant in the amount of 2 tablespoons should be poured with a glass of water. Put the container on the fire, wait for the boil and soak for 5 minutes. You need to use the resulting amount of infusion during the day, distributing it into 3 doses.

Juniper fruits in the treatment of hypotonic vegetative neurosis
Active active substances that are part of the juniper fruit help to normalize blood pressure and fight well with the general weakness of the body. Berries can be added as seasonings in the preparation of dishes from pork, beef, chicken. The separate use of juniper berries also has a beneficial effect. You should start with 1 piece, daily increasing their number by another 1 berry. After 3 - 4 weeks of treatment should be discontinued.

Combined collection to combat hypotensive dystonia
The constituent elements of this folk remedy are:

• Rhodiola rosea root - 20 grams;
• echinacea flowers - 20 grams;
• hop cones - 10 grams;
• May honey - 2 teaspoons;
• water - 250 milliliters.

Fresh or dry herbal ingredients should be combined with a glass of boiling water. After an hour, strain the product and add honey. You need to use the amount of the resulting product during the day. It is necessary to drink a decoction before meals for a month, after which a pause in treatment should be made.

Herbal collection in the treatment of dystonia with reduced pressure
The ingredients of this drug are:

• dandelion ( leaves) - 10 grams;
• gray blackberry ( leaves) - 20 grams;
• stinging nettle ( leaves) - 20 grams;
• water - 250 milliliters ( 1 glass).

It is necessary to use vegetable raw materials for the manufacture of herbal infusion after preliminary grinding. This will reduce the time required to infuse the decoction. You need to prepare a drink daily, as it spoils the next day. To do this, bring water to a boil and steam dry plants with boiling water. Wrap the vessel with the composition and leave for one hour. After this, the infusion must be filtered and drunk 30 milliliters each ( 2 tablespoons) 3 times a day.

Folk recipes for the treatment of cardiac dystonia

The fight against vegetative neurosis of the cardiac type involves the use of funds, which include medicinal plants and other products that help normalize the functioning of the heart muscle.

The components on the basis of which the treatment of dystonia with cardialgic syndrome can be based are:

• raisin;
• mint;
• rose hip;
• rosemary;
• valerian.

Raisin remedy
The composition of raisins includes a greater amount of glucose, which has a beneficial effect on the functionality of the heart muscle and normalizes its contractile activity. This course of treatment is recommended to be repeated twice a year. It is necessary to choose raisins that do not contain seeds. Two kilograms of dried berries should be thoroughly washed in warm, and then in cold water. Next, the raisins need to be dried naturally, laying it out on a clean cloth. After the dried fruits have dried, it is necessary to divide the total amount into two parts. Raisins should be taken 40 berries every day, consuming them half an hour before breakfast. After the first half of the dried grapes is finished, it is necessary to proceed to the second part. The second kilogram of raisins start with 40 berries every day, reducing the number of berries by 1 piece.

Healing collection to strengthen the heart muscle
This folk remedy helps to fight heart pains that are characteristic of this type of pathology.

The components of the herbal collection for the treatment of cardiac type dystonia are:

• mint;
• hop;
• rosemary;
• valerian;
• hawthorn;
• St. John's wort.

All components of the collection must be used in dry form. Equal parts of each component must be poured into a glass container or a bag made from natural fabrics. Thus, vegetable raw materials for making a drink can be stored for several years. For a decoction, you need to steam in a thermos for the night 2 tablespoons of herbal collection with half a liter of hot water. Reception schedule - one third of a glass three times a day. You can store the broth for no more than 2 - 3 days, and this fact should be taken into account when preparing the drink. The course of treatment is 1 - 2 months, after which it is necessary to take a break for 4 weeks.

Herbal tea for the treatment of vegetative neurosis of the cardialgic type
The composition of this folk remedy includes plants that contribute to the normal functionality of the heart. Also, this tea contains a large amount of vitamins and useful elements that help strengthen the protective functions of the body.

The ingredients of tea are:

• valerian;
• hawthorn;
• rose hip;
• raspberries ( greenery);
• coltsfoot.

Equal portions of these ingredients should be poured into a container suitable for storage. To brew tea, you need to take a tablespoon of herbal tea and steam it in a thermos with 2 cups of boiling water. The next day, you need to drink a drink, distributing it between breakfast, lunch and dinner. After 1 - 2 months of drinking this herbal tea, a break of 20 - 30 days is necessary.

Means for the treatment of vegetative neurosis with cardiac syndrome
A decoction prepared on the basis of dill, wormwood, mint, and linden seeds has a mild sedative effect and helps to reduce pain in patients with this pathology. Dried and crushed plants should be combined in equal proportions. To prepare a drink, 2 tablespoons of herbs need to be poured with water and brought to a boil on the stove. After cooling the broth, it must be filtered and taken one third of a glass 3 times a day.

A mixture of tinctures for the normalization of cardiac activity in dystonia
This tool helps to improve the patient's condition with a vegetative disorder of the cardiac type, because it strengthens blood vessels and improves the functionality of the heart. This folk drug is made from tinctures, which must be bought ready-made at a pharmacy.

