Introductory remarks. This assignment is devoted to the presentation of psychological methods for qualitative and quantitative assessment of indicators of mental states, most often encountered in the work of a practical psychologist. The applied significance of the proposed methods lies in the fact that the productivity of human activity largely depends on the nature and severity of the mental state against the background of which this activity takes place. The task includes methods for measuring the severity of neuropsychic tension (NPS), the asthenic state scale (ASS) and the low mood state scale - subdepression (SHNS).
Neuropsychic stress is a special type of mental state that develops in a person in difficult conditions of his life and activity. It occurs as a systemic process, involving various levels of the neuropsychic and somatophysiological organization of a person, and is accompanied by both positively and negatively colored experiences, significant changes in the human body and changes in its performance.
The term “asthenic state”, or “decreased mental activation”, refers to a mental “state characterized by general, and especially mental, weakness, increased exhaustion, irritability, decreased productivity of mental processes, sleep disorders, physical weakness and other vegetative-somatic disorders .
Decreased, or subdepressive, mood is characterized by a decrease in the activity of mental activity, psychomotor skills, sleep disturbances, vegetative-somatic functions, a tendency to increase blood pressure, and a decrease in human social activity and communication.
Experience 1
Target. Measuring the severity of the state of neuropsychic tension.
Equipment experience. Neuropsychic stress questionnaire (NPS), proposed by T. A. Nemchin (see appendix 12.4.1). The questionnaire is a list of signs of neuropsychic stress, compiled by the submitted clinical and psychological observation, and contains 30 main characteristics of this condition, divided into three degrees of severity.
Operating procedure. The study is carried out individually in a separate, well-lit room, isolated from extraneous sounds and noise.
Instructions to the subject: “Please fill out the right side of the form, marking with a plus sign those lines whose content corresponds to the characteristics of your current condition.”
Processing the results. After filling out the form, the points scored by the test taker are calculated by summing them up. In this case, for the mark “+” put by the subject against point “a”, 1 point is awarded, against point “b” - 2 points and against point “c” - 3 points. The minimum number of points that a subject can score is 30, and the maximum is 90. The range of weak, or depressive, neuropsychic stress ranges from 30 to 50 points, moderate, or intense, from 51 to 70 points and excessive, or extensive - from 71 to 90 points. The data obtained in this way is entered into the protocol (Form 54).
Experience 2
Target. Measuring the severity of the asthenic state.
Equipment experience. Asthenic State Scale (ASS), created by L. D. Malkova and adapted by T. G. Chertova on the basis of clinical and psychological observations and the well-known MMPI questionnaire (see Appendix 12.4.2). The scale consists of 30 statement items reflecting the characteristics of the asthenic state.
Operating procedure. The conditions of the experiment are similar to the conditions of experiment 1.
Instructions to the subject: “Read each sentence carefully and, having assessed it in relation to your current state, put a plus sign in one of the four columns on the right side of the form.”
Processing the results. After filling out the test form, a calculation is made by summing up the points scored by the test taker. In this case, for the “+” sign in the “no, incorrect” column, 1 point is awarded, in the “perhaps so” column - 2 points, in the “true” column - 3 points and in the “absolutely true” column - 4 points . The entire range of the scale thus includes from 30 to 120 points.
Statistical data obtained on 300 healthy subjects showed that the average asthenia index was 37.22 ± 6.47 points. If we take the results of a study of healthy individuals as the “absence of asthenia,” then the entire volume of the scale can be divided into 4 ranges. Wherein
CLASS MINUTES Form 54
Last name, first name, patronymic Date
Brief description of the current situation (usual non-stressful, before the exam, after the exam, before completing an important and complex task, after the task, etc.)
Assessment of mental state Indicator Score, points Type, severity of the condition Neuropsychic stress Asthenic state Mood Conclusion and recommendations
1st range - from 30 to 50 points - “no asthenia”, 2nd range - from 51 to 75 points - “weak asthenia”, 3rd range - from 76 to 100 points - “moderate asthenia” and 4- th range - from 101 to 120 points - “severe asthenia”. Thus, the results of each subject suggest one of four degrees of asthenia. The corresponding columns of the protocol indicate the number of points scored by the test subject on the asthenia scale and the degree of its severity.
Experience 3
Target. Measuring the severity of low mood - subdepression.
Equipment experience. The scale of low mood - subdepression (SHNS), based on the questionnaire of V. Zung and adapted by T. N. Balashova (see appendix 12.4.3). The scale includes 20 statements characterizing manifestations of low mood - subdepression.
Operating procedure. The experimental conditions are similar to the conditions of experiments 1 and 2.
Instructions to the subject: “Read each of the sentences below carefully and put a plus sign in one of the four boxes on the right, depending on how you feel at the moment.”
Processing the results. After filling out the test form, the points scored by the test taker are calculated. The questionnaire contains 10 “direct” questions (1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15 and 19) and 10 “reverse” questions (2, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17 , 18 and 20).
Each answer is scored from 1 to 4 points. “Reverse” answers are counted separately using a special template with slots (see Appendix 12.4.4) applied to the test form filled out by the test taker, with the answer scores located above the slots. Then the points scored by the test taker for “direct” and “reverse” answers are summed up, and the “raw” score thus obtained is converted into a scale score using the formula
0" = ~100.
80
Normative data obtained on 200 healthy subjects indicate that the average value of the mood decline index is 40.25 ± 5.99 points. The entire range of scale ratings is divided into 4 zones: below
points - persons who do not have a low mood at the time of experience; from
up to 59 points - a slight but clearly pronounced decrease in mood; from 60 to 69 points - a significant decrease in mood and above 70 points - a deep decrease in mood (subdepression or depression).
Thus, the results of each subject correspond to one of four degrees of mood decline. The data obtained is recorded in the lesson protocol (Form 54) indicating both the number of points scored by the subject and the degree of mood decline.
The main directions for analyzing data obtained using any of the above methods are to compare them with indicators of other psychological characteristics of the subjects; in search of correlations, main factors and patterns of development of states of neuropsychic tension, asthenia and low mood, as well as in finding connections between the characteristics of mental states and the characteristics of mental processes and personality traits. Special aspects of the analysis are the study of the influence of the studied mental states on human activity, in particular on its productivity and efficiency, and the establishment of natural connections with psychophysiological, clinical-psychological, anamnestic and other characteristics of the subject.
Control questions
What is the psychological basis of such mental conditions as neuropsychic tension, asthenia and low mood?
What are the procedural features of working with the NPN, SHAS and SHND questionnaires?
Appendix 12.4.1 Questionnaire of neuropsychic tension (NPN) Number Contents of the sign Mark prize testee 1 Presence of physical discomfort: a) complete absence of any unpleasant physical sensations b) there are minor unpleasant sensations that do not interfere with work c) the presence of large the number of unpleasant physical sensations that seriously interfere with work 2 The presence of pain: a) complete absence of any pain b) pain appears periodically, but quickly disappears and does not interfere with work c) there are constant pain sensations that significantly interfere with work 3 Temperature sensations: a) absence of any changes in the sensation of body temperature Continued adj. 12.4.1 Number Content of the sign Mark prize of the subject 6) feeling of warmth, increased body temperature c) feeling of coldness of the body, extremities, feeling of “chills” 4 State of muscle tone: 1 a) normal muscle tone b) moderate increase in muscle tone, feeling some muscle tension c) significant muscle tension, twitching of individual muscles of the face, neck, arms (tics, tremors) 5 Coordination of movements: a) normal coordination of movements b) increased accuracy, ease, coordination of movements during writing and other work c) decreased accuracy of movements, loss of coordination. deterioration of handwriting, difficulty performing small movements that require high precision 6 State of motor activity in general: a) normal motor activity b) increased motor activity, increased speed and vigor of movements c) sharp increase in motor activity, inability to sit in one place, fussiness, desire to walk. change body position 7 Sensations from the cardiovascular system: a) absence of any unpleasant sensations from the heart b) a feeling of increased cardiac activity that does not interfere with work c) the presence of unpleasant sensations from the heart - increased heart rate, a feeling of compression in the area heart, tingling, pain in the heart 8 Manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract: a) absence of any unpleasant sensations in the abdomen b) isolated, quickly passing and not interfering with work sensations in the abdomen - suction in the epigastric region, a feeling of slight hunger, periodic “rumbling” c) severe discomfort in the abdomen - pain, loss of appetite, nausea, feeling of thirst
Continued adj. 12.4.1
Sign number Content of sign Test subject’s mark 9 Manifestations from the respiratory system:
a) absence of any sensations
b) increasing the depth and frequency of breathing without interfering with work
c) significant changes in breathing - shortness of breath, feeling of insufficient inspiration, “lump in the throat” 10 Manifestations from the excretory system:
a) no changes
b) moderate activation of the excretory function - a more frequent desire to use the toilet while fully maintaining the ability to abstain (tolerate)
c) a sharp increase in the desire to use the toilet, difficulty or even impossibility to tolerate 11 Sweating condition:
a) normal sweating without any changes
b) moderate increase in sweating
c) the appearance of profuse “cold” sweat 12 Condition of the oral mucosa:

b) moderate increase in salivation
c) feeling of dry mouth 13 Skin color:
a) normal coloring of the skin of the face, neck, hands
b) redness of the skin of the face, neck, hands
c) paleness of the skin of the face, neck, appearance of a “marbled” (spotty) shade on the skin of the hands 14 Receptivity, sensitivity to external irritants:
a) no changes, normal sensitivity
b) moderate increase in susceptibility to external stimuli that does not interfere with work
c) sharp aggravation of sensitivity, distractibility, fixation on extraneous stimuli 15 Feeling of self-confidence, in one’s abilities:
a) the usual feeling of confidence in one’s strengths, in one’s abilities
b) increased sense of self-confidence, belief in success
c) feeling of self-doubt, expectation of failure, failure
Continued adj. 12.4.1 Number Contents of the sign Mark prize of the subject 16 Mood:
a) normal mood
b) elevated, heightened mood, feeling of lifting, pleasant satisfaction with work or other activity 1
c) decreased mood, depression 17 Sleep characteristics:
a) normal, ordinary sleep
b) a good, sound, refreshing sleep the night before
c) restless sleep, with frequent awakenings and dreams, during several previous nights, including the day before 18 Features of the emotional state in general:
a) absence of any changes in the sphere of emotions and feelings
b) a feeling of concern, responsibility for the work being performed, “excitement”, an active desire to act
c) feelings of fear, panic, despair 19 Noise immunity:
a) normal state without any changes
b) increasing noise immunity in operation, the ability to work in conditions of noise and other interference
c) a significant decrease in noise immunity, inability to work with distracting stimuli 20 Features of speech:
a) ordinary speech
b) increasing speech activity, increasing voice volume, speeding up speech without deteriorating its quality (logicality, literacy, etc.)
c) speech disorders - the appearance of long pauses, hesitations, an increase in the number of unnecessary words, stuttering, too quiet a voice 21 General assessment of mental state:
a) normal state
b) state of composure, increased readiness for work, mobilization, high mental tone
c) feeling of fatigue, lack of concentration, absent-mindedness, apathy, decreased mental tone
c) speech disorders - the appearance of long pauses, hesitations, an increase in the number of unnecessary words, stuttering, too quiet a voice
Continued adj. 12.4.1
Number Contents of the feature Mark prize test subject 22 Memory features:
a) normal memory
b) improved memory - it’s easy to remember what you need
c) memory impairment 23 Features of attention:
a) normal attention without any changes
b) improving the ability to concentrate, distraction from extraneous matters
c) deterioration of attention, inability to concentrate on a task, distractibility 24 Acumen:
a) ordinary intelligence
b) increased intelligence, good resourcefulness
c) decreased intelligence, confusion 25 Mental performance:
a) normal mental performance
b) increased mental performance
c) a significant decrease in mental performance, rapid mental fatigue 26 Phenomena of mental discomfort:
a) the absence of any unpleasant sensations and experiences from the psyche as a whole
b) a feeling of mental comfort, increased mental activity, or isolated, weakly expressed, quickly passing and not interfering with work phenomena
c) pronounced, varied and numerous mental disorders that seriously interfere with work 27 Degree of prevalence (generalization) of signs of stress:
a) single, weakly expressed signs that are not paid attention to
b) clearly expressed signs of tension, not only
that do not interfere with activity, but, on the contrary, contribute to its productivity
c) a large number of various unpleasant signs of tension that interfere with work and are observed in various organs and systems of the body 28 Frequency of occurrence of a state of tension: a) a feeling of tension almost never develops
End of app. 12.4.1
Number Contents of the sign Testee's mark 6) some signs of stress develop only in the presence of really difficult situations c) signs of stress develop very often and often without sufficient reasons 29 Duration of the state of stress:
a) very short-term, no more than a few minutes, quickly disappears even before the difficult situation has passed
b) continues almost throughout the entire time of being in a difficult situation and performing. necessary work, stops soon after its completion
c) a very significant duration of a state of tension that does not stop for a long time after a difficult situation 30 General degree of severity of tension:
a) complete absence or very weak degree of severity
b) moderately expressed, distinct signs of tension
c) pronounced, excessive tension E =
Appendix 12.4.2 Asthenic State Scale (ASS) Number Content of the sign No, Perhaps True Sovere priz incorrectly so tensely correct 1 I work under great stress 2 It is difficult for me to concentrate on anything 3 My sex life does not satisfy me 4 Waiting makes me nervous 5 I experience muscle weakness 6 I don’t feel like going to the cinema or theater
End adj. 12.4.2 Number Contents of the sign No, Perhaps True Sovere priz is incorrect so much true 7 I am forgetful 8 I feel tired 9 My eyes get tired when reading for a long time 10 My hands are shaking 11 I have a poor appetite 12 It is difficult for me to be at a party or in noisy company 13 I no longer understand what I read so well 14 My hands and feet are cold 15 I get hurt easily 16 I have a headache 17 I wake up in the morning tired and unrested 18 I get dizzy 19 I get muscle twitches 20 I have tinnitus 21 I am worried about sexual issues 22 I experience heaviness in my head 23 I experience general weakness 24 I experience pain in the crown of the head 25 Life for me is connected with tension 26 My head seems to be tied with a hoop. 27 I wake up easily from noise 28 People tire me 29 When I worry, I break out in sweat 30 Restless THOUGHTS keep me awake E =
Appendix 12.4.3 Scale of low mood - subdepression (SHNS) Number Contents of the sign No, Perhaps True Sovere priz is incorrect so very true 1 I feel depressed, melancholy 2 I feel best in the morning 3 I am close to tears 4 I have a bad night sleep 5 My appetite is as good as usual 6 I enjoy being with attractive women (men) 7 I am losing weight 8 I am worried about constipation 9 My heart beats faster than usual 10 I get tired for no reason 11 I think as clearly as I do always 12 It’s easy for me to do what I know 13 I feel restless and can’t sit still 14 I have hope for the future 15 I’m more irritable than usual 16 It’s easy for me to make decisions 17 I feel useful and needed 18 I live a fairly full life life 19 I feel that other people will feel better if I’m not there 20 What makes me happy even now is what has always made me happy 1 = Appendix 12.4.4 Template for calculating points based on return answers Number Contents of the sign No, Perhaps True Sovere prize incorrect so desperately true 1 I feel depressed, melancholy 1 2 3 4 2 In the morning I feel better 4 3 2 1 total I I 3 I’m close to tears 1 2 3 4 4 I have a bad night’s sleep 1 2 3 4 5 My appetite is no worse usual 4 3 2 1 I I 6 I enjoy communicating with attractive 4 3 2 1 women I I (men) 7 I am losing weight 1 2 3 4 8 I am worried about constipation 1 2 3 4 9 My heart beats faster than usual 1 2 3 4 10 I get tired for no reason 1 2 3 4 11 I think as clearly 4 3 2 1 as always I I 12 It’s easy for me to do what 4 3 2 1 I know how to do I I 13 I feel restless and can’t sit still 1 2 3 4 14 I am hopeful about the future 4 3 2 1 I I 15 I am more irritable than usual 1 2 3 4 16 It is easy for me to make decisions 4 3 2 1 I I 17 I feel useful and needed 4 3 2 1 I I 18 I I live a fairly full 4 3 2 1 life I I 19 I feel that other people will feel better if I’m not there 1 2 3 4 20 Even now I am happy with what 4 3 2 1 has always made me happy I I

Instructions: fill out the right side of the form, marking with a “+” sign those lines whose contents correspond to the characteristics of your current condition.

