home Endocrinology What is the sacred world? What is “sacred”: meaning and interpretation of the word. Sacred knowledge. Sacred place

What is the sacred world? What is “sacred”: meaning and interpretation of the word. Sacred knowledge. Sacred place

The meaning of the word sacred can be found in ancient literature. The word is associated with religion, something mysterious, divine. The semantic content refers to the origins of all things on Earth.

What do dictionary sources say?

The meaning of the word “sacred” carries with it the sense of inviolability, something irrefutable and true. Naming things or events with this term implies a connection with unearthly things. There is always a certain cult, holiness in the origin of the described properties.

Let’s track what the word “sacral” means using existing dictionaries:

The semantic content of the word is contrasted with the existent and the worldly.
Sacred refers to the spiritual state of a person. It is assumed that the meaning of a word is learned through the heart through faith or hope. Love becomes a tool for understanding the mysterious meaning of the term.
Things called “sacred” are carefully protected by people from encroachment. The basis is an undeniable holiness that does not require proof.
The meaning of the word “sacred” refers to such definitions as holy, true, cherished, unearthly.
Sacred signs can be found in any religion; they are associated with valuable ideals, often spiritual.
The origins of the sacred are laid by society through the family, state, and other structures.

Where does mysterious knowledge come from?

The meaning of the word “sacred” is passed on from generation to generation through sacraments, prayers, and through the education of growing offspring. The semantic content of sacred things cannot be described in words. You can only feel it. It is intangible and accessible to people only with a pure soul.

The meaning of the word "sacred" is found in the scriptures. Only a believer has access to the tools to achieve knowledge of omnipresent knowledge. An object whose value is undeniable can be sacred. For a person, it becomes a shrine; for its sake, he could give his life.

A sacred object can be desecrated by word or action. For which the culprit will receive anger and curses from people who believe in the sacraments. Church rituals are based on ordinary earthly actions, which acquire a different significance for the participants in the process.

Religion and Sacraments

Sacred acts can only be performed by a person who has earned the recognition of believers. He is a link with a parallel world, a guide to the other world. It is understood that any person can be enlightened and introduced to the mysteries of the universe through a ritual.

The higher the level of a person’s spiritual component, the more accessible the sacred meaning is. The priest refers to the bearer of the sacrament, and people turn to him to get closer to God, who is the source of everything sacred on Earth. One way or another, all people strive to know and join the clergy, following the established canons.

Additional definitions of the term

Historians and philosophers use the meaning of the definition of sacredness in a slightly different sense. In Durkheim's works, the word is designated as the concept of the authenticity of the existence of all humanity, where the existence of community is opposed to the needs of the individual. These sacraments are transmitted through communications between people.

Sacredness in society is stored in many areas of human life. The knowledge base is formed thanks to norms, rules, and a general ideology of behavior. From an early age, every person is convinced of the immutability of true things. These include love, faith, the existence of the soul, God.

The formation of sacred knowledge takes centuries; a person does not need proof of the existence of mysterious knowledge. Confirmation for him are miracles that occur in daily life thanks to rituals, prayers, and the actions of clergy.

1 Sooner or later, every person comes to the conclusion that the world in which he lives is not as simple and clear as they explain to us at school. Strange coincidences, unusual disappearances, terrible deaths that cannot be explained from a materialistic point of view, baffle people. Then he tries to figure out what is really happening in our reality. Today we will talk about another word, this Sacral, which means you can read a little lower. Add this interesting site to your bookmarks so you don't have to look for it again.
However, before I continue, I would like to show you a few more useful publications on random topics. For example, what does Kripovo mean, the decoding of the abbreviation LP, who is Niga, what does Nedotrakh mean, etc.
So let's continue Sacred meaning words? This term was borrowed from the Latin "sacralis", and is translated as "sacred".

Sacral- in a broad sense means everything that has to do with the mystical, otherworldly, religious, irrational, heavenly, divine

Sacred- this is everything that emphasizes, restores or creates a connection between people and the mystical world

Synonym of the word Sacred: ritual, sacred.

