home Adviсe Prevention of diseases by immunization in kindergarten, significance. Vaccination of organization employees Recommendations for medical workers on vaccination

Prevention of diseases by immunization in kindergarten, significance. Vaccination of organization employees Recommendations for medical workers on vaccination

Preserving the life and health of health workers through vaccination is part of the Russian state program. Let's find out which vaccinations are mandatory for healthcare workers. We will also understand the legal issues of vaccinating medical workers.

Legal aspects of mandatory vaccinations for health workers

Mandatory vaccinations for medical workers are carried out in accordance with government regulations and the order of the Ministry of Health. The following regulations are currently in effect.

Order No. 125 H dated March 21, 2014 on approval of the National Preventive Vaccination Calendar, as well as the vaccination calendar for epidemic indications. This order requires all health care workers to be vaccinated against infectious diseases, as they are most at risk of infection.
Order of the Chief Physician of Russia No. 163 of December 9, 2010 on the rules for waste management in medicine. According to these rules, a person who has not been vaccinated against hepatitis B cannot be allowed to work related to the disposal of medical waste.
Decree of the Chief Physician of the Russian Federation dated February 28, 2008 No. 163 on sanitary and hygienic rules, according to which all health workers are required to be vaccinated against hepatitis B upon entering work.
Order on vaccination of health workers, issued on July 15, 1999 No. 825 “On approval of the list of works, the performance of which is associated with a high risk of contracting infectious diseases and requires mandatory preventive vaccinations.”

Vaccination of health workers is carried out according to the Russian Vaccination Calendar. In the event of an outbreak or threat of an epidemic, vaccination is carried out according to epidemic indications. In this case, healthcare workers and epidemiologists are vaccinated first. Federal Law No. 257 states the right of citizens to immunization.

Important! Free vaccination is carried out within the framework of the Calendar in state and municipal medical institutions. Vaccination of health workers is provided by the institution in which they work.

Refusal of vaccination

According to the Federal Law, issued on September 17, 1998, under Article 5 “On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases,” a medical worker may refuse vaccination. However, it's not that simple. The same law also talks about the consequences of refusal:

lack of vaccinations can lead to removal from work or refusal to hire;
a ban on travel to those countries that require vaccination against diseases according to the calendar in those regions;
temporary refusal of admission to health and educational institutions in the event of a threat or outbreak of infections.

According to labor legislation, a medical organization is responsible for the actions of its employees in the field of medical procedures. An infected employee who infects a patient not only suffers material damage in the form of compensation for harm to the patient’s health, but is also held accountable. Therefore, medical organizations will not hire an unvaccinated potential employee.

Vaccination is carried out for people who have no contraindications. If a person has them, then he can write a refusal to be vaccinated, justifying it by the presence of contraindications. The list of contraindications is established in the guidelines of the resolution of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated July 10, 2008.

What vaccinations are required for healthcare workers?

According to the Russian Vaccination Calendar, the entire population is vaccinated. Immunization against the following infectious diseases is mandatory for medical workers:

against tetanus and diphtheria with revaccination once every 10 years;
from the flu;
immunization against measles;
vaccination and revaccination against hepatitis B;
rubella vaccination is given to those who have not been vaccinated or have only one experience of this vaccination, as well as to those who have not been ill.

People without information about what they have already been vaccinated against should also get immunized.

Vaccination is also carried out according to epidemic indications:

from polio;
from hepatitis A;
from shigellosis.

In addition to these vaccinations, additional vaccinations are carried out for health workers who have contact with cultures of brucellosis, plague, rabies, yellow fever, tick-borne encephalitis, leptospirosis, tularemia, and typhoid fever.

What vaccines are used to vaccinate healthcare workers?

To vaccinate healthcare workers against influenza, the Grippol and Grippol Plus vaccines are used. Alternative vaccines "Agrippal", "Influvac" or "Vaxigrip" are also used to vaccinate workers against influenza. The Russian-made “Grippol” and “Grippol Plus” vaccines are administered once annually. For pregnant health workers, the children's vaccine "Grippol Plus" is preferred for influenza vaccination as it contains fewer preservatives.

Vaccination of healthcare workers against hepatitis B is done with the domestic vaccine “Combiotex” in a dose of 1 ml at the age of 18-55 years, if they have not been sick and have not been vaccinated. Revaccination of health workers against hepatitis B is carried out after 1 and 6 months. Alternative vaccines, Engerix B and HEP-A-in-VAK, are also used for vaccination.

Vaccination of health workers against measles is carried out at any age for unvaccinated people who have not been sick. To immunize health workers against measles, the Russian-made LCV vaccine is used in a dose of 0.5 milliliters.

Once every 10 years, health workers are revaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus with the ADS-M vaccine.

Rubella vaccinations for healthcare workers are carried out between the ages of 18 and 25, if they are not vaccinated, have not been sick or do not have information about their vaccinations. For this purpose, “Live attenuated rubella vaccine” is used.