Full Name

Type of activity (work, waiting for an exam, procedures, etc.)

	Character of the sign		Subject's mark
	Presence of physical discomfort: A. Complete absence of any unpleasant physical sensations B There are minor discomforts that do not interfere with work (not causing concern) B The presence of numerous different unpleasant sensations that cause anxiety, interfere with work, activities
	Presence of pain: A. Complete absence of any pain B. Painful sensations appear only occasionally, disappear quickly and do not interfere with work B. There is constant pain that is seriously disturbing and interferes with work
	Temperature sensations: A. Absence of any changes in the sensation of heat temperature B. Feeling of warmth, increased temperature B. Feeling of coldness in the extremities, feeling of chills
	State of muscle tone: A. Normal, unchanged muscle tone B. Moderate increase in muscle tone, feeling of moderate muscle tension B. Significant muscle tension, trembling of the hands, twitching (tic) of the muscles of the face, lips, eyelids
	Movement coordination: A Normal, unchanged coordination of movements B. Increasing motor activity, increasing speed, accuracy, dexterity, coordination of movements during work, writing B. Reduced accuracy of movements, loss of coordination, deterioration of handwriting, difficulty performing small movements that require high precision
	Motor activity in general: A. Normal, constant physical activity B. A sharp increase in general motor activity, inability to sit in one place, fussiness, constant desire to move, walk, change body position B. Increased motor activity, increased speed and energy of movements
		Sensations from the cardiovascular system: A. Absence of any unpleasant sensations from the heart B. A feeling of increased cardiac activity that does not attract special attention and does not interfere with work B. The presence of unpleasant sensations from the heart - sharp palpitations, a feeling of compression in the heart area, tingling, pain in the heart area
		Sensations (and manifestations) from the gastrointestinal tract: A. Absence of any unpleasant sensations in the abdomen B. Single, quickly passing, not causing restlessness that does not interfere with work; sensations in the abdomen - suction in the epigastric region, a feeling of slight hunger, periodic moderate “rumbling” in the abdomen B. Severe discomfort in the abdomen - pain, loss of appetite, nausea. feeling thirsty
		Respiratory manifestations: A. Absence of any sensations B. Increased depth and frequency of breathing, which does not cause concern or interfere with work B. Significant changes in breathing - shortness of breath, feeling of insufficient inspiration, “lump in the throat”
		Manifestations from the excretory system: A. No changes B. Moderate activation of the excretory function - a more frequent than usual desire to use the toilet while fully maintaining the ability to abstain (tolerate) B. A sharp increase in the urge to go to the toilet, difficulty or impossibility to abstain
		Sweating state: A. Normal sweating, without any changes B. Moderate increase in sweating B. The appearance of profuse sweating
		Condition of the oral mucosa: A. Normal condition, without any changes B. Moderate increase in salivation B. Feeling of dry mouth

	Skin chamfering: A. Normal coloring of the skin of the face, hands, neck B. Redness of the skin of the face, hands, neck B. Pallor of the skin of the face, hands, neck, appearance of a “marbled” (spotty) tint on the skin
	Sensitivity to external irritations, sensitivity: A. No changes, normal sensitivity B. Moderate increase in sensitivity, susceptibility to external irritations, without distracting from work B. Sharp aggravation of sensitivity, distractibility, fixation on extraneous stimuli
	Feeling of self-confidence and ability: A. Normal state, absence of any changes B. Increased self-confidence, belief in success B. Feeling of self-doubt, expectation of failure, failure
	Mood: A. Normal, unchanged mood B. Elevated, heightened mood, feeling of elation, pleasant satisfaction with activity, work B. Low mood, feeling depressed
	Sleep Features: A. Normal, ordinary sleep B. Sound, refreshing sleep the night before B. Restless sleep with frequent awakenings and dreams for several nights, including the night before
	Features of the emotional state in the chain: A. Absence of any changes in the sphere of feelings and emotions B Feelings of concern, responsibility, the appearance of excitement, positively colored anger B. Feelings of fear, panic, despair
	Noise immunity: A. Normal condition, without any changes B, Increasing noise immunity at work, the ability to work in conditions of noise, other interference and distracting stimuli B. Significant decrease in noise immunity, inability to work in the presence of distracting stimuli

		Features of speech: A. Normal, unmodified speech B. Increasing speech activity, increasing voice volume, speeding up speech without deteriorating its quality (literacy, logic) B. Speech impairment - the appearance of long pauses, hesitations, an increase in the number of unnecessary words, too quiet speech
		General assessment of mental state: A. Normal, unchanged state B. State of internal composure, increased readiness for work, increased mental strength, mobilization, high mental tone B. Feeling of fatigue, indifference, distraction, lack of concentration. apathy, decreased mental tone
		Memory Features: A. Normal, unmodified memory B. Improved memory, easily remembering what needs to be remembered at the moment B. Memory impairment
		Features attention: A Normal attention, no changes B. Improved ability to concentrate, distraction from extraneous matters B. Deterioration of attention, inability to concentrate at work, distractibility
		Smartness: A. Normal intelligence, without any changes B. Improved intelligence, high resourcefulness B. Confusion, deterioration of intelligence
		Mental performance: A. Normal mental performance B. Increased mental performance B. Significant decrease in mental performance, rapid mental fatigue
		Phenomenon of mental diss<омфорта. A. Absence of any unpleasant sensations or experiences associated with mental state B. Single, mild changes in mental state that do not interfere with work and do not cause anxiety, a feeling of mental comfort B. Severe and numerous manifestations of mental discomfort, an unpleasant general mental state, deterioration in well-being that interferes with work
	Degree of prevalence (generalization) of signs of stress: A. Single and mild signs of tension that do not attract attention B. Distinct signs of tension that accompany increased performance and successful activity 8. A large number of various unpleasant manifestations of neuropsychic stress, observed in many organs and systems of the body and significantly interfering with work
	Frequency of occurrence of voltage state: A. Tension occurs very rarely B. Tension develops often, but only in the presence of really difficult situations. B. Tension develops very often and often in cases where there are no sufficient reasons for it
	Duration of the state of neuropsychic tension: A. Tension lasts for a very short period of time and disappears completely as soon as the difficult situation has passed. B. Tension continues throughout the entire period of being in a difficult situation and performing work. B. Tension lasts for an unusually long time (several hours or more) and does not stop even after the difficult situation has passed.
	General degree of tension: A. Complete absence of tension or a very weak degree of it B. Moderate tension B. Severe, excessive neuropsychic stress

Processing of results and their characteristics. After the subject fills out the right side of the questionnaire, the collected baals are counted. In this case, for the “+” sign placed against subparagraph A, 1 point is awarded; placed against subparagraph B, 2 points are awarded; placed against subparagraph B, 3 points are awarded. The maximum number of points that a subject can score is 90, the minimum number is 30 points when the subject denies the presence of any manifestations of neuropsychic stress.

