Goldfish - Stargazer. Stargazer goldfish or celestial eye (carassius auratus) Heavenly eye is a decorative breed of aquarium goldfish

The stargazer is a selectively bred form of goldfish.

The fish has an egg-shaped body. Telescopic eyes. The tail feathers and anal fin are two-part, and the dorsal fin is completely absent. All fins are small. Veiled forms of these fish, which have a very beautiful view. The color of the fish is golden-orange. Fish size in aquarium conditions reaches 15 cm.

The water parameters should be the following: temperature 18-25°C, hardness 9 - 22°, acidity pH 6.0-8.0. The fish can easily tolerate fluctuations in water temperature within the range of 18-30°C. It is advisable to maintain the water temperature within 18-23°C in the summer months, and 16-18°C in the winter months. To prevent various skin diseases, it is advisable to add it to water. table salt in proportion 5-6 g. for 1 liter of water. This concentration of salt is not at all dangerous for fish, because... they tolerate 12% water salinity normally. Need weekly changes? parts of the aquarium water are fresh, as well as its filtration and aeration.

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The perimeter of the aquarium must be planted with large-leaved plants with hard leaves and a strong root system. Plants with soft leaves will quickly become frayed. Most suitable plants for an aquarium with these fish are the following: sagittaria, elodea, vallisneria and egg capsule.

The Heavenly Eye, however, like all types of goldfish, constantly digs in the ground. Therefore, to prevent them from injuring their mouths, the soil should not have sharp edges. It is best to use coarse river sand or fine polished gravel as soil.

Lighting should be moderate, preferably natural.

Fish do not have any special requirements for their menu. They eat with great pleasure all the food that is given to them, and they eat a lot, so the food given must be strictly dosed. Vegetable feeding is required, which should make up at least 40% of the total fish diet. You can feed the fish specialized feeds in the form of flakes and granules, which, thanks to special additives, help improve the coloring of fish. You need to feed the fish twice a day - morning and evening. Uneaten food should be removed after 20 minutes. With the right balanced diet adult fish are able to endure a week-long hunger strike without problems.

Reproduction

Stargazers reach sexual maturity at the age of about 2 years.

An aquarium with a volume of 80 liters or more is suitable as a spawning aquarium. In it, you need to place coarse river sand as soil and plant several bushes of small-leaved plants. The temperature in the spawning tank is maintained within 24 - 26°C.

Before spawning, the spawners are kept separately for 15-20 days and fed with a variety of foods.

Producers are placed in the spawning tank in a ratio of 1 female to 2-3 males. Spawning is stimulated by a gradual increase in water temperature by 3-4°C. At this time, the males begin to pursue the female, who begins to spawn in small portions. Some of the eggs remain among the leaves of the plants, and some sink to the bottom. In total, during the entire spawning process, the female lays 2,000-10,000 eggs. Immediately after spawning, the spawners are removed.

The eggs are incubated for 3-4 days, during which larvae appear, which after another 3-4 days turn into tiny fry, which are fed live dust in the first days of life. At good nutrition and acceptable conditions of detention, 2-month-old fry take on a rounded shape and become very similar to their parents.

The lifespan of stargazer goldfish in aquarium conditions is about 15 years.

Description:

Stargazer or also called the celestial eye, one of the fish included in the so-called “Goldfish” family. The stargazer has a round, ovoid body. A special feature of the fish is its telescopic eyes directed slightly forward and upward. Although this is considered a deviation from the ideal, these fish are very beautiful. The color of stargazers is orange-golden. The fish reaches a length of up to 15 cm.

Stargazers must be kept in an aquarium with a volume of at least 100 liters per pair. A 200 liter aquarium can contain 5-6 individuals.

Comfortable water parameters for keeping are: 18 - 23 ° C, hardness 8 - 25 °, with acidity 6-8. Aeration and filtration are MANDATORY.

Stargazers are compatible with all peaceful fish. You should not keep them with fish capable of aggression towards them (barbs, especially cichlis), because this will lead to the fact that only tattered feathers will remain from the beautiful fins.

The peculiarity of the fish is that it loves to rummage in the ground. It is better to use coarse sand or pebbles as soil, which are not so easily scattered by fish. The aquarium itself should be spacious and species-rich, with large-leaved plants. Therefore, it is better to plant plants with hard leaves and a good root system in an aquarium with goldfish.

Fish are unpretentious when it comes to food . They eat quite a lot and willingly, so remember that it is better to underfeed the fish than to overfeed them. The amount of food given daily should not exceed 3% of the fish’s weight. Adult fish are fed twice a day - early in the morning and in the evening. Feed is given as much as they can eat in ten to twenty minutes, and any uneaten food should be removed. Their diet must include both live and plant foods.

