Biology at the Lyceum. Emergency treatment for respiratory diseases Attack of bronchial asthma

Respiratory hygiene. First aid for respiratory arrest. Summary of a biology lesson in 8th grade Lesson objectives: Educational: to update and develop students’ knowledge about the respiratory system, introduce them to respiratory diseases, consider the effect of smoking on the respiratory system, form a negative attitude towards smoking; introduce first aid for respiratory arrest Developmental: develop the ability to choose the correct statement, analyze, generalize, draw conclusions; continue to formulate the basics of hygiene (breathing hygiene rules); developing first aid skills for respiratory injuries. Educational: to instill respect for the respiratory system and health in general. Equipment: computer, slide support (presentation), table “Respiratory Organs”, biology textbook “Biology. 8th grade.” Rokhlov V.S., Trofimov S.B. Lesson progress 1. Organizational moment.    2. greeting; preparing the audience for work; presence of students in the class. Testing students' knowledge. Breathing is synonymous with life. What is breathing? What organs make up the respiratory system? Please show it on the slide (slide 1) And now the task “Finish the sentences” (slide 2) 3. Studying new material You can’t lock a person in a box, ventilate your home cleaner and more often. V.V. Mayakovsky: (slide 3) Student answers. = Today we will find out the causes of breathing problems (we have already talked about them in part, studying the organs of the respiratory system and measures to prevent them.) Write down the date and topic of the lesson in notebooks. The respiratory organs have a direct connection with the outside world; they are the first to receive the blows of various harmful environmental factors. Teacher: please name these factors Students: dust, bacteria, environmental conditions, smoking, etc. Teacher: A person inhales and exhales in one minute - 5 liters of air, in one hour - 300 liters of air, in one day 7200 liters of air. Let's say that there are five dust particles in one liter of air. How many particles will a student inhale during a lesson? And per day? Count and write down the resulting number - 1125 particles 36000 particles. (slide 6) We are always surrounded by an invisible cloud of dust. It spoils your home, clothes, food. But, most importantly, dust in the air is harmful to human health. (student’s message about the dangers of dust) Student: M.V. Lomonosov also wrote about the dangers of “stone and earth dust.” And only 100 years later the effect of dust on the body was studied. The backbreaking working conditions of miners were described by Emile Zola in his novel “Germinal,” where he talked about workers who, when coughing, spit out coal black phlegm. There are always bacteria in the air along with dust. They settle on dust particles and, like on parachutes, remain suspended for a long time. Where there is a lot of dust in the air, there are a lot of microbes. In a clean living room there are 1520 of them in 1 m of air, on the street - up to 5 thousand. Teacher: An Italian proverb says: “Where there is no ray of sunshine, a doctor often comes there.” (Slide 7,8,9) But, unfortunately, a person himself aggravates the condition of the respiratory system - he does not breathe correctly, and in particular by smoking. We already know about the dangers of smoking on the organs of the cardiovascular system, but what happens to the lungs from this bad habit. Student message. (about the dangers of smoking on the respiratory system) (slides 1011) A smoker exposes his body to severe poisoning through the respiratory system. When analyzing tobacco smoke, chemists identified 91 organic substances, 9000 and 1200 solid and gaseous compounds. Nicotine causes poisoning in the body. People who smoke are much more likely to develop chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, tuberculosis and asthma. A non-smoker protects not only his own health, but also the health of those around him. It was found that carbon monoxide disappears from the blood 8 hours after the last one, lung function is restored after 9 months, after 5 years the probability of a stroke is equal to that of non-smokers, after 10 years the probability of getting cancer decreases and after 15 years the probability of a heart attack decreases. Passive smoking. (slide 12) People who are active smokers harm not only their health, but also the health of the people around them, especially their loved ones. There is such a thing as a “passive smoker”. This is a person who does not smoke himself, but is surrounded by people who smoke and receives approximately the same amount of nicotine and other harmful substances contained in tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke does not pass through the cigarette filter and therefore contains more toxins. 75% of nicotine and 70% of carbon enter the atmosphere when smoking tobacco. I urge you to love yourself, your brain, your liver and heart, friends. Draw your own conclusion immediately - Smoking is dangerous and harmful for a person! What should you do to improve the condition of your respiratory tract? Student answers: fight air pollution; visit the country more often; quitting smoking; lead a healthy lifestyle. Everything you have named now will be your task for life. Diseases are easier to prevent than to cure; to do this, it is necessary to strengthen the respiratory system, thereby protecting yourself from harmful environmental factors. Let's do some breathing exercises. Demonstration of hygienic exercises to prevent breathing “It smells like burning, “Candle”” Stand up straight. Hands at your sides. Feet shoulder width apart. Take short, injection-like breaths, sniffing loudly through your nose. Force your nostrils to connect as you inhale. Train 2 – 4 breaths in a row. Attention to inhalation. The deeper the inhalation, the more imperceptible the exhalation. Pay attention to short exhalations through the mouth, inhalation through the nose. Exercise "Pump". Starting position – standing or sitting straight, legs slightly narrower than shoulder width. Inhale loudly and slowly bend over, and then just as slowly return to the starting position, as if you were pumping. Do 8 series 8 times. : Among the diseases that affect the respiratory system, there are infectious, Teacher, allergic, and