Pgs sis. Predicate. Types of predicate. Subject. Grammar basis. Didactic materials

ORIENTATION BLOCK

1. Choose the right course of action.

My sister will work in another city.

1 way. We find a word that expresses predicativeness - it will be, the content of the action is unclear to us. We find a word that expresses the content of the action - work, this is a verb in the infinitive. The predicate in this sentence consists of an infinitive and an auxiliary verb, which corresponds to the GHS model. So this is GHS.

Method 2. We find the word (words) expressing the predicativeness and content of the action; in our sentence these are different words - it will work. In order not to make a mistake in determining the type of predicate, we change the predicativeness: works, worked, would work. Here both predicativeness and the content of the action are expressed in one word - this is PGS, which means it will work - PGS.

2. Indicate phrases that can be a compound nominal predicate in a sentence.

1) I’ll come tomorrow;

2) I will be a guest;

3) began to think;

4) was thoughtful;

5) we have;

6) it will become clear;

7) appeared in the morning;

8) was the result.

3. Who and the guys correctly identified the predicate and its type?

4. From these pairs, indicate those that can become the grammatical basis of a sentence.

1) I showed;

2) it seemed to me;

3) help them;

4) came for us;

5) they arrived;

6) he failed;

7) you want.

EXECUTION BLOCK

1. ! Highlight the grammatical bases of the sentences.

1) The pond surrounded the garden. - The pond decorated the garden.

2) The branches of the trees were covered with fluffy frost. - The tree branches were covered with fluffy frost.

2. ! Highlight grammatical basics. How are the sentences in the right column different? Give your examples of similar sentences .

3. Find the third “extra.” How did you find the extra word?

1) Lady, checked in luggage.

2) Light, it emits.

3) He is holding the letter.

4. ! Write down the grammatical bases of the sentences, dividing them into three groups: 1) with PGS, 2) with SGS, 3) with SIS.

1) A donkey has a donkey's tail.

2) Out of boredom, the girl began to come up with different stories.

3) The ugly duckling became a beautiful swan.

4) The puppy began to happily run after its own tail.

5) May there always be sunshine!

6) Mom returned from the trip tired.

5. Are the grammatical basics correctly identified and the type of predicate determined? Justify your opinion.

What should a student know to avoid making such mistakes?

Try to suggest your own way of determining predicate types .

6. ! Make up your own sentences in which the word “to be” will be 1) ASG, 2) a connective in SIS.

7. Is it true that in these sentences all the predicates are simple verbs? Justify your opinion.

1) His eyes sparkled with a quiet sparkle.

2) We will remember these days someday.

3) Some ancient king fell into terrible doubt.

8. Do you agree with this statement: predicate = verb? Will this sentence help you justify your opinion?

It became more and more difficult to walk.

9. Are there any errors in this reasoning? If so, what causes them? Offer your own version of the argument.

It will be cold, he will be on duty.

10. Using this “plan” of actions, find errors in highlighting the grammatical basis.

11. What is interesting in the sense of expressing the predicate of a sentence

I stood on the first stump I came across and began to change my shoes?

12. Find the third “extra.” Justify your opinion.

2). He knows how to draw, he was short, let him tell you.

3). It turned out to be a neighbor, it seemed like an island, it went down the drain.

13. * Make up sentences in which these phrases would act as the subject. What danger awaits you in this task?

A flock of birds, most of the guys, my sister and I, a cupboard with dishes, knowledge and experience.

14. ! Agree the subject and predicate.

1) A lot of young people came... to the dance evening.

2) A mother with a baby sat... by the window.

3) The remaining ten notebooks were... hidden... in the closet.

4) About fifteen geologists were... sent... to the mountains.

15. Why are the subject and predicate coordinated differently in the sentences below?

1) The table and chairs were moved to another room.

2) The bookcase was moved to the window.

16. L Find errors (if any) in the agreement of subject and predicate. Justify your opinion.

1) There are only a few minutes left before the bell rings for class.

2) These two hours passed unnoticed.

3) No one, not even the most capable students, could answer this question.

4) My friend and I decided to check our guess ourselves.

17. ! Rearrange the sentence by making the address a subject and vice versa.

1) Duties, ventilate the classroom.

2) The elders will look after the younger ones today.

18. * Using these sentences, compose tasks: “Check the correctness of determining the type of predicate (highlighting the grammatical basis). If you find errors, correct them.”

1) The low and narrow room had no windows.

2) In a fairy tale, good always triumphs over evil.

3) Grandfather and I decided to go fishing.