Adult fish receiving proper nutrition, can endure a week-long hunger strike without harm. It must be remembered that when feeding dry food, they should be given in small portions several times a day, since when it enters a moist environment, in the fish’s esophagus, it swells and increases significantly in size and can cause constipation and disturbances. normal functioning digestive organs fish, which may result in the death of the fish. To do this, you can first hold dry food for some time (10 seconds - flakes, 20-30 seconds - granules) in water and only then give it to the fish.

Breeding

Reproduction of the Heavenly Eye is not difficult. However, it is very difficult to obtain specimens of this fish that meet all breed standards. Such fish grow only two per hundred. Others have many flaws that devalue them in varying degrees. Therefore, the Heavenly Eye, which fully meets all the requirements of the breed, is rare in our time and is very expensive. Another difficulty in breeding is that it is possible to determine whether the fish meets all the requirements only after the Heavenly Eye reaches one year of age.

Conditions of keeping and behavioral characteristics of the “heavenly eye” goldfish in the aquarium

It is worth noting that the “celestial eye” is a fish of the carp family, and its content is not much different from other goldfish. A 50 liter aquarium with constant aeration can contain 1-2 individuals. It is better to put it on the bottom of the aquarium coarse soil or sand, since fish really like to dig in it. Plants must be planted with a well-developed root system and hard leaves, since they spoil delicate plants, and the leaves become dirty due to waste settling on them. The following plants are suitable: vallisneria, sagittaria, egg capsule, or elodea (the hardiest).

How to feed skyeye goldfish in an aquarium

These fish are not picky when it comes to food and eat any food. The diet should include both animal and plant foods. Since they need more carbohydrates and less protein than other fish, many companies produce specialized food for these fish. These feeds are balanced additives to the basic diet and have a beneficial effect on general health and color of the fish.

It is advisable to pre-moisten dry food in water and then only give it to the fish, otherwise it will swell in their stomach, you should not overfeed them, adults eat once a day, morning and evening. After 20 minutes of feeding, the remains must be removed from the aquarium. They can live up to 15 years.

Keeping goldfish of the “celestial eye” or “stargazer” breeding form together with other fish in an aquarium

Stargazers (celestial eye) can be kept with exclusively peace-loving fish breeds. And it’s better only with goldfish; it’s advisable to choose fish by size. Catfish and sucker catfish will keep them in good company. The aquarium must be provided with natural light and good filtration. These fish are not particularly sensitive to direct water parameters.

The permissible temperature is the range of 15-30 °C, the average - 18-23 °C, water hardness 8-25. Some of the water must be periodically replaced with fresh water; if you are sick, throw them 5-10 grams of salt, they very well tolerate water saturation with salt up to 10-12%.

How to feed baby goldfish "celestial eye" or "stargazer"

The female can produce about 10,000 eggs. Fry should first be fed with “live dust”, and then with specialized food, which is available in abundance on the shelves of pet stores. Later you can feed it with tubifex; boiled fish meat is also suitable.

The star ancistrus (lat. Ancistrus hoplogenys) is a good aquarium cleaner and a master of camouflage. Sometimes he doesn't move for hours, so it seems like he's no longer alive.

They blend in so much environment that it is sometimes difficult to see them, even knowing where it is.

They look very unusual with their spiky muzzle, but at the same time this is what makes them so attractive.

This catfish was first described by Valenciennes in 1836. They are found in tributaries of the Amazon River, especially the Paraná River.

Previously they were known under other names, but subsequently the catfish of this group began to be assigned a number.

The star ancistrus is not included in the international Red Book. It is also worth warning that the catfish does not end up in areas that are alien to it. natural systems, although it is small, it can cause great harm to the biotopes of other countries.

The biotopes inhabited by the star ancistrus vary from fast-flowing waters with a rocky bottom to very slow waters with a clayey bottom. During the rainy season it can be found in flooded forests.

The starfish's natural diet is algae and plankton (microscopic inhabitants of the waters), with adults enjoying it in the deeper, darker areas, while juveniles can usually be found in the shallower, lighter areas.

Ancistrus stellata is part of the large group Ancistrini, which this moment has about 64 species.

Nowadays you can find several different variations of star ancistrus on sale; they differ from each other in small details and have not yet been sufficiently described.

They all have a certain number, but very often the classification is confusing and the differences are so small that juveniles of one species are sold under the guise of another. The most popular is L181 star ancistrus.

