home Folk remedies The first symptoms of small intestine cancer. Small intestine cancer - causes, signs, diagnosis, treatment. Diagnosis of ileal cancer

The first symptoms of small intestine cancer. Small intestine cancer - causes, signs, diagnosis, treatment. Diagnosis of ileal cancer

Small intestinal cancer affects its sections, which include the duodenum, ileum, and jejunum. The disease is diagnosed quite rarely, in 1% of cases of the total number of gastrointestinal cancers. Mostly male patients aged 60 years or more are predisposed to it.

At the initial stage, the disease occurs without severe symptoms. In this regard, many patients seek medical help already in the most advanced stage. First of all, this threatens metastasis and, as a consequence, secondary oncology.

Causes of the disease and its varieties

Among the reasons for the development of oncology are:

chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
benign intestinal neoplasms and inflammation;
malignant tumors located in other organs;
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and genetic abnormalities;
nicotine addiction and alcoholism;
frequent consumption of “heavy” foods;
consequences of radioactive radiation.

Experts believe that not the least important reason is a hereditary predisposition to cancer.

There are several types of intestinal tumors. Among these are adenocarcinoma (the tumor is covered with ulcers and has a fleecy surface), carcinoid (mainly localized in the appendix or ileum), leiomyosarcoma (one of the largest tumors, determined by palpation even through the peritoneal walls), lymphoma (the rarest tumor that combines signs of lymphosarcoma and diseases of lymphoid tissue).

Symptoms and stages

At the beginning of the disease, there are no obvious signs of small intestinal cancer. Phenomena such as nausea, periodic cramps and heaviness in the abdomen, heartburn, flatulence and stool disorders, irritability and general weakness rarely cause severe concern.

The manifestation of symptoms of oncology becomes obvious already at stages 3 or 4. Common symptoms of small intestine cancer include:

intestinal obstruction;
bleeding and damage to the intestinal walls;
formation of ulcers and fistulas;
disturbances in the functioning of the liver and pancreas;
pain during bowel movements;
general intoxication and accelerated weight loss;
lack of iron in the body.

Mostly, small intestine cancer occurs in the same way in both sexes. Additional signs of intestinal cancer in women include pale skin, menstrual irregularities and discomfort during urination.

Typical stages of disease development:

Stage 0

The onset of oncology is indicated by a few accumulations of atypical cells, their active degeneration and division. The onset of the disease at this stage can only be determined by examining the composition of the blood.

Stage 1

Characteristic is the location of the tumor within the small intestine and the absence of metastases.

Stage 2

The tumor can penetrate beyond the boundaries of the intestine and affect other organs. Metastases are not detected at this stage of the disease.

Stage 3

Metastases are found in nearby lymph nodes and organs. There is no distant metastasis yet.

Stage 4

Metastases penetrate through the lymphatic system to distant organs. Oncology can be found in the bones, adrenal glands, bladder, liver, pancreas, lungs, etc.

In rare cases, during the development of the disease, discomfort during swallowing food, a feeling of the presence of a foreign body in the abdominal cavity, and a false urge to defecate are noted. In each specific case, the symptoms of small intestine cancer are not the same and are determined by the influence of various factors.

Diagnosis and treatment methods for oncology

Diagnosis of small intestinal cancer is carried out using fibrogastroduodenoscopy and contrast fluoroscopy. Doctors can resort to irrigoscopy to identify tumors in the ileum.

No less important in the process of diagnosing the disease is radiography of the barium passage. Selective angiography of the abdominal organs can provide significant benefits for the correct diagnosis and further treatment of cancer.

The ultrasound method significantly helps to identify metastases and the degree of their development in other organs. To do this, the condition of the internal organs most susceptible to metastasis is carefully examined. Chest radiography, multislice computed tomography of the abdominal cavity (MSCT), and radiological bone diagnostics (scintigraphy) are performed. To clarify some data, diagnostic methods such as laparoscopy or irrigography may be indicated.