4) Ivan Petrovich was tall.

5) I didn’t learn my lesson and sat in a puddle.

6) The fifth graders came to the finish line first.

7) The teacher advised us to use the model.

DIAGNOSTIC UNIT

1. ! Distribute these predicates into three groups: ASG, SGS, SIS. What might make this task difficult to complete?

Let's win, let's study, let's sing, we'd have time, we've been kicking ass, we've lost our heads.

2. ! Highlight the grammatical basis and determine the type of predicate.

1) By evening the storm began to subside.

2) I advise you to take an umbrella.

3) Wizards can make any wish come true.

4) The evening promised to be warm.

5) I invited him to come to me for dinner.

3. * Come up with your own task with a “trap” to determine the types of predicates.

4. Fifth grade students suggested this way of composing a task with a “trap”:

1) Find a group of words (sentences, phrases) that, based on external features, can be attributed to the same model, but they work according to different models.

2) Come up with a task with them to “catch” your friend in the set “trap”.

Is it possible to come up with a task with a “trap” using this method? Suggest your method.

5. Prove that the task is to determine the type of predicate in a sentence Sister will work in another city is a "trap". * Come up with your own “traps” like this one. What other types of PGS can serve as a “trap”? Why?

The didactic material uses individual tasks from the books:

1. G.G. Granik, L.A. Kontsevaya, S.M. Bondarenko, G.N.
2. Vladimirskaya "Speech, language and the secrets of punctuation"
3. T.Yu. Ugrovatova "Tips for every day"
4. "On the Shores of Linguinia" ed. L.D. Chesnokova
5. A.T. Arsiriy "Entertaining materials on the Russian language"

Russian language textbook. 5th grade. Ed. M.V.

Panova

Currently, such an industry as construction does not stand still, but is constantly developing, introducing new technologies for the extraction and production of building materials, developing interesting methods for the construction and reconstruction of various objects necessary for human life.

Different decoding of ASG

Often, when studying special documentation and encountering construction, you can come across such an abbreviation as ASG. People working in this field immediately understand what we are talking about. ASG is understood, firstly, as sand and gravel mixtures, and, secondly, as industrial civil construction. Let's take a closer look at each definition. Sand and gravel mixtures, which is characterized by a loose state, containing coarse gravel and sand. ASG has good physical and chemical properties and, due to its reasonable cost, is widely used in the construction industry. Depending on the percentage of gravel, there are:

• OPGS.

In the first option, according to GOST, the content of large gravel fractions should not exceed ten percent. The classic mixture is used in road construction. It is necessary for laying the top layer of the canvas, embankment and serves as a kind of drainage during construction. But for leveling the territory, this class of ASG is not suitable, due to the quantitative ratio of the fractions included in the composition (sand and gravel). For these works, it is better to choose OPGS.

Natural (classic) gravel mixture contains additional natural materials, such as quartz, clay and other impurities. Plus, depending on the mining location, the gravel composition may vary. These can be granite or limestone rocks, which will undoubtedly affect the quality characteristics of the building material.

The second abbreviation means an enriched sand and gravel mixture, in which the percentage of components is equal to 70/30. Thus, 30% is the sand content (that is, the volume of the mixture is ¼ sand and ¾ gravel). This type of building material obtained industrially, adding gravel to the ASG. Therefore, by choosing an enriched mixture for the production of concrete and concrete structures, you can be sure that the final product will be dense and frost-resistant.

The mixture is extracted using special equipment from the bottom of rivers, sand quarries and beaches. Accordingly, the characteristic properties of building materials depend on the place of extraction. The main and most important indicator of PGS is the fastening ability. Thanks to this characteristic, this the material is widely used in construction, namely:

• landscape design of the territory;
• road construction;
• concrete production;
• production of various reinforced concrete structures;
• leveling the area;
• filling holes and ditches.

When ASG is added to water or cement, so-called mortars are obtained, which are subsequently used to make concrete. But, it is necessary to remember the purpose for which cement is made and, depending on it, to observe certain proportions of ASG and cement mortar.

Thus, with an increase in the amount of liquid, the final product turns out to be less dense, but if the solution that serves as a connecting link is small, then the concrete will be dense and heavy for further work. The use of this building material in the construction of road surfaces is also known. The mixture is used to level the area where construction is taking place or repair work has been carried out.

Thus, when choosing sand and gravel mixtures, you must clearly understand what they are needed for. If for road construction, then natural ASG is suitable, if for landscape design or the manufacture of concrete structures, then OPGS is better.