Vaccines for immunization of health workers for epidemic indications

For immunization against polio, according to epidemic indications, the Imovax Polio or Pentaxim vaccines are used. According to the calendar, the OPV vaccine is used, but the issue of abandoning the live oral vaccine is currently being considered due to the development of vaccine-associated polio. Primary immunization with the French inactivated vaccine "Imovax Polio" to unvaccinated individuals is done three times with an interval of 1 month. After 1 year and 5 or 10 years, revaccination is done. "Pentaxim" is convenient because it can be vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus and polio simultaneously.

According to epidemic indications, health workers are also vaccinated against hepatitis A. For immunization, the Russian vaccine “HEP-A-in-VAK” is used twice, 1 ml each with a break of 6-18 months. The Belgian vaccine “Havrix” is also used for vaccination in a single dose of 1 ml.

According to epidemic indications, medical workers are vaccinated against shigellosis with the Shigellvac vaccine in a single dose of 0.5 ml. If revaccination is required, it is done after a year.

Summarizing the topic of vaccinations for health workers, we emphasize that immunization is mandatory for them. A health worker can refuse vaccinations, but this will have negative consequences in the event of employment and admission to a university. In addition, the employer has the right to fire an unvaccinated medical employee. A healthcare worker who has not undergone immunization may be held liable if harm is caused to the patient’s health during the provision of medical and preventive care.

Revaccination against hepatitis B of medical workers is a real way to protect yourself from being affected by this disease. Most people receive vaccination against virus B in the maternity hospital one day after birth. The need for vaccination appears later.

Since people working in medical institutions are at constant risk of infection, revaccination against hepatitis B among health workers is included in the Russian state program.

As practice shows, the incidence among adults is higher than among children. Because adults ignore vaccinations. But after the vaccine is administered, the body produces antibodies. This ability lasts only for a certain period. When this period ends, there is a risk of contracting the virus.

Government program

Hepatitis is one of the hundred most common diseases that infect healthcare workers. According to statistics, more than 300 health workers die from liver disease every year. The risk zone includes personnel, from nurses to doctors of all profiles. For this category, revaccination against hepatitis in healthcare workers is mandatory.

Therefore, sanitary and epidemiological rules have been developed that are recommended to be used to prevent infection with the B virus. Medical personnel should be periodically sent for medical examinations to identify infected workers.

Personnel at high risk are subject to mandatory blood testing for anti-HBs and HBsAg.

These include:

Infection with the virus occurs through the blood or through the mucous membrane. Infection is possible if there is an injury, a cut with a sharp blade containing the patient’s blood. Any worker can become infected if medical staff do not comply with basic protective measures.

Infection occurs when:

taking blood for tests;
administering injections;
failure to comply with hygiene standards in medical institutions.

Therefore, vaccinations against hepatitis B for adults are included in the schedule for health workers in the State program. Under this program, all staff receive vaccinations before being hired.

All medical employees under the age of 55 are subject to routine revaccination. Vaccinations are the most effective way to prevent disease. After a course of vaccines, 99% of people develop lasting immunity to this disease.

In addition, to reduce the risk of contracting the virus, a system of preventive measures has been created:

comply with safety regulations;
use personal protective equipment;
compulsory vaccination;
Medical workers whose activities involve blood or biological fluid must treat patients as infected persons.

Revaccination of health workers at state enterprises is carried out free of charge. The staff of private clinics are provided with the vaccine from the enterprises to which they belong.

Immunoprophylaxis

The first vaccination is given to all newborns in the maternity hospital. But it is valid for a certain period. That's why they draw up a vaccination schedule. Subsequent administration of the vaccine is called revaccination. Otherwise, this vaccination is called a safety vaccine.

Revaccination of hepatitis B in healthcare workers is carried out according to the calendar. In the event of an epidemic, immunization is carried out according to epidemic indications.

To administer injections to doctors against virus B, the domestic drug Combiotex is used. Employees aged 18 to 55 years old receive 1 ml of vaccine if they are healthy but have not been vaccinated. Immunoprophylaxis for employees of medical institutions is carried out after one month, and then after 6 months. Testing for anti-HBs and HBsAg may be performed before revaccination.

Injections against virus B:

Immunoprophylaxis is carried out in three stages. This scheme is used in both children and adults. After the first injection there is a month break, then the second. Six months after the first, the third is done.
The accelerated regimen includes four injections. This type of immunization is given to an adult who suddenly finds himself in a risk group. Initially, an adult receives three doses, but the interval is one month, and the last injection is received a year after the first.
Emergency vaccination is rarely used. It is done when emergency synthesis of antibodies against hepatitis B is required. When carrying out this regimen, four doses are given: after the first, a week later the second is given, after 21 days the third is given and the fourth is given a year later. This scheme is used, for example, before visiting disadvantaged epidemiological areas.

One of the main conditions for immunization is compliance with the injection schedule. Otherwise, the whole process is repeated to achieve the goal. Immunization gradually reduces chronic manifestations.