Enough attention is paid to the differential diagnosis of the disease. It is important to determine in time the differences between cancer and benign tumors, intestinal tuberculosis, obstruction of mesenteric vessels, Crohn's disease, kidney dystopia, and retroperitoneal tumors. Among female patients, special attention is paid to differentiating cancer from tumors of the internal reproductive organs, congenital small intestinal stasis and colon oncology.

Treatment of small intestinal cancer is complex and requires radical techniques. For this reason, it is often difficult for patients to tolerate. The main methods include:

surgical intervention;
drug treatment;
radiation therapy.

The most effective and frequently used method of treating the disease remains surgery. Resection, or removal of the affected area, can provide the best and most long-lasting results.

Traditionally, two types of surgical intervention are distinguished:

radical (the main goal is complete removal of the source of the lesion, including the problem area and the affected tissue adjacent to it);
palliative procedures (designed to alleviate the patient’s condition and improve the overall quality of his life).

The structure of the organ allows for radical action to remove a tumor that has spread to healthy tissue. Effective treatment methods include transplantation of donor intestinal fragments.

Drug treatment is used in situations where the tumor cannot be removed or is highly sensitive to the effects of chemicals. During chemotherapy, powerful toxins are introduced into the body, aimed at destructive effects on tumor cells. A significant disadvantage of this type of treatment for the disease is its severe course and the development of numerous side effects (death of cells of healthy organs, hair loss, weakened immunity, dyspeptic disorders).

Radiation therapy is an additional method of treating the disease, used to enhance the postoperative effect and course of chemotherapy. The procedure is carried out using special emitting devices. As a result, radiation-sensitive tumor cells are destroyed.

The method does not pose a significant danger to healthy cells of the body, since they have greater resistance to radioactive radiation and are able to effectively withstand it.

Traditional methods of fighting the disease

There is no doubt that small intestine cancer requires the mandatory assistance of qualified specialists and effective treatment methods. The use of traditional methods can play the role of an auxiliary stage aimed at overall strengthening the body and minimizing the manifestations of symptoms of the disease.

Traditional healers offer a variety of recipes to alleviate the condition of people diagnosed with cancer.

Recipe No. 1

It is recommended to use tincture from the pericarp of ordinary walnuts as an effective immunomodulator. To do this you will need 25 nuts and 2 liters of sugar syrup. All ingredients must be mixed, left for at least 3 days and taken two tablespoons daily before meals.

Recipe No. 2

An infusion of calamus root is useful. To prepare it, 30 grams of crushed raw materials must be brewed in 1 liter of boiling water. The warm infusion is taken every morning in small portions.

Recipe No. 3

No less effective is a decoction of buckthorn and chamomile in a ratio of 2 to 1. The mixture of herbs is poured with boiling water and simmered for 10 minutes over low heat. The finished product is taken up to 3 times a day after meals.

Recipe No. 4

Drinking fresh cabbage and pumpkin juice for a month can support the body during illness and treatment of oncology with aggressive chemicals. You must take at least half a glass of natural drink per day.

Such simple recipes can significantly strengthen the immune system and ease the course of the disease.

Prognosis and prevention

A favorable prognosis significantly depends on the period of contact with a medical institution, as well as the stage of development of the disease. Timely diagnosis of a tumor and surgery to remove it significantly increases the likelihood of a complete cure for the patient from cancer.

After surgical intervention at the earliest possible stage, pathological processes are eliminated for a long time. The main postoperative effect is secured by adequate chemotherapy. As a result, the chances of a favorable prognosis for the outcome of the disease increase significantly.

A simple set of preventive measures will help prevent small intestinal cancer. The following should be relevant:

active lifestyle and giving up bad habits;
minimizing stress, nervous exhaustion and physical fatigue;
the presence in the diet of plant foods with a high level of coarse fiber;
minimizing the consumption of foods containing animal fats;
visit a gastroenterologist at the slightest suspicion of manifestations of the disease;
regular visits to a gastroenterologist after 40 years.