inflammatory. (slide 13) The most common viral infections are influenza and acute respiratory (respiratory) diseases, tonsillitis, and tuberculosis. There are droplet and droplet dust infections. Droplets are transmitted by coughing, sneezing, or talking: particles containing pathogenic microorganisms are released with exhaled air. Dust droplets are transmitted through contact with objects used by the patient. Student messages: 1. Flu. (slide 14) Influenza is a viral disease related to airborne infection. It spreads quickly because The virus is stable in the environment, and infection occurs through droplets of mucus from patients that enter the air when coughing and sneezing. Flu is dangerous due to possible complications. Sick and healthy people should cover their nose and mouth with gauze bandages when communicating; keeping the premises and air clean is of great importance in the prevention of influenza. The influenza virus affects people of all ages. This is the most common disease of all existing ones. The influenza virus changes its shape under the influence of drugs. Epidemiologists constantly update the serum in accordance with changes in the virus, so that a massive flu epidemic does not occur; doctors recommend that you get a flu shot in advance. 2. Tuberculosis is a chronic lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Koch's bacillus. (slide 8 demonstration). The disease begins gradually and progresses slowly. At first, the patient may not know that he is sick. However, over time, weakness increases, coughing appears, streaks of blood appear in the sputum, and body temperature rises to 37.2 - 37.9 ° C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also affect other organs, causing tuberculosis of the kidneys, skin, eyes, etc. The main source of the spread of tuberculosis is a sick person who, when coughing, sneezing, laughing, secretes small droplets of sputum and saliva, which contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis; with these droplets they are scattered around at a distance of 0.51.5 m and are contained in the air for about 3060 minutes . With the air they penetrate into the lungs of nearby people. The disease, despite long-term treatment and a large amount of honey. drugs, curable. The patient must strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene: have his own towel, separate dishes, etc. (slide 1516) Manifestation of the disease: lung tissue disintegrates and turns into a loose mass. The poison secreted by microbes poisons the entire body. Detection of the disease at an early stage: take a fluorography x-ray of the chest. The first fluorography room appeared in 1924 in Rio de Janeiro. Teacher: poisoning with vapors of ammonia, chlorine and other chemicals reflexively stops breathing. Breathing stops in drowned people after electric shock or with serious injuries. Soon the heart stops. However, death does not occur immediately: while the brain is alive, it is possible to restore the fading functions of the body. The reversible phase of oncoming death is called clinical death. It lasts only 57 minutes, during which you can still bring a person back to life. Techniques for returning to life are called resuscitation. Biological death occurs due to irreversible loss of brain function and cardiac arrest. In case of loss of consciousness and spontaneous breathing is switched off, artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage are used. “Providing first aid in case of respiratory arrest. Prevention of respiratory diseases” (slide 17) work according to the textbook page 209210 “Artificial respiration “mouth to mouth”” When the victim is lying on his back, first of all, remove from the mouth everything that has got there and may interfere with breathing. Open the airway by tilting your head back and lifting your chin, pinch your nose with your index finger and thumb, inhale deeply and press your lips firmly against the victim's. Inhale forcefully into the victim's mouth until you see the cage rise. Remove your lips and let your chest drop, “Mouth-to-nose artificial respiration.” If you rescue a person in the water and it is impossible to open the victim’s mouth, you can perform mouth-to-nose artificial respiration. It's easy to blow air into your nose, but it's hard to get the air where you want it to go. Soft tissue in the nose can block the passage of air. “Indirect cardiac massage” If there is no pulse, then the heart has stopped. You will have to do chest compressions. The victim lies on his back on a hard surface. Bend over him and feel his lower ribs with your fingers. Place the palm of your other hand on the rib and lower it down to your index finger. This is where you will apply pressure to your chest. Place one hand on top of the other. Apply 45 cm of pressure to your chest. Then release the pressure without removing your hands. Repeat the pressure approximately 80 times per minute. /Demonstration of techniques is carried out on a dummy/ Practical work. Question No. 1. You have witnessed a tragedy - a man is drowning on the river! Fortunately, he was pulled ashore. But what to do next? Remember, delay is like death! Question No. 2. People tried to bury a person struck by an electric current in the ground (as first aid). An ambulance arrived and saved him from imminent death. Explain why a person could have died without medical help and what first aid from a doctor saved him? Question No. 3. Cardiac arrest occurred with breath holding. You have 5 minutes at your disposal. Take action! “General conclusions of the lesson” Breathing must be correct. A necessary condition for normal gas exchange is clean air. Smoking is harmful to the respiratory system. Infectious diseases include influenza, ARVI, diphtheria, tuberculosis. Preventive measures to combat respiratory system diseases include:  Dust control,  Wet cleaning,  Ventilation of premises. Reflection. Reflection algorithm. I - how I felt during the learning process, whether I was comfortable, whether I was satisfied with myself. We - how comfortable I was working in a small group; I helped my comrades, they helped me - that was more; I had difficulties with the group. The point is that I have achieved the goal of the teaching; I need this material for further study (practice, just interesting); what did you find difficult, why; How can I overcome my problems?

