Prohibited foods for kidney disease. Diet for kidney diseases: basic principles of therapeutic nutrition, recommendations for various diseases
Remember: therapeutic nutrition in kidney disease plays an exceptional role. Table number 7 according to Pevzner is designed to help the nephrological patient figure out how to eat right. Brilliant therapist M.I. Pevzner dotted the “I” back in the last century.
The activity of the kidneys normal functioning human body undeniable. Surprisingly, it is a fact: our kidneys are able to filter and purify more than a THOUSAND LITERS of blood per day!
Note!
At Kidney Week 2015, the results of two scientific research, which prove that common acid-reducing heartburn medications of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, increase the risk chronic pathology kidneys by 20 - 50%. Do not abuse antacids!
Kidney disease is one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine.
Did you know?
Angina can cause severe kidney disease. It's all about the causative agents of this insidious disease: streptococcus, phylococcus, etc. Being in the blood, these microbes can easily penetrate the kidneys and infect them. Conclusion: if you often have a sore throat, take an annual analysis for bacterial culture from the nasopharynx to exclude bacterial carriage.
How to understand that something is “wrong” with the kidneys?
If you notice the following complaints in yourself, run to a nephrologist (urologist or therapist):
- unpleasant sensation in the lumbar region;
- frequent urination, even at night;
- swelling on the face;
- discomfort during urination.
Let's move on to the topic of the post: how to eat right with kidney disease? What do you need to know?
Remember!
Fasting is strictly contraindicated for people with kidney disease! When you refuse food, the body begins to consume not only fats, but also its own proteins. Toxins begin to be thrown out, which increases the load on already diseased kidneys.
Principles of Diet No. 7 according to Pevzner
The main purpose of diet table number 7 is to reduce the load on the kidneys by significantly reducing protein intake per day. This kind of "protein unloading" contributes not only to the restoration of kidney function, but also has a positive effect on the entire body as a whole. It is given to patients with chronic disease kidneys in the absence of signs of chronic renal failure.
Tasks of table number 7 according to Pevzner:
- facilitate the work of the kidneys;
- reduce the load on the body;
- increase daily diuresis;
- improve the process of cleansing the body of nitrogenous toxins;
- stimulate the process of urination;
The diet of "renal" patients should include products with a diuretic effect:
- cucumbers,
- beet,
- pumpkin,
- zucchini,
- raw vegetable salads;
- prunes;
- apricots;
- watermelon;
- melon,
- dried apricots;
- raisin.
- eliminate swelling;
- create favorable conditions for blood circulation and reduction of hypertension.
Table number 7 according to Pevzner obliges:
- minimize salt in your diet (no more than 4 grams per day);
- limit extractives;
- reasonably reduce the intake of carbohydrates and fluids;
- the diet should be dominated by foods rich in potassium salts (raisins, dried apricots, apricots) and calcium;
- increase the proportion of foods containing vitamins C, B and P;
- thermal processing of food.
Want to spice up unsalted foods?
Add some wine vinegar or lemon juice.
Indications for appointment diet food according to Pevzner (table number 7):
- The period of recovery in acute nephritis.
- Nephropathy of pregnancy.
The daily calorie content of food is 2200 kcal.
The Pevzner dietary system, like any other type of diet, has a number of permitted foods and those that should be avoided.
General rules therapeutic diet No. 7 according to Pevzner
- The therapeutic diet of table No. 7 according to Pevzner allows the use of salt in an amount of not more than 4 grams, taking into account its content in food. Allowed flour products it is recommended to bake without salt.
- Meat and fish products should be natural and diet varieties. A prerequisite for the preparation of these products is boiling, and if necessary, it is allowed to finish the cooking process in the oven. No more than 100 grams are consumed per day.
- Eggs are allowed. They should be soft-boiled or cooked in the form of a classic omelet. Daily rate- no more than 2 pieces.
- Any cooked dishes can be seasoned with sour cream, butter or olive oil. Prohibited use sunflower oil, mayonnaise, ketchups and sauces. Sugar is recommended to be replaced with honey.
- The use of fruits and vegetables in the diet is not limited, they can be consumed fresh and boiled. Diet No. 7 according to Pevzner is based solely on vegetable broths. From fruits it is allowed to prepare salads seasoned with sour cream, cook compotes and jelly, and prepare desserts. The use of pickled, canned and salted vegetables and fruits is strictly prohibited.
- From drinks, in addition to compotes and jelly, it is allowed to drink fermented milk products, green and black teas, cream, weak coffee without caffeine. It is worth noting that it is recommended to include in the daily diet herbal teas with diuretic properties.
- Porridge, pasta from durum wheat.
- Meat products - rabbit, veal, chicken, turkey.
- Bakery products - any products without salt.
- Skimmed dairy products.
- Fresh fruits and berries.
- Vegetables.
- Seafood - mussels, squid, shrimp in a minimal amount.
- Fish - perch, cod, pike perch.
- Eggs - 1 - 2 pieces.
All products must be steamed, boiled or cooked in a slow cooker. The amount of food consumed is not limited.
Be sure to drink purified water in the amount of 1.5 - 2 liters.
Don't forget to do daily hiking outdoors!
What to avoid when compiling a menu for table number 7 according to Pevzner
The essence of the diet is the limited use of foods containing protein.
Remember!
If you have ever had kidney problems, you are contraindicated in any protein diets for weight loss ("Kremlin", Dukan). It could cost you your life!
It is forbidden to exceed allowable rate consumption of food products prepared from fish and meat, as well as broths from them. Nuts, hard cheeses, mushroom dishes And legumes(e.g. asparagus beans) should be eliminated from the diet. Chinese oilseed peas and soy products are contraindicated.
Under the taboo is food containing a lot table salt. Such dishes will retain water, which will lead to edema. Therefore, it is worth excluding canned food, caviar, pickles and smoked meats from the diet. The use of saturated seasonings and sauces, mustard, spices and horseradish is also contraindicated.
It is necessary to exclude all factory flour and confectionery products.
List of foods prohibited for consumption:
- Mineral waters with great content sodium.
- Fried fatty meat.
- Salted and smoked fish.
- Canned seafood and fish.
- Pickles.
- Sausages and smoked delicacies.
- Meat and fish broths.
Table number 7 is one of the main ones in the system of dietary nutrition developed by Pevzner.A variety of subspecies of table number 7 allows you to choose the right diet depending on individual characteristics body and disease process. One of important factors is the possibility of assigning diet number 7 to children.
There are the following varieties of diet No. 7 according to Pevzner:
Table number 7a.
Table number 7b.
Table No. 7v.
Table No. 7g.
Table number 7r.
Diet number 7 and according to Pevzner
The main goal is to increase the volume of urine formation in the kidneys and excrete it from the body, unload protein metabolism in the body, remove inflammatory processes in the kidneys.
Indications for appointment:
- Acute glomerulonephritis.
- Exacerbation of nephrological pathology of a chronic nature.
At the beginning of the disease, it is recommended to abandon proteins and table salt completely and spend several unloading days(potato, sugar or rice-apple). Table number 7a is intermediate between these days and the basic table number 7.
Daily intake of nutrients:
- Proteins - only 20 grams.
- Fats - 80 grams (most of animal origin).
- Carbohydrates - 350 grams.
The energy value of food products of the daily diet should not exceed 2230 kcal.
The amount of fluid consumed is limited and must exceed the amount of urine that was collected the day before by 250 ml.
Diet according to Pevzner table number 7a is enriched with fortified foods. The basis of the diet is any cereals, pasta and bread without salt. You can cook cereals, soufflés, eggless casseroles, cereal cutlets. Dairy products are allowed in limited quantities: ghee, sour cream, sour milk. Vegetables and fruits can be any.
All foods that irritate the kidneys, excite the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system are excluded from the diet. Soups are often completely excluded. Baking should be abandoned. The fact is that soda, which is part of the baking powder for dough, adversely affects the kidneys.
The amount of salt is 2 grams per day - this is only the one contained in the products.
The duration of the therapeutic diet is no more than 10 days and is prescribed in recovery period after a strict monotonous diet. It is recommended to follow during the diet bed rest, and break down the meal into 6 meals. The total mass of food - no more than 2.5 kg per day.
Diet food according to Pevzner table number 7 b
The purpose of the dietary table number 7b is to reduce the load on the kidneys to facilitate their work, stimulate the excretion of urine, unload protein metabolism, reduce inflammation, increase the rate of excretion of nitrogen metabolites from the body, and reduce blood pressure numbers.
Indications:
- The subsidence of the acute inflammatory process.
Per day it is allowed to use:
- Carbohydrates - 450-500 grams.
- Proteins - already 40 grams.
- Fats - 80-90 grams (80% - animal origin).
The energy value of table No. 7b per day should not exceed 2700 - 3000 kcal.