When people call certain things or actions sacred, they give them an otherworldly or sacred meaning.
Concept " sacral"is different from "holiness", insofar as it was first formed not in a religious, but rather in a scientific lexicon. Usually this term is used to refer to all known religions, including paganism, mythology and the very first beliefs of ancient people.
This word is used to describe things or phenomena related to esotericism, mysticism and magic.

The variety of sacred objects and concepts is quite large. These include all things, objects of art that are directly related to the divine. As a rule, we can talk here about church “utensils”.

Sacred time has nothing to do with the usual countdown of seconds and minutes “flying” by; with its help, initiates determine the order of conducting mysterious rituals and sacrifices.

Sacred books allow you to look at the presented religious teachings from different points of view. Sometimes this literature serves as an object of worship for believers.

Sacred place intended for communication with the higher world, the supernatural, otherworldly forces.

Sacred actions are intended to express worship of their deity, through worship or various rituals.

After reading this publication, you learned Sacred meaning words, and now you won’t fall into a stupor if you find this word again.

The end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century is a unique time in many respects. Especially for our country and for its spiritual culture in particular. The fortress walls of the former worldview collapsed, and the hitherto unknown sun of foreign spirituality rose over the world of Russian people. American evangelicalism, Eastern cults, and various occult schools have taken deep roots in Russia over the past quarter century. This also had positive aspects - today more and more people are thinking about the spiritual dimension of their lives and strive to harmonize it with a higher, sacred meaning. Therefore, it is very important to understand what the sacred, transcendental dimension of existence is.

Etymology of the word

The word “sacred” comes from the Latin sacralis, which means “sacred.” The stem sac appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European saq, the probable meaning of which is “to enclose, to protect.” Thus, the original semantics of the word “sacred” is “separated, protected.” Over time, religious consciousness deepened the understanding of the term, introducing into it a connotation of the purposefulness of such a separation. That is, the sacred is not simply separated (from the world, as opposed to the profane), but separated for a special purpose, as destined for a special higher service or use in connection with cult practices. The Hebrew “kadosh” has a similar meaning - holy, sanctified, sacred. If we are talking about God, the word “sacred” is a definition of the otherness of the Almighty, his transcendence in relation to the world. Accordingly, as connected with this transcendence, any object dedicated to God is endowed with the quality of sacredness, that is, sacredness.

Areas of distribution of the sacred

Its scope can be extremely wide. Especially in our time - in the boom of experimental science, sacred meaning is sometimes attached to the most unexpected things, for example, erotica. Since ancient times, we have known sacred animals and sacred places. There have been sacred wars in history, although they are still being waged today. But we have already forgotten what the sacred political system means.

sacred art

The topic of art in the context of sacredness is extremely broad. In fact, it covers all types and areas of creativity, not even excluding comics and fashion. What do you need to do to understand what sacred art is? The main thing is to understand that its purpose is either to transmit sacred knowledge or to serve a cult. In light of this, it becomes clear why a painting can sometimes be equated with, say, scripture. It is not the nature of the craft that is important, but the purpose of application and, as a consequence, the content.

Types of such art

In the Western European world, sacred art was called ars sacra. Among its various types the following can be distinguished:

Sacred painting. This means works of art of a religious nature and/or purpose, for example, icons, statues, mosaics, bas-reliefs, etc.

Sacred geometry. This definition includes the entire layer of symbolic images, such as the Christian cross, the Jewish star "Magen David", the Chinese yin-yang symbol, the Egyptian ankh, etc.

Sacred architecture. In this case, we mean buildings and buildings of temple, monastery complexes and, in general, any buildings of a religious and mysterious nature. Among them can be the most simple examples, such as a canopy over a holy well, or very impressive monuments such as the Egyptian pyramids.