First aid for respiratory damage

Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract

Talking while eating and careless games often lead to foreign objects - fish bones, beans, peas, and even coins and pebbles that children played with - getting into the respiratory tract: the nose, larynx, trachea. If such an object gets into your nose, you must close the other nostril and try to blow out the foreign object. If this does not work, you should consult a doctor, since inept actions can drive the foreign body even further.

Foreign bodies entering the larynx occur when the larynx is not closed sufficiently epiglottis. This is accompanied by severe bouts of coughing, due to which foreign particles are removed from the larynx. If coughing does not help, you can hit the victim on the back several times, after bending him over the knee so that the head drops as low as possible. Small children are simply lifted by their feet. If this does not help, you must urgently take the victim to a medical facility.

First aid for drowning, suffocation and entrapment

In each of these cases, the flow of outside air into the lungs stops. Insufficient oxygen supply to the brain can lead to death within 2-3 minutes. Therefore, we must act clearly and quickly.

After a drowning person has been removed from the water, first of all it is necessary to clear his mouth of dirt and remove water from his lungs and stomach. For this purpose, the victim is thrown over the knee and the stomach and chest are squeezed with sharp movements or shaken. If breathing and cardiac activity stop, you should not wait until all the water is removed from the respiratory system; it is more important to start artificial respiration and chest compressions.

Suffocation can occur when the throat is compressed or the tongue sinks in. The latter often happens when fainting when a person suddenly loses consciousness for a short time. Therefore, first of all, you need to listen to your breathing. If it is accompanied by wheezing or stops altogether, you need to open your mouth and pull your tongue forward or change the position of your head, tilting it back. It is useful to smell ammonia or other substances with a pungent odor. This stimulates the respiratory center and helps restore breathing.

Noisy, difficult breathing also occurs when swelling of the larynx , the skin and mucous membranes turn blue. In this case, a cold compress should be applied to the outer surface of the neck, and the legs should be immersed in a basin of hot water. The patient must be taken to a medical facility as soon as possible.

Particularly severe damage to the respiratory system occurs due to blockages of earth. With prolonged compression of skeletal muscles, toxic compounds accumulate in them. When the human body is released from compression, these substances rush into the bloodstream and disrupt the functions of the kidneys, heart and liver.

