Where to sharpen a saw blade. Homemade machine for sharpening circular saws: technical characteristics and diagrams. Equipment for sharpening saw blades

A circular saw (the modern name is a circular saw) is much more effective tool in comparison with saber, longitudinal and chain. The quality of the cut and ease of use are beyond doubt. Using a circular saw, you can perfectly evenly cut a large workpiece, make cuts at different angles and work with a variety of materials.

A circular saw allows you to cut material both along and across the fibers with the same accuracy and quality. Of course, you can get a clean cut only with properly sharpened teeth. Circular saws are divided into three categories:

• All metal
• All-metal with spraying hard materials in the work area
• Saws with tipped teeth made of hard alloys

The presence of technological grooves on saw blades is very important

• To advance the workpiece during cutting, a lot of force is required
• Chips and cracks appear on the cut
• The drive motor gets very hot during operation
• There is a smell of burnt material
• Dark marks from overheating are visible on the edge of the cut

In addition, the sharpness of the teeth can be checked tactilely and using a magnifying glass. The rounding radius of the cutting edge should be within 0.1-0.2 mm. When sawing thick workpieces, not only the main working edge is subject to wear, but also the side ones.

IMPORTANT! When carrying out work, always use a blade that is suitable for the material. Otherwise, you will mistakenly send a working disc for sharpening.

General rules for sharpening a circular saw

Discs are sharpened a limited number of times. With each procedure, the size of the tooth decreases. Sooner or later, the tooth is ground down to a critical value, after which the use of the disc becomes impossible.

IMPORTANT! It is unacceptable to work on a dull disk. In addition to deteriorating the quality of the cut, to sharpen excessively dull teeth, you will need to remove large quantity metal

In order to extend the service life, sharpening is carried out on two working surfaces of the cutting edge. In this case, the thickness of the removed surface is halved.

Schematic illustration correct sharpening teeth

If you do not violate the processing rules, sharpening can be done up to 25 times. Before sharpening, the disc must be cleaned of dirt. Mechanical restoration undesirable, it is better to use washing liquids containing solvents. The standard amount of tooth surface removal is 0.05-0.15 mm.
Sharpening angles are individual for each disc, and are indicated in the passport or directly on the sidewall.

Marking of the saw blade indicating sharpening angles

For sharpening discs, there are special ones that mechanically control the selected angles for each tooth. Depending on the intensity of use, the sharpening machine can have an automatic or manual drive. At home, as a rule, inexpensive models are used in which turning the disk to next tooth and control of the thickness of the metal being ground is carried out manually.

In such devices, the disk is fixed perpendicular to the grindstone, and the angle and pitch of the tooth are set. The master passes the sharpened surface over the whetstone a fixed number of times and moves on to the next tooth.

Sharpening discs are made of CBN, silicon carbide or use diamond sputtering. It makes no sense to talk about the fundamental advantage of one material over another. There are only specifics of application. For example, diamond sharpening stones can cut more hard teeth, but are sensitive to overheating.

You can sharpen it manually using a high-quality file. It is better to leave the disk in the machine. The first tooth is marked with a marker, the disc is fixed using wooden blocks, a clamp or a vice. A fixed number of file passes must be made on each tooth surface. Then rotate the disc by one tooth and repeat the procedure.

How to sharpen a circular saw with your own hands video

Sharpening carbide-tipped discs

Many home craftsmen are faced with the problem of sharpening discs with pobedit tips. If you sharpen with standard abrasives, you have to carry out the procedure longer, and the material may “release” from overheating. Diamond sharpening discs do a much better job, but they are too expensive. Sometimes it is more profitable to buy a new Victory disk.

The choice is up to the owner of the saw, however general advice next:

When sharpening disks with pobedite tips, you will have to use a machine in any case, regardless of its technical level. If you have such a machine, purchase diamond abrasive and sharpening discs of any hardness will not be a problem. If you don’t have a machine, it’s better to go to a specialized workshop to sharpen discs with pobedit tips.