Sacred music. As a rule, this refers to cult music performed during divine services and religious rites - liturgical chants, bhajans, accompaniment of musical instruments, etc. In addition, sometimes non-liturgical musical works are called sacred, if their semantic load is related to the sphere of the transcendental, or created based on traditional sacred music, such as many new age samples.

There are other manifestations of sacred art. In fact, all its areas - cooking, literature, tailoring and even fashion - can have sacred meaning.

In addition to art, such concepts and things as space, time, knowledge, texts and physical actions are endowed with the quality of sanctification.

Sacred space

In this case, space can mean two things - a specific building and a sacred place, not necessarily associated with buildings. An example of the latter is the sacred groves, which were very popular in former times of pagan rule. Many mountains, hills, meadows, ponds and other natural objects still have sacred significance today. Often such places are marked with special signs - flags, ribbons, images and other elements of religious decor. Their meaning is determined by some miraculous event, for example, the appearance of a saint. Or, as is especially common in shamanism and Buddhism, the veneration of a place is associated with the worship of invisible creatures living there - spirits, etc.

Another example of sacred space is a temple. Here, the determining factor of sacredness most often becomes not the holiness of the place as such, but the ritual character of the structure itself. Depending on the religion, the functions of the temple may vary slightly. For example, somewhere it is entirely the house of a deity, which is not intended for public visitation for the purpose of worship. In this case, honors are given outside, in front of the temple. This was the case, for example, in the ancient Greek religion. At the other extreme are Islamic mosques and Protestant houses of worship, which are specialized halls for religious meetings and are intended more for man than for God. In contrast to the first type, where holiness is inherent in the temple space in itself, here it is the fact of cultic use that transforms any room, even the most ordinary one, into a sacred place.

Time

A few words should also be said about the concept of sacred time. Things are even more complicated here. On the one hand, its flow is often synchronous with ordinary everyday time. On the other hand, it is not subject to the action of physical laws, but is determined by the mysterious life of a religious organization. A striking example is the Catholic Mass, the content of which - the sacrament of the Eucharist - time after time transports believers to the night of the Last Supper of Christ and the Apostles. Time, marked by special holiness and otherworldly influence, also has sacred significance. These are some segments of the cycles of the day, week, month, year, etc. In culture, they most often take the form of festivals or, conversely, days of mourning. Examples of both are Holy Week, Easter, Christmastide, solstices, equinoxes, full moons, etc.

In any case, sacred time organizes the ritual life of the cult, determines the sequence and frequency of rituals.

Knowledge

Extremely popular at all times was the search for secret knowledge - some secret information that promised its owners the most dizzying benefits - power over the whole world, the elixir of immortality, superhuman strength and the like. Although all such secrets belong to sacred knowledge, they are not always, strictly speaking, sacred. Rather, they are simply secret and mysterious. Sacred knowledge is information about the other world, the abode of gods and beings of a higher order. The simplest example is theology. Moreover, we are talking not only about confessional theology. What is meant rather is science itself, which studies, on the basis of some supposed otherworldly revelation of deities, the world and the place of man in it.

Sacred texts

Sacred knowledge is recorded primarily in sacred texts - the Bible, Koran, Vedas, etc. In the narrow sense of the word, only such scriptures are sacred, that is, claiming to be conductors of knowledge from above. They seem to literally contain sacred words, not only the meaning of which, but also the form itself is significant. On the other hand, the own semantics of the definition of sacredness allows us to include in the circle of such texts another type of literature - the works of outstanding teachers of spirituality, such as the Talmud, “The Secret Doctrine” by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky or the books of Alice Beilis, which are quite popular in modern esoteric circles. The authority of such works of literature can vary - from absolute infallibility to dubious comments and author's fabrications. Nevertheless, by the nature of the information contained in them, these are sacred texts.

Action

Not only a specific object or concept can be sacred, but also a movement. For example, what is sacred action? This concept summarizes a wide range of gestures, dances and other physical movements that have a ritual, sacramental nature. Firstly, these are liturgical events - offering the host, lighting incense, blessings, etc. Secondly, these are actions aimed at changing the state of consciousness and transferring the internal focus to the realm of the otherworldly. Examples include the already mentioned dancing, yoga asanas, or even simple rhythmic swaying of the body.