Current page: 3 (book has 22 pages total) [available reading passage: 15 pages]

Symptomatic questionnaire “Well-being in extreme conditions”

A. Volkov, N. Vodopyanova

Introductory Notes

The symptomatic questionnaire was developed to identify the predisposition of military personnel to pathological stress reactions in extreme conditions. Practical experience shows that a significant number of young people fail to adapt to military and naval service during the first 3–4 months. Most often this manifests itself in psychosomatic and emotional disorders (pathological stress reactions). The questionnaire allows you to determine the predisposition to pathological stress reactions and neurotic disorders in extreme conditions of military service by the following symptoms of well-being: psychophysical exhaustion (reduced mental and physical activity), impaired volitional regulation, instability of the emotional background and mood (emotional instability), autonomic instability, violation sleep, anxiety and fears, addiction.

The technique was created on the basis of a clinical and psychological examination of 1,500 healthy military personnel and 133 military personnel who first became ill with neuroses and neurosis-like conditions in the first year of military service. The age of the subjects was 18–35 years. Of the observed signs related to the phenomenology of neuroses, 42 were selected, which were most often found in 133 military personnel who developed neurotic disorders as a result of working in extreme conditions of military service. Long-term use of this method has shown the high validity and reliability of this technique.

Symptomatic Well-Being Questionnaire (SWS)

Instructions: The proposed questionnaire reveals the characteristics of your well-being in a given period of time. You need to clearly answer 42 questions: either “yes” or “no”.

Processing and evaluation of results. Answers “yes” – 1 point, “no” – 0 points. In accordance with the “key,” the sum of points on each scale is calculated and the total number of points scored is the total indicator of neuroticism.

Up to 15 points. A high level of psychological resistance to extreme conditions, a state of good adaptation.

16–26 points. Average level of psychological resistance to extreme conditions, state of satisfactory adaptation.

27–42 points. Low resistance to stress, high risk of pathological stress reactions and neurotic disorders, state of maladjustment.

"Key"

Questionnaire “Determination of neuropsychic tension”

T. Nemchin

Introductory Notes

The author of the NPN methodology is a professor at the Psychoneurological Institute named after. V. A. Bekhtereva T. A. Nemchin, when developing the NPN questionnaire, used the results of many years of clinical and psychological research conducted on a large number of subjects in extreme situations. The first stage of developing the questionnaire consisted of compiling and systematizing a list of complaints and symptoms received from recipients in a stressful situation: from 300 students during the examination session and from 200 patients with neuroses with leading symptoms in the form of phobias, fear, anxiety before performing painful procedures and stress. interview. At the second stage of development of the methodology, from 127 primary signs related to the phenomenology of neuropsychic stress, only 30 signs were selected, which were systematically repeated during repeated examinations.

The highest frequencies of repetition of 30 signs were found in the group of patients with neuroses. The different degrees of severity of signs in different subjects allowed the author to divide each of the questionnaire points into three degrees: mildly expressed, moderate degree of severity, sharply expressed, which received a conditional score in points of 1, 2, 3, respectively. According to the content of the questionnaire, all signs can be divided into three groups statements: the first group reflects the presence of physical discomfort and unpleasant sensations from the somatic systems of the body, the second group states the presence (or absence) of mental discomfort and complaints from the neuropsychic sphere, the third group includes signs that describe some general characteristics of the neuropsychic tension - frequency, duration, generalization and severity of this condition. The questionnaire is recommended to be used to diagnose mental tension in conditions of a difficult (extreme) situation or its anticipation.

NPN questionnaire

Instructions: Fill out the right side of the form, marking with a “+” sign those lines whose contents correspond to the characteristics of your current condition.

Full Name…………………………………………………………………….

Floor………………………………………………………………………………………………

Age……………………………………………………………………………………………

Type of activity (work, waiting for an exam, procedures, etc.)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Professional affiliation…………………………………………….

After the subject fills out the right side of the questionnaire, the points scored are calculated. In this case, for the “+” sign placed against subparagraph A, 1 point is awarded; placed against subparagraph B, 2 points are awarded; placed against subparagraph B, 3 points are awarded. The maximum number of points that a subject can score is 90, the minimum number is 30 points when the subject denies the presence of any manifestations of neuropsychic stress.

Table 2.1

Characteristics of the three degrees of NPN according to the questionnaire

(7. A. Nemchin)

According to statistical data presented by T. A. Nemchin, according to the sum of points scored, the NPI index (IN) distinguishes three degrees of NPI and their characteristics (Table 2.1).

IN< 42,5 – first degree of NPN – relative preservation of the characteristics of the mental and somatic state.

42,6 > IN< 75 – second degree of NPN – a feeling of elation, readiness to work and a shift towards sympathicotonia.

IN> 75 – third degree of NPN – disorganization of mental activity and decreased productivity.

At all stages of NPN, there are certain differences between men and women.

RSM-25 Psychological Stress Scale

Introductory Notes

The Lemyr-Tessier-Fillion PSM-25 scale is designed to measure the phenomenological structure of stress experiences. The goal is to measure stress sensations in somatic, behavioral and emotional indicators. The technique was originally developed in France, then translated and validated in England, Spain and Japan. Translation and adaptation of the Russian version of the technique was carried out by N. E. Vodopyanova.

When developing the methodology, the authors sought to eliminate the existing shortcomings of traditional methods for studying stress conditions, aimed mainly at indirect measurements of psychological stress through stressors or pathological manifestations of anxiety, depression, frustration, etc. Only a few methods are designed to measure stress as a natural state of mental tension . In order to eliminate these methodological inconsistencies, Lemour-Tesier-Fillion developed a questionnaire that describes the state of a person experiencing stress, as a result of which there was no need to define such variables as stressors or pathologies. The questions are formulated for the normal population aged 18 to 65 years for different occupational groups. All this allows us to consider the technique universal for application to various age and professional samples in a normal population.

Ottawa, Larcy at the University and the Montreal Hospital, as well as Tessier and his colleagues at the St. Francis of Assisi and St. Justine in Montreal. In Russia, the technique was tested by N. E. Vodopyanova on a sample of teachers, students and commercial personnel in the amount of 500 people.

Numerous studies have shown that the PSM has adequate psychometric properties. Correlations were found between the integral PSM index and the Spielberger anxiety scale (r = 0.73), and with the depression index (r = 0.75). The magnitude of these correlations is explained by the generalized experience of emotional distress or depression. However, divergent validity studies show that PSM is conceptually different from methods used to study anxiety and depression.

PSM Questionnaire

Instructions: a number of statements characterizing the mental state are proposed. Please rate your condition over the past week using an 8-point scale. To do this, on the questionnaire form, next to each statement, circle the number from 1 to 8 that most accurately defines your experiences. There are no wrong or erroneous answers here. Answer as sincerely as possible. The test will take approximately five minutes to complete. Numbers from 1 to 8 indicate the frequency of experiences: 1 – “never”; 2 – “extremely rare”; 3 – “very rarely”; 4 – “rarely”; 5 – “sometimes”; 6 – “often”; 7 – “very often”; 8 – “constantly (daily).”

Note. * Reverse question.

The sum of all answers is calculated - the integral indicator of mental tension (IPT). Question 14 is scored in reverse order. The greater the PPI, the higher the level of psychological stress.

PPP is more than 155 points– a high level of stress indicates a state of maladjustment and mental discomfort, the need to use a wide range of means and methods to reduce neuropsychic tension, psychological relief, and change the style of thinking and life.

PPN in the range of 154–100 points– average level of stress.

Low stress levels, PPN is less than 100 points, indicates a state of psychological adaptation to workloads.

Diagnosis of stress

K. Schreiner

Introductory Notes

With sincere answers, the technique allows you to determine the levels of stress and can be used in autodiagnosis.

Instructions: Circle the numbers of the questions to which you answer yes.

