home Folk remedies What is a melanocytic complex nevus? Benign dermal melanoses. Dysplastic melanocytic nevus or Clark's nevus

What is a melanocytic complex nevus? Benign dermal melanoses. Dysplastic melanocytic nevus or Clark's nevus

A complex pigmented nevus is a benign formation in the form of pigment spot Brown, which is located simultaneously in two layers of the skin - epidermal and dermal. Externally, a nevus resembles a small wart (no more than a centimeter in diameter) or a papule rising above the skin. The nevus begins its growth in the upper layers of the skin, and then gradually grows into the dermis. Although this type nevus is benign education skin, according to some data it can transform into melanoma (in 50-80% of cases).

Symptoms of complex pigmented nevus

A complex pigmented nevus is warty or smooth surface, which often exhibits bristly hair growth. The nevus is located in two layers skin, therefore combines the characteristics of intraepidermal and intradermal. The epidermal component causes its brown color, and the presence of an intradermal component contributes to its raised appearance above the skin level. A complex nevus will rarely reach a large size.

Diagnosis of complex pigmented nevus

A dermatologist can diagnose a nevus based on a preliminary examination. Timely diagnosis of nevus is the key to quick and successful treatment. In order to determine the depth and extent of nevus growth into the dermis, the doctor may prescribe an ultrasound of the skin formation. During the examination, the doctor interviews the patient, finding out exactly when the formation occurred, whether its appearance, size, shape and color have changed, as well as the reasons for the changes themselves. It turns out whether there were attempts at treatment and what exactly the previous treatment was? If melanoma is suspected, immediate consultation with an oncologist is necessary. Carrying out a biopsy of a nevus is very dangerous; injury to the nevus can develop into malignancy. It is for this reason that histological examination is carried out after its removal.

Today there is new method diagnosing nevi - epiluminescent microscopy. This method diagnosis is carried out using a special optical device with artificial lighting. The study takes place directly on the surface of the skin. Apply a couple of drops to the nevus vegetable oil in order to create the effect of epiluminescence, then the device is placed on the neoplasm. This research method will not damage the nevus and is therefore the most accurate in determining the structure of the neoplasm. This study called dermatoscopy.

Way computer diagnostics are also widely used in such studies. Thanks to a digital video camera, the image pigment formation captured and stored in computer memory. There is a special computer program, which processes the received information and compares it with the database, ultimately producing an accurate conclusion.

Treatment of complex pigmented nevus

This disease requires mandatory observation by a dermatologist. Treatment pigmented nevus- This is a strictly individual procedure. The treatment method is selected by the doctor for each specific case. Before consulting a doctor, do not use ointments. There is no point in delaying treatment or going to the doctor, as there is a high probability that the spot will increase in size every year. The indication for its removal is permanent injury or the appearance characteristic features malignancy. Removal may also be done for cosmetic reasons. There are several ways to remove a nevus:

using a laser;
radio wave method;
surgical excision;
electrocoagulation;
cryodestruction.

Cryodestruction and electrocoegulation are used very rarely due to the fact that during the removal process the nevus may not be completely eliminated, and also because of the risk of traumatizing it, which can later develop into malignant growth.

Removing a nevus with a laser does not make it possible to study the nevus after elimination. histological examination. It is most advisable to use the radio wave method or surgical excision for removal, since they guarantee complete removal nevus cells, which is of great importance for preventing the development of melanoma.

The surgical method is most suitable when the nevus is deep in the skin. The disadvantage of this method of elimination is the postoperative scar, since the nevus is removed along with the adjacent skin. According to oncological requirements, the diameter of the removed surface should be 3-5 cm.

If a nevus is detected, you should immediately consult a doctor for advice. Under no circumstances should you excise a nevus yourself, since injury to it leads to the development malignant tumor. According to statistics, in men melanoma more often develops on the back, and in women on lower limbs. To prevent the appearance of melanoma, you need to stay under the sun as little as possible, avoid solariums, and also carefully monitor existing moles. The first time their shape or size changes, you should immediately consult a doctor. There are many known cases that ended fatal due to self-medication and the reluctance of patients to seek medical help in a timely manner.