Small intestinal cancer belongs to those forms of oncology that, with timely detection and a serious approach to treatment, can be eliminated forever. A considerable number of patients who have undergone an effective course of treatment for the disease continue to live full lives for many years.

Small intestinal cancer is a very dangerous disease that most often affects elderly (over sixty years old) men. According to medical statistics, a greater number of cases are registered in the countries of the Central Asian region.

Concept

Small intestinal cancer is a disease in which malignant neoplasms affect the tissue of one of its three sections: the ileum, duodenum or jejunum.

Most often (in almost half of the cases) the tumor is localized in the tissues of the duodenum, the second (30%) place in the frequency of lesions is the jejunum, and only a fifth of patients suffer from oncology of the ileum.

In the general structure of oncological diseases, this disease accounts for no more than 4% of cases.

Types of neoplasms

The growth pattern of small intestinal cancer tumors allows us to divide them into two types:

Exophytic, growing inside the intestinal lumen. At the initial stage of the pathological process, the tumor causes stagnation of the physiological contents of the affected parts of the small intestine (stasis), which eventually develops into intestinal obstruction. Exophytic tumors, which externally resemble plaques, polyps or fungi, are characterized by the presence of clearly defined structured boundaries. With ulceration of tumors of the exophytic type, they become saucer-shaped.
Endophytic (infiltrative), considered more malignant and dangerous. Tumors of this type do not have clear boundaries. Spreading along the walls of the affected intestine, they affect its membranes in layers and penetrate into neighboring and distant organs through a network of lymphatic vessels. A tumor of this type can lead to perforation of the intestinal wall and bleeding.

The histological structure of cancerous tumors of the small intestine is the basis for dividing them into:

: tumors arising from glandular tissues. The most common localization of these rather rare neoplasms is the region of the large duodenal papilla of the duodenum.
: This type of malignant neoplasm, formed from epithelial cells, can be localized in any part of the small intestine. It is most often found in the appendix, ileum and rectum.
: a fairly rare type of small intestinal cancer, represented by lymphogranulomatosis and Hodgkin's disease.
Leiomyosarcoma: Tumors of this type are so large that they can be easily palpated through the abdominal wall. The large size of the tumor provokes intestinal obstruction, ending with and.

Causes

Since the majority of patients with small intestine cancer developed against the background of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and inflammatory processes occurring in different parts of the small intestine, it can be assumed that the occurrence of a malignant neoplasm can be triggered by the presence of:

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome;
genetic abnormalities;
benign neoplasms in the intestine;
actively metastasizing malignant tumors of other organs.

Predisposing factors also include:

addiction to smoking and drinking drinks;
eating smoked, fatty, fried foods and excessive consumption of red meat;
exposure to radioactive radiation.

The likely reason that cancer most often affects the tissue of the duodenum is that, being the initial part of the small intestine, it is the first to come into contact with carcinogens contained in food, bile and pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas.

Clinical manifestations of the disease

A cancerous tumor of the small intestine does not show itself at first. The first symptoms appear only after the pathological process leads to ulceration of the tumor or narrowing of the lumen of the affected intestine.

Symptoms in the early stages

The first symptoms of small intestine cancer are characterized by a whole complex of dyspeptic disorders:

constant ;
vomiting;
bloating;
spastic pain in the epigastric region or in the navel area.

In addition, in the initial stages of the disease, patients experience:

the presence of frequent loose stools with tenesmus (false painful urge to defecate) and copious mucus secretion, as well as constant alternation of constipation and diarrhea;
varying degrees of intestinal obstruction;
painful sensations at the time of defecation.