You can spend money on purchasing equipment of any complexity, the main thing is that it does not stand idle and is in demand. For large volumes of work, it is more profitable to have your own sharpening machine for circular saws. If you only perform periodic renovation work– it’s cheaper to go to a workshop.

The difficulty of sharpening circular saws with carbide teeth is due to the use of sintered tungsten-cobalt alloys for the manufacture of cutting inserts, which are subsequently attached to the blade by high-temperature soldering. But the main difficulty is caused by their geometry and the need to ensure a certain angle when sharpening.

Tooth shape and sharpening angles

According to GOST 9769, a carbide tooth in its design has 4 planes - rear, front and 2 auxiliary. According to the geometry, cutting inserts are straight, beveled, trapezoidal and conical.

The front sharpening angle determines not only the characteristics of the saw blade, but also its purpose:

• 15-25° - for longitudinal sawing;
• 5-10° - for transverse;
• within 15° - universal use.

Also, the size of the angles is determined by the hardness of the material being cut - the higher it is, the smaller the sharpness should be.

Basic rules for sharpening

The main cutting edge is mainly subject to wear - it is rounded up to 0.3 mm. Carbide teeth should not be allowed to wear beyond this value. This leads to a decrease in productivity and an increase in the time for subsequent sharpening. Dullness is determined by the teeth and the cut (the quality of the cut deteriorates).

• When the work is carried out correctly, the maximum service life of a brazed saw blade is ensured - up to 30 sharpenings. Therefore, sharpening should be done along the front and back planes of the tooth.
• The front plane is sharpened first.
• When sharpening, the soldering tip must be adjacent to the surface of the abrasive wheel with its entire plane.
• It is recommended to sharpen the teeth with short movements (within 3-5 seconds), which will prevent them from overheating. Because with increasing temperature, the microhardness of the abrasive decreases, and hence the effectiveness of sharpening.
• The thickness of the metal being removed should not exceed 0.15 mm.

Materials and tools

To sharpen disks with carbide teeth, you can use diamond wheels made of silicon carbide. To provide smooth surface Without nicks, it is recommended to use the highest grit abrasive. Otherwise, the nicks will chip away during operation, which will lead to rapid dulling of the soldering.

It is best to sharpen on specialized machines with the ability to adjust the angles of the saw blade. To regulate its position in the horizontal plane (in the case of teeth with a beveled front plane), special devices with pendulum inclinometers are used.

But purchasing special equipment for home use, when the need for it arises no more than once every few months, it is impractical. And hold saw blade hands in exact accordance with the required angle - this is something from the realm of fantasy.

There is only one way out - to build a stand, the surface of which will be located at the same level with the axis of the abrasive wheel. This will ensure that the position of the rear and front planes of the tooth is perpendicular to the sharpening material. And if you show your imagination and attach one side of the device with a hinge, and on the other make supports in the form of bolts with the ability to screw in and out, you can also control the angle of inclination relative to the horizontal plane. And the accuracy is verified with a pendulum inclinometer.

To ensure the angle required for sharpening the front and rear planes of brazed teeth, you can equip the stand with stops that will fix the saw blade in the desired position.

Circular saws are used throughout construction. Many works require changing the dimensions of the used building materials, creating cuts and much more. A circular saw allows you to quickly cut a wide variety of materials, while the cutting speed is very high, and the quality of the cut is the best. The constant use of the equipment in question determines that the cutting tool begins to become dull, which has a significant impact on the efficiency of the work performed and its quality. This is why many people think about how to sharpen circular saws with their own hands. After all, the ability to do such work efficiently will allow you to save a lot.

Required Tools

You can sharpen disks for a circular plate with your own hands only if you have special tools. There is also a machine that allows you to automate the process and make it more efficient.

To carry out the work of sharpening a disc with your own hands, you can use the following tools:

1. assembly vice;
2. file;
3. block of wood.

You can also use a circular saw sharpener, which does not require the above tools.

When is it necessary to carry out restoration work on circular saws?

