Sentence with exclamation intonation. Reference material
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1) narrative, they contain a message about any facts, phenomena, events, affirmed or denied |
The soul, as before, is completely illuminated by the unfading radiance of the past days. (A. Blok) |
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2) incentive, they express the will of the speaker (order, request, call, invitation to joint action, etc.) |
Forward! Without fear or doubt, perform a valiant feat, friends! Let the holy truth burn as our guiding star... (A. Pleshcheev) |
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3) interrogatives, they express a question |
What dreams do you have, Russia? What storms are destined for you? (A. Blok) |
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The question can be rhetorical, that is, it does not require an answer and is used as a means of expressiveness |
Didn't the sweetness of your sounds inspire those years? Was it not your joy, Pushkin, that inspired us then? (A. Blok) |
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II. Based on intonation, sentence types are distinguished: |
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1) exclamation marks, pronounced with a special feeling |
Oh, how madly outside the window the evil storm is roaring and raging! (A. Blok) |
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2) non-exclamatory, neutral in intonation: |
On a night like this, I feel sorry for people who are homeless. (A. Blok) |
Any of the sentences according to the purpose of the statement can be exclamatory/non-exclamatory.
Sh. Depending on the purpose of the statement, intonation and emotional coloring, it can be put
- at the end of the sentence:
b) a combination of signs: question mark and exclamation mark, exclamation mark (interrogative) and ellipsis;
- in the middle of a sentence:
b) exclamation or question mark in brackets - to express doubt (?), the special significance of a word (!).
And how, he says, were you able to do this? How did you have the courage? Marvelous! (A. Chekhov)
I know... I read... He writes well! He has some great places! (A. Chekhov)
He categorically (!) objected; He agreed with everything (?)
I Determine the types of sentences based on the purpose of the statement and intonation.
1) And where are you taking me, dark, formidable muse, along the great roads of my vast homeland? 2) How the world is changing! And how I myself am changing! 3) And Pushkin’s voice was heard above the foliage, and Khlebnikov’s birds sang by the water. 4) Love painting, poets! 5) Where can I find words for a sublime living song? 6) Don't let your soul be lazy! She must work day and night, day and night! (N. Zabolotsky) 7) Be merciful. Don't demand kingdoms. Treasure everyone with gratitude. Pray to the cloudless sky and the cornflowers in the wavy rye. (V. Nabokov)
I Explain how the purpose of the utterance, intonation
I and the emotional coloring of the sentence influence the placement of punctuation marks.
1) Am I not one of you, am I not close to you? Don’t I value the memory of the village? (S. Yesenin) 2) “You understand a lot!” - the hunter interrupted her. (M. Prishvin) 3) I am no longer your king from now on! (Ap. Maikov) 4) Memories - eternal lamps of the past spring
enchanting cover. (V. Sluchevsky) 5) It’s not surprising to look at you. (N. Nekrasov) 6) Distant ones, as if in reward, send stars into their frosty image. (A. Fet) 7) It was not the wind, blowing from above, that touched the sheets on the moonlit night. (A. Tolstoy) 8) Or are we worse born than others? Or didn’t they bloom and spike together? No, we are no worse than others. (N. Nekrasov) 9) Neither at home, a simple fireplace, nor in the noise of secular phrases and the bustle of the salon, we will not forget him, a gray-haired old man, with a caustic smile, with a supportive soul. (A. Apukhtin) 10) Will the past really disappear without a trace among the hours of melancholy and anger? (A. Apukhtin)
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More on the topic Types of sentences by purpose of utterance and intonation:
- 6. The relationship between the concepts of “language” and “speech”. Sentence and utterance in the aspect of contrasting language and speech. Self-referential and performative utterances. Characteristics of sentences according to the purpose of the statement.
Russian language lesson in 3rd grade
Subject: Sentences and their types by intonation.
Target : observation of sentences that differ in intonation;
Tasks: development and improvement of all types of speech activity;
formation of elementary linguistic concepts;
improve oral and written speech, make it more accurate and rich.
Lesson type : consolidation of knowledge.
Forms of work : individual, frontal, practical.