Pigmented skin nevus is a benign formation that is located simultaneously in the epidermal layer of the skin and the dermis. A pigmented nevus looks like a papule or wart that rises approximately 1 cm above the skin level.

This type of nevus belongs to the main types of melanocytic nevi of epidermal origin. The nevus begins its growth in the epidermis and ends in the dermis, which distinguishes pigmented nevus of the skin from moles. Therefore, a pigmented nevus is called a complex nevus. About clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of pigmented nevus, read on.

The main clinical manifestations of pigmented nevus of the skin

Complex pigmented nevus of the skin combines the features of intraepidermal and intradermal nevus. The intense brown coloration of the nevus is due to the epidermal component. According to many researchers, up to 80% of nevi degenerate into melanoma, despite their initially benign nature. Therefore, in dermatology, pigmented nevus of the skin is classified as melanoma-dangerous.

The intradermal component of the nevus contributes to its elevation above the surface of the skin. That's why it resembles a wart.

Pigmented nevus of the skin looks like a node or papule with a smooth surface. Sometimes there are complex nevi with a warty or keratinized surface. Most often, pigmented nevus of the skin is localized on the scalp, but may have a different location. A nevus can reach a size of up to 1 centimeter in diameter.

Establishing diagnosis. Methods for diagnosing pigmented nevus of the skin

The diagnosis of “complex pigmented nevus of the skin” is made on the basis of an examination by a dermatologist, skiascopy and dermatoscopy. To determine the extent of nevus growth into the dermis, ultrasound of the skin formation is used. If melanoma is suspected, the patient should be referred for consultation to a dermato-oncologist.

A biopsy of a pigmented nevus of the skin is dangerous due to its possible transformation, which can provoke malignant degeneration into melanoma. Therefore, histological examination of nevus tissue is carried out after its complete removal.

Differential diagnosis of pigmented nevus of the skin is carried out with the following pathologies:

Treatment tactics for pigmented nevus of the skin

If there is a pigmented nevus of the skin, the patient should be under the supervision of a dermatologist. If the nevus is constantly traumatized, as well as if there is a risk of its malignancy, removal of the nevus is indicated. Also, removal of a pigmented nevus of the skin can be done for cosmetic reasons. Nevus removal is performed by laser, surgical excision and radio wave method. Cryodestruction and electrocoagulation are not used due to the risk of possible trauma or incomplete removal, and also because this can stimulate malignant growth.

In any case, if you find a dark-colored raised area on your body, you should not try to get rid of it yourself. Consult a dermatologist to determine further tactics for removing pigmented nevus on the skin.

A benign brown pigment formation located simultaneously in the epidermal layer of the skin and the dermis. A complex nevus looks like a round papule or wart with a diameter of up to 1 cm, rising above the skin level. Its diagnosis includes examination, dermatoscopy and siascopy, and, if necessary, ultrasound. Histology of a complex pigmented nevus is carried out after its removal. Given the likelihood of nevus transformation into melanoma, patients need to be monitored by a dermatologist. The safest and optimal methods for removing a complex pigmented nevus are the radio wave method and surgical excision.

Together with intradermal and borderline pigmented nevi, complex pigmented nevus belongs to the main types of melanocytic nevi of epidermal origin. It begins its growth in the upper layer of the skin - the epidermis, and then grows into the dermis. Thus, unlike most other moles, a complex pigmented nevus is located simultaneously in both the epidermis and dermis. This fact was the reason for its name - dermoepidermal or complex nevus.

Complex pigmented nevus is benign neoplasm skin. However, according to different authors Transformation to melanoma can occur in 50-80% of cases of complex pigmented nevus. Therefore, in clinical dermatology it is classified as melanoma-hazardous and requires a certain oncological alertness.

Manifestations of complex pigmented nevus

Due to its location in both layers of the skin, a complex pigmented nevus combines the characteristics of an intraepidermal (borderline) and intradermal nevus. The epidermal component of the nevus causes its intense brown, and in some cases almost black, color. The presence of an intradermal component causes the nevus to be slightly elevated above general level skin and therefore may resemble a common wart.