General symptoms

General symptoms are characterized by:

the appearance of increasing weakness;
constant malaise;
severe fatigue;
loss of appetite;
a sharp decrease in body weight;
a decrease in the amount of protein in the blood plasma;
development of anemia;
poor skin and mucous membranes lining the oral and nasal cavities;
frequent headaches and dizziness;
persistent increase in body temperature (up to subfebrile values).

Signs of small bowel cancer in women and men

In the initial stages, small intestinal cancer develops almost equally in men and women. Some differences in symptoms appear as the tumor process progresses and spreads to neighboring organs.

When a tumor grows into the tissue of neighboring organs in women, the vaginal tissue is primarily affected; in men, the prostate is affected. When the pathological process involves the rectum and anal canal, patients of both sexes experience severe pain, spreading to the anus, coccyx, sacrum and lower back.

Men experience difficulties associated with the process of urination. This means that a malignant neoplasm of the intestine, having reached the bladder, begins to germinate in its tissue.

This process is accompanied by a significant increase in temperature and the development of an infection of the urethra (ascending type).

Degrees

Metastasis

Colon cancer most often metastasizes to:

How to examine?

The choice for detecting small intestinal cancer depends on the location of the pathological process.

Examination of the duodenum is best done using and.
Diagnosing the condition of the ileum will give better results using irrigoscopy and colonoscopy.
Using contrast radiography (barium passage method), the presence of obstacles and areas of stenosis that impede the passage of barium sulfate suspension is detected in the lumen of the intestine under study.

During each endoscopic examination, tumor tissue samples are taken for subsequent laboratory examination to confirm the diagnosis.

The following procedures help to detect the presence of metastases and confirm the fact of germination of a malignant tumor:

internal organs of the abdominal cavity;
multislice computed tomography;
bone tissue;
chest x-ray;
laparoscopy (this procedure, equated to surgery, is prescribed if there is some doubt about the accuracy of the diagnosis).

Laboratory methods are given auxiliary importance. For small intestinal cancer:

General blood analysis. Detection of low hemoglobin and increased ESR are typical for any oncological pathology.
. The detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in it not only confirms the presence of a cancerous tumor, but also makes it possible to establish its stage.
Urine analysis for the content of indican (a substance formed in the liver during the neutralization of indole, a toxic compound that occurs in the intestines as a result of the decay of proteins).
. In case of small intestinal cancer, markers CA 242, CEA, CA 19-9 can be detected.

Modern therapy

The most effective is surgery.

For duodenal cancer, complete removal of the duodenum (duodenectomy) can be performed, as well as gallbladder, pancreatic and distal gastric ectomy. In advanced cases of ileal gland cancer, an ectomy of the entire right half of the large intestine is sometimes required.

To restore the removed site, either enteroanastomosis is applied, articulating intestinal loops surgically, or enterocoloanastomosis, which consists in connecting the loops of the small and large intestines. If it is impossible to perform an extensive resection, the surgeon implants a bypass anastomosis using a healthy part of the intestine.

has an auxiliary value, although in some cases (if the tumor is inoperable) it is the only method of palliative treatment designed to alleviate the suffering of the patient.
is equally ineffective, so it is used either to improve the results of the operation during the postoperative period, or as a palliative method. There is evidence that with the help of radiation therapy, doctors managed to slightly extend the life of their patients.
Postoperative treatment of small intestine cancer consists in the combined effect of drugs (, and oxaliplatin) and radiation therapy on the patient's body. In order to definitely remove cancer cells from it, several courses of chemotherapy are carried out.

Prevention

The best prevention of small intestine cancer is to follow these simple principles:

Lifestyle at any age should be active.
The content of coarse plant fibers in food should exceed the content of animal fats.
Preventive medical examinations should be carried out regularly.
Patients at risk should register with an oncologist.
All chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract must be treated in a timely manner.
If alarming symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Forecast

Survival for small bowel cancer is determined by many factors: the patient's age, histological type, size and stage of the malignancy, and the timeliness of surgery.

With timely radical resection of the tumor (which has not metastasized to regional lymph nodes and distant organs), the five-year survival rate of patients is at least 40%.