Is vaccination against virus B mandatory for workers in medical institutions?

There is a decree dated September 17, 1998, paragraph 5 states that a medical facility employee has the right to refuse an injection.

But the same document says the following:

If they are not vaccinated, a health worker will not be hired.
Travel to regions where mandatory vaccination is required is prohibited for such a person.
Will be refused admission to health and educational institutions.

Therefore, the management of medical institutions requires employees to be vaccinated against virus B. Because managers are responsible for the actions of staff. If an infected medical worker infects a patient, he will be held accountable.

Health workers need to be revaccinated against hepatitis B to protect the team from infection. For example, laboratory workers who take blood for analysis and examine it constantly risk their health. In addition, in 10% of infected adults, hepatitis becomes chronic. In this position, the liver will be affected by cirrhosis or cancer. Therefore, personnel constantly working in risk areas must have immune protection.

If an employee was hired without vaccination and gets an infection at work, he has the opportunity to receive monetary compensation from the organization.

Immunization of doctors, nurses, orderlies, and laboratory technicians who are at risk is a means of protecting them from infection. The manager is responsible for each employee, and therefore requires vaccination.

Contraindications to immunoprophylaxis

Revaccination of hepatitis B in healthcare workers should be carried out for their own safety. But vaccination is carried out only if a person has no contraindications.

Who is exempt from immunization:

Personnel whose age is over 55 years. Because by this age a strong immunity has been developed.
People who have had this disease.
People who are allergic to bread yeast. That is, people are allergic to baked goods using yeast, kvass, and beer.
If intolerance to one of the components of the administered serum is detected.

In what cases is the immunization process postponed:

if a person has caught a cold or has another infectious disease;
A patient who has had meningitis can be vaccinated after six months.

It is better to take preventive measures before planning pregnancy. A woman needs to take care of her own health, that is, strengthen her immune system, and then become pregnant. This should be done in order to protect the baby from infection.

Caution is required when immunizing people with autoimmune problems. Such patients are under the supervision of doctors.

After vaccination, the temperature may rise, but then it will return to normal.

Complications appear in rare cases.

Immunoprophylaxis helps prevent the occurrence of a complex and dangerous disease that needs to be treated. The immunization process takes several minutes. As a result, the resistance of the immune system is strengthened.

Currently, hepatitis B revaccination is considered the only effective way to protect against infection. Most patients undergo it during childhood. However, the need for vaccination may also appear in adulthood. According to statistics, young and mature people get sick with viral hepatitis more often than children. This is due to the fact that most adults refuse vaccinations. But after vaccination, protective antibodies in the body last only 5 years.

The duration of action of different vaccines is approximately the same, and when the vaccine wears off, the risk of infection increases.

The older the person, the more severe the disease. What do you need to know about revaccination so as not to miss the deadline?

Why is vaccination needed?

Some patients believe that they can only become infected with hepatitis B while attending kindergarten or school. This is not entirely true. The risk of developing the disease does not decrease with age. Methods of infection:

People who have not been revaccinated can become infected through household means.
The likelihood of infection increases when visiting medical institutions, manicure and tattoo parlors.
Many adults become infected with hepatitis during dental treatment.
Donating blood is considered no less dangerous. Currently, disposable instruments are used, but infections are not uncommon.

The risk of contracting hepatitis when visiting a hairdresser or cosmetologist is considered one of the highest. After vaccination, it is reduced to a minimum. Revaccination of health care workers and catering staff is mandatory. Vaccination is an important criterion for admission to professional activities.

The existing revaccination schemes for adults in our country are aimed at preventing an epidemic of hepatitis B. Their use has made it possible to significantly reduce the risk of mass infection of the working population. There are 2 revaccination schemes, consisting of 3 or 4 injections.

What is the difference between the 2 types of vaccinations?

The difference between these schemes is the duration. Both schedules are designed to protect against hepatitis B by taking into account the time it takes for antibodies to develop. These substances begin to appear in the body 2 weeks after the injection. Revaccination against hepatitis has an initial stage, which is the first vaccination. Next order:

The second vaccination is given 30 days later, followed by the final dose 5 months later.
The order of injections when using the second scheme will be slightly different. When administering vaccinations according to this principle for adults, the schedule implies a third injection a month after the second. And the fourth injection is given a year after the first.

A step-by-step vaccination scheme against infection is the most effective and safe. However, the process of antibody formation in the body still remains unexplored. Some experts believe that this process after revaccination takes 5 years. According to other opinions, lifelong immunity is formed after vaccination. In practice, both of them turn out to be right. It all depends on the individual characteristics of the patient’s body.

Living in hotspots of infection poses a particular danger. In this case, protecting yourself from infection turns out to be much more difficult. To solve this problem, regular vaccination is indicated, in which vaccinations are given at least once every 3 years. In the absence of contraindications, any of the 2 schemes can be used.

In what cases should the vaccine not be given?