Enough important issue can be called a determination of when circular saw blades should be sharpened. Excessive wear may make it impossible to carry out such work. There are three clear signals that determine the need to sharpen a circular saw blade:

1. Smoke appears, the protective casing heats up. The device, as a rule, has a special protective casing, which can heat up if the disk becomes dull. It should also be noted that in special cases Smoke appears due to the strong heating of the cutting zone.
2. Also, with mechanical feeding, when the pressure is adjusted with your own hands, great force should be applied to obtain the desired result.
3. When processing wood or other material, traces of soot and a corresponding odor appear in the cutting area.

Principles and angles of sharpening circular saws

The saw has four main sharpening angles for the circular saw blade along the working part. The angles under consideration, as well as the tooth shape itself, can be called the main performance characteristics. Each tooth can be characterized as follows:

1. front and back angle;
2. cutting angles of the front and back surfaces.

The values ​​of the above parameters depend on the purpose of the sawing device and the type of workpiece material.

Based on the above parameters, several saws can be distinguished:

1. for performing longitudinal cutting. In this case, the rake angle should be from 15° to 25°.
2. when performing cross cutting, the considered indicator should be from 5° to 10°.
3. The universal version is recommended to be sharpened at an angle of 15°.

The type of material being processed also determines what characteristics the tooth should have. As a rule, the harder the material, the more difficult it is to machine. That is why it is recommended to sharpen the cutting teeth to a lesser extent.

With prolonged use of a carbide saw, significant wear occurs on the uppermost cutting edge. When considering the tooth plane, it is worth noting that most wear occurs on the front surface.

Sharpening circular saws at home

You can sharpen the saw yourself without using a special sharpening machine, which is expensive and is rarely used for its intended purpose due to the use of carbide material when creating the cutting edge. However, you cannot simply hold the circle in your hands, since you need to achieve certain cutting parameters to ensure the required performance indicator.

To fix the gear wheel in a strictly specified position, an ordinary flat stand is used. It has the following features:

1. The surface of the flat stand should coincide with the level of the axis of the sharpening disc.
2. We place the toothed wheel on the stand so that the sharpening plane is perpendicular to the saw blade.
3. The device in question for teeth located at a certain angle is equipped with a rotary hinge.

The device in question makes it possible to fix the element being processed in relation to the abrasive material used. Using a colored marker, marking lines are drawn that allow you to select the correct angle. A vice is also needed in which the created fixing device is attached.

Sharpening using a machine

If it is possible to purchase a special machine, then the process in question can be carried out with maximum indicator efficiency. This device is compact in size and can be used at home.

Special attention is given to the choice of abrasive wheel. In this case, we note the following nuances:

1. Carbide blades are difficult to sharpen.
2. When choosing, you should pay attention to wheels made of CBN, with diamond chips or green silicon carbide.

The sharpening process when using professional equipment is very simple. The disk is secured using a special clamp. It was created taking into account the design features of the circle. We will pay special attention to the fact that when using special machines it is very easy to sharpen circular saws while maintaining the required parameters. In this case, the error is minimal. This is due to the fact that the design has a special angle indicator meter. In order not to be mistaken at the time of work as to which teeth have already been processed, you should use a marker to mark the starting point.

Sharpening saw blades necessary for any tool used for wood processing. It is carried out in the event of a decrease in the quality of the cut and requires compliance with basic rules, since the period of operation of the saw is also affected by the skill of sharpening.

Rules

• Pliers can act as a bending tool, but in this case it is necessary to monitor the position of all teeth, otherwise the disc will be damaged and will not ensure proper processing of the wood.
• During work, the holding bars must fit snugly against the disk, and the surface must remain in the same position.
• In order for saw blades to be sharpened correctly, the position of the part must provide a clear view of all teeth.
• As a rule, the main tool is a machine, but sometimes it becomes necessary to remove the disk and secure it in a vice.
• Before changing the angle, a suitable tool is first prepared and marks are made.