The volume of fluid consumed is similar to the diet on table No. 7a. The duration of the diet does not exceed 7 days.
The diet is based on six meals a day.
Added to the diet a large number of vegetables and fruits, as well as 50 g (strictly!) Of meat or fish. Porridge, vermicelli and pasta still form the basis of the menu. As an independent snack, you can afford 200 g of milk or kefir with a cracker of their salt-free white bread.
Remember!
Yoghurts from the store "kidney" patients can not eat. They contain thickeners (homogenizers) and thermophilic bacteria that adversely affect the kidneys. Ferment yogurt at home from proven milk in a yogurt maker or slow cooker.
Diet number 7 according to Pevzner
The essence of dietary table No. 7c is the strict restriction of extractive substances contained in meat and mushrooms, and the reduction of protein in the menu.
Indications:
- Nephrotic syndrome in chronic kidney disease.
Permissible Nutrients:
- Fats - only 80 grams.
- Proteins - 120 grams.
- Carbohydrates - 400 grams.
The calorie content of food consumed per day is 2900 kcal. The allowable volume of liquid is up to 0.7 liters.
Such a table lasts 6 - 10 days.
Diet implies frequent use meals with a fixed time interval of no more than 2 hours.
Dishes should be boiled or cooked in a double boiler and in small portions. Lean pork and lamb are allowed, as well as shrimp, squid and mussels. oily fish exclude! You can cod, pike, lemon, for example. Soups are allowed vegetarian and in small quantities. Vegetables and fruits can be any, with the exception of those containing oxalic acid. It is allowed to treat yourself to honey and dried fruits, but chocolate is prohibited. Eggs are allowed in the form of a protein steam omelette.
Diet according to Pevzner table number 7g
The indications of this diet are to support the body of a patient on hemodialysis due to terminal stage kidney failure.
Daily rate:
- Carbohydrates - 400-450 grams.
- Proteins - 60 grams with the predominance of animals up to 75%.
- Fats - 100-110 grams.
Salt is excluded.
The calorie content of consumed foods per day is normal and is about 3000 kcal.
The daily norm of the liquid you drink is not more than 0.75 liters (you can decoction of wild rose, oat bran).
Eating fractional 6 times a day, portions with a minimum amount of food, strictly boiled. Pork and lamb are not allowed in this version of diet No. 7. Of the cereals, only rice is allowed. The number of vegetables is limited: potatoes can be eaten up to 300 g per day, other vegetables (carrots, cabbage, cucumbers, herbs, beets) - up to 400 g. From fruits, you do not need to eat grapes, bananas, figs, peaches, cherries and blackcurrant. Two soft-boiled eggs are allowed per day. Any cheese is prohibited.
There is no specific time frame for the duration of diet No. 7g. The duration and diet are prescribed strictly by the doctor, depending on individual indicators. general condition health.
Diet number 7 r according to Pevzner
The main task of this diet is to facilitate the functioning of the organs of the urinary system through a properly selected balanced diet.
Indications for appointment:
- Increased content uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia).
Purine metabolism, unlike gout, is disturbed in 20% of the adult population of the planet. Clinical manifestations diseases - gout and kidney stones. Hyperuricemia is treated by an endocrinologist or rheumatologist.
Attention!
Hand over biochemical analysis blood. If the level of uric acid is 240 - 400 microns / l, then this is the norm. Although experts recommend caution when the value of uric acid is already more than 354 microns / l.
Distribution per day:
- Proteins - only 70 grams.
- Fats - 90 grams.
- Carbohydrates - 400 - 450 grams.
The energy value of the daily menu is 2800 kcal.
This health food is low protein strict restriction foods containing oxalic acid, and an increase in the diet of vegetables and fruits rich in potassium.
The amount of fluid per day - up to 2 liters (discussed individually).
All meals should be boiled or steamed, and eating in small portions every 2 hours.
Cereals, bread, pasta and potatoes are allowed. Legumes, spinach, sorrel, cauliflower and broccoli are banned. Preference - pumpkin and zucchini. Be sure to include in your diet bright red, blue and dark fruits: cranberries, cherries, lingonberries, cherries and strawberries. Eggs are allowed in casseroles, pancakes, bread (half one egg per day). Avoid foods that contain gelatin.
Diet No. 7 p is prescribed for a long time.
Do not forget that the Pevzner diet is a health food. It is not recommended, if there are clear indications for a "kidney" diet, to self-medicate. Only your doctor can help you make the right diet and benefit your body from dietary nutrition. Health food with kidney disease - the path to recovery.
Take care of your health! He has no price!
Nephritis is a whole group of kidney diseases that are inflammatory or immuno-inflammatory in nature. This group includes immunoinflammatory diseases: (if the glomeruli of the kidneys are involved in the process) and tubulointerstitial nephritis - when the process affects the interstitial tissue of the kidneys, tubules and vessels located in the tissue, lymphatic ducts and nerve endings. In these diseases, the provoking factor is infection, and the resulting immune complexes settle in the glomeruli or intermediate tissue of the kidneys. This also includes - inflammation of the pelvis of the kidneys, caused by bacterial flora.
The symptoms of the diseases differ, which is explained by damage to various structures of the kidneys. So, glomerulonephritis occurs with nephritic syndrome (edema , hypertension , hematuria ). There is also an increased excretion of the protein, which reflects the pathology of the glomerular apparatus. Pain appears in lumbar region due to an increase in the size of the kidneys, and a decrease in urine output associated with a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Common infections that damage the glomerular apparatus include viral hepatitis . Kidney damage often develops against a background of chronic or active.
At pyelonephritis Patients complain of back pain and frequent urination. In the clinic, intoxication symptoms may prevail - fever, weakness,. A significant amount of bacteria is found in the urine, and ultrasound shows signs of deformation of the pelvicalyceal system.
With tubulointerstitial nephritis, there is a decrease in the specific gravity of urine. Each exacerbation of renal infection increases the affected area, contributing to fibrosis. This disease is characterized by an increase in irreversible changes in the kidneys ( interstitial fibrosis ) and a parallel decrease in their functionality.
All these diseases are chronic course, and now the concept chronic illness kidney and its classification has been recognized worldwide. CKD includes any damage to the kidneys, regardless of the nosological diagnosis, and a decrease in their function, which are noted for more than three months. It is diagnosed on the basis of albuminuria (), kidney pathology detected by ultrasound and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate<60 мл/мин/1,73 м2.
The purpose of combining nephrological diseases under this term is the need to assess the state of kidney function. This makes it possible to assess the rate of progression of the pathology and to start treatment and renoprotective measures in a timely manner. The disease has 5 stages, which differ in the risk of developing terminal. Of great importance in the treatment and prevention is the nutrition of patients.
What should be the diet for diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract? Despite the difference in diseases, diet therapy has common basic principles and is performed within the limits of treatment.
- Salt restriction - food is not salted during cooking, and depending on the severity of the disease and kidney failure, it is allowed to add a certain amount of it to ready meals. For example, in acute nephritis, salt is completely excluded. The presence of high blood pressure makes it necessary to reduce its amount to 5 g, and in chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis without CKD, it is possible to use 7-8 g per day. The amount of salt allowed is specified by the doctor for each patient individually.
- The amount of protein is reduced to 80 g (its amount is significantly reduced in severe kidney damage to 20 g or 40 g). Milk proteins and egg protein, as more easily digestible compared to meat and fish proteins, are more preferable in these diseases. Vegetable proteins have less nutritional value.
- Meat and fish (they are allowed 150 g or less, depending on the severity of renal failure). When preparing dishes, meat and fish are first boiled, and then you can bake, stew or fry as you wish. This technique reduces the amount of extractives and, accordingly, the load on the kidneys.
- Products with essential oils that have an irritating effect are excluded (celery, fresh dill, basil, parsley, radish, radish, garlic and fresh onions). You can not eat spinach and sorrel, as sources of oxalic acid.
- With any kidney disease, the amount of fluid is limited - from 0.5 to 1.1 liters. An accurate calculation of the allowed amount of fluid is carried out according to diuresis over the past day and can only exceed it by 300 ml.
- Fractional 5 meals a day are organized.
- With kidney disease, any alcoholic beverages, spicy and salty snacks, pickled vegetables, strong tea and coffee, spices and spices, cocoa and chocolate are excluded.
Nutrition for kidney disease ensures their sparing and is aimed at reducing edema and pressure, since food is cooked without salt. In addition, the diet contributes to the elimination of nitrogenous metabolic products, since its second main point is the restriction of protein in the diet. Moreover, with diseased kidneys, its amount varies depending on the severity of renal failure - from 20 g per day to 80 g.
