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Sinusitis causes and treatment methods. What causes sinusitis? What is odontogenic sinusitis

Sinusitis is a type of sinusitis, which is caused by the process of inflammation in the maxillary sinus. The name of the disease is taken from the name of the sinuses, the pathological process that provokes the disease. Inflammation can affect one or two sinuses.

About the disease

The structure of the nasal cavity is quite complex. Slightly above the upper jaw there are cavities that help the respiratory process. This arrangement creates a kind of pyramid near the nose.

Each level of this pyramid has a unique name. There are frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. They are all arranged in pairs symmetrically from the nasal cavity.
Inside the cavity you can find mucous membranes.

When the cavity suffers from inflammation, the entire maxillary system begins to fail. The membranes swell, the nose does not breathe, and mucus begins to accumulate. The clusters contain the waste product of bacteria. The development of sinusitis begins.

The condition is quite dangerous, since each sinus is located in close proximity to the brain. If you do not start timely treatment, then each sinus will suffer from excessive pressure. This leads to pathogenic contents entering adjacent organs or the brain.

If this does not happen, compression of blood vessels and nerves may occur. Complications affect the eyes or ears (otitis media).

A particular danger of sinusitis lies during pregnancy. At this time, the female body is extremely weak. An outbreak of the disease is not diagnosed by x-ray and antibacterial tablets are not used to cure sinusitis. This creates a number of difficulties in therapy.

Causes

Medicine suggests that the main cause of the disease is the entry of bacteria into the sinuses. During the cold season, the immune system is especially weak and the body is attacked by microbes and viruses that provoke the disease.

The maxillary sinuses are located in the bone layer of the upper jaw in the area of ​​the nasal passage; their volume is about thirty cubic centimeters. They can secrete mucus that moisturizes the nasal passages and protects against dust and allergens.

Causes of sinusitis:

  • Violation of the structure of the nasal cavity.
  • Allergic reactions.
  • Dry indoor air.
  • Drafts.
  • Colds.
  • Weak immunity.
  • Injury to the septum.
  • Polyps or adenoids.

The likelihood of developing sinusitis is very high. Among diseases of the nasopharynx, it occupies a leading place. According to statistics, more than ten million patients suffer from sinusitis in our country.

Varieties

Sinusitis can be divided into two types: purulent or catarrhal. In the catarrhal type, the snot is aseptic; in the purulent form, it contains microflora.

Based on the provoking factor, sinusitis is divided into:

  1. By area covered. One-sided, two-sided.
  2. By the presence of inflammation. In one sinus or in two at once.
  3. The nature of the problem. Acute, subacute, chronic stages.
  4. Due to the appearance. Viral, bacterial, traumatic and fungal.

In most cases, both sinuses are irritated, so bilateral diseases are most often diagnosed. But in some cases, only one sinus becomes inflamed, so unilateral sinusitis can be of two types: left-sided or right-sided.

Each type of disease poses a threat to the patient's health. This is due to its ability to develop into a chronic stage and cause complex problems. If you have symptoms of sinusitis, it is important to consult a doctor and begin treatment.

Symptoms

Most often, the symptoms of sinusitis are pronounced. The presence of nasal discharge alone does not indicate illness.

But we can talk about the development of sinusitis if rhinitis lasts more than seven days (long) and is accompanied by such symptoms as:

  • The nasal discharge has become green or yellow in color.
  • Sinuses hurt. The pain becomes stronger when tilting the head.
  • During rhinitis, the throat hurts and a cough begins.
  • Teeth hurt.
  • Headache.

In some cases, the disease is accompanied by swelling, redness, and swelling on the cheeks. Tears flow from the eyes, they react sharply to light. Chills, lack of appetite and problems sleeping are additional signs of sinusitis.

You should consult a doctor in such cases as:

  • A runny nose cannot be cured in one week.
  • The condition becomes worse three days after the start of treatment.
  • The temperature rises to 38 degrees and above.
  • This is not the first case of sinusitis.
  • Eye pain, vision problems, redness around the eyes.