Thirdly, the simplest of sacred actions are designed to express a certain, most often prayerful, disposition of a person - arms folded on the chest or raised to the sky, the sign of the cross, bow, and so on.

The sacred meaning of physical actions is to, following spirit, time and space, separate from profane everyday life and elevate both the body itself and matter in general into the realm of the sacred. For this purpose, in particular, water, housing and other objects are blessed.

Conclusion

As can be seen from all of the above, the concept of sacredness is present wherever there is a person or the concept of the other world. But often this category also includes those things that belong to the area of the ideal, most important ideas of the person himself. Indeed, what is sacred if not love, family, honor, devotion and similar principles of social relations, and, more deeply, characteristics of the inner content of the individual? It follows that the sacredness of an object is determined by the degree of its difference from the profane, that is, guided by instinctive and emotional principles, the world. Moreover, this separation can arise and be expressed both in the external world and in the internal.

Sacred

Sacred(from English sacred and lat. sacrum- sacred, dedicated to God) - in a broad sense - everything related to the divine, religious, heavenly, otherworldly, irrational, mystical, different from everyday things, concepts, phenomena.

Holy, sacred, sacred - comparison of concepts

Holiness is an attribute of the Divine and the Divine. Holy- it has Divine qualities or unique beneficial properties, close or dedicated to God, marked by the Divine presence.

Sacred usually means specific objects and actions dedicated to God or gods, and used in religious rituals and sacred ceremonies. Meanings of concepts sacred And sacred partially overlap, however sacred expresses to a greater extent the religious purpose of the subject than its internal properties, emphasizes its separation from the worldly, the need for a special attitude towards it.

Unlike both previous concepts, Sacred appeared not in the religious, but in the scientific lexicon and is used in the description of all religions, including paganism, primitive beliefs and mythology. There are several positions with which the concept of the sacred is associated. Among them are numinosity, a chthonic, indifferent attitude to the system of sign exchange, inconsistency with the idea of the quantitative, an unarticulated and hidden character, and the idea of the sacred as the Other. Sacred- this is everything that creates, restores or emphasizes a person’s connection with the otherworldly.

What does the meaning of the word “sacred” hide?

What do dictionary sources say?

Let’s track what the word “sacral” means using existing dictionaries:

The semantic content of the word is contrasted with the existent and the worldly.
Sacred refers to the spiritual state of a person. It is assumed that the meaning of a word is learned through the heart through faith or hope. Love becomes a tool for understanding the mysterious meaning of the term.
Things called “sacred” are carefully protected by people from encroachment. The basis is an undeniable holiness that does not require proof.
The meaning of the word “sacred” refers to such definitions as holy, true, cherished, unearthly.
Sacred signs can be found in any religion; they are associated with valuable ideals, often spiritual.
The origins of the sacred are laid by society through the family, state, and other structures.

Where does mysterious knowledge come from?

Religion and Sacraments

The higher the level of a person’s spiritual component, the more accessible the sacred meaning is. The priest refers to the bearer of the sacrament, and people turn to him to get closer to God, who is the source of everything sacred on Earth. One way or another, all people strive to know the immutable truth and join the clergy, following the established canons.

Additional definitions of the term

What is sacredness?

User deleted

Sacred (lat. sacrum - sacred object, sacred rite, sacraments, mystery), the meaning is revealed in relation to the profane. The term was introduced by Mircea Eliade.
- sacred, treasured; about words, speech: having a kind of magical meaning, sounding like a spell.

