home Auditorium 7 Anthropometry technique. Definition of physical development. Anthropometry

Anthropometry technique. Definition of physical development. Anthropometry

Anthropometry is the main method of anthropological research, which consists of measuring human body and its parts in order to establish gender, race, age and other characteristics of the physical structure, which make it possible to give quantitative characteristics of their variability.

Life is a continuous process of development, including the stages of maturation, maturity and aging. Development and growth are two interdependent and interconnected aspects of one process. Development is characterized by qualitative changes, differentiation of organs and tissues and their functional improvement. And growth represents quantitative changes associated with an increase in cell size, mass of tissues and organs, and the entire organism as a whole.

Physical development is one of the main indicators of human health and age standards improvement. The practical ability to correctly evaluate it contributes to raising a healthy generation. In this article we'll talk o algorithm for measuring height and weight.

Factors influencing anthropometric indicators

Energy exchange and metabolism processes continuously occur in the human body, and they determine its developmental characteristics. Mass, height, consistency in the increase in various parts of the body, proportions - all this is programmed by hereditary mechanisms. The sequence of development may be disrupted under the influence of certain external and internal factors. The first includes social conditions, sedentary lifestyle life, unfavorable intrauterine development, poor nutrition, improper work and rest schedule, bad habits, ecology.

Internal factors include heredity and the presence of various diseases.

Knowing the algorithm for measuring height and weight, you can clearly assess physical development.

Conditions for conducting the study

Anthropometry requires the use of carefully adjusted and tested instruments: stadiometer, scales, dynamometer, measuring tape, etc. Measurements are recommended to be taken in the first half of the day on an empty stomach or two to three hours after a meal. The clothes the person is wearing should be light, knitted. If measurements are planned to be taken in the afternoon, you should take a horizontal position for ten to fifteen minutes beforehand.

For further assessment to be effective, an algorithm for measuring the patient's height must be followed. It should be remembered that the analysis of anthropometric indicators is the most important element research into how physical development corresponds to age standards. Detected deviations may be a sign certain disease or risk factor.

Measuring height while standing

Since in the evening a person becomes lower by one or two centimeters, which is due to natural fatigue, flattening of the arch of the foot and intervertebral cartilaginous discs, decreased muscle tone, it is advisable to take height measurements in the first half of the day. The algorithm includes three stages: preparation for the procedure, measurement and completion of the procedure. Let's talk about each of them.

Preparation

In accordance with the instructions, prepare the stadiometer for use.
Introduce yourself to the patient, tell him about the upcoming procedure and obtain his consent.
Clean hands hygienically and dry them.
Place a napkin on the stadiometer platform (under the patient’s feet).
Ask the subject to remove his hat and shoes.
Raise the bar of the stadiometer above the expected height of the subject.

Performing a measurement

The patient should stand on the stadiometer platform so that the back of the head, interscapular area, buttocks and heels touch the vertical stand.
The stadiometer bar must be lowered onto the patient’s head without pressing down.
Ask the subject to leave the site and, if necessary, help him do so.
Determine your height using the bottom edge of the bar on the scale.

End of the procedure

Measuring height while sitting

The algorithm for measuring the patient's height in a sitting position is somewhat different from that described above.

It is necessary to ask the subject to sit down on the folding seat of the stadiometer, previously covered with oilcloth.
The patient should sit so as to touch three points - the shoulder blades, the back of the head and the buttocks - to the vertical bar with the scale.
The subject's head should be positioned so that the earlobe and the tip of the nose are on the same horizontal line.
The measuring bar must be lowered onto the patient's crown, pressed against the scale and asked to stand up.
You need to take readings on the left side of the scale, then lower the bar.
Similarly to the above, record the results and inform the patient about them.