Vaccination, like any other medical procedure, has contraindications and side effects, about which the patient should be warned:

Vaccinations are contraindicated for persons over 50 years of age.
Is revaccination against hepatitis B necessary if a person has already encountered this disease? No, giving injections to such patients is strictly prohibited, because they can cause an exacerbation of the disease.
This rule also applies to people in whose bodies acute inflammatory processes occur. The state of the immune system in such cases worsens, because all forces are directed towards fighting the disease. The vaccine can be administered several weeks after symptoms have disappeared.
Hepatitis B vaccinations are not given to adults if they have allergic reactions.
The drug is not administered if at least one of its components is intolerant. The doctor can choose a safer analogue that does not cause negative reactions.
Cases of hepatitis infection during pregnancy are not uncommon. Vaccine manufacturers claim that their administration is not dangerous for the unborn child. However, experts advise getting all the necessary vaccinations at the stage of pregnancy planning.

When revaccinating hepatitis in adults, constant monitoring of health status is required. Vaccination may be accompanied by pain at the injection site, fever, dysfunction of the digestive system, general weakness and loss of appetite.

The patient’s emotional state often changes, he becomes irritable and aggressive. Allergic reactions during the period of revaccination occur extremely rarely, however, their signs can be detected in a completely healthy person. If after vaccination there is a sharp deterioration in health, and the symptoms that appear persist for several days, you should consult a doctor.

Hepatitis booster vaccination is not mandatory, but currently it is the only effective way to protect against infection. Before receiving the vaccine, you should consult your doctor. It will help predict the effect of the vaccine on the body and avoid negative consequences.

How often should vaccinations be given?

Proper administration of the vaccine helps to minimize the risk of infection. Adult patients are vaccinated intramuscularly. When administered subcutaneously, the effectiveness of the drug may be reduced. If a lump appears at the injection site, it means it was done incorrectly. When the drug is evenly distributed throughout the muscle, it quickly enters the bloodstream and promotes the production of antibodies against hepatitis. In the USA and some European countries, vaccination is considered ineffective if the drug is administered subcutaneously. In this case, the patient is forced to undergo it again. After how many years is repeated revaccination necessary?

The required immune protection against infectious diseases involves several factors. Antibodies after vaccination are present in the body for 20 years. Taking these factors into account, WHO recommends that the working-age population should not be revaccinated too frequently. Health care workers are recommended to get vaccinated once every 7 years. For the remaining category of patients, it is recommended that the vaccine be administered every 10-15 years. If you are undergoing hemodialysis or have an immunodeficiency, vaccination should be done more often.

» Hepatitis vaccinations

Products and services Information and legal support PRIME Documents of the PRIME feed Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 21, No. 125n On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications

Document overview

Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 21, No. 125n On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications

In accordance with Articles 9 and 10 of the Federal Law of September 17, 1998 No. 157-FZ On the Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1998, No. 38, Art. 4736; 2000, No. 33, Art. 3348; 2003, No. 2, Art. 167; 2004, No. 35, Art. 3607; 2005, No. 1, Art. 25; 2006, No. 27, Art. 2879; 2007, No. 43, Art. 5084; No. 49, Art. 6070; 2008 , No. 30, Art. 3616; No. 52, Art. 6236; 2009, No. 1, Art. 21; No. 30, Art. 3739; 2010, No. 50, Art. 6599; , No. 30, Art. 4590; , No. 53, Art. 7589; No. 19, Art. 2331; No. 27, Art. 3477; No. 48, Art. 6165; No. 51, Art. 6688) I order:

national calendar of preventive vaccinations according to Appendix No. 1;

calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications according to Appendix No. 2.

Against hemophilus influenzae

Children who were not vaccinated against hemophilus influenzae in the first year of life.

The procedure for carrying out preventive vaccinations for citizens within the framework of the preventive vaccination calendar for epidemic indications

1. Preventive vaccinations within the framework of the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications are carried out to citizens in medical organizations if such organizations have a license providing for the performance of work (services) on vaccination (carrying out preventive vaccinations).

2. Vaccination is carried out by medical workers who have been trained in the use of immunobiological drugs for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, the organization of vaccination, vaccination techniques, as well as in the provision of emergency or emergency medical care.

3. Vaccination and revaccination within the framework of the preventive vaccination calendar for epidemic indications is carried out with immunobiological drugs for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, registered in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the instructions for their use.

4. Before carrying out a preventive vaccination, the person subject to vaccination or his legal representative is explained the need for immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, possible post-vaccination reactions and complications, as well as the consequences of refusal to carry out a preventive vaccination, and informed voluntary consent to medical intervention is drawn up in accordance with the requirements of Article 20 of the Federal Law of November 21, No. 323-FZ On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation.

5. All persons who should receive preventive vaccinations are first examined by a doctor (paramedic)**.

6. It is allowed to administer inactivated vaccines on the same day with different syringes to different parts of the body. The interval between vaccinations against different infections when administered separately (not on the same day) should be at least 1 month.