After removing a person from the rubble, it is necessary first of all to restore breathing: clear the mouth and nose of dirt and begin artificial respiration and chest compressions. Only after these important processes have been restored can we begin to inspect the damage and apply tourniquets and splints.

When covered with earth or drowning, it is important to warm the victim. To do this, they rub him, wrap him in warm clothes, and give him tea, coffee and other hot drinks. It is impossible to warm the victim with heating pads or hot water bottles, as this can cause burns and disrupt the normal distribution of blood between organs.

First aid for electrical injuries

Lightning and electric shock have much in common, and therefore they are united under one concept - electrical injury . If a person is injured by a technical electric current, first of all it is necessary to de-energize the wire. This is not always easy to do: if a person grabs a wire with his hand, it is almost impossible to tear him away from the wire, since his muscles are paralyzed. It is easier to turn off the switch or simply pull the wire away from the victim, of course, having previously isolated yourself from the action of the current (you should use rubber gloves and shoes, and a dry wooden stick).

There is no need to turn off the power to a lightning victim. You can safely touch it. But the consequences of defeat are largely similar. They depend on the strength and direction of the current, on what voltage the person was under, what condition his skin and clothes were in. Moisture reduces the resistance of the skin, and therefore the electric shock is more severe.

In the places where the technical current enters and exits, funnel-shaped wounds are visible, reminiscent of burn injuries. The current affects the nervous system, the person loses consciousness and stops breathing. The heart works weakly, and it is not always possible to listen to the pulse.

If the electrical injury was relatively weak and the person came out of fainting on his own, it is necessary to examine the external lesions, apply a bandage and immediately send the victim to the hospital, since repeated loss of consciousness may occur due to heart failure. The victim is brought warmly and covered to the hospital. It is useful to give a pain reliever, such as analgin, and keep complete rest. Heart medications are also useful: valerian, Zelenin drops.

In severe cases, breathing stops. Then apply artificial respiration , and in case of cardiac arrest - his indirect massage .

Artificial respiration and chest compressions

As a result of accidents (drowning, lightning strike, severe burn, poisoning, injury), a person may lose consciousness. His heart stops, his breathing stops, clinical death . Unlike the biological one, this condition is reversible. Activities related to bringing a person out of clinical death are called resuscitation (lit.: revival). Biological death occurs after brain death.

If the functioning of the heart and lungs is restored within 5-7 minutes, the person will live. Immediate action can save him - artificial respiration And indirect cardiac massage .

First of all, the patient should be placed on his back on a hard surface, with his head thrown back. Then unbutton your clothes and expose your chest. Cover your nose or mouth with gauze and blow air vigorously (16 times per minute).

When assisting a drowning person, you must first free the oral cavity from silt and sand, and the lungs and stomach from water.

If the heart does not beat, artificial respiration is combined with indirect cardiac massage - rhythmic pressure on the sternum (60 times per 1 minute). Air is injected every 5-6 pressures. It is necessary to check your pulse periodically.

The appearance of a pulse is the first sign of resumption of heart function. Artificial respiration and cardiac massage sometimes have to be done for a long time - 20-50 minutes. First aid is completed when the victim regains consciousness and begins to breathe on his own.

First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning

Poisoning occurs as a result of inhalation of carbon monoxide, lamp gas, generator gas, combustion products, smoke due to the formation ofcarboxyhemoglobinand impaired oxygen transport in the blood.

For mild poisoning the skin turns bright pink and dizziness begins. There is tinnitus, general weakness, nausea, vomiting, weak pulse, fainting.

In case of severe poisoning there is immobility, convulsions, disturbances in vision, breathing and heart function, loss of consciousness for hours and even days.

First aid:

• Remove the victim to fresh air or a well-ventilated area.
• Free him from clothes that are restricting his breathing, create peace, give him a sniff of cotton wool with ammonia.
• If breathing stops, artificial respiration must be performed. In case of cardiac arrest, immediately begin chest compressions at the scene of the incident.

When foreign bodies enter the respiratory tract, all efforts of the person providing assistance are aimed at ensuring that it is pushed out with a stream of air. You should not try to remove an object stuck in the nose or larynx, as you can push it even deeper.