Methods: visual, practical, partially exploratory
Equipment :
Progress of the lesson.
1.Organizing moment.
2. Updating knowledge and recording difficulties in activities.
– What are some suggestions for goals?
– What suggestions are there for intonation?
Sam-but: continue the sentences.(card)
1. Sentences that are about something we inform, we narrate, are called ______________
2. Sentences in which we ask are called___________
(After the group’s answer, other groups evaluate the answer, similarly with the answer of the second group)
If you have worked at this stage of the lesson, paint one petal on the flower in any color.
3. Consolidation of knowledge about signs and types of sentences
A) - What series of words can be called a sentence.
on, flew away, warm
how, quickly, autumn flew by
sky, clouds,
winter is coming, sorceress
Why do you think these are proposals?
Determine the type of proposal for the purpose.
B) By yourself: tasks by rows:
1 row- come up with interrogative sentences
2nd row- come up with incentives
3rd row- come up with a declarative sentence
C) Choose sentences and write them down.
How beautiful fluffy snowflakes are!
Have fun
I love skiing in winter.
Do you like winter?
Where is the non-sentence written?
Why do you think the rest are suggestions?
Why is there an exclamation point at the end of the first sentence?
Now let’s determine what the proposals are
2) by intonation
4. Physical education minute
5 .Check yourself.
I read a sentence to you, and you put in the boxes the punctuation mark that, in your opinion, should be at the end of the sentence.
1. Leaves are falling from the trees.
2. A cold wind blew.
3. The puddles were covered with ice.
4. Let's play together.
5.Katya, have you learned the rule?
6. How wonderful the Russian forest is!
7. Our school has three floors.
8. It’s raining today.
9. Don't destroy birds' nests.
10.What books did you read in the summer?
6.Individual work
| offers | By purpose | By intonation |
| What a wonderful day today! | ||
| Have you written down your homework? | ||
| Be diligent and attentive! | ||
| I tried my best in class today. |
Find offers. Write them down correctly.
Why do snowdrops grow in winter? These flowers love light, so bloom quickly, spring flower.
How many offers have you seen? Name it. What are they according to the purpose of the statement? By intonation?
7.Reflection
Let's evaluate our contribution to achieving the goals set at the beginning of the lesson, our activity, work efficiency, fun and usefulness.
It was difficult for me...
I was able...
I liked it...
Look at your flowers. If you have a lot of colored petals, you worked well in the lesson.
8.Homework: card
Determine the boundaries of sentences and write them down.
Lyazzat had a cat, Murka, Murka had kittens, a cat and the kittens lived in the closet, one day a rooster got into their room, a fight broke out, the cat’s eyes were shining with rage, the fur stood on end, the cat bravely fought with the rooster, feathers flew from the rooster, Lyazzat came and kicked out the rooster.
There are many different syntactic units in the Russian language, the most frequently used of which is the sentence. But did you know that they can be very different from each other? In this article we will talk in detail about what types of sentences exist regarding the purpose of the statement and how they differ.
A proposal is called basic syntactic unit, in which there is some information about something, a question or a call to action. A sentence differs from a sentence in that it has a grammatical basis, which consists of a subject and a predicate. The main function of this structure is communication.
Important! The phrase should always be complete both in meaning and intonation!
In order for speech to be literate, you first need to understand the types and. This will make it easier to understand the meaning of what was said or written and to place the necessary punctuation marks.
First you need to determine what the purpose of the statement is? Maybe you want to find out something from your interlocutor or, conversely, convey some information to him? Or do you need the person to do something? That the result you want to achieve from your interlocutor, using phrases of a certain type will be considered a goal.
Sentences differ in types of utterance and intonation. Very diverse offers their various classifications, one of which is the division of these syntactic units according to the purpose of the utterance. So what types of phrases are there?
Constructions based on the purpose of the statement are:
- narrative;
- incentive;
- interrogative.
In addition, they differ in intonation and can be:
- exclamation marks;
- non-exclamatory
Exclamation marks are needed to give expression special emotional coloring. In writing they are highlighted with an exclamation mark, and in oral speech they are pronounced with a special intonation. Very often an exclamation is added to incentive structures. If you need to add more emotionality, then at the end you can put three exclamation marks: “Look, the moose is running!!!” This phrase will perfectly decorate the text.