7. Vaccination against polio according to epidemic indications is carried out with oral polio vaccine. Indications for vaccinating children with oral polio vaccine for epidemic indications are registration of a case of polio caused by wild poliovirus, isolation of wild poliovirus in human biosamples or from environmental objects. In these cases, vaccination is carried out in accordance with the decree of the chief state sanitary doctor of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which determines the age of children to be vaccinated, the timing, procedure and frequency of its implementation.

Document overview

The national calendar of preventive vaccinations has been approved. The order in which they are carried out is prescribed.

Mandatory vaccination against tuberculosis, pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae infections, diphtheria, whooping cough, polio, viral hepatitis B, and tetanus is provided. The calendar also includes vaccinations against measles, rubella, and mumps. The categories and ages of citizens who receive the listed vaccines are indicated.

Vaccinations can be performed by medical organizations that have the appropriate license.

Before vaccination, the person or his legal representative is explained the need for immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, possible post-vaccination reactions and complications, as well as the consequences of refusing vaccination. Informed voluntary consent to medical intervention is drawn up.

All persons who should receive preventive vaccinations are first examined by a doctor (paramedic).

The requirements for health workers conducting vaccinations are given. Thus, they must undergo training on the use of immunobiological drugs and the provision of emergency or emergency medical care.

A calendar of preventive vaccinations has been established for epidemic indications. We are talking about vaccination against tularemia, plague, brucellosis, anthrax, rabies, leptospirosis, tick-borne viral encephalitis, Q fever, yellow fever, cholera, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis A, etc.

To view the current text of the document and obtain complete information about the entry into force, changes and procedure for applying the document, use the search in the Internet version of the GARANT system:

However, if you work as a dental assistant in the Russian Federation, then you need to be examined for HBs-ag annually

Sanitary and epidemiological rules Prevention of HBV SP 3.1.1.2341-08

Application
GROUPS OF PEOPLE WITH A HIGH RISK OF INFECTION BY THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS SUBJECT TO MANDATORY TESTING FOR HBSAG IN THE BLOOD BY ELISA
8. Surgical, urological, obstetric and gynecological personnel,
ophthalmological, otolaryngological, anesthesiological, resuscitation, dental, infectious diseases, gastroenterological hospitals, departments and offices of polyclinics (including procedural, vaccination), staff of stations and emergency departments
Upon hiring and then once a year, additionally - according to clinical and epidemiological indications

The Russian vaccination calendar does not provide for any revaccinations against hepatitis B, but there are provisions for medical workers
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OF HEPATITIS B, METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS MU 3.1.2792-10

11. Specific prevention of hepatitis B
11.2. All persons under the age of 55 are subject to routine vaccination. Particular attention should be paid primarily to categories with an increased risk of contracting this infection:
- medical workers who have contact with blood and/or its components, and above all employees and staff of blood service departments, hemodialysis departments, kidney transplants, cardiovascular and pulmonary surgery, burn centers and hematology, personnel of clinical diagnostic and biochemical laboratories; doctors, nursing and junior medical personnel in surgical, urological, obstetrics and gynecology, anesthesiology, resuscitation, dentistry, oncology, infectious diseases, therapeutics, incl. gastroenterological hospitals, departments and clinics; medical staff of emergency stations and departments;
.
11.4. In all territories it is necessary to assess the immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of vaccine prevention of hepatitis B.
Medical workers listed in clause 11.2 who have received the full course of vaccination are subject to revaccination against hepatitis B every 5 years by administering one booster dose of the drug according to the instructions for its use.

Is hepatitis B vaccination mandatory for healthcare workers?

Subject: employers often require that the medical staff of a medical organization be vaccinated against hepatitis B. Sometimes this is presented as just a good thing, if not difficult, and sometimes quite harshly, with the threat of dismissal from work. I came across this issue nose to nose and was forced to look for a legislative framework on it.
I will post in this topic what I have found so far - it will be useful to someone.
Amendments, additions, and objections from colleagues in this topic are welcome.

So, indeed, a worker who works with blood is constantly at risk of becoming infected with hepatitis B, which in 10% of cases in adults (and up to 90% of cases in children) becomes chronic. This means that he is a risk group in the full sense of the word and protecting himself from hepatitis by vaccination is in his personal interests. In addition, a medical worker who was not vaccinated against hepatitis B and became infected during his professional activities (how to prove this will need to be discussed separately) can count on monetary compensation from the medical organization in which he is employed.

This is on the one hand, from the employee’s side. Now from the employer's side. His subordinates are a risk group, and it is his duty to protect them. That is, provide them with vaccination. And personal protective equipment. And safe working conditions. And if he did all this, then why should he pay an employee who was provided with all the conditions, but he ignored one of them (or all) and then became infected?

That is, the prerequisites for these issues to be separately and unambiguously regulated by law are obvious.

Now let's look at these same regulatory legislation.