Preparation

Before starting work, it is necessary to de-energize the tool, the part of which has lost its previous characteristics. The disk is tightly fixed using special bars, which are placed on both sides of it. Marks are placed on the blade for all teeth, and equal forces and an identical number of tool movements are applied in the process. This way you can produce high-quality, uniform processing of the disc.

The part is installed back after reaching required type and checking sharpening angles. Next, you need to make a test cut on the machine and verify the quality of the work performed. It is important that all the teeth are placed on the same plane, otherwise the movement of the block will be uneven, and the operation of the machine will be accompanied by characteristic noise. This is also possible if some teeth require adjustment.

Wiring

If you sharpen saw blades yourself, it is worth remembering about the spread of the edges, in which all the teeth gradually bend in different directions, but the distance between them remains the same. These actions can be performed using a special tool called a routing; it ensures a uniform bend in the middle part of all elements. After this procedure, the saw will move more freely, and the width of the cut will become larger.

Taking into account the fact that the cut is made not by the disk itself, but by its edges, which gradually remove layers of wood, it becomes clear that with an increase in the spread of the teeth, the likelihood of jamming decreases, and the cut becomes wider. It is worth noting that in this case, more effort has to be applied to operate the tool. In the absence of special devices, many people use it to spread the teeth, but this technique has many limitations and is not suitable for all saws.

The type of wiring is primarily influenced by the type of wood that will subsequently be processed. For example, to obtain an even cut without any imperfections or protrusions on soft rock, a large setting is required. It is desirable that the teeth deviate in the selected direction by 5-10 mm. Sharpening saw blades for wood is carried out only after setting, otherwise the teeth will be unsuitable for use due to the resulting deformation.

Angle selection

The purpose of the saw, that is, the type suitable materials, determines the required sharpening angles. Relatively great importance used for longitudinal sawing elements (within 25 degrees), for transverse saws this parameter is 5-10 degrees. Saw blade sharpening angle universal type(used for longitudinal and cross cutting) is 15 degrees.

In addition to the cutting direction, the density of the material to be cut must also be taken into account. As the density decreases, the value of the front and back angle increases, that is, the tooth becomes more pointed. The rake angle parameter can also be negative; this is necessary for working with plastic and non-ferrous metal.

When do you need to sharpen saw blades?

To know when you need to start using a circular saw, you can choose a small part whose density and quality corresponds to the materials used for the work. Next you need to cut the block. The disc does not require processing if an even cut is formed, the saw moves easily and does not make noise during operation. IN reverse situation you need to sharpen the disc at home or, if you don’t have a special tool, go to a workshop. It is worth noting that this process must be carried out in accordance with all rules and taking into account safety precautions. Before this, you need to decide on the required angle and shape of the teeth. There are also additional factors, indicating the need for sharpening:

• during wood processing, a burning smell is felt and carbon deposits form on the cut itself;
• the motor begins to overheat and contributes to the heating of the device casing;
• Great effort is required to move the disk.

What you need to know

Sharpening of saw blades (St. Petersburg) today is carried out by many companies, but not all are able to provide high-quality results. The problem is that this process requires equipment with expensive tools and knowledge of all aspects and features of such painstaking processing. Craftsmen must have experience in this field and comply with all the nuances and stages of work. For example, the sharpening angle is affected not only by the tool used, but also by the disc itself, in particular by the material used as a basis during production.

Must have an angle corresponding to the types of surfaces used for work. The equipment can operate with values ​​within 45 degrees. A special role is played by compliance with the established grinding angle, suitable for processing a particular material. Only by taking into account all recommendations and work rules can the service life of the cutting element be increased.

Sharpening carbide saw blades

The processing of such elements has several complex stages and is carried out on special equipment, which is a grinding machine with advanced functionality. In particular, it must provide cooling of the treated area in the form of a supply special staff and carrying out work in automatic mode. Such equipment is usually equipped with a controller designed to detect the number of teeth and sharpen the disc itself with the selected number of cycles. The machines also have a magnet, which is necessary to secure the saw and prevent it from moving during processing. For sharpening, it is used on the surface of which diamond coating is applied. The machine for sharpening saw blades is, in addition, equipped with an electric motor to automatically move the saw and perform processing in the required area.