In this regard, the diet for kidney disease has several varieties that are recommended at different stages of the disease (exacerbation, recovery, remission) and taking into account the function of the organ (the presence or absence of kidney failure). This is due to the fact that with kidney disease, their function is impaired to varying degrees. For example, Table No. 7A completely salt-free, it is a predominantly plant-based diet with a protein restriction of up to 20 g.
It is prescribed for severe acute nephritis and chronic with severe kidney failure . The diet is recommended for a short time, because it is not balanced, and when the process subsides and azotemia decreases, patients are transferred to Table 7B . It already increases the amount of protein up to 40 g and it is a transition table to Diet No. 7 , which allows 80 g of protein.
Table 7B , on the contrary, is characterized by a high protein content (125 g), since it is recommended for nephrotic syndrome, when there is a loss of protein in the urine. The increased content of protein in the diet makes up for its losses. The amount of fluid and salt consumed is limited.
Diet 7 G is prescribed for patients with terminal renal failure. This type of diet contains 60 grams of protein, 0.7 liters of free fluid and 2-3 grams of salt.
Approved Products
- Meat choose low-fat species (chicken, beef, turkey, lamb, tongue). Do not forget about boiling meat and fish products before the final preparation of dishes from them. Meat can be eaten in a piece, or boiled and chopped (stuffed cabbage rolls, stuffed pancakes and vegetables).
- Soups are cooked only on water or vegetable broth. There are no restrictions on vegetables and cereals added to soups. You can cook soups with pasta, borscht, cabbage soup and beetroot, but make sure that they are not very sour and spicy. Soups and borscht can be seasoned with sour cream and butter. Add dill and parsley to ready meals. Onions are used in soups after pre-boiling or blanching.
- Fish is recommended lean. It is boiled in a piece, then baked or prepared aspic based on vegetable broth. As an additive to meat and fish dishes, you can use various sauces: sour cream, milk, tomato or other vegetable, onion (for it, the onion is pre-boiled and sautéed). Dried dill, parsley, cumin can be added to sauces.
- As a side dish, any cereals and pasta are used. From cereals, you can make puddings, meatballs, casseroles with cottage cheese, pilaf with fruit. Pasta casseroles with dried apricots, raisins, prunes or jam.
- Milk, curdled milk, yogurt, cream, cottage cheese and dishes from it with the addition of fruits, carrots, pumpkins and other things are allowed. Sour cream is added only to dishes.
- Subject to a decrease in the amount of proteins (due to cottage cheese, meat or fish), you can eat 2 eggs a day - scrambled eggs, soft-boiled, egg porridge.
- All vegetables (except celery, radish, garlic, radish, fresh onion). Vegetables are boiled, stewed, baked, adding cumin, dried parsley and dill. From them you can make salads and cutlets, casseroles with pasta and cereals. You can not eat sauerkraut and cucumbers.
- Ripe fruits and berries in fresh and processed form: compotes, jam, jelly, mashed potatoes, jelly or baked. Desserts are allowed to add cinnamon.
- Any juices, weak coffee, rosehip infusion, tea with lemon and sugar, caramel, marshmallows, marshmallow, honey, popsicles.
Table of allowed products
| Proteins, g | Fats, g | Carbohydrates, g | Calories, kcal | |
Vegetables and greens |
||||
| zucchini | 0,6 | 0,3 | 4,6 | 24 |
| cauliflower | 2,5 | 0,3 | 5,4 | 30 |
| potato | 2,0 | 0,4 | 18,1 | 80 |
| carrot | 1,3 | 0,1 | 6,9 | 32 |
| beet | 1,5 | 0,1 | 8,8 | 40 |
| tomatoes | 0,6 | 0,2 | 4,2 | 20 |
| pumpkin | 1,3 | 0,3 | 7,7 | 28 |
Fruits |
||||
| apricots | 0,9 | 0,1 | 10,8 | 41 |
| watermelon | 0,6 | 0,1 | 5,8 | 25 |
| bananas | 1,5 | 0,2 | 21,8 | 95 |
| melon | 0,6 | 0,3 | 7,4 | 33 |
| figs | 0,7 | 0,2 | 13,7 | 49 |
| nectarine | 0,9 | 0,2 | 11,8 | 48 |
| peaches | 0,9 | 0,1 | 11,3 | 46 |
| apples | 0,4 | 0,4 | 9,8 | 47 |
Berries |
||||
| strawberry | 0,8 | 0,4 | 7,5 | 41 |
Nuts and dried fruits |
||||
| raisin | 2,9 | 0,6 | 66,0 | 264 |
| dried apricots | 5,2 | 0,3 | 51,0 | 215 |
| dried apricots | 5,0 | 0,4 | 50,6 | 213 |
| dates | 2,5 | 0,5 | 69,2 | 274 |
Cereals and cereals |
||||
| buckwheat (ground) | 12,6 | 3,3 | 62,1 | 313 |
| semolina | 10,3 | 1,0 | 73,3 | 328 |
| cereals | 11,9 | 7,2 | 69,3 | 366 |
| corn grits | 8,3 | 1,2 | 75,0 | 337 |
| pearl barley | 9,3 | 1,1 | 73,7 | 320 |
| millet groats | 11,5 | 3,3 | 69,3 | 348 |
| white rice | 6,7 | 0,7 | 78,9 | 344 |
Confectionery |
||||
| jam | 0,3 | 0,2 | 63,0 | 263 |
| jelly | 2,7 | 0,0 | 17,9 | 79 |
| milk candy | 2,7 | 4,3 | 82,3 | 364 |
| fondant candy | 2,2 | 4,6 | 83,6 | 369 |
| paste | 0,5 | 0,0 | 80,8 | 310 |
Raw materials and seasonings |
||||
| cinnamon | 3,9 | 3,2 | 79,8 | 261 |
| honey | 0,8 | 0,0 | 81,5 | 329 |
| dried parsley | 22,4 | 4,4 | 21,2 | 276 |
| sugar | 0,0 | 0,0 | 99,7 | 398 |
| milk sauce | 2,0 | 7,1 | 5,2 | 84 |
| sour cream sauce | 1,9 | 5,7 | 5,2 | 78 |
| tomato sauce | 1,7 | 7,8 | 4,5 | 80 |
| caraway | 19,8 | 14,6 | 11,9 | 333 |
| dried dill | 2,5 | 0,5 | 6,3 | 40 |
Dairy |
||||
| milk | 3,2 | 3,6 | 4,8 | 64 |
| kefir | 3,4 | 2,0 | 4,7 | 51 |
| cream | 2,8 | 20,0 | 3,7 | 205 |
| sour cream | 2,8 | 20,0 | 3,2 | 206 |
| curdled milk | 2,9 | 2,5 | 4,1 | 53 |
| acidophilus | 2,8 | 3,2 | 3,8 | 57 |
| yogurt | 4,3 | 2,0 | 6,2 | 60 |
Cheese and cottage cheese |
||||
| cottage cheese | 17,2 | 5,0 | 1,8 | 121 |
Meat products |
||||
| boiled beef | 25,8 | 16,8 | 0,0 | 254 |
| boiled beef tongue | 23,9 | 15,0 | 0,0 | 231 |
| boiled veal | 30,7 | 0,9 | 0,0 | 131 |
| rabbit | 21,0 | 8,0 | 0,0 | 156 |
Bird |
||||
| boiled chicken | 25,2 | 7,4 | 0,0 | 170 |
| turkey | 19,2 | 0,7 | 0,0 | 84 |
Eggs |
||||
| chicken eggs | 12,7 | 10,9 | 0,7 | 157 |
Oils and fats |
||||
| corn oil | 0,0 | 99,9 | 0,0 | 899 |
| olive oil | 0,0 | 99,8 | 0,0 | 898 |
| sunflower oil | 0,0 | 99,9 | 0,0 | 899 |
| ghee | 0,2 | 99,0 | 0,0 | 892 |
Soft drinks |
||||
| mineral water | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | - |
| coffee with milk and sugar | 0,7 | 1,0 | 11,2 | 58 |
| black tea | 20,0 | 5,1 | 6,9 | 152 |
Juices and compotes |
||||
| apricot juice | 0,9 | 0,1 | 9,0 | 38 |
| carrot juice | 1,1 | 0,1 | 6,4 | 28 |
| pumpkin juice | 0,0 | 0,0 | 9,0 | 38 |
Wholly or partially restricted products
For kidney problems, it is not allowed:
- Salt food, and in some cases salt is significantly limited or completely eliminated. You can’t even eat ordinary bread due to the salt content - salt-free home-baked bread is recommended. Salt is also not added to all flour and confectionery products (pancakes, cookies, pancakes, cakes, pies). For the same reason, any cheese is excluded from the diet.
- Rich broths (meat/fish/mushroom), pea, bean soups, legume decoctions.
- Exclude fatty meats (pork, duck, fatty lamb, goose), sausages, fried foods, smoked meats, canned food, baked or stewed meat without boiling.