Measuring the height of a pregnant woman: algorithm

First, you need to explain to the pregnant woman the goals and progress of the procedure. The growth measurement algorithm is as follows:

Stand to the side of the stadiometer and raise the bar above the expected height level of the subject.
Ask the pregnant woman to stand on the stadiometer platform so that her buttocks, heels and shoulder blades touch the stand of the device, and her head is in such a position that the outer corner of the eye and the tragus of the ear are on the same horizontal line.
The stadiometer bar should be lowered to the crown of the pregnant woman and the number of centimeters from the bottom level of the bar should be determined using the scale.
Enter the received data into individual card patients.
The height gauge should be cleaned with a cloth soaked in a solution (05%) of calcium hypochlorite.
Wash your hands thoroughly.

Body weight measurement

To conduct anthropometric studies, it is not enough to know only the algorithm for measuring height; you also need to be able to determine a person’s weight. Body weight is measured using floor scales. The patient must stand still on the platform so that the weighing error does not exceed +/-50 grams. Unlike height, weight is an unstable indicator and can change under the influence of many factors. Thus, daily fluctuations in body weight can reach one to two kilograms.

Knowing how height is measured, the algorithm for determining weight will be extremely easy to remember. The procedure consists of three stages.

Preparing to measure your weight

First, in accordance with the instructions, you should check the accuracy and serviceability of the medical scales.
It is necessary to establish the balance of the device; if mechanical structures are used, close the shutter.
You need to place a napkin on the scale platform for one-time use.
The person performing the procedure must explain to the patient the sequence of future actions.

Executing the procedure

The subject should be asked to undress to his underwear and also take off his shoes. Ask him to carefully stand on the scale platform in the middle.
When standing on the scale measuring panel, the subject must be held by the hand; during the measurement process, it is important to monitor his balance.
If a mechanical design is used, the scale shutter must be opened.
Following the instructions for use of the device, it is necessary to determine the body weight of the subject.

End of the procedure

The patient should be informed of the weight measurement results and helped to get off the measuring panel, holding his hand if necessary.
You need to remove the napkin from the scale platform and place it in a container intended for waste.
Hands should be sanitized and dried.
The results must be recorded in appropriate documentation.

Algorithm for measuring height in children of different ages

The most stable indicator of physical development in children is height. It reflects the development process of the child’s body. As a rule, significant growth disorders are accompanied by pathologies of other systems and organs. Thus, in the case of slowing skeletal growth, differentiation and growth of the brain, myocardium, and skeletal muscles most often slow down to a lesser or greater extent.

How is a newborn's height measured? The algorithm requires a stadiometer in the form of a board 40 centimeters wide and 80 centimeters long. On the left side of the device there should be a centimeter scale with a fixed transverse bar at the beginning and a movable, easily moved along the scale with a transverse bar at the end.

Baby height measurement technique

The baby must be placed on his back so that his head touches the stationary transverse bar of the stadiometer. It should be positioned so that the upper edge of the ear tragus and the lower edge of the orbit are in the same horizontal plane.
The baby's mother or an assistant measuring should firmly fix the baby's head.
The child's legs should be straightened by easy pressing on your knees with the palm of one hand, and with the other hand you need to bring the movable bar of the stadiometer tightly to your toes, while your feet need to be bent to your shins until right angle. The distance from the fixed to the movable bar will be the height of the child. It is necessary to mark the length to the nearest millimeter.

How to Measure Height in Older Children

The algorithm for measuring the growth of a child under one year old was presented above, but what technique of performing the procedure is suitable for older children? In this case, you need a stadiometer in the form of a wooden block eight to ten centimeters wide, about two meters long and five to seven centimeters thick. The front vertical surface of the bar should contain two division scales in centimeters: on the left - for measuring height while sitting, on the right - while standing. There should also be a movable twenty-centimeter bar. A bench is attached to a vertical bar at a level of forty centimeters from the wooden platform to measure height while sitting.

The algorithm for measuring height in children aged one year and older is similar to that used for adults.

Child's body weight

Compared to height, a baby’s weight is a more labile indicator, which reflects the degree of development of muscle and skeletal systems, subcutaneous fatty tissue, internal organs, and depends not only on constitutional features, but also on factors external environment such as mental and physical exercise, food, etc.