A complex pigmented nevus looks like a papule or dome-shaped node, round shape. Its surface is often smooth, and the growth of bristly hair is noted on it. There are complex nevi with a keratinizing or warty surface. In most cases, the nevus is located on the face or scalp, but can have any location. A complex nevus rarely reaches a significant size, usually its diameter does not exceed 1 cm.

Diagnosis of complex pigmented nevus

A complex pigmented nevus is diagnosed by a dermatologist based on examination, dermatoscopy and siascopy of the pigment formation. To determine the extent of nevus growth into the dermis, ultrasound of the skin formation can be used. Suspicion of malignant degeneration of a nevus or melanoma is an indication for an urgent consultation with a dermato-oncologist.

Carrying out a biopsy of a complex nevus is dangerous due to its injury, which can lead to malignant degeneration to melanoma. For this reason, histological examination of nevus tissue is most often carried out after its complete removal. It reveals the characteristic arrangement of nests of nevus cells in both the epidermis and dermis.

Differential diagnosis of a complex pigmented nevus is carried out primarily with melanoma and other types of pigmented nevi: blue nevus, borderline pigmented nevus, Setton's nevus, Dubreuil's melanosis, as well as warts, papillomas, senile keratoma, dermatofibroma.

Treatment of complex pigmented nevus

Complex pigmented nevus requires observation by a dermatologist. Absolute indication Its treatment (removal) requires regular trauma or the appearance of signs of malignancy. Nevus removal may be performed for cosmetic reasons. Methods for removing complex pigmented nevus include: laser removal, radio wave method and surgical excision. Electrocoagulation and cryodestruction are not used due to the risk of traumatizing the formation and incomplete removal, which can stimulate malignant growth.

Removal of moles with a laser is applicable in the case of a complex nevus, if it involves using a laser as a scalpel and allows subsequent histological examination of the removed formation. It is most advisable to use the radio wave method or surgical excision of a complex nevus, since they make it possible to completely remove nevus cells, which has great importance in terms of preventing melanoma.

And we also have

It has been statistically revealed that nevus is registered on the body of every third person of the Caucasian race. The number of these skin tumors in each person can vary from a few to hundreds. In childhood, nevi may be small in size, but over time, under the influence of certain factors (sun, pregnancy), they may increase in size and even become cancerous.

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What is a nevus?

A nevus (nevoid tumor), more simply called, is a collection of nevus cells localized in various skin areas and formed as a result of a developmental defect.

This type of cell arises in utero from the neural crest, from which many organs and tissues are formed. Due to the incomplete transformation of nevoid cells into melanocytes (pigment structures of the skin), they do not penetrate into the deep layers of the skin, but are retained in the dermis (the layer of skin under the epidermis).

Are there malignant nevi?

Along the path of its development, the nevus goes through several stages: first it is intraepithelial, then borderline and intradermal (after 30 years). IN old age its reverse development and replacement is possible connective tissue. So, they distinguish:

Border view:

It appears before the age of 20 and is localized almost everywhere. Visually it is uniformly colored round formation brown in color, up to 1 cm in diameter, with a smooth surface and clear outlines.

Mixed:

It is a transitional stage between borderline and intradermal. Characterized by spherical shape, dense structure, dark brown or black, up to 1 cm in diameter.

Intradermal:

Occurs after 45 years in single or multiple formations. It is distinguished by a warty shape (outwardly reminiscent of a raspberry), from 0.2 to 3 cm in diameter, dark brown in color, but may be uncolored.

Congenital:

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How to recognize malignant transformation?

In order to detect an oncological process in a timely manner, you need to pay attention to the area with formation Special attention. Malignancy can be suspected based on the following signs:

the appearance of blurred boundaries;
change in the vascular pattern around the mole;
violation of the integrity of the surface in the form of abrasions or cracks;
rapid growth;
discomfort, burning, itching in the area of the tumor;
surrounding inflammation around the formation;
change in shade;
the appearance of discharge from a mole.

In addition, you should pay attention to nearby lymph nodes, as they can not only become inflamed, but also be affected by metastases. They may become hard, immobile, enlarged, and adherent to adjacent tissues and structures.

Malignant degeneration of nevus into melanoma

When localizing the formation on open areas for aesthetic reasons, atraumatic material is used for sutures, which will ensure complete healing postoperative wound without visible defect.