1. I always strive to complete the work, but often I don’t have time and have to catch up.

2. When I look at myself in the mirror, I notice signs of fatigue and overwork on my face.

3. There are a lot of troubles at work and at home.

4. I work hard to break my bad habits, but I can’t.

5. I'm worried about the future.

6. I often need alcohol, cigarettes or sleeping pills to relax after a busy day.

7. There are such changes happening around that your head is spinning.

8. I love my family and friends, but often I feel bored and empty when I am with them.

9. I have not achieved anything in my life and am often disappointed in myself.

Processing of results and their characteristics. The number of positive answers is counted. Each “yes” answer is assigned 1 point.

0–4 points. You behave quite restrained in a stressful situation and know how to regulate your own emotions.

5–7 points. You always behave correctly in a stressful situation. Sometimes you know how to maintain your composure, but there are times when you get worked up over a trifle and then regret it. You need to start developing your own individual techniques for self-control under stress.

8–9 points. You are overworked and exhausted. You often lose self-control in a stressful situation and do not know how to control yourself. The consequence is that both you and the people around you suffer. Developing your self-regulation skills under stress is now your main life task.

According to the data obtained by the author of the methodology, it was noticed that the vast majority of bank employees have a score in the range of 5–7 points (80% of respondents). Approximately 18% of respondents have 8–9 points. And only about 2% have a score of 0–4 points. Consequently, most bank employees urgently need to improve their means of self-control in stressful situations.

V. Zhmurov

Introductory Notes

One of the causes of depressive states is the depletion of neuropsychic potential due to prolonged stress or psychological trauma. Depression is a specific affective state of an individual, which is characterized by negative emotions, as well as transformation of the motivational, cognitive and behavioral spheres. In a state of depression, an individual experiences painfully difficult experiences, such as melancholy, despair, fears, depression, guilt for past events, helplessness-infancy in the face of life's difficulties. Depressive states, as a rule, are characterized by low self-esteem, skepticism, a tendency not to trust anyone, lack of initiative, fatigue, decreased activity, etc. The technique allows us to differentiate six states - levels of depression: apathy, hypothymia, dysphoria, confusion, anxiety, fear.

Questionnaire

Instructions: From each group of indications, select and circle the answer option 0, 1, 2 or 3, which best characterizes your condition.

Processing and interpretation of results. The sum of all marked answer options (points) is determined. In accordance with this amount, an assessment is made severity depression.

1–9 points– depression is absent or very slight;

10–24 points– depression is minimal;

25–44 points– mild depression;

45–67 points– moderate depression;

68–87 points– severe depression;

88 points or more– deep depression.

Qualitative characteristics of depressive states

Apathy. A state of indifference, indifference, complete indifference to what is happening, others, one’s position, past life, prospects for the future. This is a persistent or passing total loss of both higher and social feelings and innate emotional programs.

Hypotymia (low mood). Affective depression in the form of sadness, melancholy with the experience of loss, hopelessness, disappointment, doom, weakening of attachment to life.

Positive emotions are superficial, quickly depleted, and may be completely absent.

Dysphoria(“I don’t tolerate it well”, I carry the bad, the bad). Gloominess, embitterment, hostility, gloomy mood with grumpiness, grumbling, dissatisfaction, hostility towards others, outbursts of irritation, anger, rage with aggression and destructive actions.

Confusion. An acute feeling of inability, helplessness, lack of understanding of the simplest situations and changes in one’s mental state. Typical are hypervariability, instability of attention, a questioning facial expression, postures and gestures of a puzzled and extremely insecure person.

Anxiety. A vague feeling of growing danger, incomprehensible to the person himself, a premonition of a catastrophe, a tense expectation of a tragic outcome. Emotional energy acts so powerfully that peculiar physical sensations arise: “everything inside is compressed into a ball, tense, tense like a string, about to break, burst...”

Fear. An diffuse state, transferred to all circumstances and projected onto everything in the environment. Fear can also be associated with certain situations, objects, persons and is expressed by the experience of danger, an immediate threat to life, health, well-being, prestige, etc. It can be accompanied by peculiar physical sensations, indicating the internal concentration of energies: “I got cold inside,” broke off,” “ the hair is moving,” the chest feels stiff,” etc.

Methodology “Differential diagnosis of depressive conditions”

V. Zung, adapted by T. Baklashova

Introductory Notes

Depressive states arise as post-stress or post-traumatic reactions. The questionnaire can be used for the differential diagnosis of depressive conditions for screening diagnostics in mass studies and for the purpose of preliminary pre-medical diagnosis. A complete examination takes 20–30 minutes.

Instructions: Read each of the sentences below carefully and cross out the appropriate number on the right depending on how you have been feeling lately. Don't overthink the questions because there are no right or wrong answers.

Depression scale

Full Name………………………………………………………………………..

Date of …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Answer options: 1 – “never” or “occasionally”; 2 – “sometimes”; 3 – “often”; 4 – “almost always” or “constantly”.

Processing and interpretation of results. The level of depression (LD) is calculated using the formula: LD = S + Z, where S is the sum of crossed out numbers for “direct” statements No. 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 19; Z – the sum of the “reverse” numbers of crossed out statements No. 2, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20. For example, for statement No. 2 the number 1 is crossed out, we put 4 points in the sum; For statement No. 5, answer 2 is crossed out, we put 3 points in the total; For statement No. 6, answer 3 is crossed out - we add 2 points to the total; For statement No. 11, answer 4 is crossed out - add 1 point to the total, etc.

As a result, we get a UD that ranges from 20 to 80 points. UD<50 баллов - no depression.

50 <УД <59 баллов – mild depression of situational or neurotic origin.

60 <УД <69 баллов – subdepressive state or masked depression.

UD > 70 points– depression.

Subjective comfort rating scale

A. Leonova

Introductory remarks

The Russian-language version of the scale for assessing subjective comfort was developed by A. B. Leonova. The technique is aimed at assessing the degree of subjective comfort of the functional state experienced by a person at a given point in time. It consists of 10 bipolar scales, the poles of which are indicated by adjectives that are opposite in meaning, describing the characteristic features of a “good” and “bad” subjective state.

Instructions: Read each of the pairs of polar statements presented below and mark on the rating scale to what extent your feelings at a given moment are closer to one or another pole of the scale. The absence of any pronounced shift towards one or another experience on this scale corresponds to a score of “0”. Please don’t think too long about choosing an answer - usually the first feeling that comes to mind turns out to be the most accurate.

Full Name ………………………………………………………………………..

Date……………………………Time of filling……………………………………

Processing and interpretation of results. When calculating test results, the scale is transformed from 7 to 1 points. 7 points are assigned to the most positive assessment of the attribute, and 1 point to the most negative assessment. A score of 4 points corresponds to a neutral point of “0”.

Straight scales: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9.

Reverse: 3, 6, 8, 10.

The Subjective Comfort Index (SCI) is calculated as the total score for all scales. Interpretation of results:

Differential Emotions Scale

K. Izard, adapted by A. Leonova

Instructions: Here is a list of adjectives that characterize various shades of different emotional experiences of a person. To the right of each adjective there is a series of numbers - from 1 to 5 - corresponding in increasing degrees of severity of this experience. We ask you to rate how much each of the listed experiences applies to you at a given moment in time by crossing out the appropriate number. Don’t think too long about choosing an answer: your first feeling is usually the most accurate!

Your possible ratings:

1 – “the experience is completely absent”; 2 – “the experience is expressed insignificantly”; 3 – “the experience is expressed moderately”;

4 – “the experience is strongly expressed”; 5 – “the experience is expressed to the maximum extent.”

Processing and interpretation of results.Index of Positive Emotions characterizes the degree of positive emotional attitude of the subject to the current situation. Calculated: PEM = I, II, III (Interest + Joy + Surprise).

Index of acute negative emotions reflects the general level of the subject’s negative emotional attitude towards the current situation. Calculated:

NEM = IV, V, VI, VII (Grief + Anger + Disgust + Contempt).

Index of Anxious and Depressive Emotions reflects the level of relatively stable individual experiences of an anxious-depressive complex of emotions that mediate a subjective attitude towards the current situation. Calculated: TDEM = VIII, IX, X (Fear + Shame + Guilt).