PGS - industrial civil engineering

The second decoding of the abbreviation PGS means industrial civil construction. Builders are one of the in-demand professions currently. They are the ones who arrange the environment, making it suitable for human life and erect masterpieces of architecture. Engineers trained in the PGS specialty are engaged in:

• construction of industrial facilities;
• project documentation;
• construction and installation of various facilities;
• design of engineering systems and drainage;
• inspection of various structures;
• geodetic and environmental surveys;
• management throughout all stages of construction.

Thus, PGS includes all stages of construction, from design documentation to finishing of the finished structure. Engineers play a huge role in shaping the appearance of a village or city, from creating models of settlements to constructing and restoring various structures. Project activities include:

• carrying out engineering surveys;
• selection, analysis and systematization of received materials;
• creating a layout of the finished object.

Management is the organization of the work process, making important decisions and responsibility for their implementation. The inspection of structures means carrying out an inspection of the facility, analyzing the data obtained and reconstructing the finished facility.

In conclusion, it is worth repeating that the abbreviation PGS implies two definitions: mixtures of sand and gravel for construction, as well as industrial civil engineering. Mixtures are divided into classic or natural and enriched. The first option is used mainly in road construction, but the second is preferable for landscape design. Industrial and civil construction involves the development, analysis and support at all stages of construction of an object necessary for human life.

The predicate system in the Russian language is quite diverse and includes three types: simple verb, compound verb and compound nominal. In this article we will talk about the compound verb predicate.

Features of a compound verbal predicate

As the name suggests, a compound predicate consists of several components. Which ones?

It consists of a part that expresses the main meaning of the predicate, and secondly, a part that takes on the expression of the grammatical meaning. If in a simple verbal predicate both functions were performed by one word, then in a compound predicate they are divided between two elements.

Everything is clear with the semantic part - this is the infinitive of the verb that names the main action, which is reported in the sentence. In the example "I wanted to talk" this word "talk", after all, what we are talking about is that the speaker seeks to perform precisely this action.

The grammatical part of a compound verbal predicate can be expressed in different ways.

Ways of expressing the predicate

There are three options here:

• verb with phase meaning;
• modal verb;
• a short adjective with a modal meaning (oddly enough).

Let's consider the first one. The word “phase” means “stage, stage of some process.” Sometimes we say: “What phase are you in with your essay?” and so on. That is, the phase verb names a phase: beginning (begin, become, etc.), middle (continue, etc.) or end (finish, complete, etc.)

Modality expresses the speaker’s attitude to the subject of speech (I want, for example) or the attitude of the subject of speech to reality (whether what they are talking about really happens). Modal verbs: want, be able, wish, try, intend, etc.

Finally, in Russian several words are used with the same meaning. short adjectives: glad, must, obliged, ready, intends, capable. They can also act as a grammatical part, but, of course, not independently: after all, an adjective cannot express the verb meaning. So in this case, the predicate consists not of two, but of three components: an infinitive, a short adjective and the verb “to be” in the required form (it takes on all the grammatical work).

The verb “to be” is not used in the present tense in Russian: I was glad to help him - I am glad to help him (and not “is glad”).

A verb expressing grammatical meaning can appear in any form of any tense and mood.

It must be said that this topic is not easy and requires attention and clear reasoning, so students studying Russian in the 8th grade often experience difficulties with this material.

Possible mistakes

Errors most often occur when schoolchildren mistake two verbs in a sentence (personal form and infinitive) for one compound predicate. For example, in the sentence “I went to buy bread” simple verb predicate "went", the infinitive acts as an adverbial adverbial goal (why did I go? - buy).

Verbs of motion are never a grammatical part of a compound verbal predicate.

Here are some examples of a compound verbal predicate.

• Keep telling me please.
• I would like to answer you.
• I'd be happy to do my best.

What have we learned?

A compound verbal predicate consists of a semantic part (infinitive) and an auxiliary part that expresses the grammatical meaning. The auxiliary part can be verbs with a phase or modal meaning in any form except the infinitive, or short adjectives with a modal meaning (then the linking verb “to be” in the required form is also required).

Replace the underlined words with a gerund (or former gerund) with not.

Answered confident -
Did straightaway -
Walked So slow -
Walked Without stops -
lay very quiet -
Said, indignant -
Said constantly, without interruption -
The rain lashed the windows very much-
Words for reference: (not) hurrying, (not) hurrying, (not) frantic, (not) hesitating, (not) thinking, (not) yearning, (not) moving, (not) moving, (not) falling silent, ( do not stop.