According to the standards of oncological surgery for melanoma with the aim of excision of all cancer cells 5 mm of healthy tissue should be captured in the removed conglomerate. In addition, if the lymph nodes are affected, the issue of their removal is considered.

As for the fight against non-dangerous moles on the face and neck, you can use cauterizing solutions, laser or electrocoagulation.

Regardless of the type of formation and the risk of its malignancy, it is advisable to follow preventive tips:

avoid burning sun rays, solarium;
promptly remove suspicious moles if they are located in traumatic areas;
review regularly nevus for changes in color or shape.

A complex pigmented nevus is a benign formation in the form of a brown pigment spot, which is located simultaneously in two layers of the skin - epidermal and dermal. Externally, a nevus resembles a small wart (no more than a centimeter in diameter) or a papule rising above the skin. The nevus begins its growth in the upper layers of the skin, and then gradually grows into the dermis. Despite the fact that this type of nevus is a benign skin formation, according to some data it can transform into melanoma (in 50-80% of cases).

Symptoms of complex pigmented nevus

A complex pigmented nevus is distinguished by a warty or smooth surface, on which the growth of bristly hair is often present. The nevus is located in two layers of the skin, therefore it combines the signs of intraepidermal and intradermal. The epidermal component causes its brown color, and the presence of an intradermal component contributes to its raised appearance above the skin level. A complex nevus will rarely reach a large size.

Diagnosis of complex pigmented nevus

A dermatologist can diagnose a nevus based on a preliminary examination. Timely diagnosis of nevus is the key to quick and successful treatment. In order to determine the depth and extent of nevus growth into the dermis, the doctor may prescribe an ultrasound of the skin formation. During the examination, the doctor interviews the patient, finding out exactly when the formation occurred, whether its appearance, size, shape and color have changed, as well as the reasons for the changes themselves. It turns out whether there were attempts at treatment and what exactly the previous treatment was? If melanoma is suspected, immediate consultation with an oncologist is necessary. Carrying out a biopsy of a nevus is very dangerous; injury to the nevus can develop into a malignant formation. It is for this reason that histological examination is carried out after its removal.

Today, a new method for diagnosing nevi has emerged - epiluminescence microscopy. This diagnostic method is carried out using a special optical device with artificial illumination. The study takes place directly on the surface of the skin. A couple of drops of vegetable oil are applied to the nevus in order to create an epiluminescence effect, then the device is placed on the neoplasm. This research method will not damage the nevus and is therefore the most accurate in determining the structure of the neoplasm. This study is called dermatoscopy.

The computer diagnostic method is also widely used in such studies. Thanks to a digital video camera, the image of the pigment formation is recorded and stored in the computer memory. There is a special computer program that processes the information received and compares it with a database, ultimately producing an accurate conclusion.

Treatment of complex pigmented nevus

This disease requires mandatory observation by a dermatologist. Treatment of pigmented nevus is a strictly individual procedure. The treatment method is selected by the doctor for each specific case. Before consulting a doctor, do not use ointments. There is no point in delaying treatment or going to the doctor, as there is a high probability that the spot will increase in size every year. The indication for its removal is permanent injury or the appearance of characteristic signs of malignancy. Removal may also be done for cosmetic reasons. There are several ways to remove a nevus:

using a laser;
radio wave method;
surgical excision;
electrocoagulation;
cryodestruction.

Removing a nevus with a laser does not make it possible to study the nevus in a histological examination after elimination. It is most advisable to use the radio wave method or surgical excision for removal, since they guarantee complete removal of nevus cells, which is of great importance for preventing the development of melanoma.

If a nevus is detected, you should immediately consult a doctor for advice. Under no circumstances should you excise a nevus yourself, since injury to it leads to the development of a malignant tumor. According to statistics, melanoma more often develops on the back in men, and on the lower extremities in women. To prevent the appearance of melanoma, you need to stay under the sun as little as possible, avoid solariums, and also carefully monitor existing moles. The first time their shape or size changes, you should immediately consult a doctor. There are many known cases that ended in death due to self-medication and the reluctance of patients to seek medical help in a timely manner.