Carefully! Video about surgery to remove a tumor of the small intestine (click to open)

Small intestine cancer is a dangerous form of the disease, often found in men over 60 years of age. The disease affects three parts of the intestine, which are called: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Small intestinal cancer occurs due to cell degeneration or mutation, which contributes to the formation of a tumor. The tumor is both benign and malignant. What determines the danger of this disease, as well as the features of its manifestation and treatment, we will find out further.

What is bowel cancer

Small bowel cancer is a category of malignant neoplasms that affect the intestines. Despite the fact that the pathology occurs in 1-2% of cases, every year the number of people with this diagnosis increases. We will find out what this is connected with later.

Cancer is a tumor that arises from the epithelial tissues of the intestine, as well as the glandular epithelium of the duodenum. The tumor can grow in various directions, both in the lumen and in the volume. Most often, cancer occurs, which affects in 50% of cases, as well as the jejunum (30%) and ileum (20%).

It is important to know! According to statistics, most often, pathologies of the small intestine are diagnosed in men, mainly from the Central Asian region.

Causes of pathology

Often, the causes of intestinal cancer are associated with existing chronic gastrointestinal diseases. It is not uncommon for benign tumors to degenerate into malignant tumors over time, putting a person’s life at risk. Small intestinal cancer occurs in people who are exposed to the negative effects of bad habits: smoking, drinking alcohol, and also in those who like to eat unhealthy types of food.

The exact reasons for the formation of pathology remain still not fully understood. Experts say that bile plays an important role in its occurrence. Due to its irritating effect, mutation of intestinal cells occurs, which contributes to the formation of a tumor. To determine the exact causes of intestinal cancer, a number of diagnostic procedures will be required. However, it is not always possible to establish the exact causes of the disease. If a person has relatives in his family who suffered from cancer, then the likelihood of his having cancer detected is quite high. Such reasons are called genetic predisposition.

Among the gastrointestinal diseases that contribute to the occurrence of intestinal cancer are:

The cause of the pathology is also hemorrhoids. This disease worsens over time, causing serious complications, including intestinal cancer.

It is important to know! The need to determine the causes of the development of pathology is due to the possibility of preventing the recurrence of the tumor.

Types of small intestinal cancer

Small intestinal cancer is divided into two types according to the properties of the tumor:

Exophytic. This is a pathology through which a tumor grows inside the intestinal lumen. In the early stages of the pathology, stagnation of intestinal contents occurs. Over time, an increase in the size of the stagnation leads to the formation of obstruction in the intestine. Exophytic tumors externally look like plaques, polyps and fungi, which have clearly structured contours. This type of tumor usually has a saucer-shaped appearance.
Endophytic. They are a more dangerous pathology compared to exophytic species. Endophytic tumors do not have clearly defined contours, so they spread throughout the affected intestine. The tumor spreads quickly, eventually affecting distant organs and a network of lymph nodes. This type of pathology often contributes to perforation of the intestinal walls, as well as internal bleeding.

Based on their structure, cancers of the small intestine are divided into the following types:

Adenocarcinoma. These are tumors that form in the glandular tissues of the organ. Adenocarcinomas occur very rarely and are predominantly localized in the area of the large duodenal papilla.
Carcinoids. Malignant formations, the formation of which is carried out directly from the cells of the epithelium. Localization of carcinoids falls on different parts of the large and small intestines. Usually, pathology is detected in the appendix, as well as in the rectum and ileum.
Lymphomas. A rare form of cancer, which is caused by the occurrence of Hodgkin's disease.
Leiomyosarcoma. One of the largest types of tumors that can be palpated through the abdominal wall. Due to the large size of the tumor, intestinal obstruction is provoked, leading to perforation of the intestinal wall and bleeding.

Determining the type of tumor allows the specialist not only to make the correct diagnosis, but also to determine the correctness of the treatment.