So. Top down:

Federal Law No. 51 of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”, Article 51, paragraph 1, subparagraph b):

Article 51. Powers of chief state sanitary doctors and their deputies

1. The chief state sanitary doctors and their deputies, along with the rights provided for in Article 50 of this Federal Law, are vested with the following powers:
1) consider materials and cases of violations of sanitary legislation;
2) bring claims to court and arbitration court in case of violation of sanitary legislation;

That is, sanitary legislation is mandatory; failure to comply entails legal proceedings and various types of liability, which is logical.

Federal Law of September 17, 1998, No. 157-FZ “On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases”. Article 10:

Article 10. Responsibilities of citizens
Citizens are obliged:
comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation, as well as regulations, instructions and sanitary and epidemiological conclusions of officials carrying out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision;
take care of the health, hygiene education and education of their children;
not to carry out actions that entail a violation of the rights of other citizens to health protection and a favorable living environment.

That is, once again about the same thing - in more detail: citizens of the Russian Federation are obliged to comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation.

PREVENTION OF VIRAL HEPATITIS.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
VIRAL HEPATITIS SURVEILLANCE
SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RULES
SP 3.1.958-00

8.3. In accordance with the list of works approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 15, 1999 N 825, the implementation of which is associated with a high risk of contracting infectious diseases, subject to mandatory vaccination :

8.3.1. Medical workers. primarily those who have contact with the blood of patients.

8.3.2. Persons involved in the production of immunobiological preparations from donor and placental blood.

8.3.3. Students of medical institutes and students of secondary medical educational institutions (primarily graduates).

Briefly and unambiguously.

Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated February 28, 2008 N 14 On the approval of sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.1.2341-08 (together with SP 3.1.1.2341-08. Prevention of viral hepatitis B. Sanitary and epidemiological rules)

8.4. In order to prevent occupational hepatitis B infections, the following is carried out:
8.4.1. identification of persons infected with HBV among medical personnel during initial and periodic medical examinations;

8.4.2. vaccination against hepatitis B of medical workers upon entry to work; 8.4.3. accounting for cases of microtrauma by hospital staff, emergency situations involving contact of blood and biological fluids with the skin and mucous membranes, emergency prevention of hepatitis B.

Thus, vaccination against hepatitis B is not only in the interests of both the health worker and his employer, but is also enshrined in law. And, as I understand it, it can become a very good reason for both refusal of employment and dismissal.

If my colleagues have any objections/additions, I will be glad and grateful.

PS full texts of the cited documents are in the attached file.

Appendix N 1. National calendar of preventive vaccinations Appendix N 2. Calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications

Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of March 21, 2014 N 125n
"On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications"

With changes and additions from:

calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications in accordance with Appendix No. 2.

IN AND. Skvortsova

Registration N 32115

The national calendar of preventive vaccinations has been approved. The order in which they are carried out is prescribed.

Vaccinations can be performed by medical organizations that have the appropriate license.

All persons who should receive preventive vaccinations are first examined by a doctor (paramedic).

The requirements for health workers conducting vaccinations are given. Thus, they must undergo training on the use of immunobiological drugs and the provision of emergency or emergency medical care.

Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2014 N 125n “On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications”

Registration N 32115

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In Russia, according to the Preventive Vaccination Calendar, the entire population is subject to vaccination. Particular attention is paid to immunization of working citizens, especially in the medical field. Doctors, nurses and laboratory workers are constantly at risk of contracting infectious diseases not only to themselves, but also to those around them.

Legal aspects of mandatory vaccinations for health workers

Mandatory vaccinations for medical workers are carried out in accordance with government regulations and the order of the Ministry of Health. The following regulations are currently in effect.

Important! Free vaccination is carried out within the framework of the Calendar in state and municipal medical institutions. Vaccination of health workers is provided by the institution in which they work.

Refusal of vaccination

What vaccinations are required for healthcare workers?

According to the Russian Vaccination Calendar, the entire population is vaccinated. Immunization against the following infectious diseases is mandatory for medical workers:

People without information about what they have already been vaccinated against should also get immunized.

Vaccination is also carried out according to epidemic indications:

from polio;
from hepatitis A;
from shigellosis.

What vaccines are used to vaccinate healthcare workers?

Vaccination of healthcare workers against hepatitis B is done with the domestic vaccine “Combiotex” in a dose of 1 ml at the age of 18–55 years, if they have not been sick and have not been vaccinated. Revaccination of health workers against hepatitis B is carried out after 1 and 6 months. Alternative vaccines, Engerix B and HEP-A-in-VAK, are also used for vaccination.

Once every 10 years, health workers are revaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus with the ADS-M vaccine.

Vaccines for immunization of health workers for epidemic indications

According to epidemic indications, medical workers are vaccinated against shigellosis with the Shigellvac vaccine in a single dose of 0.5 ml. If revaccination is required, it is done after a year.