Typically, the weight measurement algorithm (as well as the height measurement algorithm) does not cause difficulties. Children under three years old weighing up to twenty kilograms are weighed on a cup scale consisting of a rocker arm and a tray with lower (in kg) and upper (in g) division scales. Children aged three years and older are weighed on lever scales.

Measuring body weight. Weighing children under 2 years of age is carried out on tray scales, which consist of a body, a tray, a movable rocker with two division scales (the lower one is in kilograms, the upper one is in grams). On the left side of the rocker there is a counterweight, on the right side there is a arrow-shaped process. Can be used electronic balance. The scales are balanced before each child is weighed. This is achieved by rotating the counterweight until the swept arm of the rocker arm is level with the stationary arm on the scale body. The weights are at zero scale divisions. The scales should be installed next to the changing table on a fixed bedside table. A clean diaper folded several times is placed on the tray, and the scales are balanced along with the diaper. The child is placed so that the head is located at the wide end of the tray, and the legs are at the narrow end. Before work and after finishing, the tray part is wiped with a 0.5% chloramine solution.

Children over 2 years of age are weighed on lever medical scales.

Regardless of age, children are weighed in the morning on an empty stomach, preferably after urination and defecation.

Body length measurement. Children's height infancy measured using a special horizontal stadiometer, which is a board rectangular shape 80 cm long and 40 cm wide. Before starting the measurement, the stadiometer is wiped with a 0.5% chloramine solution and a diaper is placed. A child dressed in a vest is placed on the stadiometer so that the head tightly touches the stationary transverse bar of the stadiometer with the crown of the head, the legs are straightened at the knees and the movable transverse bar of the stadiometer is pressed against the soles. Using the side bar with a scale, the distance between the fixed and movable bars (the height of the child) is determined.

The height of older children is measured using a stadiometer in a standing position. The latter is a wooden board 2 m 10 cm long, 8-10 cm wide and 5-7 cm thick, installed vertically on a wooden platform measuring 75 x 50 cm. Two division scales in centimeters are marked on the vertical board: on the right - for measuring height in in a standing position, on the left - in a sitting position. A 20 cm long bar slides along the board. At a level of 40 cm from the floor, a folding bench is attached to the vertical board for measuring height in a sitting position. Measurement procedure: the child stands on the stadiometer platform with his back to the vertical stand, in a natural straightened position, touching the vertical stand with his heels, buttocks, back and back of the head, arms down along the body, heels together, toes apart. The head is placed in a position in which the lower corner of the orbit and the upper edge of the tragus of the ear are in the same horizontal plane. The movable bar is applied to the head without pressure.

The height of children from 1 year to 3 years is measured using the same stadiometer, only instead of the lower platform a folding bench is used and the reading is carried out on the scale on the left. The positioning of the head and body is the same as when measuring the height of older children.

Measuring the circumference of the head, chest, shoulder, thigh, lower leg.

The head circumference is determined by applying a centimeter tape, drawing it from behind along the occipital point, and from the front along brow ridges.

Chest circumference is measured three times: during quiet breathing, at the height of inhalation and at the height of exhalation. The child should be in a standing position with his arms down. The measuring tape is applied at the back under the lower angles of the shoulder blades with the arms extended to the side. Then the hands are lowered and the tape is passed in front along the midsternal point. For girls in puberty with well-developed mammary glands, the tape is applied over mammary gland at the junction of the skin with chest on the gland.

Shoulder circumference is measured twice: with tense muscles and with relaxed arm muscles. The child’s arm in a supinated position is bent to the horizontal level of the forearm and a measuring tape is applied at the site of the greatest thickening of the biceps muscle, then the child is asked to make a fist and bend the arm at the elbow joint with maximum force - the first measurement is taken, after which, without removing the tape, the second measurement is taken - with the arm freely lowered. This measurement is the main one used in calculations. By the difference in circumferences measured in tense and relaxed states of the arm, one can judge the development of the biceps brachii muscle.