3. In which example is it not necessary to isolate a single definition?

A. Invisible, you were already dear to me.
B. Across the blue seas, forgotten, he faded away alone.
B. The fallen poplar is silvery and light.
G. The poor thing cries tirelessly.
4. Indicate in which sentences punctuation errors were made when isolating definitions.
A. The abundant, warm summer rain filled the earth with moisture.
B. Saturated clouds were creeping over the old city.
V. One day I was walking along the high road, full of thought.
D. The stragglers, the ice floes hit the side of the steamer.
D. Who did you leave old me for?
5. Find in which sentences the application should be isolated.
A. He is known as the commander of the construction detachment.
B. It was the sailor Zhukhrai.
V. The pilot, a simple blond guy, nodded his head and smiled.
G. January has arrived, the month of severe frosts.
D. We decided to go with him to the south - a place of warmth and contentment.
E. My friend Savely Nikolaevich always understood me perfectly...

The grammatical basis of a sentence in Russian is represented by two parts of the sentence - the subject and the predicate. The latter can take several forms, but the most common is verbal. Most often it is simple and agrees with the subject in person, number, and in the past tense - in gender. But there is also such a category of predicate as compound. It can be a compound verb (CGS) and a compound nominal (SIS). Today we will talk about the first case.

Construction of a compound verb predicate

Its composition is simple: it is an auxiliary or modal verb, agreed with the subject, and a main verb in the infinitive. Sometimes, instead of a simple connective, there may be a compound one, and we will also talk about this.

The link in the GHS can be:

• phase;
• modal.

The phase value of the connective determines the moment of action, and the modal value determines the relationship to the action. They do not carry an independent lexical load. For a better understanding, you can give a table with examples of sentences with a compound verbal predicate:

Meaning	Verb	Example
Phase	become	At the age of 18 I will start working.
	begin	He started reading.
	get started	She began to write a letter.
	continue	They continued to build the house.
	stop	Will you ever stop screaming?
	stop	I stopped singing.
Modal	be able to	The mouse can dig holes.
	be able	The patient can get up.
	want	I want to eat.
	want	The king wants to have a meal!
	try	We will try to deliver the house on time.
	mean	He intended to see it through.
	dare	How dare you contradict me?
	refuse	The detainee refuses to testify.
	think	We are thinking of adding a veranda to the house.
	prefer	I prefer not to mess with officials.
	get used to	Oblomov is used to lying on the sofa.
	be in love	Mom loves to sort through the knick-knacks in her chest of drawers.
	hate	I hate being on duty at night!
	beware	He was careful not to look there again.

This is an incomplete list of possible GHS options. It can consist of more than two words. Thus, this category of predicates also includes constructions where the verb combination plays the role of a connective be with short adjectives and adverbs characterizing modality.

Examples of such sentences:

Differences from a compound nominal predicate

It can definitely be distinguished from a compound nominal (CIS). It is quite simple to define it - after the copula it contains not an infinitive, but an adjective. But there are pitfalls in other complex predicates. There are superficially similar cases when in fact there is no GHS in the proposal. They can be divided into the following categories:

• phraseological units;
• goal setting;
• different subjectivity;
• analytical future.

Here are a few similar cases.

Predicate-phrase

• And he doesn’t eat, and his nerves are exhausted.
• I can't wait for it to be a normal winter.
• He I was going to the store, but it turned out to be closed.

This is a special case of a simple predicate (PGS).

Phrase with goal setting

This includes cases where the question “why?” can be asked between the conjugated verb and the infinitive. or insert the conjunction “to”:

The infinitive in such sentences is an addition, since the predicate has a completely full lexical load.

Verbs referring to different subjects

In such cases, the action indicated by the infinitive will not be performed by the same person to whom the conjugated verb refers. If desired, you can even remove it, and the meaning of the sentence will not be lost:

• The teacher asked the student to complete the task on the board.– The teacher asked the student to doOn the deskexercise.
• The director demanded to call me to his place.“The director asked me to come in.”

Analytical future tense

The case is strange, but nevertheless it really does not apply to the GHS. The verb to be has lost all modal and phase meaning, remaining only a grammatical indicator of the future tense.

• I will love you.
• Our descendants will remember us.

Brief information

The complex future tense was not always present in the Russian language, as in other related languages. Most often in the Old Russian language, the conditional mood was used to express an uncertain future, and then expressions with modal verbs began to gain momentum want, be, have, and each of them did not lose its modality for a long time. In the end he won the race verb be, and this happened closer to the 18th century.