It is important to know! Treatment of tumors is carried out with the help of surgical intervention, however, the effectiveness of such therapy depends on the speed of diagnosing the pathology.

Manifestation of bowel cancer

Symptoms and manifestations of small intestine cancer depend on the location of the disease. In the small intestine, cancer can affect the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. If the tumor forms in the duodenum, then the symptoms of the manifestation of the pathology will be similar to gastric ulcers. In this case, the patient will experience a complete aversion to food. In the later stages of damage to the duodenum, the development of symptoms is observed, manifested in the form of problems with the patency of the biliary tract and intestines. The patient will show symptoms of nausea and vomiting, as well as flatulence and jaundice.

You can determine the pathology in the ileum and jejunum by identifying the first signs:

nausea and vomiting;
bloating;
bowel pain;
abdominal pain and stool instability;
frequent urge to go to the toilet.

It is important to know! Like all types of tumors, small intestinal cancer is quite difficult to diagnose in the early stages of the pathology, so the only sure way to identify the disease in a timely manner is to undergo examinations in the clinic.

Men are diagnosed with small intestinal cancer much more often than women. This is due to the fact that men are more likely to expose themselves to bad habits. In addition, the physiological structure of the reproductive system of women and men differs, which also affects the causes of pathology.

In women, the diagnosis of small intestinal cancer is associated with the development of tumors of the mammary glands, cervix and ovaries. In men, intestinal tumors occur during the development of prostate cancer. Over time, the tumor grows rapidly, contributing to the development of the following symptoms:

Additional signs of intestinal cancer are caused by the occurrence of symptoms of weight loss, lack of appetite, neurosis, excessive and rapid fatigue, as well as the occurrence of itching and frequent urges.

Tumors of the small intestine are divided into 4 stages:

The first stage is caused by the formation of a tumor that is located within the walls of the small intestine.
The second stage manifests itself in the form of the tumor emerging beyond the intestinal walls. There are no metastases, but pathological cells spread to other organs.
The third stage involves the transition of cancer cells to the lymph nodes.
The fourth stage involves the occurrence of metastases that occur in distant organs such as the liver, lungs and bones.

In gastroenterology, it is very important to determine the exact stage, which will ultimately affect the correctness of treatment measures. Let's look at how an intestinal tumor is diagnosed below.

Diagnosis of bowel cancer

Diagnosis of pathology depends on the location of the disease. To make an accurate diagnosis, the following types of examinations are performed:

The duodenum is examined using techniques such as fibrogastroduodenoscopy and contrast fluoroscopy. The contrast agent makes it possible to detect pathology at the first stage.
Ileal cancer is diagnosed using techniques such as irrigoscopy and colonoscopy.
The jejunum is examined using contrast fluoroscopy.

In the process of endoscopic techniques, tissue samples are taken, which is done for detailed laboratory radiation. To determine the presence of metastases, the following procedures are used:

CT scan;
Scintigraphy;
X-ray of the abdominal cavity;
Laparoscopy.

In addition to instrumental types of research, laboratory research is also carried out:

General blood analysis.
Blood chemistry.
Urine test for indican.
Blood test for tumor markers.
Fecal analysis.

Features of treatment

The most effective way to treat bowel cancer is surgery. If cancer is detected in the duodenum, a procedure is performed to completely remove it. Depending on the extent of the pathology, gallbladder, pancreas and distal gastric carcinoma cell ectomy are also performed.

To restore the removed area, it is necessary to perform enteroanastomosis or enterocoloanastomosis. If it is not possible to perform an extensive resection procedure, then a healthy section of the intestine is used. In addition to surgery, the following cancer treatment procedures are also performed:

Chemotherapy. It is used as an auxiliary therapy, and only in some cases allows it to alleviate the patient’s suffering.
Radiation therapy. It is often used after surgery to improve results. There is also evidence that radiation therapy can significantly prolong the life of patients diagnosed with cancer.
Use of medications. A combination of drugs and radiation therapy is used after surgery.