To interpret data on generalized SDE indicators, the following gradations are used for each of the named indices.

The questionnaire is a list of signs of nervous

mental stress, compiled according to clinical data

psychological observation, and contains 30 main characteristics of this condition, divided into three degrees of severity. The study is carried out individually in a separate, well

lighted and isolated from extraneous sounds and noises.

Instructions: “Depending on the answer option you chose, the content of which corresponds to the characteristics of your current condition, place the letter A, B or C next to the number of each item in the questionnaire.”

Questionnaire text:

Presence of physical discomfort:

a) complete absence of any unpleasant physical sensations;

b) there are minor discomforts that do not interfere with work,

c) a large number of unpleasant physical sensations that seriously interfere with work.

Presence of pain:

a) complete absence of any pain;

b) pain appears periodically, but quickly disappears and does not interfere with work;

c) there are constant pain sensations that significantly interfere with work.

Temperature sensations:

a) absence of any changes in the sensation of body temperature;

b) feeling of warmth, increased body temperature;

c) a feeling of coldness in the body, limbs, a feeling of “chills”,

State of muscle tone:

a) normal muscle tone;

b) moderate increase in muscle tone, feeling of some muscle tension;

c) significant muscle tension, twitching of individual muscles of the face, neck, arms (tics, tremors);

Movement coordination:

a) normal coordination of movements;

b) increasing accuracy, ease, coordination of movements during writing and other work;

c) decreased accuracy of movements, impaired coordination, deterioration of handwriting, difficulties in performing small movements that require high precision.

State of motor activity in general:

a) normal physical activity;

b) increased motor activity, increased speed and energy of movements;

c) a sharp increase in motor activity, inability to sit in one place, fussiness, desire to walk, change body position.

Sensations from the cardiovascular system:

a) absence of any unpleasant sensations from the heart;

b) a feeling of increased cardiac activity that does not interfere with work,

c) the presence of unpleasant sensations from the heart - increased heart rate, a feeling of compression in the heart area, tingling, pain in the heart.

Manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract:

a) absence of any unpleasant sensations in the stomach;

b) isolated, quickly passing and not interfering with work sensations in the abdomen - suction in the epigastric region, a feeling of slight hunger, periodic “rumbling”;

c) severe discomfort in the abdomen - pain, loss of appetite, nausea, feeling of thirst.

Respiratory manifestations:

a) absence of any sensations;

b) increasing the depth and frequency of breathing without interfering with work;

c) significant changes in breathing - shortness of breath, feeling of insufficient inspiration, “lump in the throat.”

Manifestations from the excretory system:

a) absence of any changes;

b) moderate activation of the excretory function - a more frequent desire to use the toilet while fully maintaining the ability to abstain (tolerate);

c) a sharp increase in the desire to use the toilet, difficulty or even impossibility to endure.

Sweating state:

a) normal sweating without any changes;

b) moderate increase in sweating;

c) the appearance of profuse “cold” sweat.

Condition of the oral mucosa:

b) moderate increase in salivation;

c) feeling of dry mouth.

Skin coloring:

a) normal coloring of the skin of the face, neck, hands;

b) redness of the skin of the face, neck, hands;

c) paleness of the skin of the face, neck, appearance of a “marbled” (spotty) shade on the skin of the hands.

Receptivity, sensitivity to external stimuli:

a) absence of any changes, normal sensitivity;

b) a moderate increase in sensitivity to external stimuli that does not interfere with work;

c) a sharp increase in sensitivity, distractibility, fixation on extraneous stimuli.

Feeling of self-confidence and ability:

a) the usual feeling of confidence in one’s strengths and abilities;

b) increased sense of self-confidence, belief in success;

c) a feeling of self-doubt, expectation of failure, failure.

Mood:

a) normal mood;

b) elevated, heightened mood, a feeling of elation, pleasant satisfaction with work or other activities;

c) decreased mood, depression.

Sleep Features:

a) normal, ordinary sleep;

b) a good, sound, refreshing sleep the night before;

c) restless sleep, with frequent awakenings and dreams, for several previous nights, including the day before.

Features of the emotional state in general:

a) absence of any changes in the sphere of emotions and feelings;

b) a feeling of concern, responsibility for the work being performed, “excitement,” an active desire to act;

c) feelings of fear, panic, despair.

Noise immunity:

a) normal state without any changes;

b) increasing noise immunity in operation, the ability to work in conditions of noise and other interference;

c) a significant decrease in noise immunity, inability to work with distracting stimuli.

Features of speech:

a) ordinary speech;

b) increasing speech activity, increasing voice volume, speeding up speech without deteriorating its quality (logicality, literacy and etc.);

c) speech disorders - the appearance of long pauses, hesitations, an increase in the number of unnecessary words, stuttering, too quiet a voice.

General assessment of mental state:

a) normal state;

b) state of composure, increased readiness for work, mobilization, high mental tone;

c) a feeling of fatigue, lack of concentration, absent-mindedness, apathy, decreased mental tone.

Memory Features:

a) ordinary memory;

b) improved memory - you can easily remember what you need;

c) memory impairment.

Features attention:

a) normal attention without any changes;

b) improving the ability to concentrate, distracting from extraneous matters;

c) deterioration of attention, inability to concentrate on a task, distractibility.

Smartness:

a) ordinary intelligence;

b) increased intelligence, good resourcefulness;

c) decreased intelligence, confusion.

Mental performance:

a) normal mental performance;

b) increasing mental performance;

c) a significant decrease in mental performance, rapid mental fatigue.

Phenomena of mental discomfort:

a) the absence of any unpleasant sensations and experiences from the psyche as a whole;

b) a feeling of mental comfort, an increase in mental activity, or isolated, weakly expressed, quickly passing and not interfering with work phenomena;

c) pronounced, varied and numerous mental disorders that seriously interfere with work.

Degree of prevalence (generalization) of signs of stress:

a) single, weakly expressed signs that are not paid attention to;

b) clearly expressed signs of tension, which not only do not interfere with activity, but, on the contrary, contribute to its productivity;

c) a large number of various unpleasant signs of tension that interfere with work and are observed in various organs and systems of the body.

Frequency of occurrence of voltage state:

a) the feeling of tension almost never develops;

b) some signs of tension develop only in the presence of really difficult situations;

c) signs of tension develop very often and often without sufficient reason.

Duration of voltage state:

a) very short-term, no more than a few minutes, quickly disappears even before the difficult situation has passed;

b) continues for almost the entire time of being in a difficult situation and performing the necessary work, and stops soon after its completion;

c) a very significant duration of a state of tension that continues for a long time after a difficult situation.

General degree of tension:

a) complete absence or very weak degree of expression;

b) moderately expressed, distinct signs of tension;

c) pronounced, excessive tension.

Processing of the method and interpretation of the result. After filling out the form, the points scored by the test taker are calculated by summing them up. In this case, for the mark “+” put by the subject against point “a”, 1 point is awarded, against point “b”

The technique was created on the basis of a clinical and psychological examination of 1,500 healthy military personnel and 133 military personnel who first became ill with neuroses and neurosis-like conditions in the first year of military service. The age of the subjects was 18–35 years. Of the observed signs related to the phenomenology of neuroses, 42 were selected, which were most often found in 133 military personnel who developed neurotic disorders as a result of working in extreme conditions of military service. Long-term use of this method has shown the high validity and reliability of this technique.
Symptomatic Well-Being Questionnaire (SWS)
Instructions: The proposed questionnaire reveals the characteristics of your well-being in a given period of time. You need to clearly answer 42 questions: either “yes” or “no”.