Non-exclamative words are used to convey everyday information and facts. They do not imply the presence of emotional connotation and are highlighted in writing simply by a dot. However, if you want to add a little mystery or an incompleteness effect to your statement, then it would be more appropriate to use an ellipsis: “You know, I’ve been wanting to tell you for a very long time...”.
Types of offers
Narrative constructions
This type of statement is very common. They are necessary for reporting any facts, in this case, the information conveyed can be either affirmed or denied.
Important! A declarative sentence is always a complete thought.
When pronouncing a narrative statement, the main word must be emphasized in the voice, and towards the end of the phrase the tone must be lowered, making it calmer. There are many examples of narrative constructions: “I ate chicken for dinner today,” “In spring, you can often see schools of migratory birds.”
The narrative can be pronounced either with an exclamatory intonation, for example: “Sergey is an excellent student!”, or without an exclamation, for example: “I like to eat ice cream.” In writing, exclamatory narrative sentences are formalized with an exclamation mark, and non-exclamatory statements are marked with a period at the end.
Incentive structures
So what is an incentive offer? These statements are needed in order to motivate a person to take some action. Various phrases are used:
- plea: “I beg you, don’t!”;
- request: “Please, stop chewing!”;
- wish: “Please get well soon.”
Very often, in motivating statements, particles such as “let”, “come on”, “I beg”, “I ask” and so on appear. In oral speech they stand out using intonation, very often they are pronounced with an exclamation, and in writing they are highlighted with an exclamation mark.
There are also non-exclamatory incentive offers. They, like ordinary sentences, end in writing with a period.
Important! It is in incentive-type constructions that one can find (an indefinite form of a verb), a verb in an imperative form, or an appeal to the person to whom the expression is addressed. Such a sentence has no subject and can only consist of one predicate!
Incentive offers
Interrogative constructions
They are necessary to convey questions of various types. Each interrogative sentence can have its own purpose, so there are several different groups of such expressions.
Groups of interrogative sentences
- General questions. They can only be answered “Yes” or “No”. Examples: “Do you breed aquarium fish?”, “Do you have a dog?”
- Private questions. Used when you need to find out more about a person, circumstance or object. Example: “Who will go to the theater today?”, “When will the new shopping center open?”
Interrogative constructions also differ in character. It is very important to take into account the nature of the issue, since it will depend on it the answer you receive from your interlocutor.
Interrogative sentences
Classification by the nature of the issue
- Actually interrogative. Needed to obtain unknown information, an answer is required from the interlocutor. For example: “How to get to the library?”
- An interrogative-affirmative statement should be used if you already have some information and you need to confirm it. For example: “Didn’t he really know that?”
- Using interrogative negatives, you can express the negation of the statement that was originally embedded in the question. For example: “Well, why did I do this?!”
- Interrogatives contain a requirement or request to perform some action: “Perhaps we should go on a ferry ride?”
- There is no need to give an answer to interrogative rhetorical statements, since the phrase itself already contains the answer to the question. Usually these sentences serve as a real decoration for speech, for example: “Who doesn’t like to listen to nightingales singing on warm summer evenings?”
Interrogative constructions in oral speech must be highlighted with special intonation. Can also be used special signal words (who, where, where, from and others), You can also change the word order in questions. For example: “Does he eat fish?”, “Who eats fish?”, “What does he eat?” In writing, a question mark is placed at the end of any interrogative expression, but if you want to add a more emotional coloring to the phrase, it would be more appropriate to use question and exclamation marks together, as in the example: “Is it really so difficult for you to come to terms with this?!” In this case, the exclamation mark is placed after the question mark.
A sentence is a speech unit that combines several words related to each other. Each such construction has a specific meaning and intonation. There are several types of sentence intonation. They can also end accordingly using different punctuation marks. What are the suggestions for the purpose of the statement and intonation?