The main difference between Ancistrus stellata and its relatives is its peaceful nature and modest size; it can be kept even in small aquariums. In addition, they are popular because they are quite easy to breed.

Description

The star ancistrus is covered with bony plates, and has a suction cup-shaped mouth underneath.

They are often confused with their close relative, Ancistrus vulgaris, but the starfish is smaller, wider and has a broad head. In addition, their coloring is significantly different.

Adult males have spike-like projections on their heads; females have the same projections, but they are small and almost invisible.

These fish also have spines on the first rays of their pectoral fins and a modified stomach that allows them to survive in oxygen-poor environments.

The average life expectancy is 5 years, although good conditions may live longer.

The color of the body and fins is dark, almost black with small white-bluish dots. In young animals, the back and caudal fins are decorated with a wide white border, which disappears with age.

Difficulty in content

A fairly easy-to-keep fish that lives in different conditions. It is easy to maintain and gets along well even with beginners.

Young fish are more sensitive to pH fluctuations than adults, therefore, adult fish will be preferable for beginners. They need pure water, aerated with free access to the food at the bottom of the aquarium.

The fish are excellent at cleaning the aquarium from fouling, which makes them very attractive for general aquariums.

The star ancistrus is prone to overeating, so try not to overfeed it. At the same time, it is sometimes difficult to track whether they are consuming enough food. If your aquarium is not overgrown with plants, be sure to feed the starfish with plant food and vegetables.

Starfish reach a body length of about 9 cm, and can be kept in aquariums from 50 liters. Inhabitants of the Amazon and its tributaries, star ancistrus prefer oxygen-rich water with a slow to moderate current.

Sometimes these fish can rise to the surface to take a breath of air; if you notice this, it means they lack oxygen or the level of nitrates in the water is increased!

Star ancistrus prefers dark aquariums with driftwood, caves and other shelters. Such conditions are also created by which stellates feed.

Feeding

Typical herbivores, star ancistrus feed primarily on . But in an aquarium they may not have enough of them. They do not damage plants, but may starve.

Now it's very easy to buy special feed for ancistrus, in the form of tablets that do not get wet and sink to the bottom.

They are usually spirulina based and provide good nutrition for catfish. But it is also worth adding vegetables to the diet, such as zucchini, carrots, spinach, cucumbers - the star ancistrus will happily eat all of this.

It is better to feed twice a day, in small portions.

But they love star ancistrus not only for this, they are known as excellent fighters against. As herbivores, they eat fouling from all surfaces in the aquarium, scraping it off with their mouthparts.

Also add driftwood to the aquarium to normal nutrition Ancistrus stellata. He needs wood particles for normal digestion.

As already mentioned, the fish is quite hardy. But still, the aquarium is closed system and cannot provide for itself.

Over time, waste accumulates, nitrates and phosphates poison the environment and fish, and water hardness increases.

Weekly water changes are mandatory, approximately 30% of the aquarium volume. But be careful, starfish have spines and when stressed they can get caught in them, especially when trying to fish them out.

It is best to do this using a plastic container.

The star ancistrus spends most of its time at the bottom of the aquarium, although it may appear on the side walls.

Due to its small size, it can be kept in aquariums of 50 liters or more. Prefers well-aerated water with little current. It is better to install a filtration system, although this is not necessary.

It is better to use medium-fraction gravel as a soil, on which it looks very beautiful. Shelters and snags are required; they spend a lot of time in them, and during spawning they lay eggs.

Water parameters for keeping: 20-28°C, dH up to 20°, pH 6-7.5.

Compatibility

Star ancistrus usually get along well with other fish species, but can get into fights with each other, especially when two adult males live in the same small aquarium.

At the same time, starfish do not touch other types of fish, do not eat their eggs, and are themselves well protected from attacks even by large fish. They have a tough, bony body and spiny spines.

Sex differences

Sex can be determined in the same way as with all ancistrus; male stellates have sharp outgrowths on their heads, which make it very easy to distinguish them from females.

You can call them spikes or whiskers, that’s not the point, but only males grow large. In addition, males are much larger and differ more aggressive behavior in relation to other males.

Note that they can only be distinguished at sexual maturity; when buying fry, you are playing Russian roulette.

Breeding

Ancistrus reproduce quite easily in an aquarium, the conditions are the same as for the common ancistrus. Fish become sexually mature at the age of 8-12 months.

In nature, spawning occurs in winter. In the Amazon, the rainy season begins, which is characterized by a large influx of cool water.

The trigger for the start of spawning is replacement large quantity water - up to 75% and decreasing temperature. The same conditions are created in nature during the rainy season.