Equipment for processing saw blades coated with diamond chips

Such machines must have a design complemented by a cast reliable base. This ensures high precision processing of discs, which are made of materials with particular strength. They also have a latch with high level tilt The base is supplemented with special rubber elements that reduce vibrations, which can impair the quality of the work performed. Thanks to this addition, the noise level generated during processing is reduced. Adjustment on the equipment is made manually, while diamond-coated discs used for sharpening saws increase the quality of the result obtained and extend the life of the tool.

What to consider when processing

The operating principle of the sharpening disc has its own characteristics, as well as its structural design. The materials for its manufacture are based on nitrogen and boron compounds, which increase not only the processing accuracy, but also the resistance to high temperatures, which characterize the process itself. It must be taken into account that the circles have different diameters and are suitable for different instruments and types of materials, so you need to carefully select the required model in accordance with the available tool to be processed.

Peculiarities

Sharpening of saw blades in Moscow is carried out using various equipment. Processing can be carried out semi-automatically, that is, without human intervention; the task of the craftsmen is only to install parts on the machine and remove them. The most common type of equipment on which sharpening is done manually. It is easy to adjust thanks to the locking levers, and precise observance of the required sharpening angle is achieved using special clamps. main feature lies in the linear delivery method. This ensures high-quality processing of both rear and front teeth. Thanks to the additional function of the machines, which consists in diagonal sharpening of edges, the operation of the saw is simplified and the quality of the resulting cut is improved. When choosing a disc for, first of all, you need to take into account the degree of grain. Fine-grain products provide minimal processing of the chains, while coarse-grain products remove a sufficient layer of material. The cost of such discs is directly affected by the popularity of the manufacturer, the quality of the base and the type of product.

The process of constructing private houses and various buildings will be quite complex without the use of a circular saw. It is significantly better than many wood saws because it surpasses them in accuracy and cleanliness of the cut.

Due to the fact that this tool is actively used, it wears out quite quickly, and therefore sharpening circular saws with your own hands becomes extremely necessary.

What you need to sharpen circular saw blades

First of all, you need to prepare the appropriate components that will allow you to properly sharpen the saw blade for wood. It is important to provide the following tools:

• file;
• assembly vice;
• wooden block;
• colored marker.

How to know when it's time to sharpen your circular saw

Sharpening a circular saw should only be done when necessary. You can recognize the onset of such a moment by two clear signs. In particular, urgent sharpening of a wood circular saw is necessary:

1. If strong heat regularly occurs on the safety guard of the saw in the area of ​​the electric motor. In some cases, with such an increase in temperature, smoke is released under the casing.
2. With strong pressure on the tool to obtain a good cut while processing the material.
3. If dark marks appear, traces of soot on the wood and a characteristic smell of burnt wood. This occurs due to the fact that the teeth of the saws are dull.

Types of sharpening cutting teeth

To better understand how circular saws are sharpened, you need to study the features and structure of those parts of the tool through which the material is cut. Cutting teeth are the main element involved in sawing wood.

They are made of carbide metal. The cutting teeth consist of 4 working flat surfaces: front (a), rear (b) and two side planes (c), which have an auxiliary role. By means of one main (1) and two additional (2 and 3) cutting edges, intersection lines are formed for each specified working plane.