First aid for drowning, blockages of earth, or suffocation is carried out in several stages. At the first stage, the upper respiratory tract is cleared of dirt, water is removed from the stomach and lungs, at the second stage artificial respiration and chest compressions begin.

In case of electrical injuries, first of all, you must turn off the switch and throw away the wire with a wooden object. When breathing and cardiac activity stop, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage are used.

First aid for chest bruises is as follows; it is necessary to create complete rest, a semi-sitting position for the victim; in case of sharp pain during breathing, apply a circular bandage with a bandage as you exhale or with a towel, tie the ribs well with a sheet (so that the bandage does not slip down, before applying it, you need to hang a piece of a bit over your shoulder, the ends of which are then tied on the second shoulder) and call a doctor.

Development is possible pneumothorax. In case of open pneumothorax, an airtight bandage is applied;1 you must call a doctor.

2.5. Providing first aid in case of accidents on water

Extraction from water. The basic rule when rescuing a drowning person is to act thoughtfully, calmly and carefully.

If the call of a drowning person for salvation is heard, he must be answered that his situation has been noticed and help will be provided. This encourages and gives strength to the drowning person.

If possible, you need to give a drowning person or someone who is tired while swimming a pole or the end of a piece of clothing, with the help of which you can pull him to the shore, a boat, or throw him a floating object at hand, a special life-saving accessory. The rescue object should be thrown in such a way as not to hit the person being saved. If these items are not available or their use does not ensure the salvation of the drowning person, it is necessary to swim to his aid.

The person providing assistance must not only swim and dive well, but also know the techniques of transporting the victim and be able to free himself from his grip.

In case of mass accidents, you need to try to help each drowning person individually. It is impossible to rescue several people by swimming at the same time.

If you urgently need to jump into the water to provide assistance, you should take off your clothes and shoes. You cannot dive into the water upside down in places where the condition of the bottom of the reservoir and the depth are unknown. The place for jumping into the water should be chosen so that, using the force of the current, you can quickly swim to the scene of the incident.

When the water temperature is low or from overwork, a swimmer may experience cramps in the calf, thigh, or finger muscles. If you have cramps in the calf muscles, it is recommended that, while swimming on your back, stretch out the leg that was cramped and pull its toes towards you. With a cramp of the thigh muscles, strong bending of the leg at the knee helps, and you should press the foot with your hands to the back of the thigh. When the muscles of the fingers cramp, you need to clench your hand into a fist and, pulling it out of the water, shake it vigorously.

Helping a tired person while swimming can be provided as follows. The person providing assistance must place his shoulders under the outstretched arms of the tired person and transport him, swimming in the breaststroke style. . It’s good if a tired person can row his legs in time with the movements of the person providing assistance. It is necessary to ensure that the hands of the tired person do not slip from the shoulders of the person providing assistance.

Help for a drowning man must be placed behind you, protecting yourself from his grabs. Despair and mortal fear often give the drowning person enormous strength, and capture can threaten the life of the person providing assistance.

If the drowning person still grabs the person providing assistance, then you need to take a breath and dive under the water. Then the drowning person, trying to stay at the surface of the water, will let go of the person saving him.

To free yourself from the grips of a drowning person, there are several more techniques: if the drowning person grabs the person providing help by the torso or the front of the neck, you need to hold him by the lower back with one hand, rest the palm of the other hand on the drowning person’s chin, pinching his nose with your fingers, and push strongly into the chin. As a last resort, the person providing assistance needs to rest his knee on the lower abdomen of the drowning person and push off with force (Fig. 2.8); if a drowning person grabs the person providing assistance by the neck from behind, you need to grab the drowning person’s hand with one hand, and push the elbow of the same hand with the other, then sharply throw the drowning person’s hand over your head with a push and, without releasing your hand, turn him back to you and tow him to the shore (Fig. .2.12);

If a drowning person grabs the helper’s hands, you need to clench them into fists and make a strong jerk outward, at the same time, pulling your legs to your stomach, rest against the drowning person’s chest and push off from him (Fig. 2.10);

If a drowning person grabs the helper by the legs, then to free him you need to press his head towards you with one hand, and grab his chin with the other and turn him away from you (Fig. 2.11). If a drowning person disappears under water, you should dive after him. If you don’t find it right away, you need to make several parallel dives.