Sentences based on the purpose of the statement are divided into narrative, interrogative, and incentive. Each of them has its own characteristics, which should be examined in more detail.
Narration
Narrative constructions are the most frequently used sentences in terms of the purpose of the statement and intonation. Their goal is to convey information that is affirmed or, conversely, denied.
This design has a complete thought, which is conveyed using a certain tone. The characteristic of this type is that the person emphasizes the main word in a louder voice, and ends the statement in a low and calm tone.
This type occurs constantly in people’s speech. For example, when a child tells his peers: “Today my mother gave me a toy,” “I watched an interesting cartoon yesterday,” and so on.
Question
Constructions can also be interrogative. They are necessary in order to ask, to find out something from the interlocutor. What are the question type sentences? Such designs are divided into the following types:
- Generally interrogative, the purpose of which is to obtain confirmation or denial of certain information. The answer to them can be monosyllabic, simply “yes” or “no.” Example: “Igor was at work yesterday?”, “Do you have bread?”
- Private interrogatives, whose task is to obtain new information about a person, event, action, and so on. For example, “What time will the car arrive?”, “Who will be on duty today?”, “What weather is expected tomorrow?”.
A special intonation, which is used in oral speech, as well as a question mark used by a person in writing, helps to achieve the goals set for interrogative phrases. Question words also play an important role: Who? Why? When?, particles: really, really.
Also, such constructions are built in a certain order, first the question word is put, then all the other words, for example, “What time will you go to the cinema?”
Inducement
Suggestions regarding the purpose of the statement and intonation can also be motivating. Such designs involve some expression of human will. The purpose of such a phrase is to encourage another person to take some action.
Such a goal sentence is used when a person asks for something, orders something, or speaks about his wishes to another person.
The objectives of an incentive sentence can be achieved through the use of a certain intonation, the form of the imperative mood of the predicates and some particles, for example, such as “let”, “come on”.
Types of phrases by intonation
Now it’s clear what kinds of sentences there are based on the purpose of the statement, and what kind of sentences there are based on intonation?
Based on intonation, sentences are divided into several types depending on the emotionality of the statement. The speaker can pronounce phrases calmly, or perhaps emotionally, accordingly changing the volume and pace of his speech, as well as placing different emphasis in the vocabulary structure. Therefore, according to the intonation of sentences, there are exclamatory and non-exclamatory ones.
Non-exclamation
These types of intonation sentences occur every day and are used most often. To pronounce them, you do not need to show emotion and feelings; you can speak moderately and calmly. Usually such a construction is a narrative, a question, in rare cases - an incentive. (“I went to the movies with my girlfriend yesterday.”).
Exclamation marks
These types of emotional sentences, on the contrary, express feelings and convey emotions. They are pronounced in a special tone, often in a loud voice. In most cases, these types of intonation sentences are used in phrases that encourage something. (“Drive slowly, the road is icy!”).
What signs end different types of phrases in written speech?
Types of sentences by intonation and purpose are highlighted in writing in different ways. It is punctuation that allows a person to understand what speech structures, by purpose and intonation, are on paper or the screen of an electronic device in front of him.
You need to know the following punctuation rules:
- A narrative non-exclamatory phrase ends with a period. (“The long-awaited summer has come”).
- An interrogative non-exclamation construction ends with a question mark. (“When will your dad come home from work?”).
- An incentive non-exclamatory phrase requires a period at the end. (“Stop being capricious and eat.”).
- A declarative exclamatory statement ends with an exclamation mark. (“I feel so good today!”).
- The interrogative exclamation structure ends with two marks - a question mark and an exclamation mark. (“Can I go mushroom picking too?!”).
- An exclamatory statement must end with an exclamation mark. (“For the faint of heart, please leave the audience!”).
When the types of sentences expressed are especially emotional, you can put several exclamation marks at once. (“Caution, there’s a cliff ahead!!!”).
If the construction has the effect of incompleteness, then it is necessary to put an ellipsis at the end of the statement. ("I'm really sorry…").
Now it’s clear what kind of sentences there are in terms of intonation and purpose. It is important to know their features so that your statements are correctly perceived by people around you, both orally and in writing.