The components of the combined tincture for the treatment of this pathology are:

• peony tincture - 100 milliliters;
• hawthorn tincture - 100 milliliters;
• valerian tincture - 100 milliliters;
• motherwort tincture - 100 milliliters;
• eucalyptus tincture - 50 milliliters;
• mint tincture - 25 milliliters;
• cinnamon grains - 10 pieces.

All ingredients should be mixed in a glass jar and left for 10 - 14 days in a place where sunlight does not penetrate. After the specified time, you should proceed to treatment, which should last no more than a month. You need to take the remedy 25 drops before meals, which must be mixed with a tablespoon of water.

Folk drugs with a general spectrum of action for dystonia

With this disease, vegetative disorders are combined with disorders of the emotional background. Therefore, a complete treatment should include remedies to combat anxiety, bad mood and disturbed sleep. You should also take treatment that helps suppress apathy and improve performance.

• means for normalizing sleep and stabilizing the emotional background;
• drugs that help eliminate fatigue

Means for correcting the emotional state
Treatment for insomnia with folk remedies is based on medicinal plants that contribute to the relaxation of the body.

Herbs that have a sedative effect include:

• lavender;
• Melissa;
• peppermint;
• violet;
• chamomile.

Herbal collection for relaxation
The ingredients of this folk remedy are:

• lavender ( flowers) - 50 grams;
• peppermint ( leaves) - 50 grams;
• chamomile ( flowers) - 75 grams;
• valerian ( root) - 75 grams.

Dry plants must be crushed and poured into a jar. For insomnia, take a glass of decoction per day, which should be brewed in the proportion of two tablespoons of the collection per 250 milliliters of water.

Combined evening tea
Medicinal plants from which tea is prepared for the treatment of this autonomic disorder are:

• veronica officinalis ( grass);
• violet ( grass);
• lavender ( flowers);
• barberry ( berries);
• melissa ( leaves).

The collection is made up of equal portions of each component. A decoction brewed on one tablespoon of raw materials and a glass of water should be taken 2 to 3 hours before going to bed.

Herbal tea with a calming effect
This folk remedy not only calms the nervous system, but also activates the protective functions of the body.

The components of the collection are:

• Hypericum perforatum;
• peppermint;
• Melissa;
• valerian;
• common hop cones.

Mix all ingredients in equal parts. A glass of decoction prepared from a tablespoon of herbs and a glass of boiling water, drink in small sips throughout the day.

Soothing baths in the treatment of dystonia
Baths with herbal extracts help to relax, relieve muscle tension and normalize sleep.

Bath rules for good sleep are:

• subdued light in the bathroom;
• water should not be hot, but warm ( 35 - 37 degrees);
• stay in the bath should not exceed 15 minutes;
• after the bath you need to take a warm shower.

Baths with herbal infusions
To prepare a herbal infusion for a soothing bath, steam 100 grams of raw materials with two glasses of boiling water, insist and add to water.

Plants that can be used for water procedures for vegetative neurosis are:

• melissa;
• valerian;
• lavender;
• oregano.

These herbs are used both independently and in the form of mixtures.

Soothing baths with essential oils
Baths with the addition of essential oils to the water have an effective effect. To avoid skin irritation, the essential oil can be mixed with honey or milk before being added to water. The dosage of essential oil is 3 - 4 drops per whole bath.

Plants whose essential oils promote good sleep are:

• jasmine;
• lavender;
• neroli;
• sweet marjoram.

Traditional medicine preparations against fatigue
Treatment aimed at restoring strength should include components that contribute to raising the general tone of the body and normalizing the patient's physical and mental activity.

General tonic with pomegranate
The biologically active components that make up this remedy for the treatment of autonomic dysfunction help restore the patient's physical and mental fitness. Also, this recipe normalizes the functionality of the circulatory system, thanks to pomegranate juice.

The ingredients of the drink are:

• birch leaves ( fresh) - 100g;
• Kalanchoe leaves - 150 grams;
• pomegranate juice - 125 milliliters;
• water - 250 milliliters.

Leaves of birch and Kalanchoe should be filled with water, put on a steam bath and wait for the boil. After ten minutes, remove the vessel from the heat, strain and mix with pomegranate juice. The course of treatment is 10 days, the dosage is 125 milliliters of the drink ( half glass).

Lure Tincture
Zamaniha high is a plant that has an effective positive effect on mental and physical exhaustion. The tincture purchased at the pharmacy should be consumed in the amount of 30-40 drops twice a day thirty minutes before meals. People who suffer from sleep disorders should avoid this remedy.

Rosehip drink
Rosehip contains a large number of active elements that help fight overwork. To prepare the infusion, you need 20 grams of fruit ( dry or fresh) steam with two cups of boiling water in a thermos. The next day, add sugar or honey to the infused rosehip and take half a glass 3 times a day.

Red wine remedy for low energy
To prepare this folk remedy, you need red dessert wine ( e.g. Cahors). Wine in the amount of 350 milliliters should be mixed with 150 milliliters of fresh aloe juice and 250 grams of May honey. To maximize the benefits of aloe, before cutting off the lower leaves, the plant should not be watered for several days. Aloe needs to be washed, crushed, add wine with honey and infuse for 7-10 days. The temperature in the place where the container is stored should not exceed 8 degrees. After the infusion is ready, it should be filtered and taken in a tablespoon three times a day.

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