If you cannot swim to a drowning person from behind, it is best to dive a few meters away from him and, swimming from the side, push his knee with one hand, and grab his other leg with the other, jerk him back to you and tow him to the shore (Fig. 2.9).

If the victim is lying face up at the bottom of a reservoir, the person providing assistance should dive and swim to him from the head side, and if he is lying face down, swim to him from the foot side. In both cases, the person providing assistance must take the victim’s armpits, lift him up, then push strongly off the ground with his feet, float to the surface with the drowning person and tow him to the shore.

There are several ways to tow a drowning person:

behind head(Fig. 2.12). To do this, the person providing assistance must transfer the drowning person to a position on his back, supporting him in this position, clasp his face with his palms (thumbs behind the cheeks, and little fingers under the lower jaw, covering his ears with his palms) and, holding him above the water, transport him to the shore. You need to swim on your back;

by the hands(Fig. 2.13). To do this, the person providing assistance must swim up from behind, pull the elbows of the drowning person back behind his back and, holding him close to him, swim to the shore in freestyle;

Fig.2.8. Release from front grip

Fig.2.9. Freeing yourself from being grabbed by the legs

Rice. 2.11.Release from being grabbed from behind

Fig.2.10. Release from gripping hands

Rice. 2.13. Towing a drowning man

a) “under the arm” through the chest;

b) under the back

Rice. 2.12. Turn of the drowning man

back to yourself

Towing a drowning person by the head

under your arm(Fig. 2.13). To do this, the person providing assistance must swim up to the drowning person from behind, quickly put his right (left) hand under his right (left) hand, take the drowning person by the other hand above the elbow, press him to himself and swim to the shore on his side.

To tow an unconscious person, the person providing assistance must swim on their side and pull the victim by the hair or collar of his clothing. With all methods of towing a drowning person, it is necessary that his nose and mouth are above the surface of the water.

Rescue of a drowning person using a boat. When going on a boat to rescue a drowning person without special rescue equipment, you should take a pole, stick, etc. with you to give to the drowning person, if he has not lost consciousness. If there is only one person in the boat, it is better for him not to jump into the water, otherwise the uncontrollable boat could easily be carried away. The boat must be brought towards the sinking person with its stern or bow, but not its side. You should always take a drowning person into a boat from the stern or bow, since when pulled over the side the boat may capsize. If the second person providing assistance can hold the drowning person in the water from the stern, then he need not be taken into the boat.

In most drowning people, water enters the lungs and is quickly absorbed into the blood; their skin turns blue, their veins swell, and foam, sometimes stained with blood, comes out of their mouth and nose. 3-5 minutes after drowning, irreversible changes occur in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to quickly remove water from the stomach and lungs and clear the mouth of mud and foam. To do this, the victim is placed on the rescuer’s bent knee so that the chest hangs down, and lightly presses the back between the shoulder blades. After this, he is placed on his back and artificial respiration is performed in combination with cardiac massage (if there is no pulse).

Lesson type: biology lesson using information technology, lesson - generalization.

Teacher's goal setting:

Educational:

• summarize and systematize students’ knowledge on the topic “Breathing”;
• introduce the sequence of first aid for respiratory injuries;
• focus on the need for knowledge and skills in providing first aid in case of foreign bodies entering the respiratory tract, drowning, and electrical injuries.

Developmental:

• develop creative and logical thinking, the ability to analyze and draw appropriate conclusions;
• develop first aid skills for foreign bodies entering the respiratory tract, drowning, and electrical injuries;
• develop the skill of planning work, organizing work with additional material.

Educational:

• develop environmental competence and desire for a healthy lifestyle;
• help students understand their importance when providing first aid to a victim.

Student goal setting:

1. Review the material about the structure of the respiratory system.
2. Familiarize yourself with the sequence of first aid in case of foreign bodies entering the respiratory tract, in case of drowning, and in case of electrical injuries.
3. Learn to provide first aid in case of foreign bodies entering the respiratory tract, drowning, or electrical injuries.

Equipment and teaching materials: PC, projector, interactive whiteboard, tables, cards.

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment. (2 minutes.)

Teacher: Guys, good morning. My name is Olga Aleksandrovna Kuznetsova, I am a biology teacher.