Sinusitis can be acute or chronic. During the chronic stage, symptoms of sinusitis in adults do not disappear for two months or even more. This condition requires urgent treatment, as metamorphoses of the mucous membranes occur, the body will be more susceptible to various pathogens.

The symptoms of each form of the disease have their own differences and nuances. It is worth highlighting each form separately in order to be able to presumably recognize the disease.

Symptoms of the chronic form

All symptoms of sinusitis at the chronic stage may not be clearly expressed. Patients often complain of congestion, problems recognizing odors, changes in voice, and aching pain in the nasal cavity.

It is worth noting that during the rest period there may be no sensation of pain.

During exacerbations, health begins to deteriorate, the temperature rises, migraines and swelling of the eyelids bother you. Pus comes out actively when the head is tilted.

Mucous discharge irritates the lining of the nose. This causes swelling and redness. Polyps grow regularly, which also irritate the mucous membrane and interfere with the proper breathing process, bringing discomfort to the patient.

Acute symptoms

The acute form of the disease indicates that the infection process develops very quickly and is distributed throughout the human body in a couple of days. The most striking symptoms are:

  • Difficulty breathing due to a stuffy nose.
  • Mucus discharge. Sometimes with pus.
  • Problems with the perception of smells.
  • The area near the forehead or sinuses.
  • The severe form of the acute course of the disease is caused by such signs as: general intoxication, fever above 38 °C, tissue swelling.

During the severe course of the disease or with moderate severity, there is a possibility of a number of complications associated with the intracranial cavity.

Symptoms of an allergic form

It is caused by attacks with sharp and sudden onset of nasal congestion, itching, regular sneezing and severe discharge. Often the disease develops into a bilateral form. This type of sinusitis is characterized by:

  • Headache.
  • Strong discharge of mucus from the nasal cavity.
  • Chills and feeling unwell.
  • Sinuses are tense and painful.
  • Pus that comes out through the nasal cavity.
  • Fear of light.

Symptoms of the viral form

Most often, the disease occurs without clear symptoms; more precisely, they are mixed with signs of a viral disease. There are signs such as:

  • Migraine.
  • Bad breath.
  • Cough with mucus.
  • Fever.
  • Pain in teeth.
  • Decreased sense of taste.

Symptoms of bacterial and fungal forms

The bacterial form of sinusitis most often worries patients after rhinitis or a cold. They notice a deterioration in health, weakness, and increased temperature.

From the nasal passage on the affected side there is discharge of pus or yellow mucus with an unpleasant aroma. There is a feeling of stuffy nose and heaviness. Symptoms worsen with head movement.

The fungal type begins after pneumococcal, streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria enter against the background of a weak organism. Based on the type of provocateur of the inflammation process, the color of the discharge may change. The symptoms are:

  • A yellow or white, curd-like discharge appears.
  • There may be bloody spots in the discharge.
  • Blue discoloration of the mucous membrane.
  • Swelling.
  • Pain and heaviness in the head area.
  • Toothaches.
  • Problems with smell.

Diagnosis

Installing sinusitis is quite simple. For this purpose, studies such as:

  • Blood analysis.
  • Blood culture on nutrient medium.
  • Nasal swab with sensitivity determination.
  • Examination of the nasal cavity with a mirror.
  • Examination of the ears.
  • Radiography.
  • CT scan of the skull in complex cases.

Based on the examination results, the doctor will prescribe therapy. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the underlying disease and its companions. Modern diagnostics are needed to quickly get rid of the problem.

Therapy

Treatment is considered a complex and painstaking process. Therapy for the acute form of the disease consists of several stages:

  1. Active antibacterial treatment. Drug therapy is selected blindly. After receiving the results of the culture analysis, the doctor adjusts the medications.
  2. Detoxification activities.
  3. Using anti-inflammatory agents.
  4. Drops in the nose to relieve swelling and eliminate inflammation.
  5. If there is significant presence of pus, a puncture of the sinuses is performed. The contents are brought out. Antibiotics are administered.
  6. Some physiotherapeutic techniques (laser, cuckoo, rinsing).