Thigh circumference is measured by placing a measuring tape under the gluteal fold. The child should stand with his feet shoulder-width apart.

The calf circumference is determined at the site of maximum volume of the calf muscle.

Transportation of patients

Transportation of children can be carried out in several ways. The method of transporting a sick child to the department is determined by the doctor. Children who are in satisfactory condition go to the department alone, accompanied medical worker, young children and infants are carried in their arms. Seriously ill patients are transported on a stretcher mounted on a special gurney. All stretchers and wheelchairs must be filled with clean sheets, and in the cold season, blankets. The sheet is changed after each patient, and the blanket is aired. Some patients are transported in a wheelchair. The emergency department must be provided with the required number of stretchers and wheelchairs.

In the ward, a seriously ill patient is transferred from a stretcher to a bed: one hand is placed under the shoulder blades, and the other under the patient’s hips, while the child clasps his neck with his hands nurse. If the patient is carried by two people, then one supports the patient under the shoulder blades and lower back, the second - under the buttocks and legs.

ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDIES- measurement of height, body weight.

Standing height is determined using a stadiometer. The patient must be without shoes.
Women with high hairstyles should have their hair down when measuring their height.
The patient should stand without tension.

ALGORITHM of the nurse's action when measuring height (standing):

Place the patient on the stadiometer platform with his back to the stand with the scale so that he touches the stadiometer with three points (heels, buttocks and interscapular space);
Tilt your head slightly so that the upper edge of the outer ear canal and the lower edge of the eye socket are located on the same line, parallel to the floor;
The nurse should stand at the side of the patient;
Lower the tablet onto the patient's head;
Take the count along the bottom edge of the tablet;
Record the patient's height on the temperature sheet.

ALGORITHM of the nurse's actions when measuring height (sitting):

1. Place the patient on a bench, with his back to the stadiometer stand so that he

touched the stadiometer with the sacrum and interscapular space;

2. Tilt your head slightly so that the outer edge of the orbit and tragus

the ears were on the same horizontal plane;

3. The nurse should stand on the side of the patient;

4. Lower the tablet onto the patient's head;

5. Count along the bottom edge of the tablet;

6. Record the patient's height on the temperature sheet.

DETERMINATION OF BODY WEIGHT (WEIING).

The patient's body weight is determined on medical scales, which must be verified and adjusted before weighing.

The rules for weighing the patient should be followed: weigh on an empty stomach, in the same clothes, after bowel movement Bladder and intestines, without shoes.

ATTENTION! There are two weights on the scales: a large one - tens, a small one - within one tens of kilograms and grams.

ALGORITHM of the nurse's action when determining the patient's body weight:

Adjust the scales;
Place the patient in the middle of the scale;
Open the shutter of the scale;
Move the weights on the scales to the left until the level of the balance beam matches the reference level;
Close the shutter;
View and record the data on the temperature sheet;

Normal body weight on average is determined by the formula: HEIGHT - 100.

FOR EXAMPLE: The person's height is 163 cm, so normal weight it should be 63kg.

MEASUREMENT OF CHEST CIRCUMSTANCE.

Required accessories:

Measuring tape, 0.5% chloramine solution.

Algorithm of actions m/s:

Ask the patient to spread his arms out to the sides.
Place a measuring tape at the back under the lower angle of the scapula, at the front - in men and children along the lower edge of the nipple circles, in women - under the mammary glands at the place where the 4th ribs are attached to the sternum.
After applying the tape, lower the patient's arms.
The measurement is carried out in three positions:

a) at rest

b) with a full inhalation;

c) with maximum exhalation.

Record these measurements in your medical history. The difference between inhalation and exhalation is called chest excursion
Disinfect the measuring tape.

ALGORITHM FOR COUNTING RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS.

Take the patient's hand in the same way as for the Ps study on the radial artery, thereby diverting his attention).
Place your other hand on your chest (when breast type breathing) or on the epigastric region (with abdominal breathing).
Count the number of breaths in 1 minute.