I came to your lesson with this mood (showing an image of the sun)! What's your mood? On your table there are cards with the image of the sun, the sun behind a cloud and clouds. Show what mood you are in.

We are in a great mood, but we will have to talk about serious, significant things related to our health.

2. Updating knowledge (3 min.) to complete tasks. (Motivation).

Teacher: There are a lot of dangers in our life. Our modern life is integrally connected with transport, electrical appliances, we all go swimming and it happens that we do not follow the basic rules when we eat in the canteen.

Wars, disasters, major accidents... claim tens, hundreds, thousands of victims...

What do you think: “Could there have been fewer victims?”

How can you help the victims?

Indeed, timely first aid could have reduced the number of victims by 1/3.

Therefore, having already studied the structure of the respiratory system, the functioning of the respiratory organs and their regulation, we can find out today...

Topic of our lesson: First aid for respiratory damage

Can you provide first aid in case of respiratory arrest?

Lesson objectives:

• repeat and systematize students’ knowledge on the topic covered;
• equip yourself with the knowledge of providing first aid in case of damage to the respiratory system.

3. Work using cards (5 min.).

A)The teacher distributes assignments to students (1 min.)

We will work as follows.

First row (Experts) will tell us:

1 desk - about the structure of the respiratory system;

Second row (Explorers) will study the textbook material pp. 115-117 and tell us the reasons and first aid for:

1st desk - foreign bodies entering the respiratory tract;

2 desks - drowning or covering with earth;

3rd desk - suffocation;

4 desks - electrical injuries.

Reason for violation	Signs of violation	First aid
Entry of foreign bodies a) into the nasal cavity b) into the oral cavity (larynx)	difficulty breathing through the nose, bleeding, and mucus from the nose choking and coughing	Pinch your free nostril and try to blow out the foreign object. Severe cough, if this does not help, you can slap the victim on the back several times, after bending him over the knee so that the head drops as low as possible; children are lifted by their feet.
Drowning	The face and neck are blue or gray in color, the vessels of the neck are clearly visible. No pulse	Examine the nasal and oral cavity. Remove sand and foreign objects. Place the victim face down on the thigh of the rescuer's bent knee so that the head touches the ground. Squeeze the stomach and chest with sharp movements and shake. Small children are lifted by their feet. Artificial respiration and chest compressions
Tongue retraction	Breathing with wheeze or absence	Open your mouth. Pull your tongue forward or change the position of your head by tilting it back. Give ammonia a whiff
Laryngeal edema	Noisy breathing, suffocation, skin and mucous membranes turn blue	Apply a compress to the outer surface of the neck. Immerse your feet in a basin of hot water. Take him to the hospital.
Covering with earth		Examine the nasal and oral cavity. Remove dirt and foreign objects. After breathing has been restored, warm the victim: rub with alcohol, wrap in warm clothes, give a hot drink.
Electrical injury: b) lightning	Pale skin, lack of breathing, pulse. Dark blue spots on the skin in the shape of a tree, lack of breathing and pulse.	Turn off the power source. Artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage. Artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage. After breathing has been restored, give the victim a hot drink.
Carbon monoxide poisoning	Loss of consciousness, cyanosis of mucous membranes and face, respiratory arrest	Remove the victim to fresh air. Place the victim's body in a horizontal position. Artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage. After breathing has been restored, warm the victim: rub with alcohol, place warming pads on the feet, and let ammonia smell.

The third row (Eureka) work with a creative task.

1st desk - create an algorithm of actions for providing first pre-hospital emergency aid

a) use of personal protective equipment;

b) eliminating the causes of exposure to threatening factors;

c) urgent assessment of the victim’s condition;

d) calling for help, including an ambulance;

e) giving the victim a safe position;

f) elimination of life-threatening conditions;

g) monitoring the condition of the victim until the arrival of medical workers.

2nd desk - formulate a definition of first pre-hospital emergency care and its tasks

First pre-hospital emergency aid (PDAP) - a set of simple measures aimed at saving lives and preserving human health, carried out before the arrival of medical workers

Tasks:

a) carrying out the necessary measures to eliminate the threat to the life of the victim;

b) prevention of possible complications;

c) ensuring the most favorable conditions for transporting the victim.