I wish you happiness

SACRED - (from Latin sacrum - sacred) - everything that relates to cult, worship of especially valuable ideals. Sacramental - sanctified, holy, treasured. S. is the opposite of secular, profane, worldly. What is recognized as a shrine is subject to unconditional and reverent veneration and is protected with special care by all possible means. S. is the identity of faith, hope and love; its “organ” is the human heart. The preservation of a sacred attitude towards the object of worship is primarily ensured by the conscience of the believer, who values the shrine more than his own life. Therefore, when there is a threat of desecration of a shrine, a true believer comes to its defense without much thought or external coercion; sometimes he can sacrifice his life for this. S. in theology means subordinate to God. The symbol of sacralization is consecration, that is, a ceremony as a result of which an ordinary mundane procedure acquires a transcendental meaning. Initiation is the elevation of a person through an established sacrament or church rite to one or another degree of spiritual service. A priest is a person who is attached to the temple and performs all the sacraments except the priesthood. Sacrilege is a property attack aimed at sacred and consecrated objects and accessories of the temple, as well as insulting the religious feelings of believers; in a broader sense, it means an attack on a shrine. In addition to the theological understanding of S. as a derivative of God, there is an extensive philosophical interpretation of it. For example, E. Durkheim used this concept to designate the natural historical basis of truly human existence, its social essence and contrasted it with the concept of individualistic (egoistic) existence. Some religious scholars consider the procedure of sacralization as an essential distinguishing feature of any religion - pantheistic, theistic and atheistic: religion begins where a system of sacralization of especially valuable ideals takes shape. The church and the state are developing a complex and subtle system of protecting and transmitting the sacred attitude of people to the basic ideals of the established culture. Broadcasting is carried out using mutually agreed upon methods and means of all forms of social life. Among them are strict rules of law and soft techniques of art. An individual from the cradle to the grave is immersed in the S system generated by the family, clan, tribe and state. He is involved in ceremonies, ritual actions, performs prayers, rituals, observes fasts and many other religious instructions. First of all, the norms and rules of attitude towards the near and far, family, people, state and the absolute are subject to sacralization. The sacralization system consists of: a) the sum of ideas sacred to a given society (ideology); b) psychological techniques and means of convincing people of the unconditional truth of these ideas?) specific iconic forms of embodiment of shrines, sacramental and hostile symbols; d) a special organization (for example, a church); e) special practical actions, rituals and ceremonies (cult). It takes a lot of time to create such a system; it absorbs past and newly emerged traditions. Thanks to sacred traditions and the currently existing system of sacralization, society strives to reproduce a certain religion in all its horizontals (social groups, classes) and verticals (generations). When the chosen object is sacralized, people believe in its reality more strongly than in empirically given things. The highest degree of S. attitude is holiness, that is, righteousness, piety, pleasing to God, penetration with active love for the absolute and liberation of oneself from impulses of selfishness. Any religiosity is associated with S., but not every believer is capable of becoming a saint in practice. There are few saints; their example serves as a guide for ordinary people. Degrees of S. attitudes - fanaticism, moderation, indifferentism. S.'s feeling is whole, and the poison of doubt is deadly for him. D. V. Pivovarov

Alexei

holiness
SACRALIZATION - sacred. Involvement in the sphere of religion of public, group, individual consciousness, activities and behavior of people, social relations and institutions. In addition, endowing material objects, persons, actions, speech formulas, norms of behavior, etc. with magical properties and elevating them to the rank of sacred (see), holy, saints.
SACRED - sacred, holy - fictional creatures endowed with supernatural qualities - characters of religious myths. Religious values - faith, religious truths, sacraments, church. In addition, a set of things, persons, actions, texts, linguistic formulas, buildings, etc., included in the system of religious cult. Contrasted with the worldly.

What does the word "sacred" mean?

How do we understand “sacred”? What it is? Is this a mystical word? Can the sacred be magical? Is this some kind of big secret?

Andrey Golovlev

The word sacred is related to the Latin words sacralis - sacred, sacrum - sacrum, os sacrum - sacred bone.