Therapy for the chronic form is particularly difficult. This is explained by the fact that microbes have learned to resist drugs due to their long stay in the human body.

Antibacterial drugs can be prescribed only after culture. Next, vitamins and microelements are used in the form of food additives. This is important for the patient's immunity.

The allergic form of the disease is treated with antihistamines. Most often with a visit to the clinic.


In case of acute inflammation, strict adherence to bed rest is recommended. This will help avoid many complications. In general, carrying diseases on your feet is very dangerous.

Among the methods of folk treatment, they practice the use of aloe or Kalanchoe juice. Beetroot juice is used less frequently. It is not recommended to rinse your nose or do inhalations yourself without a doctor’s prescription.

The puncture technique is very common. Brief description of the stages of the procedure:

  • Local anesthesia is used to relieve discomfort.
  • A puncture is made in the nasal passage. A thin bone plate is pierced.
  • When antibiotics are repeatedly injected into the sinus or to get rid of pus, the doctor may install tubes that help the mucus drain.

The operation also plays a diagnostic role - the contents are sent to the laboratory.

Possible complications:

  1. Head pain for several days.
  2. Blood from the nose in small quantities.

It is worth noting that if you perform a puncture once, it is not a fact that you will have to repeat it again - this is a misconception. The puncture can completely kill you from sinusitis forever after the first procedure.

Local preparations

In addition to effective medications that are taken orally, doctors can prescribe local remedies. Most often they come in the form of a spray or drops.

The composition of such funds includes:

  • Components that constrict blood vessels. They are able to relieve swelling and free breathing.
  • Components from the inflammation process.
  • Elements to improve immunity.
  • Antiseptics.
  • Antiallergic components.

Complications

Possible complications from sinusitis:

  • Meningitis.
  • Bronchitis.
  • Angina.
  • Tonsillitis.
  • Fistula on the eyelids.

The most dangerous stage is chronic. It can lead to inflammation after symptoms subside. Therefore, it is necessary to treat sinusitis as soon as it begins to appear.

Prevention

Prevention of sinusitis is quite simple and can be done at home. The main goal is to prevent the development of colds, to protect the body from the addition of bacterial microflora. To achieve this, it is important to use effective treatment methods. There are three areas of prevention:

  1. Fighting bacteria and germs that enter the nasal cavity.
  2. Fighting swelling of the nasal cavity.
  3. Extraction of mucus with pathogenic microflora.

Among the general preventive measures, it is worth remembering the dangers of hypothermia, strengthening the immune system and timely treatment of all emerging problems.

Acute sinusitis is a disease for which treatment cannot be neglected. The problem can progress to a purulent or chronic stage, which ends in the development of many complications. It is important to treat the disease in a timely manner and not forget what prevention is.

The reason for the formation of sinusitis, as a rule, lies in an untreated cold or chronic rhinitis, caries, allergies or injury. Sometimes people mistake the pathology for a simple runny nose, so they treat it themselves.

Initially, sinusitis manifests itself as a chronic runny nose, in which respiratory function becomes difficult, cough, headache and fever appear. Only during the diagnostic process will the doctor be able to determine the stage and exact causes of the disease, as well as prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Sinusitis: features and symptoms

Symptoms of sinusitis manifest as:

If any of these signs are detected, you should consult your doctor to prescribe a course of therapy. It is also not uncommon for sinusitis to occur from the nose.

Causes of sinusitis

Sinusitis is a fairly common inflammatory disease. There are many factors that can provoke the formation of the disease. A person is prone to this pathology in the presence of the following conditions:

  1. Chronic inflammation in the sinuses, such as allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, chronic runny nose. A person suffers from nasal congestion all the time.
  2. Chronic inflammatory processes in maxillary teeth. Due to the close proximity of dental roots, infection can enter the sinuses from the affected root or tubules in damaged teeth.
  3. Chronic infection in the tonsils and adenoids. Frequent inflammation of this area contributes to the formation of an inflammatory process in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses.
  4. Curved septum in the nose, abnormal structure of the turbinates and passages in the nose. This feature can be congenital or acquired due to injury and the formation of a purulent process in the nasal cavity.