- Animal fats are limited to lard, cream, sour cream, cereals with milk and milk soups.
- Fatty smoked fish, salted fish, fish roe, canned fish.
- All legumes, spinach, onion, sorrel, garlic, radish, radish, mushrooms.
- Hot spices and sauces, mayonnaise, pepper, horseradish, mustard.
- All pickled and pickled vegetables.
- Strong coffee, sodium mineral water, cocoa.
Table of prohibited products
| Proteins, g | Fats, g | Carbohydrates, g | Calories, kcal | |
Vegetables and greens |
||||
| legume vegetables | 9,1 | 1,6 | 27,0 | 168 |
| sauerkraut | 1,8 | 0,1 | 4,4 | 19 |
| green onion | 1,3 | 0,0 | 4,6 | 19 |
| bulb onions | 1,4 | 0,0 | 10,4 | 41 |
| canned cucumbers | 2,8 | 0,0 | 1,3 | 16 |
| pickles | 0,8 | 0,1 | 1,7 | 11 |
| radish | 1,2 | 0,1 | 3,4 | 19 |
| white radish | 1,4 | 0,0 | 4,1 | 21 |
| turnip | 1,5 | 0,1 | 6,2 | 30 |
| celery | 0,9 | 0,1 | 2,1 | 12 |
| canned tomatoes | 1,1 | 0,1 | 3,5 | 20 |
| horseradish | 3,2 | 0,4 | 10,5 | 56 |
| garlic | 6,5 | 0,5 | 29,9 | 143 |
| spinach | 2,9 | 0,3 | 2,0 | 22 |
| sorrel | 1,5 | 0,3 | 2,9 | 19 |
Mushrooms |
||||
| mushrooms | 3,5 | 2,0 | 2,5 | 30 |
| marinated mushrooms | 2,2 | 0,4 | 0,0 | 20 |
Chocolate |
||||
| chocolate | 5,4 | 35,3 | 56,5 | 544 |
Raw materials and seasonings |
||||
| mustard | 5,7 | 6,4 | 22,0 | 162 |
| ginger | 1,8 | 0,8 | 15,8 | 80 |
| ketchup | 1,8 | 1,0 | 22,2 | 93 |
| mayonnaise | 2,4 | 67,0 | 3,9 | 627 |
| ground black pepper | 10,4 | 3,3 | 38,7 | 251 |
Meat products |
||||
| pork | 16,0 | 21,6 | 0,0 | 259 |
| salo | 2,4 | 89,0 | 0,0 | 797 |
Bird |
||||
| smoked chicken | 27,5 | 8,2 | 0,0 | 184 |
| duck | 16,5 | 61,2 | 0,0 | 346 |
| smoked duck | 19,0 | 28,4 | 0,0 | 337 |
| goose | 16,1 | 33,3 | 0,0 | 364 |
Fish and seafood |
||||
| dried fish | 17,5 | 4,6 | 0,0 | 139 |
| smoked fish | 26,8 | 9,9 | 0,0 | 196 |
| black caviar | 28,0 | 9,7 | 0,0 | 203 |
| salmon caviar granular | 32,0 | 15,0 | 0,0 | 263 |
| canned fish | 17,5 | 2,0 | 0,0 | 88 |
Oils and fats |
||||
| animal fat | 0,0 | 99,7 | 0,0 | 897 |
| culinary fat | 0,0 | 99,7 | 0,0 | 897 |
Alcoholic drinks |
||||
| vodka | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,1 | 235 |
| beer | 0,3 | 0,0 | 4,6 | 42 |
* data are per 100 g of product
Diet Menu for Kidneys (Diet)
A food menu can be developed without difficulty, especially since it practically does not differ from ordinary food, with the exception of salt, spices and spicy dishes. Nutrition can be made varied, since the diet contains all cereals, meat, cottage cheese and almost all vegetables.
You can add dried herbs to your meals and enhance the taste with a variety of homemade sauces. The main limitation in kidney disease is salt and this must be remembered when preparing food. You can diversify the menu with homemade baked goods without salt - bread, to which you can add carrots, pumpkin, dried dill, parsley and caraway seeds. You can bake sweet muffins with raisins, prunes, apples, dried apricots, and add cinnamon for taste. The amount of salt allowed should be checked with a doctor.
Recipes
First meal
Vegetable soup
Potatoes, zucchini, green peas, carrots, onions, asparagus beans, sweet peppers.
Put potatoes, beans, carrots into boiling water. After 10 minutes, add bell pepper, zucchini and onion, previously aged in boiling water. Cook until done.
Brussels sprout soup
Potatoes, cabbage, salad peppers, onions, tomatoes.
Cut the vegetables into cubes, also cut the large heads of cabbage, leave the small ones whole. Boil the vegetable broth and dip the vegetables into it, except for the cabbage. Boil for 10-15 minutes, add cumin and Brussels sprouts.
Main courses
Pasta casserole with cottage cheese
Pasta, cottage cheese, egg, sugar, butter, sour cream.
Boil pasta, grate cottage cheese, combine with pasta, add melted butter, beaten egg and sugar. Knead the mass well, put it in a mold, grease with sour cream on top and bake.
carrot cutlets
Carrots, butter, chicken proteins, semolina, sugar, sour cream or honey.
Grate carrots and sauté in butter. Add semolina, proteins and sugar to the warm carrot mass. Stir and leave for 20 minutes to swell semolina. Form round cutlets, bake in the oven or fry. Serve with honey (sour cream).
- The main rules of the diet
- What is completely impossible?
- List of allowed products
A diet for kidney disease is the key to a successful fight against the disease. The diet for each patient should be selected individually, depending on the nature and stage of the disease, its accompanying complications and other factors. However, there are a number of general rules, they will help solve the issues of compiling a daily diet. And we must immediately take into account the following point: a diet for the kidneys is not the main method of treatment, it is considered by modern medicine as an additional tool that creates conditions for the treatment of kidney diseases. But at the same time, non-compliance with the rules of nutrition can reduce all efforts to combat the disease to nothing and cause a number of serious complications.
The main rules of the diet
Nutrition for kidney disease is based on severe restrictions. The priority is undoubtedly given to food of plant origin. As for protein products, there are a lot of controversial points. A protein-free diet for such diseases can give a tangible effect. But proteins are necessary for the full functioning of the body. Therefore, experts advise limiting the consumption of protein foods, but not completely excluding them from the diet, because this step can lead to unpredictable consequences. The diet for kidney disease should be based on carbohydrate-containing foods, they should be the basis of nutrition. Fried, smoked, spicy for any kidney disease is strictly prohibited.
Another important issue is the use of salt. With any ailments of the kidneys and liver, it should be as limited as possible, and in some cases completely excluded. In the treatment of kidneys and the prevention of kidney diseases, it is important to control not only the quality of food taken, but also the diet, which must necessarily be fractional. This rule must be observed regardless of whether one kidney or both are affected by the disease. What is meant by the term "fractional nutrition"? Many people consider this to be three or four meals a day. This is absolutely false. Fractional nutrition for diseases of the internal organs involves eating 5-6 times a day, but the portions should be small.
An important item on the menu is the correct use of liquid. A person should drink it per day on average 1.5 liters. With diseased kidneys, an excess of water in the body is very dangerous. And it should also be taken into account: the indicated volume includes not only weak tea, fruit and vegetable juices, drinking water, but also soups, broths and other liquid dishes. If this rule is violated, the load on the diseased kidney tissues increases, and, accordingly, the functioning of the kidneys worsens. Salt has a similar effect. It delays the removal of fluid from the body. Many diets for inflammation of the kidneys provide for the complete rejection of salt, and as a replacement, they suggest using a small amount of vinegar or lemon juice, which have an anti-inflammatory effect.
However, you need to know: if a person has kidney problems and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract occur in parallel, vinegar and lemon juice should not be included in the diet. Should I eat meat products with sick kidneys? This issue is no less difficult. On the one hand, meat is rich in proteins and can significantly impair kidney function, but on the other hand, it is necessary for the body to recover from infectious and colds. Therefore, medical experts advise that the diet for kidney disease still include boiled or baked poultry meat, but meat broths are strictly prohibited.
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What is completely impossible?
In people with diseased kidneys, the diet implies a complete and unconditional rejection of alcohol.
It is unacceptable even in minimal quantities. When the kidneys hurt, it is strictly forbidden to use: 
- natural coffe;
- cocoa;
- chocolate.
Experts offer coffee lovers a drink made from chicory as an alternative, but its use should also be agreed with the doctor, because chicory has a strong diuretic effect. In some cases, when the kidneys hurt, it can not be used. As for broths, only vegetable broths are allowed in the diet, and mushroom and fish broths must be excluded, since they contain a significant amount of protein and cholesterol that is harmful to the functioning of internal organs. This rule also applies to soups prepared on the basis of broth. A protein-free diet for kidney disease is the highest priority.