Processing and evaluation of results. Answers “yes” – 1 point, “no” – 0 points. In accordance with the “key,” the sum of points on each scale is calculated and the total number of points scored is the total indicator of neuroticism.
Up to 15 points. A high level of psychological resistance to extreme conditions, a state of good adaptation.
16–26 points. Average level of psychological resistance to extreme conditions, state of satisfactory adaptation.
27–42 points. Low resistance to stress, high risk of pathological stress reactions and neurotic disorders, state of maladjustment.
"Key"

Questionnaire “Determination of neuropsychic tension”

T. Nemchin
Introductory Notes
The author of the NPN methodology is a professor at the Psychoneurological Institute named after. V. A. Bekhtereva T. A. Nemchin, when developing the NPN questionnaire, used the results of many years of clinical and psychological research conducted on a large number of subjects in extreme situations. The first stage of developing the questionnaire consisted of compiling and systematizing a list of complaints and symptoms received from recipients in a stressful situation: from 300 students during the examination session and from 200 patients with neuroses with leading symptoms in the form of phobias, fear, anxiety before performing painful procedures and stress. interview. At the second stage of development of the methodology, from 127 primary signs related to the phenomenology of neuropsychic stress, only 30 signs were selected, which were systematically repeated during repeated examinations.
The highest frequencies of repetition of 30 signs were found in the group of patients with neuroses. The different degrees of severity of signs in different subjects allowed the author to divide each of the questionnaire points into three degrees: mildly expressed, moderate degree of severity, sharply expressed, which received a conditional score in points of 1, 2, 3, respectively. According to the content of the questionnaire, all signs can be divided into three groups statements: the first group reflects the presence of physical discomfort and unpleasant sensations from the somatic systems of the body, the second group states the presence (or absence) of mental discomfort and complaints from the neuropsychic sphere, the third group includes signs that describe some general characteristics of the neuropsychic tension - frequency, duration, generalization and severity of this condition. The questionnaire is recommended to be used to diagnose mental tension in conditions of a difficult (extreme) situation or its anticipation.
NPN questionnaire
Instructions: Fill out the right side of the form, marking with a “+” sign those lines whose contents correspond to the characteristics of your current condition.
Full Name…………………………………………………………………….
Floor………………………………………………………………………………………………
Age……………………………………………………………………………………………
Type of activity (work, waiting for an exam, procedures, etc.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Professional affiliation…………………………………………….

After the subject fills out the right side of the questionnaire, the points scored are calculated. In this case, for the “+” sign placed against subparagraph A, 1 point is awarded; placed against subparagraph B, 2 points are awarded; placed against subparagraph B, 3 points are awarded. The maximum number of points that a subject can score is 90, the minimum number is 30 points when the subject denies the presence of any manifestations of neuropsychic stress.
Table 2.1
Characteristics of the three degrees of NPN according to the questionnaire
(7. A. Nemchin)

According to statistical data presented by T. A. Nemchin, according to the sum of points scored, the NPI index (IN) distinguishes three degrees of NPI and their characteristics (Table 2.1).
IN< 42,5 – first degree of NPN – relative preservation of the characteristics of the mental and somatic state.
42,6 > IN< 75 – second degree of NPN – a feeling of elation, readiness to work and a shift towards sympathicotonia.
IN> 75 – third degree of NPN – disorganization of mental activity and decreased productivity.
At all stages of NPN, there are certain differences between men and women.

RSM-25 Psychological Stress Scale

Introductory Notes
The Lemyr-Tessier-Fillion PSM-25 scale is designed to measure the phenomenological structure of stress experiences. The goal is to measure stress sensations in somatic, behavioral and emotional indicators. The technique was originally developed in France, then translated and validated in England, Spain and Japan. Translation and adaptation of the Russian version of the technique was carried out by N. E. Vodopyanova.
When developing the methodology, the authors sought to eliminate the existing shortcomings of traditional methods for studying stress conditions, aimed mainly at indirect measurements of psychological stress through stressors or pathological manifestations of anxiety, depression, frustration, etc. Only a few methods are designed to measure stress as a natural state of mental tension . In order to eliminate these methodological inconsistencies, Lemour-Tesier-Fillion developed a questionnaire that describes the state of a person experiencing stress, as a result of which there was no need to define such variables as stressors or pathologies. The questions are formulated for the normal population aged 18 to 65 years for different occupational groups. All this allows us to consider the technique universal for application to various age and professional samples in a normal population.
The methodology was tested by the authors on a sample of more than 5 thousand people in Canada, England, the USA, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Argentina, and Japan. This technique was also used by Clement and Young at the University
Ottawa, Larcy at the University and the Montreal Hospital, as well as Tessier and his colleagues at the St. Francis of Assisi and St. Justine in Montreal. In Russia, the technique was tested by N. E. Vodopyanova on a sample of teachers, students and commercial personnel in the amount of 500 people.
Numerous studies have shown that the PSM has adequate psychometric properties. Correlations were found between the integral PSM index and the Spielberger anxiety scale (r = 0.73), and with the depression index (r = 0.75). The magnitude of these correlations is explained by the generalized experience of emotional distress or depression. However, divergent validity studies show that PSM is conceptually different from methods used to study anxiety and depression.
PSM Questionnaire
Instructions: a number of statements characterizing the mental state are proposed. Please rate your condition over the past week using an 8-point scale. To do this, on the questionnaire form, next to each statement, circle the number from 1 to 8 that most accurately defines your experiences. There are no wrong or erroneous answers here. Answer as sincerely as possible. The test will take approximately five minutes to complete. Numbers from 1 to 8 indicate the frequency of experiences: 1 – “never”; 2 – “extremely rare”; 3 – “very rarely”; 4 – “rarely”; 5 – “sometimes”; 6 – “often”; 7 – “very often”; 8 – “constantly (daily).”

Note. * Reverse question.
The sum of all answers is calculated - the integral indicator of mental tension (IPT). Question 14 is scored in reverse order. The greater the PPI, the higher the level of psychological stress.
PPP is more than 155 points– a high level of stress indicates a state of maladjustment and mental discomfort, the need to use a wide range of means and methods to reduce neuropsychic tension, psychological relief, and change the style of thinking and life.
PPN in the range of 154–100 points– average level of stress.
Low stress levels, PPN is less than 100 points, indicates a state of psychological adaptation to workloads.

Diagnosis of stress

K. Schreiner
Introductory Notes
With sincere answers, the technique allows you to determine the levels of stress and can be used in autodiagnosis.
Instructions: Circle the numbers of the questions to which you answer yes.
1. I always strive to complete the work, but often I don’t have time and have to catch up.
2. When I look at myself in the mirror, I notice signs of fatigue and overwork on my face.
3. There are a lot of troubles at work and at home.
4. I work hard to break my bad habits, but I can’t.
5. I'm worried about the future.
6. I often need alcohol, cigarettes or sleeping pills to relax after a busy day.
7. There are such changes happening around that your head is spinning.
8. I love my family and friends, but often I feel bored and empty when I am with them.
9. I have not achieved anything in my life and am often disappointed in myself.
Processing of results and their characteristics. The number of positive answers is counted. Each “yes” answer is assigned 1 point.
0–4 points. You behave quite restrained in a stressful situation and know how to regulate your own emotions.
5–7 points. You always behave correctly in a stressful situation. Sometimes you know how to maintain your composure, but there are times when you get worked up over a trifle and then regret it. You need to start developing your own individual techniques for self-control under stress.
8–9 points. You are overworked and exhausted. You often lose self-control in a stressful situation and do not know how to control yourself. The consequence is that both you and the people around you suffer. Developing your self-regulation skills under stress is now your main life task.
According to the data obtained by the author of the methodology, it was noticed that the vast majority of bank employees have a score in the range of 5–7 points (80% of respondents). Approximately 18% of respondents have 8–9 points. And only about 2% have a score of 0–4 points. Consequently, most bank employees urgently need to improve their means of self-control in stressful situations.