Such infection is dangerous because the sinuses are a closed space. When bacteria and viruses enter it, they multiply quickly. High temperature, dampness, lack of fresh air, poor elimination from the sinuses are excellent conditions for the development of pathogens.

How to diagnose sinusitis?

During the diagnostic process, the patient is first interviewed, and the face must be felt in the area of ​​the nasal sinuses and around the eyes to determine the location of the pain. To accurately make a diagnosis, the patient is prescribed the following studies:

  • clinical blood test;
  • swab from the throat and nose;
  • examining the passages in the nose and ears with special mirrors;

Only an experienced doctor can reliably make a diagnosis after receiving research results.

How dangerous is sinusitis?

The danger of the inflammatory process occurring in the paranasal sinuses lies in the possible formation of some consequences:

  • Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain). It can develop with acute or chronic sinusitis. The disease manifests itself in the form of headaches, nausea and vomiting, sound or photophobia, stiff neck muscles (it is impossible to reach the chest with your chin in a lying position). In some cases, the inflammatory process spreads to the medulla. In the absence of appropriate therapy, death is possible.
  • Sepsis. It develops as a result of the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms in a significant volume into the blood. Currently, this is a fairly rare complication. In this condition, the patient complains of deterioration in health, body temperature more than 39 degrees, in more serious situations, blood pressure may drop significantly, the skin becomes bluish or pale, the pulsation is rapid and thread-like.
  • Osteoperiostitis. It develops when the inflammatory process involves bone tissue. For purulent periostitis, surgery is required. The main symptoms of the disease are greatly increased pain in the sinus area, increased temperature, and weakness.
  • Regarding the visual organs, minor consequences may develop, namely, swelling of the soft tissues, or serious consequences – purulent-inflammatory changes in the fundus of the eye.
  • . A similar pathology can develop as a result of penetration of a pathogenic agent into the ears. As a result, ear pain appears, hearing decreases, and the temperature rises.
  • Neuritis in the trigeminal nerve. This is a fairly common complication in which the nerve receptors become inflamed and swollen. It is quite difficult to treat and is characterized by severe pain.

The course of sinusitis can be acute or chronic. In addition, sinusitis can be one-sided.


In order to correctly determine the treatment, the doctor must determine the cause of the infection and the type of disease. According to the nature of development, the disease occurs:

  • viral;
  • bacterial aerobic or anaerobic;
  • traumatic;
  • mixed;
  • endogenous;
  • perforated.

Having determined the nature of the disease, the doctor will be able to prescribe the most suitable medications for complex therapy. Moreover, if you seek help at an early stage, you can do without the use of antibiotics.

Signs of acute sinusitis

Acute sinusitis with a mild course is characterized by the following symptoms:

  • mucous, in rare cases mucopurulent secretion released from the nasal cavities;
  • impaired sense of smell;
  • low-grade fever (about 37 degrees);
  • difficulty breathing through the nose;
  • minor pain in the paranasal sinuses area.

Symptoms of the chronic form

If sinusitis occurs in a chronic form, the following signs develop:

  • sense of smell worsens;
  • there is a feeling of heaviness in the maxillary sinuses;
  • unpleasant odor from the mouth;
  • a sore or sore throat due to periodic penetration of mucous secretions from damaged cavities;
  • the eyelids swell, conjunctivitis develops, especially in the morning;
  • slight lethargy appears.

When the disease worsens, a deterioration in well-being is observed. The following signs develop:

  • severe pain in the upper jaw, increasing when the head is tilted forward;
  • severe weakness;
  • on days 7-10, the mucous secretion becomes purulent;
  • the temperature remains within 37-37.5 degrees.