Such a diet clearly excludes from the diet:
- sea fish;
- meat delicacies;
- salted canned vegetables;
- any kind of legumes;
- hot and allspice;
- spices;
- mustard and other seasonings.
Dishes are prepared without garlic and onions, which are strictly prohibited for kidney diseases. Asparagus, spinach, radish, sorrel, parsley should not be included in the diet, as they will only aggravate the violation of water-salt metabolism. Dairy products for kidney disease can be consumed, provided that they are low-fat. The above prohibitions also apply to diets for patients who have a lowered kidney, even in the absence of failures in its functioning.
Diet for kidney disease is a key point in complex treatment. First of all, an important function of the kidneys is to support homeostasis in the body, to perform the regulatory function of acid-base and water-electrolyte balances.
The regulatory function of the endocrine system of the body and the metabolic function of the kidneys can be absolutely confidently called the most important functions in the human body. As a rule, when kidney diseases occur, there is a decrease in renal excretion, endocrine disorders occur, and metabolic processes are disturbed. All these pathological processes contribute to the development of nutritional imbalance. The diet for kidney disease is not only symptomatic, but also a pathogenetic method of treating kidney disease. With kidney disease, pathological changes instantly occur throughout the body. For example, edema appears, metabolic processes fail, the process of excretion of fluids and metabolic products is disturbed, and an increase in blood pressure is observed. In severe cases, poisoning with toxins is possible. The timely release of metabolic products from the body, the optimal water-salt balance in the body depends on the correct and stable functioning of the kidneys.
A diet for kidney disease is almost as necessary as drug treatment. It is the correctly prescribed diet for kidney disease that will contribute to a good result and effective treatment. The diet for kidney disease in each case is prescribed individually and has some features that are taken into account by a specialist when prescribing. The attending physician and the nutritionist jointly determine the allowable amount of liquid, salt, protein, taking into account the characteristics of the course of the disease and the general condition of the patient.
As a rule, a set of products in the diet for kidney disease consists of fresh vegetables and fruits that have diuretic properties. For example, from vegetable crops, cucumbers, beets, zucchini, pumpkin, celery root and leafy salads can be distinguished. From fruits, one can note melons, watermelons, apricots, dried fruits, dried apricots, raisins, prunes. The technology of cooking for a dietary table for kidney disease also has some features. Almost all dishes of the dietary table are prepared without salt and best of all in a double boiler. In especially severe cases of kidney disease, dishes are prepared without salt at all. To compensate for the lack of salt and improve the taste of ready-made meals, nutritionists usually recommend using wine vinegar or lemon juice.
In the diet for kidney disease, fractional nutrition is important. This is the division or crushing of the total daily volume of food into five or six proportional doses, while eliminating the overload of the kidneys and the digestive system. The restriction on the use of the daily norm of liquid is one and a half liters, taking into account the liquid in the main dishes, that is, in its pure form, you can drink up to one liter of liquid.
Nutritionists recommend a daily calorie diet for kidney disease within 3000 kcal. At the same time, the composition of the diet should be as carbohydrate-rich as possible, approximately 450-500 grams. Proteins are allowed a maximum of no more than 80-90 grams. The fat content in dietary dishes should not exceed 70 grams. A diet for kidney disease involves a minimum intake of fats and proteins, and carbohydrates in the maximum amount contribute to effective treatment and good results.
First of all, a diet for kidney disease should maximize the correction of metabolic processes in the patient's body. The degree of renal dysfunction and the severity of the pathological process are the main criteria for the appointment of dietary nutrition. Other equally important indicators of the patient's condition are also important. For example, the presence of edema and the patient, increased blood pressure, the level of protein in the patient's urine, the ability of the kidneys to excrete protein metabolism products. With an increased amount of protein in the patient's urine, it is necessary to increase the amount of protein intake. Increased swelling of the patient requires exclusion from the diet of salt. Liquid intake is usually limited.
The diet for kidney disease has some features that must be considered in each individual case. Of course, the appointment of diet food is carried out by a specialist.
Diet for kidney disease
Nutrition in kidney disease is no less important than the treatment process itself and is the main part of it. In the human body, the function of the kidneys, as the main filter, is aimed at cleaning and removing excess fluid, salts, and toxins from the blood. The main task of the kidneys is to ensure the optimal composition of the internal environment of the human body.
Every minute, about one liter of blood is filtered through the kidneys, which is almost five times the weight of the kidneys! Within six hours, the entire blood volume of the human body passes one cycle of filtration through the kidneys. In one day, the kidneys filter about one and a half thousand liters of blood. Obviously, the daily load on the kidneys is quite large and this process is not interrupted throughout a person's life. Few people think about the important function of the kidneys. And cleaning the blood of unnecessary components is not their only function. Adrenal hormones perform the regulatory function of the activity of the central nervous system and the mood and mood of a person depends on the amount of these hormones. It is these hormones that determine the susceptibility to stress and the readiness of the body to deal with them. It is quite obvious that the kidneys are an important organ in the body; the general condition of a person depends on their condition. Modern medical statistics indicate kidney disease in every tenth inhabitant of our planet. These sad statistics are the result of malnutrition, the use of poor-quality drinking water, and the modern lifestyle of a person. How to avoid such statistics and what is necessary for kidney health?
First of all, start proper nutrition for kidney disease, which excludes harmful foods, alcohol, carbonated drinks from the diet. In general, the appointment of dietary nutrition, which will be effective in each case, is possible only after a complete examination of the patient and the diagnosis by a specialist. The general complaint of "pulling or pain in the lower back" is not a basis for prescribing a diet. Careful study of all symptoms and laboratory tests is necessary. It is very important to determine the violation of the nitrogen excretion function of the kidneys. It is this moment that is usually decisive in the appointment of nutrition for kidney disease. In case of violation of the nitrogen-excreting function of the kidneys, the minimum amount of proteins is provided in the diet - the consumption of meat, fish, eggs, and fatty foods is limited. The use of dairy products is also limited, but small amounts of low-fat cottage cheese and kefir are allowed. The main diet for kidney disease is fresh vegetables and fruits, berries, herbs, dried fruits, fruit juices. At the same time, the cooking technology should preserve vitamins and fiber in fruits and vegetables as much as possible. It is best to cook vegetable dishes in a double boiler, minimally frying and heat treating them. It is recommended to eat vegetables with diuretic properties, such as watermelon, melons, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumbers. Starchy vegetables are allowed in very small amounts.
Numerous scientific studies of various therapeutic diets for kidney diseases come down to a single statement - the use of salt in kidney diseases is not allowed, and to improve the taste of dietary dishes, lemon juice or wine vinegar is allowed. Also excluded: alcoholic beverages, coffee, tea, salty foods, chocolate and cocoa, spicy and spicy dishes.
Nutrition for kidney disease with inflammatory processes without violations of the excretory function can be prescribed with the usual content of protein products, but with minimal salt intake. Protein products in such a diet are lean meat and fish, low-fat dairy products. Eating dairy products provides a large amount of calcium and potassium. Carbohydrates in such a diet are presented in the form of vegetables and all kinds of cereals.
The amount of liquid used is approximately two liters. Be sure to include fruit compotes and juices in the diet. Dried fruits in the form of raisins, prunes, dried apricots, figs are quite nutritious and provide the body with potassium. If the patient's condition allows, perhaps the appointment of a watermelon, pumpkin or orange diet by the attending physician.
Another common kidney disease nowadays is kidney stones. As a rule, stone formation in the kidneys begins as a result of metabolic disorders in the body. In the case of exacerbations and attacks of stone formation, severe pain occurs in the kidneys. A balanced diet and drinking regimen will help prevent stone formation. The appointment of dietary nutrition for kidney disease must be entrusted to a specialist. To determine the correct diagnosis, you will need to conduct laboratory tests, ultrasound. Nutrition for kidney disease, namely, with the formation of stones, provides for a limited intake of carbohydrates containing oxalic acid. Products such as legumes, beets, peas, sorrel, rhubarb, parsley, spinach, chocolate and cocoa must be excluded from the patient's diet. Nutritionists recommend eating foods that effectively remove oxalic acid from the body, thereby preventing kidney stones. From fruits, you can use quince, pears, apples, dogwood, grapes. It will be useful to use dairy products - milk, kefir, lean meat and fish, fresh vegetable salads from cabbage, carrots, cucumbers and mushrooms. The main condition for preventing the formation of kidney stones can be called a rational balanced diet. It is necessary to abandon fast food, the use of alcoholic beverages, carbonated drinks. In general, to exclude a large and integral part of the bad habits of modern man. The body will surely thank you with a healthy, full life!
It is not superfluous to recall that nutrition in kidney disease should be discussed with a competent specialist.