One amateur obtained fry at a water temperature of 18 degrees Celsius, although he did not repeat this experiment again, this is still extremely low.

The spawning tank should have a volume of at least 40 liters, with plenty of shelters and snags. Recommended water parameters are acidity 6.5-7.0 pH and hardness 5-10 degrees.

The male carefully cleans the shelter he has chosen and then invites the female for inspection. In the shelter, the female lays from 20 to 200 eggs. Usually they are located on the walls.

As soon as the female has laid eggs, she must be removed immediately; she does not show any further participation and only irritates the male. He is very caring and will spend the next 7-10 days in the care of the eggs, constantly fanning them with his pectoral fins, removing dead eggs and protecting them.

As a rule, he doesn’t even eat during this period, so don’t be alarmed.

After 7-10 days, larvae will appear, which are attached to the walls and feed on the large yolk sac. Once the larva consumes it completely, it will turn into a small copy of its parents.

From this time on, the male can be removed and the fry can be fed. Food for shrimp, food for ancistrus and artemia nauplii are the basis of the diet.

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Modern world aquarium fish is huge and diverse, but undoubtedly one of the most popular and beloved is group of goldfish, the very first domesticated ones, with which aquarium farming began.

The ancestors of goldfish were brown and inconspicuous, but, thanks to numerous selections, individuals of any size, shape and color palette.

A little clumsy, but very cute, sometimes funny and unusual goldens represent a large group of artificially bred forms and breeds.

Particularly beautiful and unusual is one of the rarest varieties of decorative goldfish ( telescope) - STARGADER, or, as it is also called, HEAVENLY EYE.

These fairly large fish, among the short-bodied goldfish, can reach a length of 15 cm, and have a very beautiful, luxurious and fluffy tail, cut in two.

The color of stargazers is bright orange or orange-golden.

They are surrounded by thick fabric and leather and have enough big size. In this case, the pupils of the eyes shouldbe directed straight forward or upward. This position of the eyes makes it impossible to see the side panorama and the bottom.

The history of the origin of this breed is interesting.

According to one legend, they were bred and kept in Korea in Buddhist monasteries. Unusual eyes, turned upward, made it possible for the fish to “look directly at God.” Monks These fish were carefully revered and protected, cared for as sacred animals, however, according to legend, several specimens were still stolen.

They became known to Europeans at the beginning of the last century, although the first mentions (drawings and images on vases) appeared much earlier.

The features of this eye shape were achieved through long-term selection. They were bred when kept in special conditions- in special opaque vessels that were deprived of full access sunlight. Weak light penetrated the water through small holes from above, so the fish often directed their gaze upward. After some time, the offspring of the upper gazers began to appear with such eyes constantly.

One more distinctive feature These wonderful fish are considered to lack a dorsal fin!

It should be completely absent. If there is even a slight hint or stripe on the back, this greatly devalues ​​the individual.

All the uniqueness of these fish is revealed when viewed from above.

These fish are very convenient and beautiful not only in aquariums, but also in ponds and greenhouse pools, however, keeping these fish also has its own characteristics.

Because of special structure eyes and head, these fish may have difficulty feeding, so the stargazer requires constant attention and care.

This strange fish is interesting for some of its other features:

Stargazers- quiet creatures, very beautiful and very gentle.

They are extremely harmless, very clumsy and almost incapable of defending themselves.

It is very important to remember this when choosing tankmates for them.

Goldfish without a top fin appeared in the early 18th century. Among the drawings sent from China to Paris in 1772 are several fish with a rounded body and without an upper fin; with eyes turned upward. There is a legend about the origin of this breed: they were kept in Buddhist monasteries in Korea and eyes turned upward allowed the fish to look at God Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]][[K:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]] [ ] .

A peculiar movement of the eyes with their increased size was difficult to achieve through selection; the secret of such a change was kept in the strictest confidence. Probably, several specimens were stolen, and it turned out that the peculiarities of the shape of the fish's eyes were achieved by keeping the “stargazers - the heavenly eye” in opaque porcelain vessels, into which very weak light penetrated only from above.

This breed of fish has always been very popular among Buddhist monks, who breed it in the park ponds of old and new monasteries [[K:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]][[K:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]][[K:Wikipedia:Articles without sources (country: Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#property" was not found. )]] .