Depending on its configuration, the circular saw may have different kinds cutting teeth:

1. Straight tooth type. Often used for accelerated longitudinal sawing. They do not have ideal cutting quality.
2. Beveled (oblique) type of teeth. They have a characteristic angular cut on the right and left rear surfaces. In some cases, the blades have teeth with different bevel sides, which alternate along the entire circumference of the saw. Using such discs you can cut wood, chipboard and various plastics. A large bevel angle ensures a high-quality cut without chipping the cutting edge.
3. Trapezoidal type of teeth. The cross-section of the cutting surfaces is trapezoidal in shape. This configuration allows you to work without dulling for a long period of time. Often the disc has straight teeth that alternate with trapezoidal ones. In such cases, the trapezoidal element plays the main role in rough cutting, while the straight tooth type is used for finishing.
4. Conical teeth type. They have a cone-shaped appearance. As a rule, they perform an auxiliary function for preliminary cuts on the laminate. The conical type of teeth is used to process the specified floor covering. This saw allows you to avoid chipping the material, as often happens when using the main saw.

Video “Sharpening circular saw blades”

The process of sharpening a circular saw blade.

The principle and angle of sharpening circular saw blades

The working part of a circular saw is sharpened at 4 main sharpening angles. They relate to the main technical parameters of the cutting disc, as well as the type of shape of the cutting teeth.

It is worth noting that all circular saw teeth are characterized by front (γ), rear (α) angles, as well as the cutting angle of the front and rear surfaces (ε1 and ε2). The value of each specified angle must correspond to the purpose of the sawing devices, the materials being cut and the direction of sawing.

In particular, the saw for longitudinal cut sharpened at fairly large rake angles (15° - 25°).

The sharpening indicators of the front corners for transverse types of cuts are in the range of 5° - 10°. Universal options, used for processing materials in all types of directions, are standardly sharpened at 15°.

At the same time, the value of the specified angle is also influenced by the fact of how hard the objects being cut have. Their value has a strict dependence: with greater hardness of the material that is being cut, the cutting teeth should be less pointed.

According to the main principle of sharpening teeth on a carbide saw blade, it is important to take into account that during long-term operation the most significant wear processes occur on the upper cutting edges. As a result, with intensive use, their lines can be rounded up to 0.3 mm or more. Regarding the tooth planes, it is worth noting that the greatest wear occurs on the front surfaces.

When properly sharpening a cutting element, the cutting edges must be shaped in such a way that the radius of their roundings does not exceed 0.2 mm. In this regard, it is recommended to perform parallel grinding of the metal on the front and rear planes of the teeth. The use of this method is considered the most appropriate. It is possible to sharpen only one front plane, but in such cases this operation requires more time. In addition, the teeth will grind down faster, since it becomes necessary to grind off a larger layer of metal from the front surfaces.

The standard layer for grinding metal is 0.05-0.15 mm.

How to sharpen a circular saw with your own hands

You can sharpen your saw at home completely on your own. For these purposes, there is no need to visit a workshop to use a specialized sharpening machine or purchase one. It is quite expensive, and is used for sharpening in rare cases, unless of course you plan to use it for large production purposes.

But holding saw blades in your hands while sharpening teeth with a grinding wheel is not the best The best decision. Circular disc- this is not a drill, it is much larger. No amount of firmness of hands and excellent eye will allow sharpening so that the cutting elements are sharp enough and suitable for effective use. To do this, you need to provide the simplest fixing device.

To hold the toothed circular wheel in the desired position relative to the plane of the sharpening tool, you can use the most ordinary flat stand.

The position of its surface must correspond to the level of the axles on the rear disk. The toothed wheel is placed on a stand so that the plane of the tooth to be sharpened is perpendicular to the blades of the saw blade. To sharpen beveled teeth along the front and rear surfaces it is necessary to provide movable hinges in this device.

But in such cases it is quite difficult to maintain the same values ​​of the front and rear sharpening angles of the tool. To eliminate this problem, it is necessary to rigidly fix the center of the saw in the desired position in relation to the grinding wheel. This is done using grooves for a mandrel, which is mounted on a stand with the saws to be sharpened placed on it, or by installing a special stop on the stand, which will secure the saw blade according to the required angle to the abrasive stone.

If you adhere to all the requirements for sharpening a carbide circular saw, then this tool will work as efficiently as possible over a long period of time.

Video “How to sharpen a saw blade with your own hands”

Demonstrative video on how to sharpen a cutting saw blade yourself.