Diet 7 for Kidney Disease
Diet 7 for kidney disease consists in a sharp restriction of the use of extractive substances, in order to minimize the irritating effect on the kidneys and increase the excretion of metabolic products, while at the same time providing an anti-inflammatory effect. Diet 7 for kidney disease in its diet is balanced, complete, with a proportional content of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and fats. At the same time, the consumption of proteins is somewhat limited, and the rate of consumption of carbohydrates and fats is approximately within the physiological needs of the patient. The technology for preparing dietary dishes does not provide for the use of salt. The patient receives salt in an amount of not more than 5 grams separately and consumes it without mixing with other dishes. With dietary nutrition, fluid intake is permissible within the range of up to one liter. The use of sweet carbonated drinks is excluded. The use of products that contain essential oils and oxalic acid is excluded. Dishes for diet food are best cooked in a double boiler or simply boiled. The chemical composition of the therapeutic diet 7 for kidney disease for one day is 70 grams of protein, 60% of them are animals, 85 grams of fat, 25% of them are vegetable, 350 grams of carbohydrates, about 85 grams of which are sugars. The energy value of Diet 7 for kidney disease is approximately 2550-2600 calories. The drinking regimen is one liter of liquid.
Diet 7 for kidney disease involves the maximum variety of dishes with a full content of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and vitamins. Be sure to use products with lyotropic properties, for example, fermented milk products, cottage cheese, kefir, milk. But the use of fatty cream and sour cream is best to limit. To improve the taste of prepared dishes, it is recommended to use dried dill, cumin, cinnamon, paprika, lemon juice or citric acid. The total amount of salt consumed is 5 grams per day, while salt is not used for cooking main dishes, but is consumed separately.
Diet 7 for kidney disease provides for fractional nutrition, namely, dividing the daily diet into equal 5-6 parts, with the same time interval between meals.
What foods should be excluded from the diet for kidney disease? First of all, the use of any carbonated drinks, whether it be mineral water or sweet drinks, is excluded. In general, this recommendation applies not only to therapeutic diets, but also to the usual daily diet. The use of legumes, for example, beans, peas, is also limited. Dishes based on any broths that contain extractives are excluded from the diet for kidney disease, and it does not matter what the broth is based on. Dishes with a high salt content are subject to the complete exclusion - various pickles, all kinds of canned food, smoked meat and fish products. Also, sweet flour dishes, cakes, pastries, all kinds of desserts and oil-based creams should be generally excluded when prescribing a therapeutic diet for kidney disease.
Diet 7 for kidney disease, with its therapeutic effect on the body, regulates the amount of protein and phosphorus and sodium intake. At the same time, the calorie content of the dishes consumed, and the frequency of meals, are of no small importance. Protein is a necessary component to maintain the viability of the body. However, as a result of metabolic processes in the body, waste products are formed in the form of toxins, for example, urea, creatinine. According to the chemical composition, such substances are nitrogenous and are excreted through the kidneys along with urine. The excretory and filtration functions of the kidneys during inflammatory processes are significantly inhibited, toxins are not removed from the body, which provokes a toxic effect. For this reason, Diet 7 for kidney disease limits the amount of protein consumed to the maximum level of the patient's physiological needs.
What can be consumed by the patient when diet 7 is prescribed for kidney disease? From bakery products, protein-free, bran, wheat bread is recommended for use, provided baking without salt. Of the first courses, you can only use those that are cooked without broths, based on vegetables, pasta or cereals, seasoned with butter and herbs. The consumption of meat and poultry at the beginning of treatment should be limited. A little later, you can eat boiled lean meat, a whole piece or chopped. Fish can be consumed lean, boiled or baked. The recommended number of eggs is limited to 2 pieces in the form of egg white omelettes or soft-boiled eggs. The use of milk and dairy products is possible in limited quantities. From vegetables, you can eat tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, beets, cauliflower, parsley, dill, carrots. Moreover, vegetables and herbs can be consumed both boiled and fresh. When dieting, the use of fruits and dishes from them is recommended, for example, watermelons, melons, jams, jams, fruit purees and mousses. The patient's drinking regimen can be diversified with weak tea with milk, unsaturated broth of blackcurrant or wild rose, vegetable or fruit juices diluted with pure water in a ratio of 1: 1.
Diet 7 for kidney disease with mandatory and strict implementation during the treatment course will contribute to the maximum effect of the treatment.
Protein-free diet for kidney disease
A protein-free diet for kidney disease will significantly improve the effectiveness of the treatment course in acute and chronic diseases. The low-calorie diet of this diet also contributes to a decrease in overall body weight. But the use of a protein-free diet as a weight loss technique cannot be called correct. Weight loss occurs to a greater extent due to a decrease in the level of fluid in the body. Long-term protein-restricted diets or combining a protein-free diet with active physical activity may cause serious loss of muscle tissue, which will be used to compensate for the protein deficiency.
A protein-free diet for kidney disease in terms of nutritional value does not exceed the daily allowance of 2200 calories. The energy value of the nutritional diet for each category of patients is individual. So, for bedridden patients, it is possible to reduce the energy value to 1800 calories. A protein-free diet involves reducing protein proteins to a minimum level, namely, up to 20 grams per day. At the same time, the main sources of protein proteins are products of plant origin. Meat, poultry and fish should be consumed in very limited quantities, but it is better to exclude them altogether. Dairy products and eggs are also subject to complete exclusion from the patient's diet. The carbohydrate part of the protein-free diet menu is approximately 350 grams per day. Fats are recommended in an amount of no more than 80 grams daily.
In order to prevent kidney overload, the drinking regimen of a protein-free diet is limited to 450-500 grams of fluid daily.
The technology for preparing dishes of a protein-free diet consists in boiling, steaming, stewing, but not frying or baking in the oven. Meals should be as easily digestible as possible, without the use of salt.
The main nutritional diet of a protein-free diet for kidney disease can be represented by a small list of allowed foods and a fairly large list of restricted foods. Let's start with the list of allowed products. From bakery products you can salt-free bread. The use of dairy products is possible in minimal quantities and very limited. Vegetables can be consumed almost any and fresh and as ready meals. It is best to steam or boil vegetables; long-term stewing and frying of vegetable dishes is not allowed. From vegetables, you can cook various soups, mashed potatoes, vegetable side dishes and many other dishes. You can also use almost any fresh fruit and all kinds of dishes from them, for example, preserves, jams, puddings, fruit jellies and purees. From fats, vegetable oil can be used, and ideally, olive oil is better, of course. Now consider the list of restrictions. So, bakery products containing eggs and salt, melons and legumes, seafood and fish of all kinds, meat and poultry are completely excluded from the diet of a protein-free diet. It is not recommended to use cottage cheese and cheeses, all kinds of cottage cheese and cheese desserts, any confectionery, cakes, pastries, chocolate and chocolate dishes, milk soups, first courses based on any broths. You can not eat salty foods and dishes, smoked meat and fish products, canned foods, seeds and nuts. The use of various margarines, refractory fats and oils, cooking mixtures for the preparation of dietary dishes is excluded.
As a rule, a protein-free diet lasts no more than ten days, during which it is necessary to observe bed rest and physical activity is not allowed. The total daily amount of food should be consumed in equal parts five to six times a day. The diet and drinks of a protein-free diet are regulated by a specialist nutritionist on an individual basis, based on the results of the tests and the general condition of the patient. It would not be out of place to recall that the use of a protein-free diet to reduce excess body weight can cause protein starvation and other undesirable complications, so its appointment is carried out by a specialist if necessary. A protein-free diet significantly limits the nutritious diet, thereby helping to improve protein protein metabolism, but this process does not need to be delayed. A protein-free diet for kidney disease is used as an effective element of the treatment course for chronic glomerulonephritis with kidney failure, acute and severe forms.
Diet for chronic kidney disease
As a rule, chronic kidney disease occurs as a result of a long course of pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, glomerulonephritis and arterial hypertension. The excretory function of the kidneys gradually decreases, toxins and slags accumulate in the body, which provoke the development of general weakness and a painful condition, headaches. The effectiveness of the course of treatment is greatly increased when the patient adheres to a diet for chronic kidney disease.
The CKD diet is primarily about limiting your protein intake and has several underlying principles that we'll look at. So, salt and spices, chocolate and cocoa and various dishes and desserts from them are generally excluded from the diet. The consumption of foods containing phosphorus and potassium is strictly limited. The amount of daily fluid intake is limited to 1.5 liters. The principle of fractional nutrition will be relevant - up to five times a day. The calorie content of the daily diet should be at least 3500 calories.