It seems like a strange combination of sacred and bone. But in fact, there is no strange thing, since holiness is a connection with God (such people who have earned this from God with their lives are called saints). And like the holy spirit connects people with God, and the main bones of the sacrum, vertebrae I'm tying t of human tissue into a single body of the physical body. That is, we can say that the sacred in all cases has meaning" main connection", and this could be: a bone; the holy spirit; a ritual with objects used in it (baptism, wedding, ...); a special teaching for a person that connects him with (religion, special practice (including magical) , ..). Since this is the connecting basis, the sacred is protected: usually difficult to access and/or trusted only by a select few.

The sacred is protected from understanding by other people. It cannot be proven in a rational way. The sacred must first be accepted on faith. Yes, it is often mystical and even supernatural. Another understanding the word sacred- it's sacred. Sacrum is translated from Latin as sacred. It is kept secret so as not to be desecrated.

Chic

Sacred, -aya, -oh, -s
meaning (1): unprovable rationally, accepted only on faith, sometimes in the sense of mystical, supernatural.
meaning (2): sacred.
example text: Indeed, there is sacred power in that place. Not only lovers of sacred music came to the concerts. Where did the sacred number 54 come from? I’m not (another sacred word of today’s informals) emo/goth/punk. But I want to be a laborer! The source of this knowledge is often various kinds of secret signs, signs and prophetic dreams, which emphasizes its mystical, and therefore indisputable, sacred character. (T. Shchepanskaya). The tradition of sacred dance is widespread in Europe as a form of dance therapy. There was an idea to create a sacred center of the state on its border. The sacred meaning of our Russian coat of arms.
origin: Lat. sacrum - sacred.
[link blocked by decision of the project administration]

SACRED SACRED (from the Latin sacralis - sacred), designation of the sphere of phenomena, objects, people related to the divine, religious, associated with them, in contrast to the secular, worldly, profane. In the course of history, the process of sanctification and sacralization is opposed by desacralization and secularization of various aspects of human existence.

Modern encyclopedia. 2000 .

Synonyms:

See what “SACRAL” is in other dictionaries:

- [lat. sacer (sacri)] sacred; related to faith, religious cult; ceremonial, ritual. Dictionary of foreign words. Komlev N.G., 2006. sacred 1 (Latin sacer (sacri)) sacred, related to religious cult and ritual; ritual. 2 (… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Cm … Synonym dictionary

- (from Novolat. sacrum sacrum, from Late Lat. os sacrum, lit. sacred bone), sacral, relating to the sacrum. For example, S. vertebra, sacral vertebra, S. region, sacral region. .(Source: “Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary.” Editor-in-chief M... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

- (Latin sacer - sacred) - related to faith, religious cult, e.g. ritual, prohibition, object, text, etc. Large explanatory dictionary of cultural studies.. Kononenko B.I.. 2003 ... Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies

1. SACRED, oh, oh; flax, flax, flax. [from lat. sacer sacred]. Book Associated with a religious ceremony; ceremonial, ritual. C. the nature of the dances. 2. SACRED, oh, oh. [from lat. os sacrum sacrum] Special. Pertaining to the sacrum; sacral. WITH.… … encyclopedic Dictionary

SACRAL- 1. S. (from Latin sacer dedicated to God) sacred, related to religious cult and ritual; ritual. Wed. sacramental. 2. S. (from Latin os sacrum sacrum) an anatomical term with the meaning “sacral, relating to the sacrum.” Big… … Great psychological encyclopedia

Sacral- (from the Latin sacralis sacred), designation of the sphere of phenomena, objects, people related to the divine, religious, associated with them, in contrast to the secular, worldly, profane. In the course of history, the process of sanctification, sacralization... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

sacral- I. SACRED I oh, oh. sacral, German sakral sacer (sacri) sacred, holy. Concepts about the land law of the church, sacred, special, and part. Kartashev 2 440. Lex. SIS 1949: sacred. II. SACRED II oh, oh. sacral, German... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

sacral- oh, oh; flax, flax Relating to religious cult and ritual; ritual. To a large extent, it [the festive culture of the Middle Ages] goes back to traditional sacred actions of the era of mythopoetic pagan beliefs (Darkevich). Sacred and... Popular dictionary of the Russian language

I adj. Relating to a religious cult; ceremonial, ritual. II adj. Pertaining to the sacrum [sacrum I 1.]; sacral. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

Books

, . Sacred Oracle of the American Indians. The traditions and symbolism of ancient wisdom can help us find clarity and understanding. Contents: 33 cards + instructions...
Sacred Oracle of the American Indians. Sacred Oracle of the American Indians.