In addition to the above treatment methods, special attention is paid to traditional medicine. Alcohol tinctures, various decoctions and infusions are used for treatment. After surgery, it is important to switch to an appropriate diet, which will prevent the development of paresis, nausea, and vomiting. Proper nutrition after surgery can improve gastrointestinal motility. After a successful operation, the patient needs to be under the supervision of a doctor. After some time, the re-emergence of cancer cells cannot be ruled out.

Preventive actions

Prevention of small intestinal cancer is to follow these simple rules:

Lead a full and active lifestyle.
Eat as many fruits and vegetables as possible, and eliminate fatty foods from your diet.
Visit the clinic regularly for medical examinations.
If the patient is at risk, then he must register with the appropriate oncology registry.
Timely treatment of various diseases.
If the first unpleasant symptoms occur, you should immediately contact a specialist.
Play sports and walk outdoors as much as possible.

Cancer prevention is the best way to prevent the development of serious diseases. If you still suspect the development of pathology, you should not start treatment on your own.

Prognosis after surgery

The prognosis for survival for small intestinal cancer depends on a number of the following factors:

Patient's age.
Nature of the tumor.
Time to detect pathology.
Tumor stage.
Timeliness of the operation.

If the pathology was eliminated before the tumor metastasized to the lymph nodes and other organs, then the five-year survival rate is more than 40%. If the pathology is detected at stages 3-4, then the survival rate for 5 years does not exceed 10%.

Prognosis for patient survival after removal of cancerous tumors depends on how quickly the pathology was detected. The sooner the pathology is identified, the more effective its treatment will be. In conclusion, it is important to emphasize that, despite compliance with preventive measures, it is almost impossible to exclude the development of intestinal cancer. The only effective way is to regularly visit a gastroenterologist.

Ileal cancer is rare as an independent disease. As a rule, we are talking about metastases. Most often, malignant formations are represented by adenocarcinoma. There may also be lymphomas and sarcomas.

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Symptoms of ileal cancer

Clinical manifestations of cancer develop gradually. The first symptoms are dyspeptic symptoms: nausea, vomiting, impaired motor skills and severe spasmodic colic. The consequence is a decrease in appetite (aversion to food), and a rapid loss of body weight due to intoxication.

With multiple tumors, intestinal obstruction may occur, characterized by abdominal pain, vomiting, first gastric contents and then intestinal contents, bloating, dry skin and dehydration. With sarcomas, intestinal bleeding is often observed. As the tumor grows, it can compress neighboring organs, which can manifest itself in the development of pancreatitis, ascites, and intestinal ischemia.

Diagnosis of ileal cancer

endoscopy with biopsy;
fluoroscopy, MRI or CT scan with contrast agent;
laparoscopic endoscopy;
To diagnose tumors of the terminal ileum, colonoscopy and irrigoscopy can also be informative;
Ultrasound of the OBP is also performed.

Treatment of the disease

The approaches are standard: the tumor is removed, after which the remaining tumor cells are “polished” with chemotherapy.

Treatment of ileal cancer is usually surgical, that is, removal of the tumor. For inoperable tumors, chemotherapy is used with drugs that suppress the growth and further development of malignant cells.

Content

The appearance of tumors in the organs of the digestive system provokes chronic diseases and inflammatory processes. Since men often exhibit risk factors such as smoking and alcohol, small intestinal cancer is more common among them, especially after 60 years of age. You need to know the symptoms of the pathology in order to detect the disease in a timely manner.

Tumor localization

The loop-shaped small intestine is about 4.5 meters long. The tumor develops in its epithelial and glandular tissues. According to the localization of a cancerous neoplasm, three departments are distinguished:

duodenum - affected in almost half of the cases;
lean part of the intestine - cancer is less common;
ileum - single episodes of the onset of pathology.