The process of metabolism of protein proteins contributes to the formation of urea and creatine, which, due to kidney disease, are not promptly excreted from the body. Limiting protein intake helps prevent possible intoxication of the body and reduces the load on the kidneys. The diet for chronic kidney disease limits the daily protein intake to 50 grams. The main source of protein, in this case, will be lean meat and poultry, low-fat cottage cheese and eggs. Vegetable proteins, for example, soy, peas, beans are completely excluded. For a general idea of the amount of protein in foods, one egg contains approximately 5 grams of protein. The same amount of protein is found in 200 grams of potatoes, 25 grams of raw meat, 35 grams of cottage cheese or 20 grams of cheese.
In chronic kidney disease, the salt balance is disturbed and, as a result, salts accumulate in the body, causing swelling. Therefore, the diet for chronic kidney disease eliminates the use of salt. Preparing dietary meals without salt is the main principle of dietary nutrition in chronic kidney disease. Salt can be consumed in an amount of no more than 2 grams per day separately from the main dishes. At the same time, various vegetable pickles, marinades, meat and fish smoked meats, canned foods, as well as industrial bakery products containing eggs and salt are excluded from the diet. Excessive phosphorus content provokes an accelerated excretion of calcium from the body, it is for this reason that fish and fish products, seafood, cheeses, liver, legumes and nuts are excluded from the patient's diet. Maintaining an optimal balance of trace elements will ensure the restriction of the use of foods containing potassium, such as dates, tomatoes, mushrooms, dried apricots.
The diet for chronic kidney disease is high in calories and this is a very important point. This is due to the limited amount of protein proteins in it, and with a lack of calories, the body will begin to use muscle tissue to ensure its own vital activity. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the diet in this case will be zero. The calorie content of meals can be increased by carbohydrates, for example, in pasta, cereals, vegetable dishes, fruits and berries. From the diet it is necessary to exclude fish and meat broths and dishes based on them. It is recommended to use vegetable soups, mashed potatoes, steamed or boiled vegetable side dishes. From fats, vegetable and butter oils are recommended for use. From sweets and desserts, you can marmalade, marshmallows and marshmallows, jams and jams. It is very important to follow the principle of fractional nutrition, this will avoid excessive stress on the digestive system of the body and the kidneys. The amount of fluid consumed in the initial stages of chronic kidney disease should be more than the desired amount and is approximately 1.8 liters. In the future, the amount of liquid must be reduced to 0.8 liters. In chronic kidney disease, watermelons and melons should be used very carefully, due to the high content of potassium in them. In order to minimize irritation of unhealthy kidneys, diet food is recommended to be seasoned with cinnamon, dried dill, lemon juice. At the same time, dishes are not subjected to prolonged heat treatment, as a rule, steaming, boiling or stewing is used. Otherwise, the technology for preparing meals for dietary nutrition in chronic kidney disease has the same principles and concept as in kidney disease in general.
Diet recipes for kidney disease
Any organ of the human body has periods of vigorous activity and periods of work with minimal intensity in its work. The kidneys are no exception. That is why, diet recipes for kidney disease must be calculated for consumption in the morning, up to about 13 hours. During this period of time, the most intensive work of the kidneys is noted.
Diet recipes for kidney disease during this period of time, as a rule, consist of the main dishes of the diet table, for example, the first breakfast may consist of oatmeal, low-fat cottage cheese, jam and sweet tea. The second breakfast may consist of an omelet, a small piece of lean meat or poultry, a small portion of buckwheat porridge, fruit juice. For lunch, vegetable puree soup or vegetarian borscht, boiled potatoes, boiled low-fat fish, fruit compote are recommended. In the afternoon, a snack in the form of dried fruits is possible - dried apricots, prunes, raisins and a glass of rosehip broth with honey. For dinner, you can eat one rice cake with raisins and jelly. An hour and a half before bedtime, you can drink one glass of fruit juice with vanilla crackers.
In the second half of the day, the activity of the kidneys gradually decreases and, therefore, with therapeutic nutrition, food should correspond as much as possible to the physiological state of the kidneys at a given time of day. It is best to consume vegetable and fruit juices, fruits fresh or in the form of dishes and desserts. In general, diet recipes for kidney disease basically contain the vast majority of vegetable and fruit dishes. We should not forget about exceptions, for example, radish, garlic, spinach, cauliflower, celery are excluded from the patient's diet. The first courses of the diet for kidney disease are presented in a fairly large variety of vegetable puree soups, cereal and pasta soups, which are prepared exclusively without meat or any other broths. Second courses can be prepared from lean meat, poultry, fish, for example, in the form of steam cutlets or meatballs, boiled meat. The main food in the diet for kidney disease can be called porridge, in any form. It can be rice, millet, oatmeal, wheat, with the addition of meat or fruits. Desserts and fruit purees are made from seasonal fruits. It can be fruit smoothies and jelly, kissels and puddings.
Diet menu for kidney disease
The diet menu for kidney diseases is compiled by a dietitian, according to the recommendations of the attending physician and depending on the general condition of the patient. As a rule, the diet menu for kidney diseases consists of light meals that contribute to the minimum burden on diseased kidneys and the digestive system. These are mainly vegetable dishes and dishes from various cereals.
The diet menu for kidney diseases for a week approximately consists of the following dishes:
- For breakfast - rice milk porridge, cheese with raisins, tea with honey;
- For the second breakfast - cottage cheese pudding, rosehip broth;
- For lunch - vegetable puree soup, boiled meat, compote;
- For dinner - steamed fish cakes, cottage cheese casserole with pasta, a glass of low-fat milk;
- Before going to bed - a glass of kefir;
- For breakfast - buckwheat porridge with milk, carrot cutlets, tea with honey;
- For the second breakfast - boiled fish and mashed potatoes;
- For lunch - vegetarian borscht, boiled poultry meat, apple compote;
- For dinner - meat casserole, cottage cheese with sugar, tea with milk;
- For breakfast - vinaigrette, boiled fish, cottage cheese with sour cream, a glass of tomato juice;
- For lunch - milk soup with vermicelli, rice with boiled veal, cherry compote;
- For dinner - potato casserole, oatmeal with fruit;
- Before going to bed - a glass of curdled milk;
- For breakfast - rice milk porridge, cheese with raisins, tea;
- For the second breakfast - cottage cheese casserole;
- For lunch - vegetable soup, boiled meat with buckwheat porridge, apple compote;
- For dinner - steam fish cutlets, pasta casserole, a glass of milk;
- Before going to bed - a glass of kefir;
- For breakfast - vegetable pilaf, cottage cheese with sour cream, fruit juice;
- For the second breakfast - cottage cheese, kefir with sugar;
- For lunch - vegetable soup with chicken, boiled veal, apple compote;
- For dinner - cottage cheese casserole with rice, rosehip broth;
- Before going to bed - prunes, dried apricots, raisins;
- For breakfast - buckwheat milk porridge, boiled beets, rosehip broth;
- For the second breakfast - mashed potatoes with boiled fish;
- For lunch - vegetarian borscht, boiled meat, fruit juice;
- For dinner - meat casserole, tea with honey;
- Before going to bed - a glass of kefir;
- For breakfast - milk porridge from semolina, tea;
- For the second breakfast - vinaigrette, oatmeal porridge with fruit, milk;
- For lunch - mashed potato soup, boiled meat, fruit jelly;
- For dinner - cottage cheese casserole, apple pancakes, compote;
- Before going to bed - a glass of kefir.
This diet menu for kidney diseases is advisory in nature and can be changed or supplemented by a dietitian.
What foods can you eat with kidney disease?
The key point in dietary nutrition in kidney disease can be called the limited intake of proteins and salt in the patient's diet. Consequently, the calorie content of the therapeutic diet is achieved through carbohydrates contained in vegetables, cereals and pasta. Protein is an essential nutrient for the human body and cannot be completely excluded from the diet. With dietary nutrition, the use of lean meat, poultry and fish is allowed within 100 grams daily. Eating lean meat is simply necessary, best boiled in small pieces. The carbohydrate part of the diet consists of various vegetable dishes, for example, mashed soups, vegetable side dishes, which are steamed or boiled. Vegetables can be consumed almost any, both fresh and cooked in the form of dishes, with the exception of spinach, celery and radishes. From bakery products, you can use salt-free bread with bran, gray from wholemeal flour. You can limit the use of low-fat lactic acid products, cottage cheese. Fruits and berries are recommended for use, as well as various dishes from them. For example, all kinds of fruit purees, smoothies, juices, jams, jams.
If there are no obvious contraindications and on the recommendation of the attending physician, it is very effective to carry out fasting days for kidney diseases, during which various vegetables, juices, and fruits are consumed. On a fruit fasting day, 300 grams of seasonal fruits, such as apples, pears, apricots, watermelons, melons, are consumed five to six times during the day. You can add a little honey or low-fat yogurt. At the same time, do not forget about the danger of fasting with kidney disease. Remember that the daily caloric intake of the diet should be at least 3500 kcal. With kidney disease, the number of spicy dishes and spices is significantly reduced, in order to minimize irritation of the kidneys. In small quantities, you can use cinnamon, bay leaf, onion.