Number breathing movements(frequency) is recorded graphically on the temperature sheet.

DETERMINATION OF ARTERIAL PULSE.

Pulse (Ps) is the vibration of the arterial wall caused by the release of blood into the arterial system.

The nature of the pulse depends on:

the size and speed of blood ejection by the heart;
condition of the artery wall (elasticity).

The arterial pulse is USUALLY determined at the radial artery.

ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING PULSE ON THE RADIAL ARTERY.

Use the fingers of your right hand to grasp the patient’s hand in the area of the wrist joint.
Place your first finger on the back of your forearm.
II - IY fingers, feel the pulsating radial artery and press it to the radial bone.
Determine the characteristics of pulse waves for 1 minute.
It is necessary to determine the pulse simultaneously in the right and left radial arteries, comparing their characteristics, which normally should be the same.
Data obtained from examining the pulse on the radial artery are recorded in the medical history or outpatient card, are noted daily with a red pencil on the temperature sheet. Column “P” (pulse) shows heart rate values from 50 to 160 per minute.

BP MEASUREMENT ALGORITHM:

Blood pressure is usually measured 2-3 times at intervals of 5 minutes, and the air from the cuff must be completely released each time.

Place the blood pressure cuff on the patient's bare shoulder 2 - 3 cm above the elbow. Clothing should not compress the shoulder above the cuff.

Fasten the cuff so tightly that only one finger fits between it and your shoulder.

Place the patient's arm correctly in an extended position, palm up, muscles relaxed.
Connect the pressure gauge to the cuff. The pressure gauge needles should be at the zero scale mark.
Feel the pulse on the brachial artery in the area of the ulnar fossa and place a phonendoscope in this place.
Close the valve on the bulb and pump air into the cuff. Inflate air until the pressure in the cuff, according to the readings of the monometer, does not exceed approximately 30 mm Hg. the level at which the pulsation of the radial artery ceases to be detected.
Open the valve and slowly, at a speed of no more than 20 mmHg. per second, deflate the cuff. At the same time, use a phonendoscope to listen to the sounds on the brachial artery and monitor the readings on the pressure gauge scale.
When the first sounds appear above the brachial artery, note the level of systolic pressure.
Note the value of diastolic pressure, which corresponds to the moment of complete disappearance of sounds in the brachial artery.
Write down the blood pressure measurement data as a fraction (in the numerator - systolic pressure, and the denominator is diastolic).

We emphasize again! Blood pressure should be measured 3 times a day. For a reliable result, take the average result, since the reaction of blood vessels to compression is taken into account (there may be a spasm, in which case the blood pressure is higher).

ALGORITHM FOR MEASURING BODY TEMPERATURE FOR A PATIENT:

Make sure the thermometer is intact.
Shake the thermometer until the mercury is below 35 degrees.
Examine the armpit for inflammation and skin damage.
Wipe your skin armpit dry towel.
Place the thermometer so that the reservoir of mercury is completely surrounded by folds of skin.
Measure your body temperature for 10 minutes.

Technique anthropometric measurements in children of different ages

To assess physical development, data from anthropometric measurements (height, weight, sizes of individual body parts, etc.) are used mainly.

Measuring the growth of children in the first year of life . The measurement is carried out with a special stadiometer in the form of a wide board 80 cm long and 40 cm wide. On one side of the board there are divisions in centimeters. At its beginning there is a fixed transverse bar. At the end of the scale there is a movable cross bar that easily moves along the centimeter scale.

The legs should be straightened with light pressure from the left hand on the knees; right hand bring the movable bar of the stadiometer tightly to the soles of the straightened legs.

The distance between the movable and fixed bars corresponds to the child’s height. The accuracy of such measurements is ± 0.5 cm.

Measuring the height of older children. The measurement is made with a stadiometer, which is a wooden board 2 m 10 cm long, 8 - 10 cm wide and 50x75 cm thick. There are 2 division scales (in cm) on the vertical board: one (on the right) for standing height, the other (on the left) for measuring body length while sitting. A 20 cm long bar slides along it. At a level of 40 cm from the floor, a folding bench is attached to the vertical board for measuring height while sitting.

Children are weighed from birth to 2-3 years on a cup scale with a maximum permissible load up to 20 kg (Fig. 23.3). The scales consist of a tray and a balance beam with two division scales: the lower one is in kilograms, the upper one is in hundredths of a kilogram. The balance beam has a counterweight. If the scales are not balanced, you should carefully turn the washer (microscrew) onto the counterweight towards or away from you, focusing on the balance indicators.

Weighing technique: First, weigh the diaper. The child is placed on the wide part of the tray with his head and shoulder girdle, his legs are on narrow part tray. If the child can be seated, then he is seated with his buttocks on the wide part of the tray, and his legs on the narrow part. You can put a child on and off the scales only with the scales closed and facing the scale scale. Scale readings are taken from the side of the weight where there are notches or notches. After recording the weight, the weights are set to zero, and the balance beam is set to safety. To determine the baby's weight, subtract the weight of the diaper from the scale reading. Weighing accuracy ±10 mg.

Head circumference measured with a centimeter tape, which is passed from behind through the most prominent point of the occipital protuberance, and from the front - along the superciliary arches (Fig. 23.5).

Dimensions of a large fontanelle infants determined by measuring the distance from the middle of one of its four sides to the other, opposite, but not along the diagonals (from corner to corner).

To measure the height of the head, an anthropometer or a special compass is used, one end of which is installed on the top of the head, and the other on the most prominent part of the chin.

To characterize the physical development of a child, assessing the characteristics of his chest and abdomen, as well as the ratio of circumferences, is of great importance.

Chest circumference measured at rest (Figure 23.6). The tape is applied at the back under the angles of the shoulder blades, and at the front - along the areola. In girls of puberty, the tape is passed along the fourth rib in front. Measurement in children of the first year of life is carried out in a lying position, and in older children - standing (arms down, breathing calmly).

Chest measurements are taken at the height of inspiration, during full exhalation and during quiet breathing.

In order to measure the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the chest, a special compass is used. When measuring the anteroposterior diameter, one leg of the compass is placed at the lower end of the body of the sternum, and the other at the same level at the spinous process of the spine. To determine the transverse diameter, the legs of the compass are installed along the mid-axillary line at the level of the lower edge of the sternum.

Abdominal circumference measured at the level of the navel. If the abdomen is significantly enlarged, the measuring tape is placed in the area of its greatest protrusion. Abdominal circumference healthy child should be measured before meals ( of great importance Measuring the abdomen is not used to assess the state of physical development of the child). In a sick child, such repeated measurements may be necessary in the presence of diseases in which changes in the volume of the abdomen occur (ascites, tumors, flatulence, etc.)

Body length determined by the distance from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra to the tip of the coccygeal bone. In young children, the torso measurement is carried out in a position lying on its side, in older children - in a standing position: when measuring, the measuring tape should be firmly attached to the surface of the back.

Limb measurement. The length of the limbs is measured with a Martin anthropometer, and if it is not available, with a regular measuring tape.

Arm length measured from the acromion to the end of the third finger; shoulder length - from acromion to apex elbow joint; the length of the forearm is from the elbow joint to the middle of the wrist.

Shoulder circumference determined by the area of greatest development of the biceps muscle (upper third of the shoulder). The measurement is carried out twice: first with the arm freely lowered and the muscles relaxed and then with the muscles tense. The child is asked to raise his arm to shoulder level and, bending it at the elbow, tense the muscles as much as possible.

Leg length measured from the greater trochanter of the femur to the level of the sole; length of the femur – from the greater trochanter to knee joint; the length of the lower leg is from the knee joint to the ankle. Thigh circumference is measured approximately at the level of the perineum at the widest part of the thigh; The measuring tape is passed horizontally directly under the gluteal fold.

Shin circumference determined by calf muscles, at the level of their greatest volume.

Indications: assessment of physical development, determination of anthropometric indicators during various states and diseases (for example, physiological loss of initial body weight, weight loss due to dehydration), to calculate the dose of drugs.

Body weight measurement

Body weight is measured in the morning before meals, preferably with the child naked. It is recommended to weigh weakened children along with their clothes, then subtracting their weight from the resulting value.

To assess the child’s physical development, the data obtained are compared with the calculated required values. A more accurate assessment is carried out using centile tables.

Body weight in children under two years of age is measured on scales for weighing infants (electronic or cup). Electronic medical scales consist of a base, side walls, a casing and a lifting platform. On the front of the casing there is a digital indicator, to the right of it is the “T” (tare) button. On the right wall of the scale there is a grounding terminal and a power cord outlet.

Medical cup scales consist of a body, a tray, a shutter, a movable rocker with weights and two division scales: the lower one in kilograms, the upper one in grams.

Measuring body weight at different age periods has some features. Thus, in children under 6 months of age, body weight is determined in a supine position, after 6 months - while sitting. Body weight in children over two years of age is measured on a lever medical scale.

Measuring body weight on electronic medical scales

Material equipment:

Medical scales;

Diaper;

Phantom doll.

Preparatory stage

1) Place the scale on a stationary surface (usually on a bedside table near the changing table).

2) Plug the power cord into the network, and the frame on the digital indicator will light up. After 35-40 seconds. numbers (zeros) will appear on the display. Leave the scale on for 10 minutes.

3) Check the scales: press your hand with slight force into the center of the tray - the indicator will display readings corresponding to the force of your hand; release the lifting platform - zeros will appear on the indicator.

4) Treat the surface of the scales disinfectant solution. Wash and dry your hands.

5) Place a diaper on the lifting platform - its weight will be displayed on the indicator. Reset the weight of the diaper into the machine’s memory by pressing the “T” button - zeros will appear on the indicator.

Main stage

6) Undress the child.

7) Carefully place him on the platform first with his buttocks, then with his shoulders and head. Legs should be supported. After some time, the indicator will display the value of the child’s weight; to the left of the weight value there is a “0” icon, indicating that weighing is completed. If the scales are overloaded, the message “END” will appear on the display. After 5-6 seconds, you can reset the result. The weight value is fixed for 35-40 s, then, if you do not press the “T” button, the scale readings are automatically reset to “0”.

8) Remove the diaper from the scales. The scales are automatically set to “0”.

The final stage

9) Disinfect the working surface of the scale.

10) Wash and dry your hands.

Measuring body weight on a medical cup scale

For material support, see “Measuring body weight on electronic medical scales.”

Algorithm for performing the manipulation:

Preparatory stage

1) Place the scale on a stationary surface.

2) Treat the tray part of the scale with a disinfectant solution. Wash and dry your hands.

3) Balance the scales by first moving both weights to the zero division. Balancing is achieved by rotating the counterweight. If the arrow-shaped process of the rocker arm is raised up, the counterweight rotates to the right, if downward, to the left. When the weights are balanced, the sagittal process will be at the same level as the process fixedly attached to the body.

4) Close the shutter.

5) Place a diaper folded several times on the scales. It is changed after each weighing and is not used for swaddling.

Main stage

6) Place the child on the scale. The head and shoulders should be located on the wide part of the scale, and the legs should be on the narrow part.

7) Open the shutter, move the weight on the lower rod until it falls down. After this, move the weight one division to the left. Then begin to smoothly move the weight on the upper bar until it reaches the equilibrium position. Determine the weighing result using the scale to the left of the edge of the weight.

8) Close the shutter and remove the child from the scale. Set both weights to the zero division, moving them as far as possible to the left.

9) Weigh the used diaper (clothing, if the child was dressed). Subtract their mass from the original total mass.

The final stage

10) Disinfect the working surface of the scale.