Description

Length - up to 15 cm. The head and nose of this goldfish are short. The dorsal fin is missing. The tail fins are lush and forked - cut in the middle. Huge, bordered by skin and connective tissue corneas of the eye, pupils directed upward.

see also

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Literature

• N. F. Zolotnitsky (1851-1920) “Amateur Aquarium”
• Ilyin M. N. “Aquarium fish farming”, Moscow University Publishing House, 1977, 400 pp.
• Andrews, Chris. An Interpet Guide to Fancy Goldfish, Interpet Publishing, 2002. - ISBN 1-902389-64-6
• Johnson, Dr. Erik L., D.V.M. and Richard E. Hess. Fancy Goldfish: A Complete Guide to Care and Collecting, Weatherhill, Shambhala Publications, Inc., 2006. - ISBN 0-8348-0448-4
• "Fishes in Nature and in the Aquarium" from Nutrafin News Aquatic magazine, Rolf C. Hagen (U.S.A.) Inc. and Rolf C. Hagen Corp. (Montreal, Canada), Issue #4, 2004
• Innes, Dr William T. "The Sacred Fish of Korea," AQUARIUM HIGHLIGHTS, Innes Publishing Co. Philadelphia, 1951.
• Innes, Dr. William T. GOLDFISH VARIETIES AND TROPICAL AQUARIUM FISHES, 9th Edition, Innes Publishing Co, Philadelphia, 1926.
• Matsui, Dr. Yoshiichi, GOLDFISH GUIDE, 2nd Edition, TFH Publications, Inc., Neptune, N.J. 1981
• Hervey, G.F. & Hems, J. THE GOLDFISH, 1st Edition, Batchworth Press, London, 1948.
• Janusz Pysiak, Złote rybki o teleskopowych oczach, Magazine “Akwarium” No. 5 1982

Notes and footnotes

Links

• (English)

Excerpt characterizing the Heavenly Eye

They were game, for the capture of which large rewards were given.

And yet, the Cathars did not give up yet... Having moved to the caves, they felt at home there. They knew every turn there, every crevice, so it was almost impossible to track them. Although the servants of the king and the church tried their best, hoping for the promised rewards. They wandered around the caves, not knowing exactly where they should look. They got lost and died... And some of the lost ones went crazy, unable to find their way back to the open and familiar sunny world...
The pursuers were especially afraid of the Sakani cave - it ended in six separate passages, zigzags leading straight down. Nobody knew the real depth of these moves. There were legends that one of those passages led straight to the underground city of the Gods, into which not a single person dared to descend.
After waiting a little, Dad became furious. The Cathars did not want to disappear!.. This small group of exhausted and incomprehensible people did not give up!.. Despite the losses, despite the hardships, despite everything - they still LIVED. And Dad was afraid of them... He didn’t understand them. What motivated these strange, proud, unapproachable people?! Why didn’t they give up, seeing that they had no chance of salvation?.. Dad wanted them to disappear. So that not a single damned Qatar remains on earth!.. Unable to think of anything better, he ordered hordes of dogs to be sent to the caves...
The knights came to life. Now everything seemed simple and easy - they didn’t have to come up with plans to catch the “infidels.” They went into the caves “armed” with dozens of trained hunting dogs, which were supposed to lead them to the very heart of the refuge of the Qatari fugitives. Everything was simple. All that was left was to wait a little. Compared to the siege of Montsegur, this was a trifle...
The caves welcomed Qatar, opening their dark, damp arms for them... The life of the fugitives became difficult and lonely. Rather, it looked like survival... Although there were still very, very many people willing to help the fugitives. In the small towns of Occitania, such as the principality of de Foix, Castellum de Verdunum and others, the Cathars still lived under the cover of local lords. Only now they no longer gathered openly, trying to be more careful, because the Pope’s bloodhounds did not agree to calm down, wanting at all costs to exterminate this Occitan “heresy” that was hiding throughout the country...
“Be diligent in exterminating heresy by any means! God will inspire you! – the Pope’s call to the crusaders sounded. And the church messengers really tried...
- Tell me, Sever, of those who went into the caves, did anyone live to see the day when it was possible to go to the surface without fear? Did anyone manage to save their life?
– Unfortunately, no, Isidora. The Montsegur Cathars did not survive... Although, as I just told you, there were other Cathars who existed in Occitania for quite a long time. Only a century later the last Qatar was destroyed there. But their life was completely different, much more secretive and dangerous. People frightened by the Inquisition betrayed them, wanting to save their lives. Therefore, some of the remaining Katar moved to the caves. Someone settled in the forests. But that was later, and they were much more prepared for such a life. Those whose relatives and friends died in Montsegur did not want to live long with their pain... Deeply grieving for the deceased, tired of hatred and persecution, they finally decided to reunite with them in that other, much kinder and pure life. There were about five hundred of them, including several old people and children. And with them were four Perfect Ones, who came to the rescue from a neighboring town.