This form of the disease is characterized by frequent development of relapses, especially in cases where the root cause of the disease has not been eliminated.


At the end of the procedure, you need to stand for a couple of minutes with your head down. This is required for the final flow of the medicine and mucous contents. If the manipulation is carried out correctly, the solution will not get into those areas that are not needed. This way you can avoid a possible puncture.

Ointments for sinusitis for home treatment

In some cases, for sinusitis, the doctor prescribes special ointments. Currently, various effective external preparations with local antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects can be purchased in pharmacies. If you start using them in a timely manner, there is a possibility that antibiotic treatment will not be required.

Complex therapy for sinusitis involves the use of the following external medications:

  • Fleming's ointment;
  • ichthyol ointment;
  • Simanovsky ointments;
  • Doctor Mom (for children).

It is possible to prepare effective external preparations from available ingredients. But before you start using them, you need to consult a doctor.

How to avoid sinusitis

Sinusitis can develop in any person, but for the purpose of prevention, to reduce the risk of developing the disease, you should pay attention to some recommendations:

  • start treatment of any pathologies of an infectious nature in a timely manner, do not allow them to transform into
  • do not take without permission, as this may cause increased sensitivity of microorganisms;
  • visit your dentist regularly, this sometimes helps prevent odontogenic sinusitis;
  • if antibiotics are prescribed, you need to complete the course of treatment, and not refuse them if the condition slightly normalizes;
  • it is useful to harden;
  • In winter, you must wear a hat and scarf; outerwear must have a high collar;
  • periodically take walks in the fresh air;
  • If you have developed a runny nose, do not blow your nose too much, as this may cause the formation and damage of the vascular system.

The harm of self-medication

Since the basis of treatment for bacterial sinusitis is the use of antibiotics, uncontrolled use of such drugs can cause all sorts of health problems.

Long-term antibiotic therapy can harm the liver and other internal organs. In this case, dysbiosis, digestive system disorder, and weakened immune system may develop.

During treatment with antibiotics, the course must be followed. The medicine should be taken according to medical recommendations. If you refuse antibiotic therapy ahead of time, there is a possibility that the pathogenic agents are not completely destroyed, because of this the inflammatory focus may remain in the sinuses. As a result, a relapse or transformation of the disease into a chronic form is possible.

In the case when the treatment prescribed by the doctor is not carried out at all, but only folk remedies are taken, more serious complications may develop. In this case, the inflammatory process spreads to nearby tissues. In the future, there is a possibility of the formation of meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Such pathologies are difficult to treat and can cause disability and even death.

Conclusion

Many factors can provoke the development of sinusitis. It is better to start treatment in the early stages of the disease; for this you need to promptly seek the help of a specialist, and not self-medicate in order to avoid possible serious complications.

In most cases, sinusitis is accompanied by profuse nasal discharge. As a result of the inflammatory process, mucus, pus or blood clots accumulate in the paranasal sinuses.

The color of the discharge depends on the stage of the disease:

  • white or transparent. They appear when the disease begins and have a liquid consistency. Before recovery, the discharge may become thick;
  • green. Indicate an acute form of the disease;
  • yellow or yellow-green. Indicate the presence of pus in the sinuses. Often a sign of catarrhal sinusitis. The mucus is thick, viscous, with an unpleasant odor, and after drying it turns into crusts;
  • bloody. Observed in severe forms of the disease, which requires immediate treatment.

An untreated runny nose often leads to the development of sinusitis, so you need to pay attention to changes in the nature of nasal discharge, and if there is pus or other signs appear, you need to consult a doctor.

Fever

Often a symptom of sinusitis in adults is fever. It indicates the beginning of the inflammatory process and that the immune system has become more active against pathogenic bacteria, which caused the development of the disease.

In the initial stages of inflammation, slight fluctuations in body temperature are usually observed. In the acute form of the disease, it can rise to 39 °C, which requires the use of antipyretic drugs.