Source: privivku.ru

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Timely vaccination against diseases helps to avoid many serious complications and mass infections. But if in the case of vaccination of children few questions arise, and basically all parents go through this procedure without difficulty, then immunization in adulthood is not carried out by every person. However, the Preventive Vaccination Calendar clearly gives instructions on who is eligible for them and when. The law also approved mandatory vaccination of workers in certain industries.

The importance of immunization in adulthood

With age, a person does not independently receive protection from diseases unless he has had them, so preventive vaccinations are not only for children.

The list of mandatory vaccinations is prescribed by law.

However, many people underestimate the importance of immunization in adulthood; some believe that the disease will not affect them, while others believe that they will tolerate it normally.

Regarding the first opinion, it was already said at the beginning, but as for the second, people do not take into account that, having become infected, they can become a source of mass spread of the disease. And this applies not only to family members, the entire environment is at risk.

Particularly severe consequences are possible if a person works in a kindergarten, school, university, hospital and other places where people visit in large numbers.

Regulatory documents on compulsory vaccination

Mandatory vaccination for employees is regulated by the following government and Ministry of Health regulations:

Order of the Russian Ministry of Health number 125-N. According to it, all employees must be vaccinated against infectious diseases to prevent the risk of infecting other people. The order came into force on March 21, 2014.
In the absence of contraindications to vaccination, all employees must be vaccinated against infectious diseases based on the adopted federal law of September 17, 1998, number 157 “On the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases.”
The current Federal Law of November 21, 2011, number 323 “On protecting the health of the population of Russia.” Each employee is required to consent to vaccination if he has no contraindications.
Based on the resolution of Federal Law No. 257, every citizen has the right to vaccination.
In the decree of July 15, 1999, number 825, a list of works that are associated with a risk of infection was published. For this reason, employees holding positions in educational institutions are required to be vaccinated against a number of infectious diseases.
The National Vaccination Calendar was approved by order number 125n of the Ministry of Health dated March 21, 2014.

According to the Annual Flu Vaccination Calendar, the following are subject to:

Employees of educational organizations.
People over 60 years of age.
Working in the medical field.
Persons with various chronic diseases, which include: cardiovascular, pulmonary pathologies, obesity and metabolic disorders.
Working in the public utilities sector.
Drivers of vehicles.
Pregnant women.

What preventive vaccinations are given to adults at work: a complete list

Legislation, in particular the Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations, prescribes mandatory vaccination against many diseases for working people.

Vaccination against influenza is carried out every year to all people, regardless of age category.

For measles

Two vaccinations against measles are required for people under 35 years of age, employees of food industry organizations and those working in the catering industry.

Vaccination is also given to employees up to 55 years of age:

Spheres of trade.
Medical organizations.
Communal sphere.
Drivers of vehicles.
Educational organizations.

For tetanus and diphtheria

Vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria for an adult is prescribed every 10 years from the date of the last vaccination. For people who have not been vaccinated against these diseases, it is carried out using three vaccinations.

For hepatitis

It is necessary to carry out 3 vaccinations against viral hepatitis B - for persons under 55 years of age, and against viral hepatitis A, medical workers and those serving sewerage and water supply facilities are vaccinated.

Other vaccines

Women under 25 years of age must be vaccinated against rubella 2 times.

Vaccination against typhoid fever is carried out regardless of age, for people dealing with live cultures of typhoid pathogens, transporting, collecting and disposing of waste, as well as for workers in sanitary cleaning of populated areas.

Mandatory vaccination of workers

Based on current legislation, immunoprophylactic measures can be divided into mandatory and recommended. In the first case, every employee is obliged to get vaccinated, and in the second, the employer will make the decision at his own discretion.

Vaccination against the influenza virus is not mandatory, but is recommended for preventive purposes for:

Military personnel.
Employees in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Medical workers.
Builders.
Employees who are members of the workforce at an enterprise, in various institutions, organizations and others.

In some cases, flu vaccination may be mandatory:

People who carry out work activities in territories included in the list of endemic and enzootic zones. At the moment, there is no specific list of such territories; for this reason, it is not possible to carry out mandatory vaccination.
According to epidemic indicators. Vaccination is prescribed when there is a threat of mass spread of infection or a dangerous disease in certain areas. In this case, the following personnel are subject to immunization: medical and educational institutions, nursing homes, trade and services, and transport services.

The decision to carry out mandatory vaccination in epidemic areas is made by the chief state sanitary doctors.

Employees of educational institutions

Based on labor legislation, the manager who provided the employee with a workplace bears administrative responsibility for the sanitary and epidemiological condition of his educational institution.

Thus, if a teacher becomes ill and if students become infected with it, all responsibility will fall on the manager, up to and including bringing him to trial.

If the employee has not undergone mandatory vaccination, then such a circumstance will be considered a violation of health protection orders, sanitary-epidemiological and labor legislation.