An exemplary menu of therapeutic nutrition for kidney diseases includes first courses in the form of vegetarian soups and borscht, mashed soups, second courses in the form of steam cutlets, meat or fish, lean meat or poultry. Side dishes can be both in the form of pasta, and in the form of cereals. Desserts can be from fruits and berries, for example, jelly, kissels, smoothies, fruit mixes. Separately, you can eat dried fruits - raisins, dried apricots, prunes, figs. It is also very useful to eat fresh fruits and berries. As drinks, teas, fruit and vegetable fruit drinks or juices, decoctions of blackcurrant or rose hips are recommended. Before drinking, drinks must be diluted with boiled water in a ratio of 1: 1, this will reduce the burden on the kidneys.
Depending on the characteristics of the course of the disease, the attending physician and dietitian determine which foods can be eaten with kidney disease, individually in each case.
What foods can not be eaten with kidney disease?
This list is quite large. That is why proper nutrition significantly speeds up and increases the effectiveness of the healing process. We will start this long list with protein products. So, all types of fatty meat, poultry and fish, including pork, beef and mutton fats, are completely excluded from the patient's diet. Broths prepared on the basis of meat, poultry, fish, mushrooms, and legumes are also completely excluded. All foods are excluded, and dishes with a high salt content, for example, vegetable pickles, canned foods, all kinds of smoked meat and fish, sausages, spicy dishes, adjika, mustard, hot peppers, garlic, onions. This list can be continued indefinitely, but the main principle of exclusion is all products that can irritate diseased kidneys or increase the load on them. It is unacceptable to use various desserts and creams based on butter, pastries and cakes, chocolate and cocoa, products and dishes based on them. The use of carbonated drinks, strong coffee and cocoa is also excluded. All foods are excluded, and dishes with a high salt content and having the ability to irritate diseased kidneys and stimulate their work. During the treatment course, it is necessary to ensure the most sparing diet, in order to minimize the impact on diseased kidneys.
The kidneys are the natural filter of the human body. With their help, toxins and waste products that enter the blood along with other beneficial substances are removed from this body. If this streamlined process of filtering and excretion suddenly fails, then toxins and toxins remain in the body and literally poison it.
The consequences for people in such a situation can be the most severe. That's when and there is a need for a diet for kidney disease, the importance of which today is no longer disputed by anyone.
To prevent these consequences, the kidneys need help. The disease is, of course, attacked with drugs. It is also necessary to limit the intake of harmful substances into the body, which inevitably get there with some familiar food.
Where do slags come from?
Surprisingly, the main culprits for the accumulation of slag can become vital substances:
- proteins - without them, normal life is almost impossible to imagine. However, when they enter the body, they bring with them nitrogenous substances - urea, the excess of which pollutes the blood if not removed;
- sodium - causes water retention in the body, which leads to edema and increases blood pressure. It enters the body with salt, is excreted quickly by healthy kidneys, but problems arise with diseases;
- phosphorus - in small quantities it is necessary for life, but in excess it leads to leaching of potassium and bone fragility.
As you can see, these toxins can become very aggressive if they are not removed from the body in time. And if this conclusion is difficult, it is necessary to limit the intake of the same proteins in the human body.
Features of the diet for diseased kidneys
In medical institutions for diseases of these organs, nutritional norms are designated as a low-protein diet (table) number 7.
We have already identified its main symptom: it is necessary to facilitate the work of the kidneys, minimizing sludge. The principles of such nutrition are not very difficult to follow:
With one kidney after the corresponding operation, the renal diet is prescribed as sparing and even more protein-free, only with a stricter restriction in fluid intake, especially at first.
At the same time, the duration of compliance with the norms of therapeutic nutrition is significantly lengthened, because the rehabilitation period after one kidney can last up to 5 years. During this time, the load on the remaining kidney must be dosed.
What diet should be followed for renal colic, read our article.
What products are prohibited?
It cannot be said that the restrictions in these cases are excessive and difficult to implement. But some habits will have to be abandoned, at least for the first time until complete recovery:
- meat broths are harmful, vegetable broths may well replace them;
- hard foods that are difficult to digest are excluded: fried meat, tendons, cartilage;
- also forget about fatty meats, for this reason it is better to refuse pork altogether;
- you can’t eat duck in this state either;
- fatty varieties of fish (this is mainly river) - also impossible;
- legumes should not be included in the menu, in addition to difficult digestion, they also contain a large amount of protein;
- obvious enemies with such a diet are smoked meats, salinity, sausages and cheeses;
- mushrooms;
- spices and hot sauces;
- coffee, strong tea, carbonated drinks, concentrated juices;
- special attention - to the prohibition of mineral water, it contains a lot of sodium salts;
- it is probably not worth talking about a complete ban on alcohol.
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What is allowed and healthy to eat?
To the delight of those who are sick, list of allowed products(see table above) is quite extensive:
- soups on vegetable broth, it is allowed to use cereals, vegetables or pasta as a dressing;
- beef (preferably veal) per day is allowed to be used in 2 dishes, and not more than 100 g; the same applies to chicken meat, turkey or lean rabbit;
- it is advisable to steam cutlets, and it is better if they are not twisted in a meat grinder, but chopped;
- fish, well, if sea, low-fat varieties (best - pollock), and from freshwater, pike is preferable to all;
- boiled chicken eggs, and even more useful - quail;
- low-fat dairy products, sour-milk give preference. It is better not to give store-bought yogurts, they often contain synthetic additives;
- cheeses are allowed not fatty, not spicy and not salty;
- vegetables are recommended to be consumed in a stew;
- fruits should be present on the menu daily, in season, watermelons and melons are a must;
- bran bread;
- tea with milk, fruit decoctions.
Meat dishes, if the disease has reached an exacerbation phase, are recommended to be introduced into the diet about a week after this phase.
It is necessary and useful to use vitamins. For this reason, it is recommended to give a sick person dishes from pumpkin, apples, plums and grapes more often. In addition to just vitamin properties, these products also have acceptable diuretic effect.
And - do not forget about the norm of salt! Not more than 6 g and separately!
Sample menu for the day
Breakfast:
- corn porridge without milk;
- lean bread;
- a little butter;
- tea with milk.
Lunch:
- rosehip decoction;
- fat-free biscuits.
Dinner:
- vegetable soup with egg;
- potato patties;
- the coffee is not strong.
Afternoon snack:
- cottage cheese mass with fresh berries;
- a glass of fat-free kefir.
Dinner:
- steamed turkey or boiled squid;
- vegetable salad;
- homemade fruit jelly.
Before going to bed, you can drink a glass of fermented milk products. This will ease the digestive process. But clean water, going to bed, is not recommended to drink.
A feature of the formation of the menu with such diet therapy for a particular day should be principle of proportionality. That is, it is not advisable to include both meat and fish dishes in the daily menu or feed the patient exclusively with cereals as a side dish. At the same time, the fruit components of the diet should be constant.
Diet Recipes
Lenten classic borscht:
Cut the beets into small strips, grate the carrots. Finely chop the onion. Lightly fry in vegetable oil, add tomato paste. Then pour a glass of hot boiled water and simmer for 15 minutes over low heat. Put potatoes cut to taste into boiling water.
When the water boils again, add finely chopped cabbage there. Before the end of cooking, add stewed vegetables and chopped tomatoes there. Tomatoes in combination with tomato paste will make the beets give off juice and color the borscht in the traditional color for this dish. Steam for a few minutes and serve with low-fat sour cream.
Chopped chicken cutlets:
- chicken meat - 500 g;
- chicken egg - 1 pc;
- wheat flour - 2 tbsp. spoons;
- vegetable oil - 40 g;
- sour cream - 2 tbsp. spoons;
- dill greens.
Boil the meat until cooked, finely chop with a knife. Add the rest of the ingredients, except for the oil, mix well. Form cutlets and fry in oil on both sides until cooked, but do not fry until crusty. Can be served with stewed vegetables.
Pilaf with prunes and raisins:
- long-grain rice - 100 g;
- prunes - 20 g;
- raisins 10 g;
- sugar 10 g;
- butter - 10 g.
Rinse the rice several times until the water runs clear. Boil until half cooked for about 10 minutes, while the water should not exceed the level of rice by more than 1 cm.
During this time, steam the prunes and raisins. Add them, along with sugar and butter, to boiling water with rice. When the water almost boils away, tightly cover the pilaf with a lid and evaporate over very low heat for several minutes.
It remains to be added that the correct adherence to such a diet will help to cope with the disease early. But it should be remembered that only proper nutrition serious kidney disease cannot be cured here the help of a doctor is obligatory.
A nephrologist will tell you about nutrition in case of kidney failure in a video:
