GESTAPO PLAN The fact that the defector dragged an officer on him did not make any impression on the Nazis. The patrol that stopped him shouted to the soldier. Two men came with a stretcher, laid the wounded man down and carried him away. Ashpin was also brought in. The month had not yet appeared, and it was dark.

A LITTLE PHILOSOPHY ABOUT DOG BREEDING Sergei Aleksandrovich said the truth when he said that dog breeding is an interesting activity, interesting and useful, especially for young people. And now, remembering classes with Jerry, I always feel joyful excitement. Probably the one

Sample plan outline conducting practical classes on training service dogs Topic. Treatment of general and special skills in dogs. Purpose of the lesson: 1. Teach people techniques for practicing general skills in dogs (walking the dog next to the trainer, sitting the dog and

CHAPTER VI GENERAL TRAINING COURSE (practical classes) The general training course includes the development of so-called simple skills in dogs, which discipline them and are the basis for special training. The general training course includes the following:

CHAPTER VII TECHNIQUES FOR TRAINING SUPPORTIVE SKILLS (practical exercises) Practicing auxiliary skills is aimed at developing the dog’s defensive instinct, which manifests itself differently during training depending on the type used.

Sergey... “... but dog handlers really don’t like to talk about punishment, since 80% of dog owners build their relationships with the animal precisely on the basis of subordination to the animal. Any hint that it is sometimes necessary to use violence against a dog will be perceived in an emphatically negative manner.”
Let me note: a huge number of the country’s strongest trainers (based on the results of, let’s say, the World and European Championships:), and not in one form) - and, by the way, according to the same Agility, “ours” have been the strongest in the world for a good ten years! - the dogs will react the same way to any of your “hints” about the use of violence and, especially, punishment! :-))
(Yes, I deliberately avoid the word “canine handler”... But I noticed that you are not just talking about the owners.)
And the “I’ll repeat it a couple of times, and then I’ll come and tie it with something good” is regrettable. And your scenario doesn’t lend itself to negative reinforcement - after “I’ll repeat it a couple of times”... Don’t you know how to do it any other way? What is there to boast about?…. (((Usually in such “communication” it is used: “what kind of nonsense is a clicker?..", “why are they shaking so much over their borders?! They don’t want to offend”, etc.
Why “offend” a dog who behaves impeccably both in work and in life, not counting the wrong decisions and mistakes - which she herself wants to correct, and strives for this herself? The one who tries her best? But they are not all born this way - at least half of them are made this way! Moreover, often simultaneously with “general obedience”! And this is available to everyone - even completely “zero” beginners come to us, and not with the most “successful” dogs, and achieve results. What prevents you from wanting and learning to make your dog like this? Try it, it's very nice! (Although everyone's needs are different...)
I was also hooked by the scheme: “if you do it, you get a treat, if you don’t do it, minus a treat, plus punishment”…. What, absolutely no different? 🙂 If you remove the punishment, everything will fall apart? What if getting a treat is not an end in itself, but just a marker that everything is going as it should? And the goal is the correct action itself?
The key is that the dog is motivated to work so that the strongest punishment is a break in work (the so-called time-out, not even ignoring!) or a signal “Wrong!”, the best praise is a signal with the meaning: “Yes! » (“test”:), guessed right), and the most desirable thing was the next command and continuation of work. Believe it or not, our dogs sometimes get upset when they are stopped for a treat or pet while working! For them, this becomes an “unfortunate delay”.. During breaks - yes, the meat “goes” with pleasure, and affection is always at hand)).
“As a result, in 80% of cases, it is not the owner who trains the dog, but the owner: he didn’t take him outside on time - he was punished - the floor was dirty, he didn’t let him eat on time - his slippers were chewed, he left him alone at home - he changed his brother-in-law, etc.”
I couldn't agree more - most dogs are better trainers than their owners. 1000+
But it’s still better to keep the dog busy and make its life interesting and useful (and learn something at the same time), and not “beat the crap out of it”…. The situations of “the floor is dirty” and “the apartment is dismantled” are still resolved with the puppy, at the “diaper stage” :), and, normally, without punishment! And, first of all, by offering other interesting and useful (to the owner!) activities. It shouldn’t even come to punishment... It’s YOUR FAILURE if it comes to that... 1. poorly explained 2. not interested enough. 3. deprived of the opportunity to satisfy physiological need… (Conclusion: who is the fool? 🙂)
But this requires a lot of attention, as well as knowledge (not a problem!) and the desire to THINK, and not everyone is ready to devote as much time as necessary to the puppy. With the newly taken adult dog You can also get by almost without conflicts... Let’s not take the correction completely - it’s still a special case, and not the majority at all.
“The dogs drag us along on a leash along the street, they taught us to feed them, treat them and generally serve them in every possible way.”
Fun to read. What a global problem! :-))) That is, this is not the essence of the owner’s responsibility - to take care, feed, treat? :)) Do we only require from the dog? Any learning is a mutual process. But it’s so obvious to feel like “a laboratory assistant trained to carry bananas to monkeys”...! :-)) If it's humorous, I'm for it. But why take it as a heavy duty? And sigh that it’s not the dog that feeds you and takes you to the doctors?... (and you don’t sleep carefree on a rug all day). Or is it still better and more interesting to bring your friend up to your level? :))
I want to say: ideologically you need to treat the dog correctly. We have two extremes: either they are seen as children, pigs (for fattening), an object of some kind of worship or a source of... “vital troubles” (and it happens, I’m surprised myself..) - “so that it’s not boring and there’s something to brag about "….
Or they see hobby equipment and a free slave... (“he owes me, otherwise I’ll pull it across his back”). How about just respecting her - like a dog?.. And making your life mutually pleasant and useful? And love. Not for doing something... But as soon as it stops, it’s scrapped... So as not to “serve in any way”!..
Maybe I didn’t understand you completely correctly, but familiar notes...
I wish that in “the first attempt at a systematic approach to dog training” and “a correct understanding of the basics of training” there was a correct understanding of one’s role and one’s responsibilities, and not “the dog’s responsibilities” ...
In sports there is Golden Rule: 90% of errors in work are direct mistakes of the trainer, and 10% are mistakes of the dog due to the fact that it was taught incorrectly a little earlier.
Very useful - I recommend using it... And remembering between the “couple repetitions” of the command and the blow... of the leash.)

Training programs for service dogs of all uses cover two main groups of techniques.

1. The first is an educational and disciplinary cycle, the so-called “general obedience”, which contains the entire complex of general educational and disciplinary techniques listed below:

1) accustoming to a nickname, 2) accustoming to encouraging and encouraging intonations, 3) approach, 4) fetch, 5) jumping, b) stairs, 7) raising the voice, 8) accelerating the pace of actions, 9) general development activity, mobility and anger (if necessary), 10) free state of the dog, 11) not being afraid of shots, 12) training to a leash and collar, 13) training to threatening intonations, 14) prohibition, 15) walking nearby, 16) sitting, 17) styling, 18) training general endurance, 19) fetching, ( rare cases accustoming to fetching by coercion), 20) slowing down the pace of actions, 21) general education of failure-free performance of techniques (coercion).

2. The second group of techniques covers a cycle of special, complex techniques, which will be discussed further during training. various types works

Successful work is influenced by:

1) the relationship between the dog and the trainer;

2) the condition of the dog;

3) conditions environment.

The trainer must first take into account physical health And mental condition dogs.

In the first case, the dog's behavior is usually caused for the following reasons: 1) inept and rude handling of the trainer; 2) giving strong stimuli that are disproportionate to the dog’s character and cause fear in the dog; 3) influence of weather; 4) retraining; 5) physical fatigue of the dog.

In the second case, behavior is determined by: 1) the onset of estrus (for both males and females, but to a lesser extent for the latter); 2) excessive domestication of the combat dog, which has a negative effect on it.

In addition, the conditions of detention, the lesson plan and the procedure for conducting them must prevent the possibility of harmful influence on the condition of the dog.

The best time to work is early in the morning: clean air, lack of distractions and the dog's fresh energy - all this contributes to the success of work. The summer heat has a debilitating effect on the dog, and therefore it is necessary to start training early in the morning or in the evening, then moving on to classes in hotter weather. Acclimatized dogs, with bodies adapted to withstand heat, may be placed in more difficult working conditions.

Severe cold and especially intense heat belong to the group of the strongest distractions of a physiological nature, inhibiting the dog’s interest in work and the desire to achieve results.

Due to the lack sweat glands in a dog, in hot weather it relatively quickly loses stamina and becomes lethargic. The supply of stronger stimuli may somewhat protect against this. But only through gradual hardening of the body can one instill in a dog the ability to perform work without fail at any temperature.

When determining a dog's ability to work at a given temperature, it is necessary to take into account its acclimatization. Working with dogs is possible at the following average temperatures: for training dogs - from 12" to 15" warm, and up to 10" cold (in the absence of wind); for combat dogs: up to 25" warm, and up to 15" - 20" cold.

It is of particular importance when the dog is working on a scent or on a “reinforcer”. Winds must be considered by: 1) direction; 2) character; 3) strength.

The direction of the wind is: tailwind, headwind, sidewinder and corner wind. By nature: favorable (southern and western) and unfavorable (northern and eastern - in winter period).

To preserve the trail, the strength of the wind is extremely important: the weaker the wind, the better the scent (odor molecules) are retained on the trail and vice versa.

What makes tracking work most difficult is the side wind: it removes odor molecules from the track at an angle to the side, which forces the dog to deviate, sometimes very significantly, from the right direction, cut corners, run ahead and make leaps. Orientation in this case is difficult for the dog, since its attention is distracted by odor molecules scattered in the air, which leads the dog astray from the right direction. In a headwind (especially on short tracks), molecules moving through the air towards the dog's nose force the dog to resort to the upper sense, which complicates the work and throws the dog off the scent.

A tailwind carries forward all the smell in the air, leaving it exclusively on the trail itself (soil). A light tailwind is the most successful for working by scent - it forces the dog to use exclusively the lower sense.

When working on a trail, the soil is the holder of the scent molecules left on the trail. Fortunately, pleasant soils can be called: a) wet, b) loosened (chernozem), c) meadow, d) fresh, e) clay, g) peat, h) snow cover. Unfavorable soils are as follows: a) dry road, b) rocky, c) sandy, swampy (flooded with water).

Dust and fine sand in hot weather clog the pores of the dog's olfactory pathways, as a result of which the dog's sense of smell is dulled.

The best soil can be considered meadow (grass retains odor molecules) with a trail laid in dew, the worst is a dusty road on a hot day. Wet soil contributes to the “heaviness” and swelling of odor molecules, making them more persistent.

In soils that retain odor molecules (favorable), the influence of temperature does not have a sharply dominant significance, and, conversely, in soils that do not retain the spread of odor (unfavorable), the influence of temperature extremely complicates and complicates the work.

Flat terrain makes the dog's work easier; strongly crossed - complicates it. The proximity of a lake or river refreshes the atmosphere and also makes work easier. Small bushes stimulate the dog's search activity. Strongly changing relief and the nature of the terrain is useful, it provokes and develops search activity, but should be introduced only after working on relatively flat terrain.

Changing the place of work during training is necessary, because a change in impressions causes greater interest, and, consequently, more energetic work.

The population of the area and movement along it are distractions from the outside world, accordingly, the trainer in in this regard and builds his work (see distractions).

The fresh atmosphere makes work easier; on the contrary, tension in the atmosphere (for example, before a thunderstorm) causes a decline in the dog’s activity and depression.

For the work of active and energetic dogs, light rain has almost no significance. A dog with a weak constitution may refuse to work in the rain, as well as in the snow. A light wind cools the dog, especially on hot days, but affects the degree of preservation of the track. Counter and strong winds interfere with work, making it difficult for the dog to breathe and raising odor molecules.

Hunger, sexual instinct, pain, crowd noise, Railway, shot, wind noise, searchlight beams, etc.

Dealing with physiological distractions is certainly much more difficult than dealing with drives general order, since they are direct stimuli that cause the strongest innate reactions, and therefore require stronger dampers with a greater number of repetitions.

First, they begin to introduce general distractions, moving from weak to stronger ones, building training in such a way that the influence of the trainer is stronger than the current distractions. After training the dog to work with general distractions, they begin to gradually introduce distractions of a physiological nature (working with an underfed dog, in the heat), etc.

Finally, the strength of the stimulus must be taken into account. When developing a technique, you need to think about what stimuli and to what extent should be given so that the dog, at least in the initial primitive form, performs the required action. If a given stimulus does not produce the desired response, a stronger stimulus is given. For example, if a dog does not jump over a barrier where the trigger for the jump was the trainer's run-up, then the trainer, moving away from the sitting dog to the other side of the barrier, calls it, causing the dog to instinctively follow its owner. If this is not enough, then angry dog the jump may be caused by the dog being set against a helper who is exciting the dog on the other side of the barrier, or by a bone being thrown over the barrier.

The main mistakes include:

1) hesitancy in the trainer’s tone;

2) inept and monotonous distribution of techniques in the lesson, causing boredom and lethargy in dogs;

3) lack of skill in skillfully rewarding for performance and correct impact for failure to perform a technique;

4) incorrect technical construction of the technique.

1. Kindness should prevail at the core of relationships. Friendly play establishes the dog's first trust in the trainer.

2. Gentle, calm and even handling of the dog is the first step towards rapprochement.

3. The clarity of giving orders and the persistence of demands should also be attributed to positive qualities trainer.

4. When the technique is completed, the trainer's soft and gentle tones are always used.

5. At the decisive moment there should be no concession - otherwise the authority of the trainer will be immediately lost.

6. Finally important factors The right relationship is patience and systematic work.

7. Unsystematic construction of techniques violates the correct relationship between man and dog.

1) The dog should be exercised 2 times a day - morning and evening. You have to remember that sometimes fifteen minutes is good organized classes will be more useful than an hour of boring and ill-considered classes. Pleasant and unpleasant exercises should be alternated. If the dog loses interest in work, then classes should be stopped, striving to ensure that by the end of them the dog retains the same interest in achieving results.

2) What is suitable and necessary for one dog is completely unnecessary for another. The trainer must himself, depending on individual characteristics your dog, invent (think through) useful stimuli that cause the desired response.

3) Before practical development of any of the methods of training a dog, the trainer must first think through: a) what immediate stimuli to give in order to force the dog to perform, even primitively, the desired action; b) what conditioned (replacement) stimuli should be given for this technique; c) what undesirable connections may arise when working through this technique, depending on the situation and working conditions; d) what, when and how distractions should be introduced; e) how and when it is necessary to gradually move from easier working conditions to more complex ones (wind, soil, temperature, etc.).

4) You need to start working on the techniques of a special cycle based on the interest of the dog and its natural desire to satisfaction. The technique should be reinforced by contrasting coercion (increased intonation) and rewards for performance.

5) In the first days of training, it is necessary to approach the dog without unnecessary “statutory formalities” and allow certain elements of play, even freedom, operating mainly with the dog’s instincts, only gradually moving to restraining principles.

6) The line of least resistance is a huge danger to the business, which is usually expressed in daily repetitions of easy tasks.

It is impossible, for example, when training a dog to track, day after day, send it on a search immediately after the departed tracker - you must gradually increase the time the dog starts. It is also impossible, when training a dog for endurance, to always move away to the same small distance, being satisfied with the dog’s precise execution of the technique under these conditions and forgetting about the necessary polishing, clarification and complication of tasks. This extremely dangerous phenomenon is completely unacceptable when working by instinct, as well as by communication, and in general when working using special techniques.

7) Requirements must increase day by day. Their suspension is allowed only to consolidate this complication. Only with such a formulation of the matter will the service dog ultimately fully satisfy its purpose.

8) It is necessary to note the extremely responsible role of assistants in training. By the hours of your work. At the same time, the assistant is required to have great experience and training in a number of special-purpose techniques, for example, when guarding, refusing to feed, working on a shot, tracking and communication work, searching the area, etc., since his actions often depend on success of preparation or failure of work.

9) Even before training begins, a normal relationship between the trainer and the dog should be created. A normal relationship is considered to be one when the trainer is not afraid of the dog, arranges games and walks with it, observes and analyzes its character, and the dog gets used to him and treats him with complete trust. Due to these considerations, it is necessary to pay Special attention for the selection of people and dogs.

10) The biggest mistake of trainers is the insufficient reality of staging the situation of special work. For example, it should not be allowed that after working on the trail, the trainer and trail maker return and talk cheerfully in front of the dog. Such a phenomenon is unacceptable both in the protection of things and in general in all special techniques training, since they greatly reduce the dog’s incentive to work for a person, deprive it of natural release, natural satisfaction, discredit the seriousness of the work and generally reduce the dog’s activity in working through difficult tasks. Trainers should avoid these phenomena at all costs, remembering that the loss of incentive to work is tantamount to the death of the business.

11) When training, you have to observe extremely interesting point the so-called turning point in work, i.e. a period of decline in the dog’s overall activity and interest in work.

This is explained by the fact that the technique has ceased to be new for the dog, has become “boring” to it and has lost its sharpness (the novelty of the stimulus). On the other hand, the technique has not yet been “mechanized”, that is, the reliability of its implementation has not been sufficiently trained. When a fracture occurs, the dog’s actions are superficially similar to those of an overtrained dog.

When a fracture occurs (it is almost inevitable), the trainer should not get lost. What is needed is a short break from practicing these techniques (3-4 days), transferring the lessons to another environment, and activating the given stimuli. Everything raises fading interest, and increased demands (increased intonation) and consistency in work will ultimately create the necessary automaticity and reliability in completing tasks. After this, the fracture period can be considered over.

12) As you know, heat is one of the strongest physiological inhibitors. It dulls the dog’s activity and interest, paralyzing its desire to achieve results. In such cases, it is necessary, on the one hand, to postpone regular classes to the evening or early morning, shortly after dawn, and on the other hand, to start doing short walks, thereby accustoming the dog to the heat. After a few days, you need to start doing 5-10 minute exercises during these walks (first in the shade). Gradually, as the training techniques are consolidated and their implementation is reliable, classes can be moved to a hotter time of the day in order to train the dog.

13) At first glance, it would seem strange to make an attempt to link the work of instinct with the problem of feeding dogs, but this link undoubtedly exists. Not only the cleanliness of the exterior, but also the service qualities of the dog depend on properly established nutrition. So, a fat dog with a poor metabolism will refuse to work by instinct in the heat. Rapid fatigue, muscle weakness, a poor heart and difficulty working the lungs affect the animal’s psyche, reducing performance qualities, i.e., slowing down the work in general. The conclusion is clear: with bad physical qualities resulting from improper maintenance, nutrition and other factors, the trainer should not count on the usefulness of service qualities dogs.

14) When training a dog, taking into account modern conditions, it is necessary to cultivate the reliability of its work directly under fire. Staging with blank shots cannot create desired effect, The whirring of bullets and the howling of flying shrapnel in battle affects nervous system dogs in a completely different way than maneuver shots. True, it would seem that the whistle of bullets should not affect the dog’s psyche, because the latter does not know the meaning of this whistle.

But here the matter is different. Unusuality and unknown, and therefore incomprehensibility of the phenomenon are the causes of unaccountable instinctive animal fear. For these reasons, it is necessary to familiarize dogs with actual fire. This is important, as is night training with spotlights and flares.

15) It is necessary to avoid overloading dogs with work. From fatigue, the dog loses interest in work, this most important factor in training. Under such circumstances, the dog should be given rest, periodically interrupting classes for 3-4 days, arranging bathing, walks and games during these days.

Practicing trainers know this very well, setting aside one day a week for rest to prevent overload in training.

Experienced trainers do no training at all before testing dogs for 1-2 days and in the vast majority of cases receive excellent results: the dog clearly and willingly performs the required techniques.

16) When training a young dog, you must always pay special attention to the age of the puppy. Natural instability, excessive excitability and manifestations of passive defensive reactions are characteristic of a young dog, even at the age of 10-12 months. They are the result of the puppy's "inferiority". At this time it is still difficult to talk about different types nervous activity of young dogs; It would be more correct to talk about one type - an unstable type (temporarily), with a predominance of the defensive instinct in a passive form. As it grows, and most importantly, with individual attachment, the puppy develops faster “mentally”. This is explained by the fact that the previously existing “inferiority” is compensated for by “protection” and “caring” when the puppy is individually attached to the trainer.

Due to the above considerations, one should not blindly reject a “cowardly” young dog; one must always take into account that in this case “cowardice” is inherent puppy age.

17) It should be remembered that in all cases, not one isolated gesture of the trainer, not one sound combination (command), but a complex (synthetic) stimulus is used as a conditioned stimulus: command + gesture + posture + facial expression + intonation. Because of this, the trainer must be especially attentive to his behavior when communicating with the dog.

18) For some, for one reason or another, “inferior” dogs, the so-called adoption method may be recommended in a number of techniques. Its essence is as follows: in front of a dog that for some reason does not perform the desired action, for example, does not bark at the command “voice”, another, well-working dog is seated. Trainer demanding compliance from her this technique, upon completion, the dog is generously rewarded. All this should happen in front of the other dog. After 2-3 exercises, the trainer makes an attempt to work with the lagging dog.

Usually, the adoption method greatly simplifies the work with lagging animals. But here it must be pointed out that an excessively long exercise of this kind causes excessive nervousness in the lagging dog. Therefore, it is not recommended to make more than 3-4 attempts of this kind, and then every other day.

19) Conditioned connections are developed not only during class hours, but throughout the animal’s entire life. You should treat your dog seriously and clearly outside of class. In no case should you flaunt your developed techniques (for example, abusing the “face” command or setting them against your comrades usually leads to neuroses and breakdowns).

In the specialized literature of service dog breeding, we usually find a more or less complete technical elaboration of one or another technique, but the question of the mutual coordination of training techniques has almost not been covered in the press. Meanwhile, this issue is of exceptional importance for training as a whole. When training a dog of any specialty, all training methods are closely linked to each other and follow from one another. Simple tricks for the most part they are auxiliary in the development of complex techniques and are included in them constituent elements.

The relationship between the techniques can be schematically described in the following way: aportation should be noted in one of the first places in terms of its significance. Even while raising a puppy, it is necessary to instill in him interest and a love of fetch. The dog must become close to him, quickly rushing after the thrown fetch. This will lay a fairly strong foundation for subsequent work. If we throw a fetch into the bushes, an interested dog will start looking for it. On this basis, we will, first of all, develop in this dog general interest to search.

If the helper tries to take away the fetch lying near the dog, the dog will guard it better than another thing, i.e. the purpose of guarding is clear to it. If a stranger carries her away, then the purpose of searching and sniffing at the trace of the departed person will also be clear and clear to the dog.

The direction of the dog's search will be associated with the direction of the hand throwing the fetch in front of the dog's eyes. The same will be required to develop zigzag runs when searching the area. All settings for guarding, searching, guarding and other techniques will be worked out easily if the dog has developed a sufficient love for fetch.

Equally, installing small ladders and barriers for small puppies will make it possible to easily move on to a normal ladder and barrier later.

A trial, initial guard on the leash of a favorite aport will develop general anger, and, consequently, interest in active detention after attempts to take away the thing.

The desire to apprehend the fugitive will serve as the basis for the development of an active search of the area when the fugitive is hiding in the bushes. Sampling your own things by instinct as an auxiliary exercise will serve as a basis for sampling other people's things. Giving voice on command will be used by barking at found things when searching the area and in a number of other works.

The trainer must know the relationship of training techniques with each other, taking into account that one spoiled technique (such as fetching) can delay and distort the normal development of a number of subsequent complex techniques (search, guarding, etc.).

All this points to the need for careful coordination of techniques. It’s even better if the trainer thinks through and draws up an approximate diagram of the sequence of introducing training techniques.