Local signs of inflammation

Sinusitis is most often accompanied by the following local signs of inflammation:

  • unpleasant aftertaste after eating;
  • swelling in the eyes, cheeks or nose (this is noticeable even in a photo of a patient with sinusitis);
  • impaired sense of smell (the patient completely or partially stops responding to odors);
  • increased lacrimation and sweating;
  • change in voice timbre, appearance of nasality;
  • unpleasant odor from the mouth or nose.
In most cases, sinusitis is accompanied by profuse nasal discharge. As a result of the inflammatory process, mucus, pus or blood clots accumulate in the paranasal sinuses.

The appearance of one or more of these symptoms is a reason to consult a doctor.

General signs of intoxication

The inflammatory process is helped to reduce decoctions of medicinal herbs used to rinse the nasal cavity. The most effective are those based on chamomile, calendula or oregano. A small amount of raw material is poured with water, boiled, and after cooling, filtered.

Signs of sinusitis in adults can be quite varied. An ENT specialist will help determine what exactly caused the headache and nasal congestion after a face-to-face consultation and relevant tests.

Video

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Sinusitis is a type of sinusitis. Sinusitis causes inflammation of the maxillary (maxillary) sinus. Sinusitis – this is the general name for inflammatory processes of the paranasal sinuses. If the disease affects only one sinus or two, located symmetrically, then the diagnosis contains the name of the sinus (sinuses) where the inflammatory process occurred. In hospitals, they mainly treat inflammation of the frontal or maxillary sinuses, as well as their simultaneous damage. The diagnosis of sinusitis is known to everyone, as this disease occurs frequently.

Causes of sinusitis

The main cause of acute sinusitis is an acute respiratory infection, the spread of infection due to dental diseases (odontogenic sinusitis), and an allergic reaction (allergic sinusitis). If acute sinusitis is not completely cured, it becomes chronic - it occurs long-term purulent bacterial inflammation maxillary sinuses.

Sinusitis can also be caused by a deviated nasal septum or the presence of chronic foci of infection in the nasal cavity and mouth (for example, chronic pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis, chronic rhinitis, adenoids).

The main link in the mechanism of development of both acute and chronic sinusitis is blockage of the maxillary sinus outlet, leading to inflammation and accumulation of pus inside it. Such a blockage can occur, for example, against the background of an acute respiratory infection, when the nasal mucosa becomes swollen and inflamed. Chronic rhinitis, which causes thickening of the nasal mucosa, can also cause sinusitis.

Both adults and children are susceptible to sinusitis. The incidence during the cold season increases significantly.

Symptoms and signs of sinusitis

Symptoms of sinusitis differ in different forms of the disease.

in the acute form, the symptoms of sinusitis are usually superimposed on the symptoms of acute respiratory infections, which provokes the disease. The first signs of the disease are increased body temperature, chills, general malaise, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing. But these common cold symptoms are quickly accompanied by pain in the face, which radiates to the teeth, forehead, and root of the nose. When pressed, the pain intensifies, spreading to the infraorbital part of the face. In some cases, swelling and redness of the eyelids may occur. Leaking acute sinusitis within two to three weeks. The disease usually ends with complete recovery.
symptoms of chronic sinusitis are less pronounced and erased, this often delays the identification and initiation of treatment of the disease. The main symptom of the chronic form of sinusitis is constant (chronic runny nose), which does not disappear with traditional treatment. Patients with chronic sinusitis often complain of headaches and pain localized in the depths of the eye sockets. These pains are often worse when blinking and go away when the patient lies down. Characteristic feature chronic sinusitis is the appearance of swelling of the eyelids in the patient in the morning, the development of conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) - a sign that sinusitis is spreading to the walls of the orbit. In both acute and chronic sinusitis, the patient’s sense of smell is dulled. The result of treatment of chronic sinusitis depends on the quality of treatment and the structural changes that have occurred in the maxillary sinus.