11) Wash and dry your hands.

Body length measurement

Measuring body length in children early age

Body length in children under 1 year of age is measured with a horizontal stadiometer. It has two vertical stops: a fixed wall and a movable bar. The movable bar easily moves along the centimeter scale printed on the left side of the stadiometer board. When measuring body length, it is not necessary to expose the child; it is enough to remove the cap, booties, and outerwear.

Body length in older children is measured with a vertical stadiometer. On the vertical board there are two division scales in centimeters: on the right - for measuring height in a standing position, on the left - for measuring height in a sitting position. A plank slides along the board. At a level of 40 cm from the floor, a folding bench is attached to a vertical board for measuring height in a sitting position.

Body length in children from 1 year to 3 years is measured using a vertical stadiometer, but instead of the lower platform, a folding bench is used and the body length is measured using the scale on the left.

Material equipment:

Horizontal height meter;

Diaper;

A container with a disinfectant solution for disinfecting surfaces;

Phantom doll.

Algorithm for performing the manipulation:

Preparatory stage

1) Place the horizontal stadiometer on the table with the scale facing you.

2) Treat the stadiometer with a disinfectant solution. Wash and dry your hands. Place a diaper over the stadiometer.

Main stage

3) Place the child on the stadiometer so that the head tightly touches the crown of the head to the fixed bar, the upper edge of the tragus of the ear and the lower eyelid are in one vertical plane. The child's legs should be straightened with light pressure on the knees and pressed against the stadiometer board.

4) Move the movable bar of the stadiometer to the feet, bent at a right angle to the shin.

5) Determine the length of the child’s body using the scale. The length of the body is equal to the distance between the fixed and movable bars of the stadiometer.

The final stage

6) Disinfect the working surface of the stadiometer.

7) Wash and dry your hands.

Features of measuring body length in older children

The measurement is performed using a vertical stadiometer. The child is placed on the stadiometer platform with his back to the vertical stand so that he touches it with his heels, buttocks, back and parietal region. Arms should be lowered along the body, heels together, toes apart. The head is placed in a position in which the lower eyelid and the upper edge of the ear tragus are in a horizontal plane.

Then, without pressure, a movable bar is lowered to the head and from its lower edge the length of the body is determined on a scale.

Measuring head and chest circumference

The head and chest circumference is measured using a centimeter tape. The chest circumference in young children is determined only at rest, in older children - at rest, during inhalation and exhalation.

Material equipment:

Tape measure;

A container with a disinfectant solution for disinfecting the tape;

Phantom doll.

Algorithm for performing the manipulation:

Preparatory stage

1) Lay down (sit down) the child.

The main stage of measuring head circumference

2) Pass the measuring tape through occipital protuberance behind and along the brow ridges in front.

3) Determine the head circumference using the tape.

The main stage of measuring chest circumference

4) Place a measuring tape at the back under the lower angle of the shoulder blades, at the front along the lower edge of the areola.

5) Determine the chest circumference using the tape. It is recommended to tighten the tape and lightly press the soft tissue.

The final stage of measuring the circumference of the head and chest

6) Disinfect the measuring tape, wash under running water and soap, and dry.

Features of measuring chest circumference
in girls of puberty

In girls with developed mammary glands the tape is passed in front at the level of the upper edge of the 4th rib above the mammary glands. The arms should be freely lowered along the body. It is necessary to control that the child does not raise his shoulders or move his arms forward or to the side.

Anthropometry of newborns

Anthropometry of newborns in the delivery room has some peculiarities. After skin treatment, the newborn is wrapped in a sterile diaper and weighed. The mass of the diaper is subtracted from the data obtained. Body length is measured using a horizontal stadiometer. The circumference of the head and chest is determined according to the usual method using a sterile measuring tape or a medical oilcloth tape included in the individual kit of the newborn. If tape was used for measurements, it is compared with the divisions of a centimeter ruler on the side of the changing table. It is prohibited to touch the edge with the tape.