The work of teachers and educators is considered to be among the professions most exposed to the risk of infectious diseases, therefore:

For employees in the education sector, it is necessary to receive a flu vaccination every year, and a booster vaccination every 10 years from the date of the last vaccination.
The measles vaccine can be administered to employees under the age of 35 and only if they have not previously had the disease.
Vaccination against rubella for females is permissible up to the age of 25 years if the disease has not been suffered and if there is no previous vaccination against this disease.
Vaccination against hepatitis B is required for workers in the educational sector aged 18 to 55 years, if they have not previously had hepatitis and have not been vaccinated against it.
For preschool education workers, it is necessary to carry out 2 vaccinations against hepatitis A and Sonne dysentery.

These rules apply to employees of schools, kindergartens, boarding schools, higher educational institutions, etc.

Medical workers

All citizens must be vaccinated, including medical workers for whom there is mandatory immunization against diseases:

In addition to mandatory vaccinations for medical workers, there are a number of additional vaccinations for contact with cultures of plague, tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, yellow fever, rabies, and brucellosis.

Food industry and catering personnel

Infection of one of the employees of the catering department of a children's or other institution contributes to the spread of the disease among the team and consumers. The infection process can occur as a result of communication or due to the consumption of food that was in contact with the sick person.

To reduce the risk of contracting infection to other food industry and catering personnel, timely preventive vaccination and compliance with personal hygiene rules are necessary.

Immunoprophylaxis for food industry and catering workers is carried out against the following diseases:

diphtheria and tetanus;
measles;
viral hepatitis B;
rubella;
dysentery.

Workers of water works

Due to working conditions in places with high pollution, workers in water supply facilities must undergo preventive vaccinations, which are recommended for others according to the law. It is most important to vaccinate such personnel against viral hepatitis A and typhoid fever. In the event of a serious accident in the sewer or water supply network, vaccination against shigellosis is also required.

Responsibility of the employer for carrying out mandatory vaccination at the enterprise

According to the law, working personnel have the right to refuse vaccination, however, every employer is obliged to comply with sanitary standards. It must provide employees with safe working conditions, as well as produce products and provide services that are not dangerous to consumers. Without carrying out preventive measures among personnel, fulfilling these obligations is not possible. Therefore, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities are responsible for carrying out immunization prescribed by law. Otherwise, the employer will be subject to legal proceedings.

Obliges legal entities, in direct accordance with the activities they carry out, to comply with all norms and requirements of sanitary legislation.

Do they have the right to force people to get vaccinated at work?

Based on the law established on September 17, 1998, under article number 5, an employee in the field of education can make a voluntary decision to refuse vaccination and other medical intervention.

However, this may result in the following consequences:

Denial of employment in medical or educational institutions.
Restriction of travel to foreign countries.

An employer does not have the right to force people to get vaccinated, but they can refuse employment or fire an employee who refuses the mandatory vaccinations prescribed by law. But in any case, the employer must take measures to ensure that the requirements of the law are met.

Vaccine prevention is of great importance not only in childhood, but also in adulthood. Unfortunately, not everyone understands this, which creates an additional risk of mass spread of one or another disease. According to the law, some vaccinations are mandatory for employees, and refusal to receive them may result in dismissal or refusal to accept employment. But there is also a list of optional vaccinations, the decision to carry out which is made by the employer at its own discretion and taking into account the consent of the staff.

Legal aspects of mandatory vaccinations for health workers Waiver What vaccinations are mandatory for health workers What vaccines are used for vaccinations for health workers Vaccines for immunization of health workers for epidemic indications

Legal aspects of mandatory vaccinations for health workers

Mandatory vaccinations for medical workers are carried out in accordance with government regulations and the order of the Ministry of Health. The following regulations are currently in effect.

1. Order H on approval of the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations, as well as the vaccination calendar for epidemic indications, Order dated January 1, 2001 N 370n. ABOUT MAKING CHANGES

IN APPENDICES N 1 AND 2 TO THE ORDER OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF MARCH 21, 2014 N 125Н "ON APPROVAL OF THE NATIONAL

CALENDAR OF PREVENTIVE VACCINATIONS AND CALENDAR

PREVENTIVE VACCINATIONS ACCORDING TO EPIDEMIC INDICATIONS"

These orders require all health care workers to be vaccinated against infectious diseases, as they are most at risk of infection.

2.Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the management of medical waste and SanPiN standards 2.1.7.2790-10. According to these rules, a person who has not been vaccinated against hepatitis B cannot be allowed to work related to the disposal of medical waste.

Order on vaccination of health workers, issued on July 15, 1999 No. 000 “On approval of the list of works, the performance of which is associated with a high risk of contracting infectious diseases and requires mandatory preventive vaccinations.”

Important! Free vaccination is carried out within the framework of the Calendar in state and municipal ones. Vaccination of health workers is provided by the institution in which they work.

Refusal of vaccination

What vaccinations are required for healthcare workers?

According to the Russian Vaccination Calendar, the entire population is vaccinated. Immunization against the following infectious diseases is mandatory for medical workers:

People without information about what they have already been vaccinated against should also get immunized.