V. Zhmurov
Introductory Notes
One of the causes of depressive states is the depletion of neuropsychic potential due to prolonged stress or psychological trauma. Depression is a specific affective state of an individual, which is characterized by negative emotions, as well as transformation of the motivational, cognitive and behavioral spheres. In a state of depression, an individual experiences painfully difficult experiences, such as melancholy, despair, fears, depression, guilt for past events, helplessness-infancy in the face of life's difficulties. Depressive states, as a rule, are characterized by low self-esteem, skepticism, a tendency not to trust anyone, lack of initiative, fatigue, decreased activity, etc. The technique allows us to differentiate six states - levels of depression: apathy, hypothymia, dysphoria, confusion, anxiety, fear.
Questionnaire
Instructions: From each group of indications, select and circle the answer option 0, 1, 2 or 3, which best characterizes your condition.

Processing and interpretation of results. The sum of all marked answer options (points) is determined. In accordance with this amount, an assessment is made severity depression.
1–9 points– depression is absent or very slight;
10–24 points– depression is minimal;
25–44 points– mild depression;
45–67 points– moderate depression;
68–87 points– severe depression;
88 points or more– deep depression.
Qualitative characteristics of depressive states
Apathy. A state of indifference, indifference, complete indifference to what is happening, others, one’s position, past life, prospects for the future. This is a persistent or passing total loss of both higher and social feelings and innate emotional programs.
Hypotymia (low mood). Affective depression in the form of sadness, melancholy with the experience of loss, hopelessness, disappointment, doom, weakening of attachment to life.
Positive emotions are superficial, quickly depleted, and may be completely absent.
Dysphoria(“I don’t tolerate it well”, I carry the bad, the bad). Gloominess, embitterment, hostility, gloomy mood with grumpiness, grumbling, dissatisfaction, hostility towards others, outbursts of irritation, anger, rage with aggression and destructive actions.
Confusion. An acute feeling of inability, helplessness, lack of understanding of the simplest situations and changes in one’s mental state. Typical are hypervariability, instability of attention, a questioning facial expression, postures and gestures of a puzzled and extremely insecure person.
Anxiety. A vague feeling of growing danger, incomprehensible to the person himself, a premonition of a catastrophe, a tense expectation of a tragic outcome. Emotional energy acts so powerfully that peculiar physical sensations arise: “everything inside is compressed into a ball, tense, tense like a string, about to break, burst...”
Fear. An diffuse state, transferred to all circumstances and projected onto everything in the environment. Fear can also be associated with certain situations, objects, persons and is expressed by the experience of danger, an immediate threat to life, health, well-being, prestige, etc. It can be accompanied by peculiar physical sensations, indicating the internal concentration of energies: “I got cold inside,” broke off,” “ the hair is moving,” the chest feels stiff,” etc.

Methodology “Differential diagnosis of depressive conditions”

V. Zung, adapted by T. Baklashova
Introductory Notes
Depressive states arise as post-stress or post-traumatic reactions. The questionnaire can be used for the differential diagnosis of depressive conditions for screening diagnostics in mass studies and for the purpose of preliminary pre-medical diagnosis. A complete examination takes 20–30 minutes.
Instructions: Read each of the sentences below carefully and cross out the appropriate number on the right depending on how you have been feeling lately. Don't overthink the questions because there are no right or wrong answers.
Depression scale
Full Name………………………………………………………………………..
Date of …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer options: 1 – “never” or “occasionally”; 2 – “sometimes”; 3 – “often”; 4 – “almost always” or “constantly”.

Processing and interpretation of results. The level of depression (LD) is calculated using the formula: LD = S + Z, where S is the sum of crossed out numbers for “direct” statements No. 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 19; Z – the sum of the “reverse” numbers of crossed out statements No. 2, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20. For example, for statement No. 2 the number 1 is crossed out, we put 4 points in the sum; For statement No. 5, answer 2 is crossed out, we put 3 points in the total; For statement No. 6, answer 3 is crossed out - we add 2 points to the total; For statement No. 11, answer 4 is crossed out - add 1 point to the total, etc.
As a result, we get a UD that ranges from 20 to 80 points. UD<50 баллов - no depression.
50 <УД <59 баллов – mild depression of situational or neurotic origin.
60 <УД <69 баллов – subdepressive state or masked depression.
UD > 70 points– depression.

Subjective comfort rating scale

A. Leonova
Introductory remarks
The Russian-language version of the scale for assessing subjective comfort was developed by A. B. Leonova. The technique is aimed at assessing the degree of subjective comfort of the functional state experienced by a person at a given point in time. It consists of 10 bipolar scales, the poles of which are indicated by adjectives that are opposite in meaning, describing the characteristic features of a “good” and “bad” subjective state.
Instructions: Read each of the pairs of polar statements presented below and mark on the rating scale to what extent your feelings at a given moment are closer to one or another pole of the scale. The absence of any pronounced shift towards one or another experience on this scale corresponds to a score of “0”. Please don’t think too long about choosing an answer - usually the first feeling that comes to mind turns out to be the most accurate.
Full Name ………………………………………………………………………..
Date……………………………Time of filling……………………………………

Processing and interpretation of results. When calculating test results, the scale is transformed from 7 to 1 points. 7 points are assigned to the most positive assessment of the attribute, and 1 point to the most negative assessment. A score of 4 points corresponds to a neutral point of “0”.
Straight scales: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9.
Reverse: 3, 6, 8, 10.
The Subjective Comfort Index (SCI) is calculated as the total score for all scales. Interpretation of results:

Differential Emotions Scale

K. Izard, adapted by A. Leonova
Instructions: Here is a list of adjectives that characterize various shades of different emotional experiences of a person. To the right of each adjective there is a series of numbers - from 1 to 5 - corresponding in increasing degrees of severity of this experience. We ask you to rate how much each of the listed experiences applies to you at a given moment in time by crossing out the appropriate number. Don’t think too long about choosing an answer: your first feeling is usually the most accurate!
Your possible ratings:
1 – “the experience is completely absent”; 2 – “the experience is expressed insignificantly”; 3 – “the experience is expressed moderately”;
4 – “the experience is strongly expressed”; 5 – “the experience is expressed to the maximum extent.”

Processing and interpretation of results.Index of Positive Emotions characterizes the degree of positive emotional attitude of the subject to the current situation. Calculated: PEM = I, II, III (Interest + Joy + Surprise).
Index of acute negative emotions reflects the general level of the subject’s negative emotional attitude towards the current situation. Calculated:
NEM = IV, V, VI, VII (Grief + Anger + Disgust + Contempt).
Index of Anxious and Depressive Emotions reflects the level of relatively stable individual experiences of an anxious-depressive complex of emotions that mediate a subjective attitude towards the current situation. Calculated: TDEM = VIII, IX, X (Fear + Shame + Guilt).
To interpret data on generalized SDE indicators, the following gradations are used for each of the named indices:

Bibliography

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Topic 3
Organizational diagnostics of stress. Assessment of stress factors in professional activities

3.1. Theoretical introduction

Under organizational diagnostics stress refers to the identification and assessment of stress factors at work. Organizational diagnosis of stress is a necessary component of stress management, understood as a comprehensive management of the stress potential of the workspace and the stress response of employees.
In foreign and domestic scientific literature, two concepts of workspace stress are used - organizational and professional stress. The concepts of “professional” and “organizational stress” overlap, but do not completely coincide. In foreign literature, as a rule, the concept of “stress at work” or “labor stress” is used without differentiating stressors associated with organizational problems and stressors related to the specifics of professional activity. According to A. B. Leonova, the system for assessing professional stress is more complex than assessing stress at work. A more complex phenomenon in terms of causality includes professional stress, which arises in response to difficulties and special demands from the profession. Professional stress is also determined by personal ambitions, the subjective image of professional development and self-realization of the individual.
Organizational stress– mental stress associated with overcoming the imperfection of organizational working conditions, with high loads when performing professional duties in the workplace in a specific organizational structure (in an organization or in its division, firm, company, corporation), as well as with the search for new extraordinary solutions under force – major circumstances.