Oncologists distinguish two options for the development of malignant neoplasms in the small intestine:

Exophytic tumor. Causes the growth of cancer cells inside the intestines. The growth is similar to polyps, plaques, provokes obstruction.
Endophytic formations. They affect intestinal tissue, compress neighboring organs. This causes the appearance of pancreatitis, intestinal ischemia, jaundice. There is a tendency for fusion with the bladder, uterus, large intestine, and neighboring loops, which ends in disruption of organ function. With the decay of cancer, the formation of fistulas is not excluded.

Clinical picture

Symptoms of a bowel tumor rarely appear at an early stage. The patient comes to the doctor at 3-4 stages of pathology development. The clinical picture depends on the degree of small intestine cancer. The patient may experience the following symptoms of the disease:

stomach ache;
sensation in the mouth of the taste of copper;
sudden weight loss;
nausea;
liver dysfunction;
decrease in hemoglobin;
vomit;
anemia.

As the tumor grows, the lumen of the small intestine is blocked, which leads to obstruction. The clinical picture is complemented by the following symptoms:

wall perforation;
intestinal bleeding;
intoxication of the body with tumor decay products;
entry of intestinal contents into the peritoneum;
the development of peritonitis;
dysfunction of the pancreas;
the difficulty of defecation;
anorexia;
fast fatigue.

The first signs of bowel cancer

The disease can develop asymptomatically over a long period of time. The first signs appear as small intestinal cancer grows; the patient seeks help when he is concerned about:

recurring abdominal pain;
stool disorders - alternating constipation and diarrhea;
increased gas formation;
nausea;
flatulence;
bloating;
spasms in the navel.

A person begins to worry about sudden weight loss. As a result of impaired lymph flow, ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity) is observed. Possible symptoms of bowel cancer at an early stage:

intoxication of the body - increased body temperature, vomiting, weakness;
false urge to defecate;
the appearance of mucus and blood in the stool;
aversion to food;
irritability;
chills;
heartburn;
vomit.

General symptoms

With the development of small intestinal cancer, the clinical picture of the disease includes general symptoms. They occur at all stages of the development of the tumor process. The following signs of pathology appear:

pallor of the skin, mucous membranes;
increase in body temperature to subfebrile values;
constant malaise;
headaches;
loss of appetite;
giving up meat.

With intestinal cancer, the following symptoms of neoplasm development are observed:

increasing weakness;
sudden weight loss;
rapid fatigue;
stool disorder;
aching bones;
hard breath;
excretion of urine during defecation;
the appearance of mucus and blood in the stool;
dizziness;
persistent hyperthermia;
pain syndrome in the epigastric region.

In later stages

Diagnosis of cancer in the last stages of development complicates the treatment process. The disintegration of the tumor leads to general poisoning of the body. Patients at this stage feel severe pain that radiates to the lumbar region, sacrum, anus. Poor permeability of the small intestine and bile ducts causes the following symptoms:

incessant vomiting;
increased gas formation;
development of jaundice;
intestinal ischemia;
pancreatitis.

Compression of neighboring organs by a malignant neoplasm, the occurrence of fistulas provokes the appearance of cancer symptoms:

intestinal bleeding;
pain during bowel movements;
disruption of the gastrointestinal tract;
sudden changes in mood;
neuroses;
severe fatigue;
peritonitis;
exhaustion;
dry skin;
disorders of the functioning of neighboring organs;
low protein levels in the blood.

When the tumor metastasizes

The small intestine is located so that many important organs are nearby. At the stage of metastasis, their damage begins. In addition, through the blood, malignant cells spread throughout the body to distant lymph nodes. The following organs are affected by cancer:

Distinctive signs of cancer in men and women

According to the observations of physicians, the general symptoms of the development of a malignant neoplasm are similar for the male and female body. There are some minor peculiarities in the course of this dangerous disease. If the small intestine is damaged, the following signs can be noted:

Video

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give treatment recommendations based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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