B) We finish completing the tasks.

Please tell me guys: When should you exhale while flexing or extending your muscles?

4. Physical education minute (1 min.).

1 exercise

Hands on the belt. On the count of one, two - inhale.

On the count of three, four, exhale.

Exercise 2

Hands to shoulders, up - inhale.

Hands to shoulders, down - exhale.

Exercise 3

Hands on the belt. On the count of one (exhale) - turn the body to the right,

two (inhale) - starting position.

On the count of three (exhale) - turn the body to the left,

four (inhale) - starting position.

5. Checking assignments (10 min).

6. Watch the video fragment “Artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage” (5 min).

1. Why does the victim’s head need to be tilted back? (so that the neck and chin form a single line)

2. How to maintain personal hygiene when performing artificial respiration (air injection is carried out through gauze or a scarf)

3. Why do you need to cover your nose when performing mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, and vice versa when performing mouth-to-nose breathing?

4. Why do you need to step back from the edge of the sternum during chest compressions, and by how much?

5. How many rescuers need to be involved when performing artificial respiration and chest compressions?

6. How many centimeters should the sternum be pushed through?

7. D/Z. Summarizing. Reflection of mood.

D.z. Together with your computer science teacher, post the information you learned today in class. in the booklet

Guys, thank you very much for your work. I was very pleased that you were so active in the lesson and got good results accordingly.

And in conclusion:

There are signs in front of you:

If everything in the lesson was clear and interesting to you;

If everything was not clear to you, but interesting;

00 - if everything was unclear and not interesting to you.

What's your mood now? Thank you, I'm very happy for you!

During this lesson we will learn how to provide first aid to victims with respiratory damage. This knowledge will help save the lives of those around you.

Subject:Respiratory system

Lesson: First aid for respiratory injuries

If you behave carelessly, small objects can get into your respiratory tract, which can cause difficulty breathing. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to provide first aid in such situations.

If foreign objects get into your nose, you must close 1 nostril and try to forcefully blow out the object. If this cannot be done, it is necessary to take the victim to the emergency room.

Rice. 1. Actions if an object gets into the nose

The entry of foreign particles into the larynx is accompanied by a severe cough. Due to this, spontaneous removal of these particles from the larynx occurs.

Rice. 2.

If coughing does not help, you must hit the victim hard on the back, after bending him over the knee so that the head is as low as possible. If this does not help, you must call an ambulance.

Sometimes collapses and other accidents occur that cause injuries that cut off the flow of air into the lungs. If the brain does not receive enough oxygen within 2-3 minutes, it dies.

As a result of an accident, a person may lose consciousness. His heartbeat and breathing stop. And if normal breathing and pulse are restored within 5-7 minutes, the person will live. To do this, it is necessary to perform artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage.

First, the patient must be placed on his back, on a hard surface. Throw back his head, unbutton his clothes and expose his chest. Cover your nose or mouth with gauze and inhale vigorously 16 times/min.

When providing first aid to a drowning person, first of all you need to free his mouth from silt and sand, and his lungs from water. To do this, the victim is thrown over the stomach or knee and with sharp movements they press on the stomach or shake it.

Rice. 3. First aid for a drowning person

If the heart does not beat, then artificial respiration is combined with chest compressions. To do this, rhythmically press on the sternum 60 times/min. Air is injected every 5-6 pressures. It is necessary to check your pulse periodically. Its appearance is the first sign of the resumption of heart function.

Rice. 4.

First aid is completed when the victim comes to his senses and begins to breathe on his own.

1. Kolesov D.V., Mash R.D., Belyaev I.N. Biology 8 M.: Bustard

2. Pasechnik V.V., Kamensky A.A., Shvetsov G.G. / Ed. Pasechnik V.V. Biology 8 M.: Bustard.

3. Dragomilov A.G., Mash R.D. Biology 8 M.: VENTANA-GRAF

1. Kolesov D.V., Mash R.D., Belyaev I.N. Biology 8 M.: Bustard - p. 153, tasks and question 3,4,5,9,10.

2. What should you do if a foreign object gets into your nose?

3. How is indirect cardiac massage performed?

4. Imagine that you pulled a drowning person out of the water. What will be your next steps?