Possible complications of sinusitis

Complications arise when the disease spreads to neighboring organs from the maxillary sinus. If the infection spreads into the cranial cavity, it may develop meningitis, and encephalitis. The spread of infection to the orbit causes inflammation of the eyeball and its membranes (ophthalmitis). Most often, the cause of complications with sinusitis is refusal of appropriate treatment or non-compliance with its rules.

Diagnosis of sinusitis

Diagnosis of acute purulent and catarrhal sinusitis is quite simple. As a rule, it is enough for the doctor to question the patient, identify his complaints, examine the nasal cavity, and perform an X-ray examination of the facial sinuses. An accumulation of pus in the frontal and maxillary sinuses will appear as “fluid level” on an x-ray. Making a final diagnosis in this case is quite simple. The situation is more complicated in the chronic form of the disease: computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses is needed to identify a foreign body, polypous process, cysts and other changes. If chronic sinusitis does not respond to therapeutic methods of treatment, perform the operation.

Treatment of sinusitis

Viral acute catarrhal sinusitis can be cured at home. For this purpose, drugs are used that relieve swelling of the mucous membrane and accelerate the removal of stagnant contents. It can be otrivin, nazol, sinupret, rinofluimucil. It’s worse if purulent inflammation has already developed, then you need to regularly visit a doctor or go to the hospital. Sinuses with purulent inflammation need to be washed by moving fluids or using punctures. The results of treatment should be monitored by a doctor, who also prescribes antibiotics and other drugs (restorative, antiallergic, detoxification). With adequate treatment, the disease lasts no more than 10-12 days.

If the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses is chronic, then surgery is necessary. Its name maxillary sinusotomy The purpose of surgery is sanitation, in other words, cleaning the sinus. A foreign body, fungal colonies, or polyposisally altered part of the mucosa can be removed from the sinus; the natural anastomosis can be expanded or an artificial anastomosis can be applied to improve drainage in the sinus cavity. The extent of surgical intervention depends on the extent of the lesion. Usually the inflammatory process is localized in the maxillary sinuses, but with ethmoiditis, opening the cells of the ethmoid bone may be necessary, and with sphenoiditis, opening the sphenoid sinus. There are a lot of surgical treatment methods; both traditional and innovative (endoscopic) can be used. You can learn more about surgical techniques in a specific clinic where this or that method is practiced. The recovery period after such operations is short. Complications are very rare. The effectiveness of surgical treatment methods is 95-100%.

Treatment with folk remedies

Folk remedies are also used to treat sinusitis.

Propolis tincture is especially effective. You need to boil water in a saucepan, then pour half a teaspoon of 30% propolis tincture (alcohol) into it. The patient needs to breathe steam over the pan, covered with a towel.

You can mix honey, aloe juice and celandine herb in equal parts. The resulting mixture should be instilled into each nostril 5-10 drops three to five times a day.

For both acute and chronic sinusitis, it is useful to instill rosehip or sea buckthorn oil into the nose 6-8 once a day.

You can mix the following plants in the following proportions: eucalyptus globulus, St. John's wort, spiked lavender, sage, chamomile - two tablespoons each; string tripartite and common yarrow - one tablespoon each. Three tablespoons of the mixture are poured with two liters of boiling water. The decoction is taken one hundred grams 6 once during the day. In the evening you need to inhale this decoction 4-6 times, at hourly intervals.

Cyclamen juice will help get rid of headaches that often accompany inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. For a patient lying on his back, two drops of juice are instilled into both nostrils. After five minutes, a reaction appears: the patient begins to sneeze and cough, while he feels intense heat and sweats. Within 24 hours after the procedure, yellow-green pus of a thick consistency comes out of the nose, which was the cause of the headaches. As a result, the patient begins to sleep with a more restful, long sleep, and the disease gradually recedes. Cyclamen can be purchased at the pharmacy. The name of the drug containing it is Sinuforte.

If you have sinusitis, you can boil a partial kettle of water, put one tablespoon of honey in it, cover yourself with a large towel and breathe alternately through your right and left nostrils. Need to carry out 9 such procedures.