The traditions and symbolism of ancient wisdom can help us find clarity and understanding.

Contents: 33 cards +…

sacred, primarily related to religious cult and ritual. In a general cultural sense, it is used in relation to cultural phenomena and spiritual values. Sacred are values that are enduring for humans and humanity, those that people cannot and do not want to give up under any circumstances.

Great definition

from lat. sacrum - sacred) - everything that relates to cult, worship of especially valuable ideals. Sacramental - sanctified, holy, treasured. S. is the opposite of secular, profane, worldly. What is recognized as a shrine is subject to unconditional and reverent veneration and is protected with special care by all possible means. S. is the identity of faith, hope and love; its “organ” is the human heart. The preservation of a sacred attitude towards the object of worship is primarily ensured by the conscience of the believer, who values the shrine more than his own life. Therefore, when there is a threat of desecration of a shrine, a true believer comes to its defense without much thought or external coercion; sometimes he can sacrifice his life for this. S. in theology means subordinate to God.

The symbol of sacralization is consecration, that is, a ceremony as a result of which an ordinary mundane procedure acquires a transcendental meaning. Initiation is the elevation of a person through an established sacrament or church rite to one or another degree of spiritual service. A priest is a person who is attached to the temple and performs all the sacraments except the priesthood. Sacrilege is a property attack aimed at sacred and consecrated objects and accessories of the temple, as well as insulting the religious feelings of believers; in a broader sense, it means an attack on a shrine.

In addition to the theological understanding of S. as a derivative of God, there is an extensive philosophical interpretation of it. For example, E. Durkheim used this concept to designate the natural historical basis of truly human existence, its social essence and contrasted it with the concept of individualistic (egoistic) existence. Some religious scholars consider the procedure of sacralization as an essential distinguishing feature of any religion - pantheistic, theistic and atheistic: religion begins where a system of sacralization of especially valuable ideals takes shape. The church and the state are developing a complex and subtle system of protecting and transmitting the sacred attitude of people to the basic ideals of the established culture. Broadcasting is carried out using mutually agreed upon methods and means of all forms of social life. Among them are strict rules of law and soft techniques of art. An individual from the cradle to the grave is immersed in the S system generated by the family, clan, tribe and state. He is involved in ceremonies, ritual actions, performs prayers, rituals, observes fasts and many other religious instructions. First of all, the norms and rules of attitude towards the near and far, family, people, state and the absolute are subject to sacralization.

The sacralization system consists of: a) the sum of ideas sacred to a given society (ideology); b) psychological techniques and means of convincing people of the unconditional truth of these ideas?) specific iconic forms of embodiment of shrines, sacramental and hostile symbols; d) a special organization (for example, a church); e) special practical actions, rituals and ceremonies (cult). It takes a lot of time to create such a system; it absorbs past and newly emerged traditions. Thanks to sacred traditions and the currently existing system of sacralization, society strives to reproduce a certain religion in all its horizontals (social groups, classes) and verticals (generations). When the chosen object is sacralized, people believe in its reality more strongly than in empirically given things. The highest degree of S. attitude is holiness, that is, righteousness, piety, pleasing to God, penetration with active love for the absolute and liberation of oneself from impulses of selfishness. Any religiosity is associated with S., but not every believer is capable of becoming a saint in practice. There are few saints; their example serves as a guide for ordinary people. Degrees of S. attitudes - fanaticism, moderation, indifferentism. S.'s feeling is whole, and the poison of doubt is deadly for him.

Contents: 33 cards +…